The PSHE KLA is connected with other KLAs in various aspects,
3 教育統籌委員會，《全方位學習活動簡介》，二零零零年七月。
either drawing on their understandings, processes and skills to enrich PSHE learning, or contributing to the achievement of students’
learning outcomes in other KLAs. Obvious examples of links of PSHE with other KLAs include: personal and social issues related to different KLAs, the historical, social and cultural background of themes/issues in KLAs, the concern for people-environment relationships and citizenship education in different KLA contexts.
They provide a basis for collaboration with other KLAs in the organization of learning activities and studies of an integrated nature.
The following table provides ideas on some of the personal and social issues for discussion and enquiry in other KLAs:
Key Learning Areas Suggested issues for discussions and enquiries Chinese Language Ÿ Cultural affiliation, national identity and Chinese
language education
Ÿ Should Putonghua replace Cantonese as the spoken language in Hong Kong?
English Language Ÿ Intercultural and cross-cultural experiences in English language education
Ÿ Is English language the necessary path to globalization?
Mathematics Ÿ The use and misuse of statistics Ÿ Is mathematics value-free?
Science Ÿ Scientific investigation and ethical considerations Ÿ How scientific is our approach to daily problems?
Technology Ÿ Technology for people and people for technology Ÿ Is technology gender biased?
Arts Ÿ Development of individuality and arts education Ÿ Should artistic expression observe moral boundaries?
Physical Education Ÿ Knowing one’s own biological clock Ÿ Can physical exercises be a therapy?
6 CONCLUSION
The PSHE framework is proposed to facilitate schools and teachers in planning, adapting and designing their school-based curriculum for the promotion of learning to learn through diversified modes of planning and strengthening of the teaching-learning and assessment cycle. The enhancement of moral, social and civic values and the development of generic skills are intertwined in the six strands of PSHE. Pedagogical change is highly essential to make enquiry learning successful and help students link PSHE learning with their daily lives.
Teachers play a very significant role in curriculum development.
The Curriculum Development Council, with its Committee on PSHE KLA, are ready to support teachers in realizing the aims of PSHE learning. Your opinions on the phases of development, the proposed framework of PSHE with its components, modes of planning and essential contents for learning are most welcome.
You are welcome to send your views to the Curriculum Development Council Secretariat by post, by fax or by e-mail on or before 15 February 2001.
Address: Curriculum Development Council Secretariat Room 1329, Wu Chung House
213 Queen’s Road East Wan Chai
Hong Kong
Fax Number: 2573 5299 / 2575 4318 E-mail Address: cdchk@ed.gov.hk
Appendix 1
PSHE – Learning Objectives
PSHE LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- KEY STAGE ONE
Strand I Strand II Strand III Strand IV Strand V Strand VI
Personal & Social Development Self esteem
Self management Healthy lifestyles Human relationships Sexuality issues
Time, Continuity & Change Time and chronology Understanding the past Change and continuity Historical interpretations and perspectives
Culture & Heritage Foundation of Culture Customs & traditions Modernization and the Post-modern world
Cultural diversities &
interaction
Place & Environment
Natural & human features of a place
Spatial association &
interaction People-environment interrelationships Conservation & sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities Use of resources
Production and consumption People and work
Exchange
Social Systems & Citizenship Rights, responsibilities &
social virtues
Social norms, rules & law Local, national & global identities
Social system, political system
& interaction Knowledge and understanding
1. to know the importance of and ways to maintain personal and environmental hygiene and safety
2. to identify the different stages of human growth and development
3. to understand one’s own interests and that one’s own emotions and behaviours may influence oneself as well as others
4. to understand one’s role within the family and peer groups and the importance of living in responsible ways to reflect a loving regard for all 5. to understand there arelife
individual differences in growth and development Skills
1. to be able to manage one’s personal hygiene, safety and emotions
2. to maintain harmonious relationships with family members and peers Values and attitudes
1. to develop personal and social values and attitudes, such as self-esteem, self-discipline, self-reflection, respect, tolerance, independence, and to be positive, confident, caring, cooperative,
responsible, open-minded, etc.
Knowledge and understanding 1. to identify similarities and
differences in the lives of different generations and selected events
2. to identify the order of events and their chronological sequence
3. to identify the changes experienced by the
neighbouring communities in different stages of
development
4. to understand that some people have made significant contributions in national and world history
5. to understand that changes have taken place in the life of the local community in different periods of time Skills
1. to be able to make use of broad categories of time (e.g. past, present and future; days, weeks, months and years) and apply calendar times to describe events in the family, the school and the community Values and attitudes
1. to develop a concern for the changes and development of the local community
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to know the existence of different groups and communities
2. to understand the uniqueness of the Chinese culture 3. to understand that people
interact differently within their cultural groups and with other cultural groups Skills objectives:
1. to identify the major features of the culture of the local community
2. to be able to make association on the features of the culture of the local community to those manifested in other parts of China
Values and attitudes
1. to develop an appreciation for the unique features of the Chinese culture and an interest to find out more 2. to appreciate the importance
of conservation of cultural heritage
Knowledge & understanding 1. to know characteristic features
in their immediate living environment and neighbouring areas 2. to understand the
arrangement of natural and human features in a place and describe how such
arrangement varies in different places 3. to understand how local
human activities may affect and are affected by the natural environment
Skills
1. to identify and locate features on maps and photographs 2. to observe and compare
patterns shown on maps and photographs
Values & attitudes
1. to develop an interest in and a respect for other peoples and their way of life in different places of the world
2. to show concern and readiness to take action in caring for and improving the environment
Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to be aware that goods and services produced for our consumption are insufficient to satisfy all our wants
2. to understand that people manage the use of resources in different ways
3. to understand that people work to get income and that there are different types of work 4. to know that people meeting
their needs by exchanging goods and services
Skills:
1. to practise planning one’s use of time and money
Values and Attitudes:
1. to show concern for and to take action in using scarce resources more efficiently for the betterment of one’s family 2. to appreciate the efforts and
contributions of people who work to satisfy our needs and maintain a harmonious community
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to identify the roles of an individual in different social groups and to understand the respective rights and responsibilities one may have within the groups
2. to understand the differences among people and the need to respect the rights of other people 3. to understand the importance of
social virtues, the functions of rules and regulations, and the importance of the Basic Law to the HKSAR residents 4. to identify local and national
symbols
5. to identify some community services provided by the government
Skills:
1. to exercise one's own rights, accept and fulfill one's responsibilities
2. to make good use of community services
Values and attitudes:
1. to show respect for the rights of others
2. to develop virtues e.g honesty, integrity and a sense of local and national identities
3. to appreciate the need for fair rules and be willing to observe rules and regulations
PSHE LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- KEY STAGE TWO
Strand I Strand II Strand III Strand IV Strand V Strand VI
Personal & Social Development Self esteem
Self management Healthy lifestyles Human relationships Sexuality issues
Time, Continuity & Change Time and chronology Understanding the past Change and continuity Historical interpretations and perspectives
Culture & Heritage Foundation of Culture Customs & traditions Modernization and the Post-modern world
Cultural diversities &
interaction
Place & Environment
Natural & human features of a place
Spatial association &
interaction People-environment interrelationships Conservation & sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities Use of resources
Production and consumption People and work
Exchange
Social Systems & Citizenship Rights, responsibilities &
social virtues
Social norms, rules & law Local, national & global identities
Social system, political system
& interaction
Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to know the factors affecting one’s health and safety and ways to maintain health and manage risks
2. to know the physical, emotional and social changes which occur at puberty and the ways to cope with these changes
3. to understand one’s own needs, aspirations and strengths and the ways to address one’s weaknesses 4. to understand different types
of relationships in the family and other social groups Skills:
1. to be able to manage one’s health, risks and changes in puberty
2. to enhance relationships with family members and peers Values and Attitudes:
1. to develop personal and social values and attitudes, such as self-esteem, self-discipline, self-reflection, respect, tolerance, independence, and to be positive, confident, caring, cooperative,
responsible, open-minded, etc.
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to identify aspects of the local community and ways of life in the family that have endured or changed and give reasons for their change or non-change 2. to know the ways to construct
a sequence of major historical period of events and the relationships of events and people
3. to understand that human experiences have changed in the local community through time
4. to understand the significant ideas, people or events that have influenced the identity of the home country through time Skills
1. to apply chronological terms (including years, decades, centuries, generations and millennia) correctly Values and attitudes 1. to have an awareness that
current developments may have an impact on the future human society
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to know the important features of the Chinese culture
2. to understand the influences of different cultures on the life of the local community 3. to understand the importance
of and ways individuals and groups to pass on and sustain their culture and heritage Skills:
1. to identify the elements in everyday life which are shaped by traditional culture as well as other cultures 2. to compare the major features
of our culture with those of other major cultures of the world
Values and attitudes 1. to develop a concern for
conserving cultural heritage in the local community
Knowledge & understanding 1. to understand how different
natural and human processes shape the characteristics of a place
2. to understand the patterns and networks found in the major regions of the world 3. to understand how human
beings are affected by the natural environment and how they react to the limitation imposed by the natural environment
Skills
1. to construct maps and other geographic representations to display information about places
Values & attitudes
1. to develop a concern for major local, national and global issues
2. to participate actively in protecting and improving the environment
Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to understand the values and beliefs underlying family/
community choices in their efficient use of limited resources 2. to be aware that innovation and
enterprise affect production, consumption and the environment
3. to understand that people in different occupations act in various ways to make production more effective 4 to know the benefits of voluntary
exchanges among people/countries Skills:
1. to make rational consumer decisions and saving plans Values and Attitudes:
1. to have an awareness that economic decisions of
individual/ family/ community affect our life as well as the environment
2. to develop a willingness to contribute to the collective interests of the local community
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to identify the norms within the groups that an individual is engaged with, and to understand the important effects these norms exert in our daily life
2. to understand the rights and responsibilities of an individual and how they are protected by the Basic Law and the local legal system
3. to understand the functions of and services provided by the government and local social institutions in response to the needs and interests of HK residents
Skills:
1. to reflect on the balance between conformity to social norms and personal identity
2. to reflect on the balance between rights and responsibilities, and to exercise one's rights and responsibilities in various settings through different channels
Values and attitudes:
1. to be willing to contribute to the collective interests of the community
PSHE LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- KEY STAGE THREE
Strand I Strand II Strand III Strand IV Strand V Strand VI
Personal & Social Development Self esteem
Self management Healthy lifestyles Human relationships Sexuality issues
Time, Continuity & Change Time and chronology Understanding the past Change and continuity Historical interpretations and perspectives
Culture & Heritage Foundation of Culture Customs & traditions Modernization and the Post-modern world
Cultural diversities &
interaction
Place & Environment
Natural & human features of a place
Spatial association &
interaction People-environment interrelationships Conservation & sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities Use of resources
Production and consumption People and work
Exchange
Social Systems & Citizenship Rights, responsibilities &
social virtues
Social norms, rules & law Local, national & global identities
Social system, political system
& interaction Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to understand the
importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and be informed about matters related to health 2. to understand the
importance of valuing oneself and others 3. to understand the factors
influencing one’s development , attitudes of sexuality, interpersonal relationships, values and beliefs
4. to understand the ways to cope with emotional experiences that accompany sexual maturation
Skills:
1. to make informed and responsible decisions on matters concerning one’s health
2. to clarify the values and beliefs underlying one’s own decisions
Values and Attitudes:
1. to develop personal and social values and attitudes, such as esteem,
self-discipline, self-reflection, respect, tolerance, independence, and to be positive, confident, caring, cooperative, responsible,
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to identify and describe significant historical periods and patterns of change 2. to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of information as well as fact and opinion in order to construct an understanding of the past 3. to understand that the same
phenomenon or event may be presented from a variety of perspectives and is subjected to interpretation 4. to examine the positive and
negative impacts of change brought about by historical events
Skills
1. to create a chronology and make logical inferences concerning cause and effect through the study of historical events and figures within a given time-frame Values and attitudes
1. To cultivate a sense of balanced judgement in modern life based on the understanding of the past human experiences
Knowledge and Understanding 1. to understand the
uniqueness of the Chinese culture in the light of other major cultures of the world within a broad
chronological structure 2. to understand the ways in
which communities reflect the cultures and heritages of their people
3. to be aware of the emergence of the ‘global culture’
Skill objectives
1. to identify main virtues of the Chinese culture 2. to analyze the impact of the
spread of new technology and ideas on culture and heritage
Attitudinal objectives 1. to show concern for the
conservation of cultural heritage in the local community
Knowledge & understanding 1. to know the similarities and
differences of the major characteristics of different places
2. to understand the major global patterns and networks in relation to the interaction and
interconnection of the natural and human systems of different regions 3. to understand how the
interaction of natural and man-made environments affects human activities and explain why people living in different places respond differently
Skills
1. to use maps and other geographic representations to explain patterns and processes taking places in different places and environments Values & attitudes
1. to appreciate the importance of global interdependence 2. to participate actively in
promoting environmental awareness and protection to others
Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to understand how access to and ownership of resources affect individual’s/ society’s choice to solve the three basic economic problems
2. to recognize the contributions of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors to the economic development of Hong Kong and the mainland
3. to know the rights and responsibilities of consumers 4. to identify job qualifications,
personal qualities and educational training associated with various careers
5. to understand how different arrangement could facilitate exchange among
individuals/places Skills:
1. to make career planning based on relevant factors, such as job qualification, personal qualities and educational training
Values and Attitudes:
1. to show concern for and be willing to participate in protecting and improving the environment
2. to have an awareness that current changes and developments may have an impact on future society
Knowledge and understanding : 1. to understand the importance
of the Basic Law and the basic principles and meanings of
"One Country, Two Systems",
"Hong Kong People Ruling Hong Kong", and "A High Degree of Autonomy"
2. to understand the
relationship of the National Constitution with the HKSAR residents
3. to understand the key features of local social groups and political bodies 4. to analyse the causes and
effects of social and political issues at local, national and global levels
Skills:
1. to research public issues/
civic affairs 2. to exercise skills of
monitoring to exert influence in local affairs
Values and attitudes:
1. to show respect for and uphold the rule of law 2. to keep informed about
current affairs, and be willing to contribute to resolving problems/issues at local, national and global levels
PSHE LEARNING OBJECTIVES -- KEY STAGE FOUR
Strand I Strand II Strand III Strand IV Strand V Strand VI
Personal & Social Development Self esteem
Self management Healthy lifestyles Human relationships Sexuality issues
Time, Continuity & Change Time and chronology Understanding the past Change and continuity Historical interpretations and perspectives
Culture & Heritage Foundation of Culture Customs & traditions Modernization and the Post-modern world
Cultural diversities &
interaction
Place & Environment
Natural & human features of a place
Spatial association &
interaction People-environment interrelationships Conservation & sustainable development
Resources & Economic Activities Use of resources
Production and consumption People and work
Exchange
Social Systems & Citizenship Rights, responsibilities &
social virtues
Social norms, rules & law Local, national & global identities
Social system, political system
& interaction Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to understand the factors influencing one’s self-esteem and know how to enhance one’s own self-esteem and support the development of the self-esteem of others 2. to understand one’s
personality, abilities, potential, aspirations, personal identity, values, and purpose in life 3. to understand choices,
consequences and responsibilities arising from health issues and sexual behaviours
Skills:
1. to be able to manage praise and criticism, success and failure and cope with changes of relationships in positive ways
2. to set realistic goals and make choices for future careers 3. to reflect and evaluate on one’s
own values and those of others in appraising social and moral issues
4. to participate fully and effectively as member in the family and in the community Values and Attitudes:
1. to develop personal and social values and attitudes, such as self-esteem, self-discipline, self-reflection, respect, tolerance, independence, and to be positive, confident,
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to understand significant historical events, themes, trends, developments and their relations
2. to comprehend the forces of change and continuity in historical phenomena 3. to analyze changes in the
application of ideologies and effects of major values and beliefs on the development of human experience
4. to apply historical information to support arguments and judgements
Skills:
1. to be able to research issues from a variety of materials and present information in a logical, analytical and coherent structure
Values and attitudes
1. to critically evaluate on the core value of the society which have endured over time
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to examine one’s position within the local and global culture
2. to provide interpretations and explanations for the change and development of their own culture as well as other major cultures
Skills objectives
1. to analyze the impact of culture upon human life 2. to evaluate the efforts made
on conservation of cultural heritage in the local area and the world
Values and attitudes:
1. to be ready to share virtues and aspirations with peoples of divergent experiences, beliefs and behaviours
Knowledge & understanding 1. to understand how spatial
concepts can be applied to interpret the complexity of a place
2. to know how to analyze the complex spatial organization of natural and man-made features and phenomena by a generalized framework 3. to understand how a variety of
contemporary issues can be analyzed in terms of the changing interdependence of people, places and
environments Skills
1. to produce and interpret maps and other geographic representations to analyze and solve problems
Values & attitudes
1. to develop a readiness to work for the betterment of the world 2. to be committed to develop an
environmental-friendly lifestyle and to promote it to others
Knowledge and Understanding:
1. to understand the implications of different resources uses for individuals, society and the environment
2. to understand how firms and industries are organized and managed to achieve productive efficiency
3. to understand employment situations in Hong Kong and the impact of government policies on the level of income and employment
4. to understand the work of the market mechanism and how maximization is achieved in the process of specialization and exchange
Skills:
1. to use graphical and mathematical approaches to present information related to current economic issues Values and Attitudes:
1. to show concern for and be willing to promote social justice in economic issues
2. to develop an awareness of the role of individuals and groups in influencing the decision-making on the sustainable use of the local, national and global environments
Knowledge and understanding:
1. to examine the interaction between local social and political systems
2. to identify the key features of social and political systems in the national and global contexts 3. to analyze diversified views on
rights and responsibilities in different cultural contexts 4. to evaluate different views on
social virtues
5. to analyze and evaluate relationships among local, national and global identities Skills:
1. to distinguish between facts and opinions , between means and ends, with a view to promoting a consensual view amongst diversified views, or arriving at a wise choice of alternative views based on rational judgment and sound arguments supported by ample evidence
Values and attitudes:
1. to cultivate an open mind to accept and respect different views of others and be willing to resolve disagreements
2. to develop a global perspective and be willing to contribute to improving the quality of life in the local, national and international communities through active involvement in civic affairs