歐洲共同體國家選舉制度之比較

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(2) :me. Dieter Nohlen, Wahlsy~t(lm der Welt: Dat(ln ~ Anoly,.n, (MU1)chen,.~ R. Piper & Co, Verlag); UY1S, p.48ff.. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. f!11.~1!(_~~/iii J ~~~ii( "~.f!11.~.ijt.I\fi. r .~~• • .J (first pass the pOst) ~ r.••~• .\IR J (winner takes all ) ~~$( .~ ~it~~..I..j~1I:1!If!11.-R"h:{~I!I~" 1€t#!:$i• •~ ( ~.II) l5:.~-I:ti~" lI.lt~~~~~ ~/iii(~~.~~~)~~~~~~.~~._~$~~O . ~.~11+111l!!jgI~H.I!I~~f!11.~~*." @)4Jl!!I1~~~.t:~.~ Cinaprity) f!11.1;l:1 .. *«*"~r--..lI¢~~~~tI!< III ' ~I!I ,,~*+< ' ~~jgI."~~. 1 fJm~I~~iIi~.f!11.1;l:1 ( pl~~l maprity ) -N*" .. 1;l:1• •nr!D ( Assemblee Na tionale )f!11." ii(~~.1 ~J~~1lE.~.$iili~.f!11.1;l:1 (absolute maprity) J.1Il~*«~~+~(l!!I!I~" iii(~~4l1.~.t: ~$~~~ i1lpJ~ll!1~~~.~~It~.~~ .. .s1.q:t~.Jlr--<.~~_~nr!1+l o~B?I.~{~~4:tif!11.~9\!!J~*" .. ~ill~:\t<~f;l, <~P-:l ' ~<~~~~ii( \ P-:lB?l._fpJ~111!1~~~.!lJ~~~~ " ~.~.-R"h:{~.I!!fil.~.~. " -m:r~~~~_~.~~\$>. ~ifio. 0. ..... *«... _~~~~~~~ll!1~.~~.~.lI¢~.~~.ifi~.~~~ifio.~~.~.~f!11.1;l:1.~$~~~.~ , ~~.~~".s1r~*~~J~~~~.*.~~.~ • • O$~-I:tinr!1+l~.~9\!!J~*""f!11I!!fil.~.*.~_.r~~l5:. J .~.JIJt1~ lE!~jgI-Rnr!1+l~~I!I~-I:ti~{p"!f!11.-R1;l:1" ~~f!11.~*ilf ...~~Ii~f!11l!!filii~~<--ila'ill~~g~~ \$>W _~iIi.je+l1l!!.IIDI(I!I~III• • • " ~t-.tI!< ,,1;l:11lEII~~~~.~-R"h:{ .. *«~in~~.t:~~~~ • •1;l:1o$i+<~.~111 0. ••. ... ~~.~ • • ~-N~~ ".~$~.{P..!~ ,. ~.i1iIlDl(f!11dHl1H'l!l€~\t!i _ . *" ill~~;t:i• •~~.~~.1;l:1" .~.~.Ja.~~~$~:l<~" .#!:~~~!il• .p:J<~f;l-~/iii~~~" -R*m9\!!J~1£~/iii~. ,,:!!~.~~nga:II!!-I:tiD*"in~-m:rrrJ~~111tt-< l. 0'. '. '". 0. .~.".~._~~~~.~".s1~~~.l~~.1;l:1o*«*"*1+l~~~IE!~~ . . . .~~.JIJt1~~.~~.~~ o ~~~ • •~~-I:ti ~1i5:1!I~.g: ...~.~.~a!." ~tIl;~-I:ti~~..I..j~9\!!J~it~... ~.~B?llt{QJ.~~~~~Ii5:~~. ~*..I..j " jgI-RI!I~~~~ti~*lle:~1I:I!I• •-R1;l:1 ~~~~~. ~.g,(l&l. ' ~e::.fjII(~$.!.~ .lii'ill~a!ti~lle: ~~.-R"h:{ " liit:!!Ii5:.~~~~~~~.~I!I~ " ;t:i;[:I~ • •~• • •~1:$~/iii~r ~:!A'.~.J (effect of dispropOrtion )"*«• •IE!... ~t-.it~f!11!Sl.~~II:t-"~IiIlE-R"h:{• • •iital;1;l:1~;t:i;t:i~~.~.~/iiilt~;8i~*o*-P<• •-NlllI~" P-:l~~!ilill~iIi~I!I~~~.~~*".~*~~~.~Ii5:~~.o ~. ~. J III1. ....~~It1ilI~llR·HH:R;e!I.~W:iii.1 1+IIll!!!! ··lIlIil Dieter NohI~n, Wahlrechtund Parteiensystem, (Leverkusen: Leske & Budrich), 1986, p. 108 -troml!1~~1ilI~ItI4fq!.lIIt4tl"1 1+ I .lii'!It!lIItllR4+liR;e!I··lIlIil Arend Lijlhart, Democracies: Patterns of MajJritarian and Co~nsU8 Government in Twenty-one Countries, (New HaventLondon: Yale University Press), 1984. jjf~:!:KIi:.IlII~ •••~N-H. . ~..

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(18) .~ <>. ~l!II'\ttS.:I!W~~aDallll~ ~. 1lR91 • •;;Ig• •. .. uuuu. \. 15.mJ(lK~~295I1H. t,;:.. ... 1.. <> J.!!J 1 .~ii.~,* (m-1001 ' ~1016 ' N1001 ' lK1296( 943 +353 J ) ~ ~~lK~~_.i5l:~~f!Q-< <> ~1t " -m~~tWgj 1296-1001 ) 31mlii'\I!I:• • ~ $1EB:!_it~4tI.HI~$l~~ ( 569 +310) ~ ~.1,Ig~!J\!1J-;Jl!Q:gro82. <> ~'* .. ~..,. \l!l:5.~*~~.~.~.~EB:!~~~J-;Jl!Q:_.~I~~~-<o. 0. • ~r.~.~~.1,Igj~ii.~~~~• • ~EB:!~~I!!I~ii~mJ(.$~I!!!il.~._~it.~*:t:\lB!1l~o~• •.mr~I~ 111liJt-nr;~~ 1 ~.~'M ~ ~~ ( 1 ~11111~ 1 ~111H=liJt-) ~.$~I!!I.~~. ~ .~-tJ~~.y~ ~ 1 ~i5l:-tJiJt--N~ffiUg4tl~ _111~H=l~ ( ~1JI+111 ) ,o~~11l[-N ~ +<~I!!I:w{~ff~~~l!tJIl~.;jjE~ ~~f' ~ ~• •\lB!1l~ii~!J\!1~i5l:+ l' ~~1!!I~.r13 ' 4.r13 ,,5.r15 <>@ .. ~,~_~~.~~~~~s~*~~. 62.5~) ·~~fiR~~.liS~~11+-tJ~~.~~r. ~lE1n[ ~ ~.-l:ti••-a-~*,_+H~~~Il~'M~~" ~·I ~ ~.ffl(l>('IIQ.;jjE~.~~~itK: ~ ~-m'IIQl!I.-'-H-• •~ ~ §:.Jif.~ r ~H<*,. j ( earned maprities) "~11 ~ ~.~'IIQ.~.~'MlEl!& ~ §:.~~ r ~H<*,. j (manufacture d maprities) o·@IfiI~~$str~~. ( Douglas Rae ) mj-~ 1 ~K -tJlItitit:ll)!; ~D-a-+<~$~.~~*,.~-i6~.EB:! ~ 31m . . ~~~~-N~. '~~1n[-N .: ~.5.~'MliS~'Ii!!~ff~. ( disproportion ) ~. ~ ~.$~.liS.~-i6mJ(~ • • III!:~~l:ii~ +< <> ~.~fi .1 ~§IH=liJt-~ 1 ~1(H=liJt-III!:4tliltl1+~IlI~liS.a!J\!1~ 1 1 -tJ-i6'IIQ. ~ ~t.l;:~~~~$ <> ~~H=llti'~~~ ~ ~.~~~§I+1I11l~,* ~ ~-a-l!!~+Kllll!~ ( 37.5~) ~~.~~ • •:W{~*,_ilf-i6~~ ~ lE~• •·~.5.~1,Ig~~ -tRH<*,_ j~.~-a- ~ ~~+. r ~H<~. j ~lii'i1~ ~ i1$Z1D!:1Il!l!11+-tJ1l(. r ug:.ffug:~ j mJ( r·~.1l@-mJ(~~1l@-ff~f$ j ~~. <> ~X'lJ1.!!J~1S~:fi}:tK ~ .~~~-P<.~I!:I!:.. -tJ~(~~).EB:!~.I~l!I~*,.~~.;jjE~o~~*-m • •~~~*~~~~~'~~IlI~~~*,• •~*.~~~. ~'M ~ *,*,~-E:\~~~~. ~~~~£"~.~~,*~.~~~~I!~~~<>. _~~~~~~IlI~ffug:~~.;jjE~~~~~~*,.~~.1,Ig.~~~~~~~$~~.~~~lii'~~~~~~~~+< ~. 111~. ~ P. Mckee; "The Republic of Ireland", V. BogdanorfD. B~t1er (eds), Democracy and Elections: Electoral Systems and Their Consequences, New York, 1983, p. SO. . :I@ E. Jesse, "Wahlsys~m~ und Wahlrecht," q>. cit., p. 176. ~ Douglas W. Rae, The Political Cfnsequences of Electoral Law.8, (New HavenfLondon:'yale University Press), 1967, p. 74££.. if$~l!5:.HI~ ••a!k!N±1~. ..

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