76. On training plans and budget, the following views were rendered by the establishments :
¾ Of those establishments having employees, 13% and 11%
respectively reported to have training plans and training budget for their employees. Analysed by employment size, the large establishments were generally more conscious of devising training plans for their employees than the medium-sized and small establishments (Annex 53).
¾ Of those establishments having employees, 29% would increase training so as to upgrade the knowledge and skills of their employees.
37% would allow their employees to attend training courses during office hours. 12% had evaluated the performance of their employees after attending training courses (Annex 54).
¾ By occupation category, the establishments preferred their managers and administrators to focus on enhancement of management skills, their professionals and associate professionals on IT skills, and their clerks and their service workers and shop sales workers on language skills (Annex 55).
¾ As regards the mode of training, self-learning was most preferred, followed by extra-mural courses and in-house training (Annex 56).
(iii) Broad-level consultation with business, labour and related organisations
77. According to feedback from these consultations, Hong Kong’s economic restructuring and China’s accession to WTO are likely to bring about both opportunities and challenges to the local economy.
78. On employment opportunities, professionals, managerial staff and workers with upgraded knowledge and skills would be in a better position to grasp.
For those who resisted change or failed to pick up new skills, their employment prospects would be less favourable. Furthermore, more Hong Kong residents were expected to go for work in the Mainland, where more employment opportunities would be available for those with the necessary language skills, with Mainland experience, and with desire to work across the boundary.
79. On prospects of individual economic sectors, the main views gathered were as follows :
¾ The sectors likely to prosper in the coming years would be those which were more knowledge-based, more technology intensive and with higher value-added content. The more promising ones would include information technology, logistics, high technology, financial services, tourism and e-commerce.
¾ On the other hand, the sectors likely to decline in significance would be the traditional and more labour intensive ones, such as manufacturing, and those support services which are likely to be outrun by modern technology.
80. On outlook of the local economy, the respondents envisaged that this would depend largely on the Mainland’s economic development after China’s accession to WTO and also on the global economic performance, including in particular the growth tempo in the United States. While the respondents generally expected the local economy to improve over the medium term, they were concerned that shortage of talent, high labour cost and high property prices could discourage investment, which could in turn reduce employment opportunities in Hong Kong.
81. On outlook for the local workforce, the respondents generally expected that there would be continuing imbalance between manpower requirement and manpower supply, and some were concerned that the skill mismatch would intensify. Judging from the future job opportunities, higher skill and better educated workers would be the main beneficiaries. On the other hand, those with low skill and low educational attainment would be harder hit. The situation would be aggravated with more companies relocating their support
other junior positions in the local labour market. Some employee groups were particularly wary of unemployment and wage cuts that were likely to be faced by the lower skill and lesser educated workers. Moreover, they were worried that older aged workers would find it increasingly difficult to secure jobs. Some respondents stressed the need for the local workforce to be more flexible and adaptable in order to cope with the emerging changes.
82. The respondents suggested a variety of measures to be taken by employees, employers and the Government to gear in with the new job requirements stemming from economic restructuring. They all pointed out that continuous learning and training would help the local workforce to re-orient towards the new employment opportunities. They considered that employers should facilitate the training of their employees and encourage their employees to pursue further education opportunities. Moreover, they urged the Government to take a more pro-active role to facilitate enterprise and manpower development, through such measures as :
¾ investing in infrastructure and attracting foreign investment;
¾ providing financial and technical support to small and medium-sized establishments;
¾ streamlining government procedures to make them more business-friendly;
¾ formulating long-term manpower policies and promoting life-long learning;
¾ allocating more resources for training and retraining and developing a competence-based qualification framework;
¾ implementing sound education policies to prepare young people for a dynamic, knowledge-based society; and
¾ helping to create jobs by revitalising the manufacturing industry as well as promoting those industries that could absorb more lower-skill labour, such as tourism, logistics, transportation and environmental protection.
Concluding remarks
83. In the present assessment, the growth in overall labour demand over the medium-term period to 2007 is projected to be slightly faster than that in the past five years, while the growth in overall labour supply is projected to slow down, so that there is likely to be a gradually improved overall manpower resource balance. The growth in labour demand is premised on a more steady growth in the overall economy after the current setback, underpinned by enlarged business potential upon China’s accession to WTO and ever closer economic interface between Hong Kong and the Mainland. Extension of labour demand brought about by Hong Kong’s accentuating business activities in the Mainland is going to receive greater interest. Yet concurrently, an increasingly competitive international business environment brought about by globalisation and technological advance will aggravate the mismatch between labour demand and supply, making effective adaptation in the manpower structure all the more essential.
84. Both the quantitative analysis and the qualitative findings in this exercise indicate that labour demand will shift more and more towards the higher education level, with an envisaged significant excess in manpower requirement over manpower supply mainly for persons with post-secondary education and above. Moreover, workers with higher educational attainment and at the upper segment of the occupation hierarchy are generally more optimistic about their job prospect. On the other hand, workers with lesser education and skill are usually found to be less able to cope with changes in manpower demand. This poses an imperative task to the Government and the education and training institutions in regard to manpower planning and provision, in order to strive for an optimal and efficient use of the available human resources and to underpin economic growth.
85. The results from this round of manpower projection, as with those from the last round, should be viewed against the dynamic interactions in the labour market. As such, the various projection results are not that hard and fast, and may better be seen as indicating pressures or tendencies rather than absolute positions. A number of further considerations in this light are relevant.
86. First, the projection of manpower requirement is done in a manner that is free from any constraint from the manpower supply. In other words, it is done on the premise that the future labour supply could cope with the corresponding future labour demand. If the size and composition of the local
vacancies in overall terms and probably more so for particular segments with rather tighter demand, such that some of the labour demand would be left unmet.
On the other hand, if the size and composition of the local labour force outstrips the demand, there will be increased unemployment in overall terms and perhaps also structurally, reflecting that some of the labour supply would be left idle.
Within the overall size, it is important to enhance the adaptability of the local labour force so as to fit the changing labour market conditions and to reap the full benefit of evolving business opportunities.
87. Secondly, where there are prevailing manpower surpluses or shortfalls, the wage mechanism in the labour market will set in towards narrowing the manpower resource imbalance, yet the process of adjustment may take some time.
With a manpower shortfall, the higher wages thus entailed in the segment concerned will imply higher cost of doing business, with ensuing implications for the cost competitiveness of business. With a manpower surplus, on the other hand, the lower wages thus ensued will imply lesser employment income in the segment concerned.
88. Thirdly, a certain degree of substitutability may exist between workers at successive education or skill levels, especially in those segments where suitable on-the-job training is provided or where sufficient work experience can be accumulated. Such substitutability may help to even out imbalances between different related segments as business conditions vary.
89. Fourthly, there is likely to be complementarity from the better educated and higher skill workers towards the lesser educated and lower skill workers. A manpower shortage at the upper spectrum of the labour market, if not duly addressed, could hence extend to jeopardise employment opportunities at the middle and lower spectrum. This is one key aspect of strategic importance underlying the higher level manpower that is everywhere so much sought after.
90. The present projection exercise has taken full account of the results from quantitative projection as well as feedback from the qualitative surveys conducted on households and business establishments and from the consultations with relevant organisations. As for SARS, it is not deemed to exert any distinct impact on the projected manpower requirement over the medium-term period to 2007, since it should have had nil influence on the base year 2001, and since its effect, being regarded as short-term and one-off in nature, may not extend so far as to impinge on the projection benchmark year 2007. In general, recognising the
economic uncertainties that may emerge from time to time on both the external and domestic fronts, as well as the technical margin of uncertainty with a projection exercise of this nature, it is advisable to have periodic review and update of the projection, in order to keep track of the evolving economic situation and developments in the labour market.
---Annex 1
Manpower Projection to 2007 List of associated reports
(A) 2001-based manpower requirement projection by economic sector, by the Census and Statistics Department.
(B) 2001-based manpower requirement projection by occupation category and educational attainment within economic sector, by the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(C) 2001-based manpower supply projection by educational attainment, by the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(D) 2001-based manpower projection for trading and logistics up to 2007, by the Economic Analysis Division in collaboration with the Census and Statistics Department and the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(E) 2001-based manpower projection for tourism up to 2007, by the Economic Analysis Division in collaboration with the Census and Statistics Department and the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(F) 2001-based manpower projection for financial services up to 2007, by the Economic Analysis Division in collaboration with the Census and Statistics Department and the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(G) 2001-based manpower projection for professional services up to 2007, by the Economic Analysis Division in collaboration with the Census and Statistics Department and the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(H) 2001-based manpower projection for the information technology domain up to 2007, by the Economic Analysis Division in collaboration with the Census and Statistics Department and the Education and Manpower Bureau.
(I) Thematic household survey report no. 13 : employment concerns and training needs of the labour force, by the Census and Statistics Department.
(J) 2002 establishment survey on manpower training and job skills requirements, by the Census and Statistics Department.
(K) Report on a broad-level consultation with business, labour and related organisations, by the Labour Department.
Annex 2
Projected manpower requirement
by more detailed economic sector/sub-sector in 2007
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Economic sector/sub-sector Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change
Agriculture and fishing 11 000 0.4 8 400 0.3 -2 600 -23.4 -4.3
Mining and quarrying 200 * 100 * -100 -60.2 -14.2
Manufacturing 212 500 7.0 151 200 4.7 -61 300 -28.9 -5.5
Textiles and wearing apparel
59 200 2.0 34 400 1.1 -24 800 -41.9 -8.7
Other manufacturing industries
153 400 5.1 116 800 3.6 -36 600 -23.8 -4.4
Electricity, gas and water 13 600 0.4 12 600 0.4 -1 000 -7.2 -1.2
Construction 298 500 9.9 307 600 9.5 9 100 3.0 0.5
Wholesale, retail and import/export trades, restaurants and hotels
1 049 600 34.6 1 084 300 33.6 34 600 3.3 0.5
Wholesale and retail trades 303 200 10.0 311 600 9.7 8 400 2.8 0.5
Import/export trade 518 800 17.1 529 200 16.4 10 400 2.0 0.3
Restaurants and hotels 227 600 7.5 243 500 7.6 15 900 7.0 1.1
Transport, storage and communications
362 400 12.0 417 100 12.9 54 700 15.1 2.4
Transport and storage 307 800 10.2 347 700 10.8 39 800 12.9 2.0
Communications 54 600 1.8 69 500 2.2 14 900 27.2 4.1
Financing, insurance, real estate and business services
489 900 16.2 585 500 18.2 95 500 19.5 3.0
Financing 139 900 4.6 154 900 4.8 15 000 10.7 1.7
Insurance 40 100 1.3 56 500 1.8 16 500 41.1 5.9
Real estate 97 300 3.2 112 200 3.5 14 900 15.4 2.4
Business services 212 700 7.0 261 800 8.1 49 100 23.1 3.5
Community, social and personal services
591 600 19.5 655 900 20.4 64 300 10.9 1.7
Community and social services
448 400 14.8 493 200 15.3 44 800 10.0 1.6
Recreational, cultural and personal services
143 100 4.7 162 700 5.0 19 500 13.6 2.2
All economic sectors# 3 029 400 100.0 3 222 700 100.0 193 300 6.4 1.0
Notes : (*) Less than 0.05%.
(#) Excluding foreign domestic helpers.
Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Annex 3
(A) Top 10 highest economic sectors ranked by absolute increase in manpower requirement over 2001-2007
Manpower requirement (No.)
Rank Economic sector
2001 (actual)
2007 (projected)
Projected increase in number
1. Business services 212 700 261 800 49 100
2. Non-Chinese restaurants 97 200 122 900 25 700
3. Construction (excluding on-site manual workers)
218 200 242 800 24 600
4. Land transport 202 000 226 100 24 100
5. Education services and research institutes 136 100 157 900 21 800
6. Insurance 40 100 56 500 16 500
7. Medical and health services 83 500 98 500 15 100
8. Real estate 97 300 112 200 14 900
9. Sanitary services 40 700 53 000 12 300
10. Import/export trade 518 800 529 200 10 400
Total 1 646 500 1 861 000 214 400
(B) Top 10 highest economic sectors ranked by growth rate of manpower requirement over 2001-2007
Rank Economic sector Manpower requirement (No.)
2001 (actual)
2007 (projected)
Projected average annual growth
rate (%)
1. Insurance 40 100 56 500 5.9
2. Communications (other than telecommunications)
21 400 30 000 5.8
3. Sanitary services 40 700 53 000 4.5
4. Non-Chinese restaurants 97 200 122 900 4.0
5. Other sports, cultural and recreational services 29 200 36 800 4.0
6. Business services 212 700 261 800 3.5
7. Services incidental to transport 45 000 54 400 3.2
8. Telecommunications and internet services 33 200 39 400 2.9
9. Medical and health services 83 500 98 500 2.8
10. Hotels and boarding houses 29 000 33 900 2.6
Total 631 900 787 300 3.7
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Economic Sector, Census and Statistics Department.
Manpower Requirement by Economic Sector and Occupation Category, 2001 and 2007 Occupation category Managers and administratorsProfessionalsAssociate professionalsClerksService workers and shop sales workersSkilled agricultural and fishery workersCraft and related workersPlant and machine operators and assemblersElementary occupationsOverall 20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference 300 200- 100--- 100 100@ 100*@**@ 9 200 6 200- 3 000--- 200 100@ 1 100 1 700 600 11 000 8 400- 2 600 (2.5)(2.3){-5.7}---(1.1)(1.1){-4.3}(0.5)(0.5){-4.2}(0.2)(0.2){-4.3}(84.0)(73.6){-6.4}---(1.4)(1.7){-1.6}(10.3)(20.6){7.4}(100.0)(100.0){-4.3} ------**@**@------ 100*@ 100*- 100--- 200 100- 100 ------(10.0)(10.0){-14.2}(10.4)(10.4){-14.2}------(30.6)(30.6){-14.2}(49.1)(49.1){-14.2}---(100.0)(100.0){-14.2} 28 900 22 000- 6 900 11 300 12 300 1 000 33 400 33 700 300 30 200 20 300- 9 900 400 400@--- 35 500 20 000- 15 500 47 100 24 300- 22 800 25 800 18 200- 7 500 212 500 151 200- 61 300 (13.6)(14.5){-4.4}(5.3)(8.1){1.4}(15.7)(22.3){0.1}(14.2)(13.4){-6.4}(0.2)(0.3){-1.7}---(16.7)(13.2){-9.1}(22.2)(16.1){-10.5}(12.1)(12.1){-5.6}(100.0)(100.0){-5.5} 300 400@ 1 800 1 800@ 3 800 3 900 100 1 800 1 400- 400**@--- 3 900 3 500- 300 500 400- 100 1 400 1 200- 300 13 600 12 600- 1 000 (2.6)(2.9){0.5}(13.6)(14.5){-0.1}(28.1)(31.0){0.5}(13.2)(10.8){-4.5}(0.2)(0.2){-1.0}---(28.3)(28.0){-1.4}(3.5)(3.2){-2.8}(10.5)(9.4){-3.2}(100.0)(100.0){-1.2} 16 100 12 700- 3 400 10 800 11 900 1 100 27 400 30 800 3 400 14 300 11 200- 3 200 100 100@--- 175 000 180 100 5 100 11 700 10 600- 1 100 43 000 50 200 7 200 298 500 307 600 9 100 (5.4)(4.1){-3.9}(3.6)(3.9){1.6}(9.2)(10.0){2.0}(4.8)(3.6){-4.1}(#)(#){0.5}---(58.6)(58.5){0.5}(3.9)(3.4){-1.7}(14.4)(16.3){2.6}(100.0)(100.0){0.5} 137 600 152 500 14 900 19 900 24 000 4 200 195 200 253 200 58 000 272 000 227 000- 45 000 290 600 302 600 12 000--- 23 300 23 300- 100 16 300 16 000- 300 94 700 85 700- 9 000 1 049 600 1 084 300 34 600 (13.1)(14.1){1.7}(1.9)(2.2){3.2}(18.6)(23.4){4.4}(25.9)(20.9){-3.0}(27.7)(27.9){0.7}---(2.2)(2.1){-0.1}(1.6)(1.5){-0.3}(9.0)(7.9){-1.6}(100.0)(100.0){0.5} 22 200 31 900 9 700 7 900 10 900 3 000 30 700 45 300 14 600 72 000 71 900- 100 21 200 24 000 2 800--- 13 700 13 700@ 145 400 163 000 17 600 49 400 56 400 7 000 362 400 417 100 54 700 (6.1)(7.6){6.3}(2.2)(2.6){5.5}(8.5)(10.9){6.7}(19.9)(17.2){^}(5.8)(5.7){2.1}---(3.8)(3.3){^}(40.1)(39.1){1.9}(13.6)(13.5){2.2}(100.0)(100.0){2.4} 62 700 78 700 16 000 61 800 83 400 21 700 154 700 209 000 54 300 114 100 95 200- 18 900 1 000 900- 100--- 10 500 8 800- 1 700 3 700 2 400- 1 300 81 500 107 100 25 600 489 900 585 500 95 500 (12.8)(13.4){3.9}(12.6)(14.2){5.1}(31.6)(35.7){5.1}(23.3)(16.3){-3.0}(0.2)(0.2){-1.9}---(2.1)(1.5){-2.8}(0.7)(0.4){-7.0}(16.6)(18.3){4.6}(100.0)(100.0){3.0} 15 800 16 300 500 78 000 90 000 12 000 137 600 161 200 23 700 82 000 88 200 6 200 117 400 133 800 16 400 500 400@ 29 900 29 400- 500 10 200 8 800- 1 500 120 200 127 800 7 600 591 600 655 900 64 300 (2.7)(2.5){0.5}(13.2)(13.7){2.4}(23.3)(24.6){2.7}(13.9)(13.5){1.2}(19.8)(20.4){2.2}(0.1)(0.1){-1.7}(5.0)(4.5){-0.3}(1.7)(1.3){-2.5}(20.3)(19.5){1.0}(100.0)(100.0){1.7} 283 900 314 600 30 800 191 500 234 500 43 000 583 000 737 200 154 300 586 500 515 100- 71 400 430 800 461 700 31 000 9 700 6 600- 3 100 291 800 278 900- 12 900 235 100 225 500- 9 600 417 100 448 300 31 200 3 029 400 3 222 700 193 300 (9.4)(9.8){1.7}(6.3)(7.3){3.4}(19.2)(22.9){4.0}(19.4)(16.0){-2.1}(14.2)(14.3){1.2}(0.3)(0.2){-6.2}(9.6)(8.7){-0.8}(7.8)(7.0){-0.7}(13.8)(13.9){1.2}(100.0)(100.0){1.0} tors.
Annex 4
Manpower Requirement by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment, 2001 and 2007 Educational attainment Lower secondary and belowUpper secondaryMatriculationCraftTechnicianSub-degreeFirst degreePostgraduateOverall 20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference20012007Difference administrators59 60050 800 -8 80071 50064 700 -6 90025 20027 7002 500 8001 000 2007 8007 600 - 20016 80022 3005 50077 600104 60027 00024 60036 10011 500283 900314 60030 800 (21.0)(16.1){-2.6}(25.2)(20.5){-1.7}(8.9)(8.8){1.6}(0.3)(0.3){3.0}(2.7)(2.4){-0.3}(5.9)(7.1){4.8}(27.3)(33.2){5.1}(8.7)(11.5){6.6}(100.0)(100.0){1.7} -- - 4 5003 500 -1 0003 2002 700 - 500-- - 5 4004 000 -1 40016 60017 400 900121 900147 90026 00040 10059 10019 000191 500234 50043 000 -- - (2.3)(1.5){-3.9}(1.7)(1.1){-2.9}-- - (2.8)(1.7){-5.0}(8.6)(7.4){0.9}(63.6)(63.1){3.3}(20.9)(25.2){6.7}(100.0)(100.0){3.4} professionals38 10031 900 -6 200214 600201 900 -12 70066 80079 80013 0003 5003 600 10039 30044 9005 70071 900126 60054 700133 900220 70086 80015 00027 80012 800583 000737 200154 300 (6.5)(4.3){-2.9}(36.8)(27.4){-1.0}(11.5)(10.8){3.0}(0.6)(0.5){0.4}(6.7)(6.1){2.3}(12.3)(17.2){9.9}(23.0)(29.9){8.7}(2.6)(3.8){10.9}(100.0)(100.0){4.0} 114 10091 600 -22 600345 100256 700 -88 40056 50063 9007 4001 000 500 - 50021 70025 6003 90015 70029 50013 80031 80046 60014 900 600 800 200586 500515 100 -71 400 (19.5)(17.8){-3.6}(58.8)(49.8){-4.8}(9.6)(12.4){2.1}(0.2)(0.1){-10.5}(3.7)(5.0){2.8}(2.7)(5.7){11.1}(5.4)(9.0){6.6}(0.1)(0.2){4.2}(100.0)(100.0){-2.1} 239 700229 200 -10 500146 500159 10012 70025 80043 70017 900 700 700 - 4 9007 5002 6003 7007 4003 7009 40013 8004 400 200 400 200430 800461 70031 000 (55.6)(49.6){-0.7}(34.0)(34.5){1.4}(6.0)(9.5){9.2}(0.2)(0.2){0.8}(1.1)(1.6){7.3}(0.9)(1.6){12.3}(2.2)(3.0){6.6}(#)(0.1){9.5}(100.0)(100.0){1.2} 9 2006 400 -2 800 500 200 - 300-- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - 9 7006 600 -3 100 (94.9)(96.4){-5.9}(5.1)(3.6){-11.3}-- - -- - -- - -- - -- - -- - (100.0)(100.0){-6.2} related workers217 300182 800 -34 50054 90061 2006 3007 3008 3001 0003 4007 7004 2005 20014 0008 8001 8002 700 9001 9002 200 300-- - 291 800278 900 -12 900 (74.5)(65.6){-2.8}(18.8)(21.9){1.8}(2.5)(3.0){2.2}(1.2)(2.7){14.4}(1.8)(5.0){18.0}(0.6)(1.0){7.0}(0.7)(0.8){2.7}-- - (100.0)(100.0){-0.8} 185 900170 000 -15 90041 50045 9004 4004 6006 2001 700 500 500@1 1001 800 700 400 300@1 200 800 - 400-- - 235 100225 500 -9 600 (79.1)(75.4){-1.5}(17.7)(20.3){1.7}(1.9)(2.8){5.4}(0.2)(0.2){^}(0.5)(0.8){8.6}(0.2)(0.1){-1.3}(0.5)(0.3){-6.6}-- - (100.0)(100.0){-0.7} occupations348 300340 000 -8 30054 10083 20029 20011 30020 4009 000 600 700 100 8001 300 600 500 900 4001 6001 900 300-- - 417 100448 30031 200 (83.5)(75.8){-0.4}(13.0)(18.6){7.5}(2.7)(4.5){10.3}(0.1)(0.2){2.6}(0.2)(0.3){9.4}(0.1)(0.2){10.0}(0.4)(0.4){2.9}-- - (100.0)(100.0){1.2} 1 212 2001 102 700 -109 500933 100876 400 -56 700200 600252 70052 00010 50014 6004 10086 100106 60020 500127 200207 10079 900379 200538 500159 30080 400124 10043 6003 029 4003 222 700193 300 (40.0)(34.2){-1.6}(30.8)(27.2){-1.0}(6.6)(7.8){3.9}(0.3)(0.5){5.6}(2.8)(3.3){3.6}(4.2)(6.4){8.5}(12.5)(16.7){6.0}(2.7)(3.8){7.5}(100.0)(100.0){1.0} Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding. Figures in 2001 are estimated figures, while figures in 2007 are projected figures. Small figures may be subject to very large estimation / projection error. Figures in ( ) denote percentage shares of individual educational attainments amongst individual occupation categories. Figures in { } denote projected average annual rates of change. Figures exclude foreign domestic helpers. -) Zero figure. Less than 0.05. @) Within ±50. ^) Within ±0.05.
Annex 5
workers and shop sales agricultural and fishery machine operators
Annex 6
Projected manpower requirement for trading and logistics in 2007
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number Number Number % change
Average annual %
change
Trading and logistics 795 300 837 300 42 000 5.3 0.9
Of which :
(a) Trading 591 300 601 700 10 400 1.8 0.3
- Import/export trade 518 800 529 200 10 400 2.0 0.3
- Wholesale trade 72 500 72 500 0.0 0.0 0.0
(b) Logistics 204 000 235 600 31 600 15.5 2.4
- Freight transport 177 300 199 700 22 300 12.6 2.0
- Storage 5 300 5 900 700 12.6 2.0
- Miscellaneous communication services
21 400 30 000 8 600 40.3 5.8
c.f. Total employment in the economy (net of foreign domestic helpers)
3 029 400 3 222 700 193 300 6.4 1.0
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Economic Sector, Census and Statistics Department.
Annex 7
Projected manpower requirement for trading and logistics in 2007
by occupation category
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change Managers and
administrators 126 700 15.9 143 700 17.2 17 000 13.4 2.1
Professionals 17 400 2.2 21 900 2.6 4 600 26.3 4.0
Associate professionals 180 200 22.7 236 200 28.2 56 000 31.1 4.6
Clerks 277 700 34.9 234 100 28.0 -43 600 -15.7 -2.8
Service workers and
shop sales workers 11 000 1.4 10 500 1.3 -400 -3.9 -0.7
Craft and related workers 13 100 1.6 13 900 1.7 700 5.6 0.9
Plant and machine operators and
assemblers 90 700 11.4 102 400 12.2 11 700 12.9 2.0
Elementary occupations 78 500 9.9 74 600 8.9 -3 900 -5.0 -0.8
Overall 795 300 100.0 837 300 100.0 42 000 5.3 0.9
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 8
Projected manpower requirement for trading and logistics in 2007
by educational attainment
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower
requirement in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change
Postgraduate 12 600 1.6 18 800 2.2 6 200 49.1 6.9
First degree 95 100 12.0 144 900 17.3 49 800 52.3 7.3
Sub-degree 31 100 3.9 71 500 8.5 40 400 130.1 14.9
Technician 26 600 3.3 32 600 3.9 6 000 22.5 3.4
Craft 2 000 0.3 2 000 0.2 # -1.1 -0.2
Matriculation 66 300 8.3 78 100 9.3 11 800 17.8 2.8
Upper secondary 326 700 41.1 280 700 33.5 -46 000 -14.1 -2.5
Lower secondary and
below 234 900 29.5 208 800 24.9 -26 100 -11.1 -1.9
Overall 795 300 100.0 837 300 100.0 42 000 5.3 0.9
Notes : (#) Change in number being less than 50.
Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 9
Projected manpower requirement for tourism in 2007
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number Number Number % change
Average annual %
change
Tourism 103 600 146 400 42 800 41.3 5.9
Of which :
(a) Inbound tourism 80 500 118 900 38 400 47.8 6.7
Retail trade 27 500 44 400 16 900 61.6 8.3
Hotels and boarding houses
21 000 27 000 5 900 28.2 4.2
Restaurants 19 500 32 500 13 000 66.8 8.9
Cross-boundary passenger transport
5 900 6 900 1 000 16.8 2.6
Other personal services 6 600 8 200 1 600 23.8 3.6
(b) Outbound tourism 23 100 27 500 4 400 19.0 2.9
Travel agents and airline tickets agents
16 800 21 300 4 400 26.4 4.0
Cross-boundary passenger transport
6 300 6 200 -100 -0.9 -0.2
c.f Total employment in the economy (net of foreign domestic helpers)
3 029 400 3 222 700 193 300 6.4 1.0
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Economic Sector, Census and Statistics Department.
Annex 10
Projected manpower requirement for tourism in 2007
by occupation category
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower
requirement in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change Managers and
administrators 6 500 6.2 10 400 7.1 3 900 61.0 8.3
Professionals 1 000 1.0 1 600 1.1 500 50.3 7.0
Associate professionals 8 500 8.2 15 100 10.3 6 700 78.9 10.2
Clerks 15 700 15.1 17 900 12.3 2 300 14.7 2.3
Service workers and shop
sales workers 52 300 50.5 76 600 52.3 24 300 46.4 6.6
Craft and related workers 3 000 2.9 3 700 2.6 800 25.6 3.9
Plant and machine operators
and assemblers 6 200 5.9 6 700 4.6 500 8.5 1.4
Elementary occupations 10 500 10.2 14 300 9.8 3 800 36.3 5.3
Overall 103 600 100.0 146 400 100.0 42 800 41.3 5.9
Note : Figures may not add up to exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 11
Projected manpower requirement for tourism in 2007
by educational attainment
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower
requirement in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change
Postgraduate 600 0.6 1 100 0.8 500 85.9 10.9
First degree 7 100 6.8 11 700 8.0 4 700 66.0 8.8
Sub-degree 2 100 2.1 5 700 3.9 3 600 168.3 17.9
Technician 2 500 2.4 4 000 2.8 1 500 60.8 8.2
Craft 300 0.3 400 0.3 100 40.7 5.9
Matriculation 7 300 7.1 14 600 9.9 7 200 98.5 12.1
Upper secondary 36 700 35.5 49 300 33.7 12 600 34.4 5.0
Lower secondary and below 46 900 45.3 59 400 40.6 12 500 26.7 4.0
Overall 103 600 100.0 146 400 100.0 42 800 41.3 5.9
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 12
Projection of manpower requirement for financial services in 2007
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number Number Number % change
Average annual %
change
Financial services 180 000 211 500 31 500 17.5 2.7
Of which :
(a) Banks 77 400 82 000 4 700 6.0 1.0
(b) Investment and holding companies; stock, commodity and bullion brokers; and miscellaneous financial services
62 500 72 900 10 400 16.6 2.6
(c) Insurance 40 100 56 500 16 500 41.1 5.9
c.f. Total employment in the economy (net of foreign domestic helpers)
3 029 400 3 222 700 193 300 6.4 1.0
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Economic Sector, Census and Statistics Department.
Annex 13
Projected manpower requirement for financial services in 2007
by occupation category
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower
requirement in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change Managers and
administrators 34 600 19.2 44 200 20.9 9 600 27.7 4.2
Professionals 11 800 6.5 16 200 7.6 4 400 37.4 5.4
Associate professionals 67 000 37.2 93 300 44.1 26 200 39.1 5.7
Clerks 60 700 33.7 52 900 25.0 -7 800 -12.8 -2.3
Service workers and shop
sales workers 200 0.1 100 0.1 -100 -33.3 -6.5
Craft and related workers 400 0.2 400 0.2 # -0.7 -0.1
Plant and machine operators
and assemblers 1 000 0.6 800 0.4 -300 -26.4 -5.0
Elementary occupations 4 200 2.4 3 600 1.7 -600 -15.0 -2.7
Overall 180 000 100.0 211 500 100.0 31 500 17.5 2.7
Notes : (#) Change in number being less than 50.
Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 14
Projected manpower requirement for financial services in 2007
by educational attainment
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower
requirement in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number % share Number % share Number % change
Average annual %
change
Postgraduate 12 500 6.9 19 300 9.1 6 800 54.4 7.5
First degree 43 700 24.3 67 600 32.0 24 000 54.9 7.6
Sub-degree 9 100 5.1 18 400 8.7 9 300 102.6 12.5
Technician 6 100 3.4 6 600 3.1 500 8.1 1.3
Craft 300 0.2 500 0.2 200 56.1 7.7
Matriculation 21 500 11.9 26 600 12.6 5 100 23.9 3.6
Upper secondary 70 200 39.0 59 600 28.2 -10 600 -15.1 -2.7
Lower secondary and below 16 700 9.3 12 900 6.1 -3 800 -22.7 -4.2
Overall 180 000 100.0 211 500 100.0 31 500 17.5 2.7
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Occupation Category and Educational Attainment within Economic Sector, Education and Manpower Bureau.
Annex 15
Projected manpower requirement for professional services in 2007
Actual employment
in 2001
Projected manpower requirement
in 2007 Change in 2007 over 2001
Number Number Number % change
Average annual %
change
Professional services 126 200 156 500 30 300 24.0 3.7
Of which :
(a) Legal services 15 500 20 500 5 000 32.3 4.8
(b) Accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services
17 100 22 400 5 300 31.0 4.6
(c) Information technology related services
27 100 37 600 10 500 38.6 5.6
(d) Engineering services (not related to construction and real estate activities) and business management and consultancy services
27 800 31 300 3 500 12.5 2.0
(e) Advertising and related services 19 400 22 500 3 000 15.6 2.4 (f) Architectural, surveying and
project engineering services related to construction and real estate activities
19 200 22 300 3 000 15.7 2.5
c.f. Total employment in the economy (net of foreign domestic helpers)
3 029 400 3 222 700 193 300 6.4 1.0
Note : Figures may not add up exactly to the total due to rounding.
Source : 2001-based Manpower Requirement Projection by Economic Sector, Census and Statistics Department.