家庭因素和學業表現對我國國小學童視力保健與運動行為之影響

ttr

1:. ~ 1f ~ ~

m

21WI •m1-18J{ •~!'.I934'-6Fl Journal of Health Education

No.21, pp.1-18. June 2004

:ill:

~JL$!-il

fJri"

~ Jt~

E

1ltr

i;;~ j~ ~ ~ ,j, ~

i:

r,lf1i111Ji,,l.

-t

ag 1t-*.

r..

,:>¥!

0

*,bJf-

~

ag Eag

~~~A'~4~1t-:t~~J~AI7 ~»t

g] -t:tt*

~

+

tF '

i'iJf-~-:ti:~JL.1J 1*1t~il:fhH- ~zJJ

~o,bJf-~**~~~~~~~.~~rnM~~M~~.*±~ag1t-*.H-A~EoM~.

ili.~~~~&~4~.'&B~.~.o~~91Jf-9A~IIA~~~~o,bJf-~*~

))..Ji

:l.{tb*~#1:±: i;~ j~~ 5800..t 3 ~ 6 Jf-~

-:ti:1t

$,

ffiJl/tlf'-it

83.21

%'

A

4826f~0

j-;ft,,:,(~ti1!!.tf

(Multiple

Regression) 0"-~,If

-:t i:

z

~ ~ ~JJL;f17 ~»t

g] -t;f17

J1:t

~;{t{f AZ~B

~~~o,bJf-~M**~'.i:4.1J*1tffA~il:fhffAI~~~~o~4.1J*1tH-A~ ~A~B~.1Jagg]-t~:~i:~~A~~~'.i:.~~~~~M~·~k*~ag4.1J *1t{fA~~k_*~~*~.1J*1tffA~.~U~o~~il:fhH-A~Ii1A~B~.1Jag g]-t~:~i:~~A~~~·.i:.~~ag.~M~·~k*~agil:fh{fA~~k.* ~~*agil:fhffA~.~U~o~~~~M*'A$~.i:ag4.1J*1t$!-il:fhH-~'~ .-:ti:~~~t4.A~#&'T.~M.~.~il:fh'~~'~$~

• •*4.1J*1t

~il:fh~a.'~M~.~~~*ag1t-*.H-A~,~

• •

~*~ag1t.ff~o

.

~ll~.~~*~~~~~*~~

..

~ll~.~~*¥ft±fH~~'f#~~WU4~

...

f.L.llYJJi'EfE71mYJJ~~Mi

imm

{'F~ :Jtij&~

{1X.~ls~{J\f1!~*fljjj Jean Piaget l¥J~m

'

~jtiE~~Jit.ft~~Jm (7-11 ~) , ~

i!l¥Jffr±1f3t{tlimW*~~*fC1f~'f;lt&{S~D~~ (5i~$ ,

1994)'

i&;1t*~~:tj!OJij~

1f~.;1tfi.~~o~~~~~m~• • ·*~• •~g&*~~.~~~.~~~

i!~JJ[f@L~Hr.

(

Schou, Currie & McQueen,

1990 ;

'Jif.klG '

f*jE\$ ,

'Ji:ijt~

,

~i&it

'

!i'J.~

,

3:.Y;J]~ , *~~$lD

'

1990 ;

3:.Iiffi3 '

1995 ;

3:.*~I

' 3:.Iiffij1 ,

f*"Tfj~

,

gtp{~~ ,

~1e!a

' 2000)

0 *jgl¥J~~W*~{51Tra~l¥JfEl~

,

1f1r'ff~~@l*~I¥JnX;~

,

MLIDijJ~m

Tra~A"JlIl1J <; Maccoby

(1984)

&{S.:x:-aW~~:WHP<~l¥JlIl1J~-=-M~{t

: m-M.:X:

-am~M'~~~~I¥J~M,~m.¥~'Y;J]~&~~~~

• •~*$ffil¥J~~om

=M~.~WM,~mT~~+=~Z~'~MI¥J:x:-a~RSI¥J~.~'~.&~.

m.l¥Jfi.'~ffl~~I¥J~~~M,~~m.~a~.l¥Jn~'ML

• •

~W~M~~

~.*.~o.-=-~~~i!'W~~m~M,m+=~~kl¥Jmft,:x:-a_.~~1¥J

.~~~.~W~~~B~~'~.~~~~.I¥J~~n~o~kOJ~'~~M~

•

•

1£:x:-al¥Jijr~&~.~

,

~.MnX;EIBI¥J~JJHT.~~

,

i&~~:x:-aBijMIHjttt~

Wl¥Jfi.m~'ML.w.~&~~I¥J~~'W~~~~.**l¥Jfi.~~~~~*1¥J M~'~~OJ~*~W~~~i!I¥[email protected]¥J~.I¥J~~tto

• •

g~

(2001)

~;1t

r

~~f@m~J1!gt.J epr~~

,

lli:ff~&~!WJ;I:/f')E~~S~

~~if~ff~l¥Jrc,a 0 ~.lli:ijj~..l1t'!U¥rWJ1l~~

kTt- '

lli:~~gilil~Jttt7Dm~ 0 ffij~

m~m~

• •

~,ml1J~~~~,.ftm!WJ~~1fffiW.~,~~ftRnBm.~,

ffijM~~.~~f@m

0

t)~~.8Uztlli:ff~rc,a&~l1JfT

• •

~M

:

- ,

~~3lIfJ!rc~~

lli:~~~.~~~~-~Mml¥Jf@m~~'/f'~m~A~~~'ili~~lli:~~~

1¥J~~~~Y;J]{tl¥J~~

,

PJTt)~glli:ff~l¥JtC$?fF¥f~~~Tt-rWJl¥Jm~ 0 ~.tiETii~.

1¥J~~~f@ffigm~'~~~69~• •$l¥Jr~~~~~f@~~m~J~~'~~B =+~~'ffij~.~~I¥Jlli:~,~~~~~.o~fii&~~~~~~~*g~M.1¥J

~~'M:~~JHl*:fj\t~IDijJ~(#~*

'

2003) ,

*B*~iG

:

1983

~~

,

/J\~-~m~~1¥J

U[i!!&fi$1J! 4% '

~~mt0/f'¥tl

40% ;

~~~

89

~l¥Jm1i~mEfTm!JIDM~jifl~U~

JI. '

~/j\-~mB~ 20%1¥Jlli:~$

,

¥tl~~m~urWJ~ 60%1¥J~~~lli:~rc,m 0 ~ep

.

-f',§Jc:p~~B"Jllijltc$ZJFff£zlWB"J60-70% ' itt1Jo~m:lliB"J80% 0

~AWllijlB"J~~'illW~ftrllijl.~@*~~J~~r~~.~~~~mJ

~~fi~

,

WGWJ~mWJ~JM~J.tX~[1

r

ftEi3~J] (~i'j) ~~

J

0 mPJ~~

,

~!llim'~te mllijl~~~m'fu~$~~'~*~frm~~B"Jjln~~I~o~.'~~§rr$

U!tl~~Att~

,

{S~lEm~~1i~~B"J~PJi!~-~Nlli:ff~ 0 ~ grlli:ff~t~B"J~/\Ef

J.l

~~B"Jlli:jlo§lW~~~B"J~W~~~D~.~~mm:lli:jl~#

• •

Z~@*~m,

OO~~~lW~~~~~lE~~itt~B"J~*olli:jlN~~~'~~~~~~lE~~~; m~~gritt~,~~~it1f~¥I'~~m~fu1f~1~f5t~'~ffij~~i5lmjl~JJl~J.' ~m$m~'~~$~~,e~.'.*~~M.~,.~~~o.~~'/\EfN~

~lli:jlEi3~~~mHI~Jlj:

,

~~kM~~HLl¥Jmt$~-iN:lE~

AB"J

60 ffl(#~*,2003)0

OO'M'~al!f~~B"J~Jllli:~ftmc:p.~Z~ '~Pf.'3{J!iADB"J 12%; ¥U~-=If.f

'

Bitt~

20%; *~~B"J~Nlli:iiiW.~1T$J!7t~~30% 0 Ei3ltt-ar~ ,~grlli:jl~~~~A~~flA

Z±~ 0 PJTPJ~~lli:jl1fYJJ{tB"Jm~:E~~~1JDPJ~~!I.

'

~*mA

r

+

AfL~

J

~~~

~~§ ~ft! (~i&bi:

'

2002) 0

&~lli:jl~.~-ar@~Z~m~~,m~~~K~~jlnAA~~.~~'~~$

1f~1Ti&~~~W' ~i&$~1ifqj&~W,*,mi&R1it( r1Jo~!J!1ijln~~1i1f~t.J'

ff

~~OO~~~~I~'~~~~C:P.~~~~~~~1f~1Tr~~iiiW.n~~~*.~

~~J (~~m

'

1999) 0 lli:jl.~1f~~/J\

,

1Jo7*~N~'I*

'

~m~Jllli:ff~B"JIt$~

~

,

~~~~B"JIt1fit~* 0 ~t6( , lli:iiiW.B"J~m~ff£/J\1i'f(m

'

;@~~~.~C:Pl'f9smll

~!f!~Jl~mmno

~~~~1ljln~~I~c:pB"Jm~A~Z-,#m~,~*~,#~*,~~~, ~jfHl{- (1998) ~~~jl~1izm~@*~*B"J~W!rDJ{*,

'

i€i~lli:jl9HIf$&~W!Iil"

~m:1fra~~W;mrH11*,

'

~~~lli:~B"Jm:~J*~ 0 OOm~f§IJII~~~fl~ti (Mongolia)

~~~1lMm~n.m&~~B"JJ*~&~1T$,~*.mm~~*~27%'~1iIf.fWJ .~B"JAA~pJT2J~B"J~17% ' OO~ 48%B"JJ*~~~m~, WG~*§~1&7(Iii~~~*

(Bulgan & Gilbert, 2002)0 Ei3.L-J-~)(~-ar~

,

~:!llli:ff~B"J~~

,

?t7(j1f$~-${5}

,

~~7(~~ZJF~m:~B"J~.~*oX~~~lli:jltt$~~m~m-'lli:~~~I~~

J!~m~&fflo

m~~~~n~~B"Jm:~~: r~Ylli:jlm~$J~r~~lli:~B"JJl~J'ftm:~

B"J~

r

~~~~T~!f!.~~ff~J (~i&bi:

'

2002) ;

pJTPJ '

~~1l&!f!.~$UTI'f9~

='

~~iii1Jfjf.m

~ 1980

if.{-tm '

i!.mm~fIg (related-health physical fitness) , ~p~t!tW~~0~ ~~I{'FJ5JTIII§i¥Jm.~~t~J~liz- 0 tJ~~~19ll'

;!t.0lC

2000if.~~i!.m§~(National

health objectives for year 2000)

epSAn r

{fE~~m$I1JWm~fIgJ ~m.J!i¥J §~Z- 0

• •

$~~~~+Aif.BR~~mW'Um~~~m~~m.J!§~'~.lli.if.,a

J&fi~m~ijg$I1Ji¥Jm.ff~!JitI1ER

'

{fEfflG~ [Jgi!.mm~fIgZjUlf~

tJ_m

0 m$~l1Jfi

~lIlt~lm

'

IL,lm..t.i¥Ji!.m~:fi.jf~~

,

fi~mjfd:1rrro§ , ~11J~1lJ~j;~W3B~

,

~~tt1rfflG*o~rro~I1Ji¥JAD~~~~$:fi~m~,~zrro*i¥J~~~mm.~m.i¥J

tt$!tj1Jo '

'tttEW3Ji£'-:1fif.~JW~iT~{~

,

~Ai¥JmfIg#j\t~J!:fi~1ti¥Jm~ (fia~m

.~ji1r

'

1999)0

~/j\~1i1lJm.'I1~

,

l£l!tIf.fWlJ5JT~:lLi¥J~IM~.~

,

fi**~IL'BR

'

~11J~~i¥J

~:lL&~I1J~mi¥J.fflG'~:fi~~i¥J~.o~1il£-~Zep~m$I1Ji¥J~1r'~~~ 1:E~~epi¥J~~~gffim.~If.f~'~~~i¥JIf.f~&~*'~Bi¥JIf.f~ol£~~epi¥J 1f.f~'~:fii¥J~1iW~~:fi~~i¥J$I1J~~(~~m:fi~~~~m~:fi~W3:1f):l£~ ~~&~*'~Bi¥JIf.f~'~1i~tt1r.mi¥J~.tt!tj~,ml1J~~~~m.,m~

tf~1t

'

~~I{'F'Ht

'

~~ID!~~~.

'

{,@fj!~1i~&:fi3i:~i¥J.J5JT1lJ{3t$11J

'

fu

fl~A3i:mm,~~m,~vm,~.m~fi~~M~'.RlIA~~'~:1fm~~ m*.~fi~m~~§~~ml1J~~,~l!t~fflG~1i$I1J~1r~j;,g~~I1J~~~

(~~m$l1J~ ~J5JT5 rmi¥J~W3) i¥Jml£~.~~ 0 f!HfJif'llC~tJJ\+-t~if.NEJ

_~m~R~~~aMR'~~~~~~~~i!.m~$M~,~m:~l1Jfi~'~M

mlW '

IL'lmE1J~~

,

~~~tl&.¥JJi¥Jfj!mW!'i}iBiJj

,

~~t@1l&3,660{5}ro~~ 0

1£

~lWfi~~~~®'~~~

• •~:fi~~~I1J~~:1fl£r~~~l!tJ&r.m~l!tJ

i¥Jtt$m

55.6% (Jif'llC~

,

1999)0 E13tJ..t.1(fl1lJ~~/j\~.i¥J~I1J~m

'

~m~~

lm~

,

**ff!1J059H~:~~mJ!i¥J~Jm 0

~[Jg:fiIHl)(.mfi~.~l1Jfim~.i¥JUlfJ'C~~j;~'~~i¥JUlfJ'Cmte)(.affi~W

~1iep~~N~.mlW (MVAP) :fif~1Dl

'

)(.amfi~1i~Wep~N~m$lWi¥Jw~:fi

~~ff::tE (Kimiecik & Hom, 1998)' ;K.)(.mi¥JlGIfmfi~fi~1i~ft$I1J~:fiD~~.

(Deflandre, Lorant, Gavarry& Falgairette, 2001)' rrow~.~'I1JJllz)(.afi;!t.~ft$11J

.Afl~.1J(Yang, Telama& Laakso, 1996)' {B~:fi3tlUl1Jte)(.ai¥J~ftmI1JW~1i

~UR'1f.$.1II(Dempsey, Kimiecik& Hom, 1993) 0 Blair& Meredith (1994) mte~

.ft~i¥J~J!§i¥J~.~~.&.j;if.~~'~NW~~i!.m~$~~~~i¥J~~o

-ffij

)]J~Wl~1iiE {@~~~ ff8"J~ ~

,

w~JE~8"JilIiJWm~figwl[~~*~¥U.~Jfft)f)~ ~ff~* 0 ~ltt

'

)]Jf5t)Jd~~~Bfigm~)]Jjtmfigt(j~

,

ii.~Jm)]J1i~tlf8"J

• •

II~

fig ,

&'fig{~J~1i~'rl~.~mfig 0

*~1£~/J\)]Jjt8"J~mt:pt71M:m~~fg

,

ft!!fr~1£*~t:p)]J~f~{jj~£.j8"Jrrm

'

~

£.j8"J.~&.W~ft!!~~.@ft-a8"J~.o~£.j8"J~m~~~.~~~~~rr.8"J m~~*'.An~8"J~~~~,-~*~~~m~T~8"J~~~~&~~~.'~

J!:9mliJ1=iJfig~~m!lN~J.i

'

~ffij~.ff~1J

;

531100 '

g

1Jtn~~1=iJfig~~llilllJ~rm

'

~~illIJ.8"J~JEo~~,~~*~~*~~*~~)]J~)]J~~m,*~*~rr.~ fB~~T~rr.1¥J.~~T~8"J~.75f!~g~ 0 ~.*ffi:8"J~J.i1=iJfig~.)]J~~~~ 8"J~J.i'~~~*~8"J~~~~~~~~mili~~~~~8"J~~o*~~§8"Jfttn7 m~/J\t:p

,

~1ff&~~ff~1J{~jH~&illiJrr.8"Jl~?5l

'

~li~~*~~*W~~~~~ ~~~~~1J~.'~lIJrr.8"J~~'U~~~~jt.mrr.,~um~*~8"J.m ~m~~,~~.**.m~m~~~W~Jmz~~o

- ,

pff~!~~

:

*~~tJ

90

~1fJ.i~~tn-EJ.~lii ~0fl:lL~/J\Z-=~7\1f*&~m~jt.£.jM

1m '

tJfR*&.1B3f~¥{ft~1j~~0 ~~~{1XJ~lJ.UL~~-EJ.J~~IJJ7t.-EJ1!l~~tlii

(

~

¥l5im '

-EJ~t\\\~

,

ljE!Il\\W- ' *JTt'rm '

*JTt'r\\\~:&EE~\\\~

) ,

-EJ.~epWi

(i3-aepm ' aep

~,~~~,m~~'~*~)'-EJ.~m~(~~~$,a~\\W-'-EJm$'-EJm\\W-,

~mJ~~

,

~.~&J~nl~~~)' -EJ1!l~*~ (~1nJiIi~

,

1E~~&-EJ*~)' -EJ~t$&~

.$~7\1iJJ~m: 0 1B3f~AI!I:~t~{*,~~t!tw.fti~*fl.~±~

,

:ff

28

{~~*~WZ Health

Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC)~. (WHO Regional Office for Europe,

1998

)Z~~,,L-J. 95%8"JlliM~ra~1JD~ 3%8"J~~{@'

:R*tJ 1.4

8"J~~t~~f*,l!1:( design effect) , ~fii~t

75%8"J@]m:$ ,

~~1f*&1B3f~

1,450 A '

~1B3fI5,688

A

0 ~*Hl1B3f~1J

~~~jii~~~

(2003)

Z~~ 0

=,

pff~I~:

(1990)

~W~;J\!¥1iOO!m1T~~~~liJf~

,

pq~~t5PJT~$B-

:

13~Jl1f

(1)

Wet

it

AO!¥~Jj~O

: tt53U ' if-;w' ,

~.

'

~~~W~Jl

'

~~Jflft~ 0 &~~~X:£3:['g]fl:

'I~%

(2)

!¥jj:~~~HW.129~

:

~t5!¥1i13~~.~Uw.&W13al¥J!¥~~~

,

B-53UPJ1i

~~~&~~.~*ITB-,mB-~~'~~13~~.~m~~'W13al¥J!¥~M~~ ~ 0

(3)

~JM129~

:

~t5

:

X:£3:W!¥Jl~¥U~*!¥~~l¥J!¥~~~~*~M~~Tl¥J ZfS~!¥~~.mJl 0 B-53UJ,~~!Jjil:~&1i!Jj:il~ITB-

'

f~B-~~

,

~~*~W~1il¥J *~~~~~~~'WZfS~~~~~M~fu~~o~~'~~*~l¥J~n~OO!'~~ IT~'~&W~~~nW~~l¥J~~~Il'~~1i!Jj~~ITB-'B-~~~~'~~~ Jlff~~~~~Il~~o~~Jl~~~~l¥J~n*OO!&~~ff~mJl.~'~$~n

~00!1f

8 m '

ii~IT~1f

6 M '

~IT~l¥J~JjT§'~ r

t'£*

J ~ r*"~J ~~~ ,

B-53U

J,~ r1J ~ r

4

J

B-rrB- '

*"B-{-t~~~~l¥Jff~

,

B-~~~

,

~OO!mIT~~~ 0 ~~

~~$ffi'rnmm~w~-~~~@~,~~~~@*~*~~~,~~~m*~l¥J

£*jI~o

rQ~~ffiIlB-fJTJJf1H~lE~limi~pJTl&~ZjI~~1Tpq$-¥!l:'[j:B-fJT 0 ffiYln*OO!~~

~1f

8M '

;tt.

Cronbach

a

fOO:~

.78 ;

~~1T~il:~~1f

6 M '

Cronbach

a

foo:~

.82

0 ~

~*liJf~miUffiIl~ra,~m~R*limiU

'

PJ;ruf&m~lim~UpJT~zB-~mruJ{II*~miU

ffiIl

0 ffiYln*00!&~~1T~B-:fi~~miUffiIlT§'~

.83,

M7G*liJf~~pq1:E-ft[j:&m

~iU~~f§~~)£ 0

- ,

tiR~!1~f±flAD~~r~£'1ffi

:

*liJf~J,~[ffJ~/J\~=~t\if-m!¥~~1TrQ~~~~

,

m~*ij{~rQ~~f&*"rr@!&1f

~rQ~~

4,826 f51'

@]!&~~

85%

0 liJf~fJ*$~~f~

48.1% '

:p:~f~

51.6% '

PJt\if-m~ 32.4%f~~~ 0 1:E~JLt

'

J,~*~~1¥JA~~~

,

f~~$fl*l¥J

68.0% o1:E!¥1i

*~l¥J~W~Il~::k~~~$

(Jflft)

~~

,

f~

37.4% '

::k~

OJ)

PJ~~~~f~24.9

%,@~ 0 *~~~1JiIDJ,~tXfAtjIA~~~' f~fl*A~Z

32.6% '

~~~*tX~'[j:I

A&~~~f~

23.1%'

rnPJ~jI~"6J~*liJf~fJ*~/J\~~*~~.$~~W~Il~'

~~ ~PJtX~'[j:*~m::t 0 *liJf~l¥JfJ**~~)£~£3:Ma1:Eif-mW'[j:53U1JOO1fM~~

~,t\if-m!¥Jl@]~~~~'~-if-~!¥1il¥J@]~~~~':P:~l¥Jij{~~~~~~~o ~7M~*!¥~~£3:Ma1f~~~'liJf~~~~~~~~~*M~~~@~~~~Z

-.

,.

@~'~ID1£J~5JUW1f~Li'fpJT~5JU

'

i!&31t1TMJfl~~~1:.W£;}MmUilnlGZ~-g-1Jr~.

(Goodness of Fit Test)0 fl*~~~

, :tz:1:.?tfti 52.2%& 47.8% '

PJ~-g-lJr.:ftJEtt~~

W-&Mml¥J?tfflj~~

,

X

21W:/J\1j~

3.84 '

*~MEH~~m~*$

0

1£1f*&1JIDi : -=..¥:f\

1f*&?tffljl¥Jtt$PJ:f\1f~1:.fti 25.5%ft:~,

1i1f*&

24.9%*Z

'-=.1f*& 24.8%ftim-=.fli '

12B1f~~1:.aYfti

24.7%;

w-&~mtt~PJ~-g-1Jr::;,~31t1T?tffT' ~~X

2

fil[lJ\1j~

7.82'

~~~~~~m~'lwID

'

miGfl*f§'i'~l:H~~-&Mm 0

="

IEa/J\~~t~:t.J1*f}lW3i!J.JrJf.m2.Ijl55t5.1~JT

:

~/J\~Ji1£ff~:1Jf*.Wj&1b1T~~~~* (~~-

) :

PJ~?tfi~?t~~iG1T~~ ~

,

~

3

?t&PJL:1§~~~~WZ1T~

,

f~m-

3?t:1§ ,

;;tt1T~~Ufm~1JD~ 0

(-)

~Jt7Ji*1ltJt~

:

~2.JS~f@:~

2.88 '

~~~~Wl¥Jff!W.:1Jf*.1T~~'i'!J.LUfj~~m~

,

~~x:-&m~~

91:. '

;;tt2.JS~f@:~

3.07 ;

~~~~~B"J1T~~~mff!W.

30-40

?tf4f&~m"fjf*,~,

'

;;tt2fS~f@: ~

2.65 ' Ri'f

49.1%B"J~Ji*~1ft~~~~DJttfF0

(-=-)

~Jj}5t~

:

fr~~~1iZ~1b1T~~Jjep

,

j&1b1T~~2.JS~1W:

2.80 '

~~~~WI¥J~1b1T~~ frmW~~fi~1b

' ¥Ji'f

71.6%I¥J~Ji~g~fi'N¥tl 0 ~~lF.'irEl~~¥tl~~~Jj]JWfll~

, R i'f

IZ!3nlGft::bB"J~Ji~g~fi'N¥U 0

~~L~*m~~~~.fr~Ib&~:1Jf*.fi~I¥J~~~m,~~?t~Wfr28

?tft::b ' miG

§M~Jil¥Jff~:1Jf*.&~1b1T~illi'ffm~1JD~l¥Jt~1J 0 ~f§rm?tffT*~

~~jtl¥Jif!W.:1Jf*.&~1b1T~rEl~B"Jf§IUJ'~

,

~~~Jj1T~~~~m~IEf§rDJ

(r=.45 '

p<

.05 ) ,

~iG~Jiif!W.:1Jf~fH~11T~~~~~r:1§

,

;;tt~Jj].m1T~fu~m~w 0

~- ~-t"

zith

-f*.1tH'

Ai

ltil:f!JH'

Aiz~1+"

(n=4,826)

f'::$:

ZjS~ ~~ ~$~Jj(96) JmJjpq~ _If{

fi

~

_f.:t::f

1'f1fti _{*~m- t!~} f§

(5/'n

_t!~t ~ ff~1Jf¥flfim ~:!f~Yf¥:f-j 4712 2.78 .93 7.0 34.7 29.1 26.9 2.4 100.0 350,HellfE ~miilf¥:f-j~ yf¥:f-j30R 4700 2.93 .96 6.6 28.8 26.7 35.3 2.6 100.0 llEllfE

({3=.12,p<.001) !M*~!lt~~T:tz:ff~1J~~1T~I¥J1i{IEfjl!l({3=.05,p< .01)

foUl

iU~1i~1J~~fi~l¥Jm~~T 'f~AJ&am~ii~ 15.8% (F= 39.36, p<.001)'.~ *~*~~1J~~fi~~~~~M1i{IE~~~~~1Jl¥Jfi~~~W~~~1J~.fifi I¥Jm~~*o~~':tz:~1i~1J~~fi~~~~~~m~:@§~~.~~~~,ti

§

c'¥~W:l~~rWJ~

,

fu~IDl{J'§ cl¥J~1JrJ:l'Jm

:

J*f±~'¥jtzff~1J~.1T~~~~ ~~~.I¥J'¥1i~om~fr~I¥J~,*~!lt~1iI¥J~~W:l~!lt~'¥1iI¥J~1Jfi~M~ m~~.1Jo ffi~L~*~~*~!lt~~1i~1J~~fi~~~~&m~I¥J~*,oo'¥jt!lt§c ~~W:l~~rWJ~'fu~~m~§cl¥J~1J~~~Jmo

dmn

if.~ dflj{ ~:am*~~*ti ~:am~ftH~fi ~:a.mJJf:{j:~ ~:am~ftHft1{

dW5(:[§]{j:

dW£J[§]{j:

frH~i:tB{:lL 5(:£J~ffM ~j[E3flnX:kI~lJt ~j[f;fE3a~~W:l~ ~:F<:Jj~1iI¥J~~nX:.W:l~ ~:F<:t-J~1iI¥J*~~~W:l~ ~:F<:.iij]{5tH~fTm ~:F<:Jj~j[ff~j]f*~I¥J'I1JE~J.I R2 _(%) F Sig.

ff :

p<.01·· P<.001 ••• d: dummy variable -.05 -.00 -.03 -.01 -.06 .00 .01 -.01 .04 .02 .29 .07 .00 .03 .12 .05 15.8% 39.36

•••

-3.20·" -.090 -1.53 -.83 -3.43 ... .01 .52 -.77 1.50 .90 17.08 . 4.10 . .24 1.31 6.97 ... 2.93 ..

R!I '

~miffJJfjf.milm~BfJT

~~il~AD~~~,~jt~~~*&*~~*~~§~~'~fl~.'¥~~~ fi~I¥J~* (~~=), ~*~m

:

~1iI¥J'Ij:53U ({3= .11, p< .00l) ,

if:*&

({3= .12, p< .001)' ~jt§if~t.~fJ~({3= .21, p< .001)' ~1i!lt§cl¥J~~WJ~({3=..13,

p<

.001)'

*~*JiHt9~1b1T~

(

/3=

.11,

p<

.001)

W*~W:tn;ft:-T:3(~Jjj1T~!¥J1i{JE

fii3t (

/3=

.12,

p<

.001)

f[gmilfffl~U~j[~1b1T~

,

fl~OJm~~Jl~1tJ1T~

15.0%!¥J

~~. (F= 34.67, p<

.001)

0 ~mffij§

,

*jg~*~m~.~1i:~1tJ1T~!¥J1:~~*

'

~tlD*~*!l!¥J~1tJ1T~tJ&W-T:3(~1b!¥J1i1lE

' ffij

W~JJ*-Qt1Tmf~

IRJ

!¥J~~1i:

f3

~~.~~~W~~~~~~'~~~W!¥J~ItJ~~o~~~-~~~~.~~~ili

~ r.lZ9tm~1JJ J !¥J'I'l1fj~1RJ 0 :tEtE53U~~L

'

*li}f~~~l~~~1i:!¥J~ltJfi~~l~~

:3(~1i:~~'~~lf~~~~,~Jjj~m~~~~WolRJ~~'*~W~Jl!¥J~~~ ~W:tn~~!¥J~ltJfi~~~milf~.JJo

~-=-dttEU

£f:~ dJD{ ~~m*~:g*~ ~~m~fti!~~ ~~mDJ{{±~ ~~m~fti!~.

W)(:IQJfj:

W-eJ:IQJ{±

mH~ttMft )(:-eJ:~W~JJr ~!i!§jfnx.~JJ! ~j[ft§a~~Wl~ *~Jj~jti¥J~~M~ **Jj~jti¥J*~/Itj~M~ **i¥J~Jhfim **Jj~jt~Jhi¥J'S-{@f.li!:JJr **{'F~ItJi¥J*1fI: R2 _(%) F Sig.

IT:

p<.001·" d: dummy variable

. 11 .12 .01 -.02 -.03 -.02 -.01 -.01 .01 .03 .21 .13 -.02 .02 .il .12 .02 15.0% 34.67

•••

6.78 . 7.43 . .50 -1.30 -1.60 -1.13 -.40 -.36 .39 1.25 12.37 ... 7.02··· -1.26 .93 5.40··· 6.35 ... 1.34 ~~~Jl~JJ*~&~Jjjfi~~m~*OJ~D:~1i:!¥J-Qtmfi~Wtt~AD~~~

tpl¥Jtt53UtJ&~~~*tp!¥J~~~.~l~' Wf3a**~~WJ~~1Dl

'

ffij*jg~*tp

*~*!ll¥Jfi~'W-T:3(~~fi~!¥Jli1lEfi~'~~~W~1i:~JJ*~&~ltJfim!¥J

1:~~* 0 OJJ!:tE~ti~I¥J~1iillrm~:X:£3:!¥Jij 1~&ff1lE

'

W~~mfi~!¥J~~~lE

-(-)

7i"~~J:..~rc,~ *mJ"Cl¥Jfl**~~AEWm:mi1l:(£1f*&WJ[j:53U1JiID~mi~~:W

'

7\1f*&~:M:@]~$ ~~'®-1f~~.I¥J@]~$~~'~~I¥J~~$~~~~~o~~m~~'~~ili 1¥J~~~~wm:mm~.mi~~:W'~~@]~I¥J~~~1f~~:M:~&&~~~$. ~'~B.*m~~~~,m~~~~1f~~:M:I¥J~~~~.~'U&~~~~.m .f~J5fi~nJG 0 **~$~fP)mJ"C1Jm~1JDij:.f-tm-f~1f*&~:M:~ijlrr1J$l¥Jcj(~ 0

(-=-)

g

;W

~

/

1'-

~

...

~~.7J 1*~&

it: itJ

5t

~,z~

;~.;?j';f;J1-~:M:~~l¥Jff~~f!fd~fJ~EdiR:z~mv~fjf

,

~fJifB~:jtJit{J'~Mk

'

j!~~~.~

lff¥J

:L~JfJjfi!J1t

'

ffij~®IJl~tlH~:filItlH$j~ .~A~

,

*

~m~€lffj~

1Juij:.&IUHJ'f¥J

0

~rg3tltrp~fP)l¥JmJ"C~~

,

*mJ"Cj:)jl'itl:rc~

(

1990) W**f~~

,

1M~~

,

~~T

'

~3t~W~3t~ (1999) B"JmJ"C~tc~~~0 j:J~~ff~j]{*~&~mn1=r~I¥J!JU5l~53U ~~: 1. t~1.J~~fj~2 ~m

:

~jf.mJ"Crp&~3t~~~~IHHlI~Zf*~1=r~ 0 ffij~~lli:~tC$~~

, f§rDJl¥Jm

J"C*~~~~*~~~~~lli:~nJG~'~&U~:M:~j]*ft~±~o*mJ"C~~~:M: ~j]*ftfJ~~~.~I¥J~~~~~~m~,~~~m:~~~U~'ffij~~.~l¥Jfi m~~mff~ 30-40~jj1&~~~f*J~'

'

.R~ 49.l%I¥J~.*~m-~$~tlDJttf'F 0 ~j:J~*5 *j!1JD[Jmiili~fffJ~Ji~j]~~I¥J~?f

'

:(£~*~~~j]Z~

,

1JD~~Mjra,~m~

,

{tmmH~~~~j]l¥Jmmn

'

1JE~~jtff~j]~~$

E3

~Jt11JD 0 ~~5&cj(~~:M:lli:ff~$

,

~W{f~:(£ 19991f~-gfflj~j:J1i1f

'

-+w:rc*mn~:M:ff~j]*ft§t.

'

;ffi-~ftJttgt.~ fi~.~~:M:lli:~~$oJttjf.'~W$iliM~~~~~~~m~~MjOO~fi~~'~ f'F~~j)f~mtm~mmn

'

.~I¥J~~1=rmn~U~'Jt~~~~f.Jl~*1iJ

'

ilim~~~I¥J~ ~~j]o 2. ill1.Jqj~J5lm

:

~li~g~1!J{$:¥U 0 ""f~~IHJ~ra9Wr¥Ufj~~IJJ~fJffi~

,

~~rz:gfflGtr:1JS"J~li~g~{$:¥U

'

*~~ ~~IJJ~~~$~rz:gfflGli,~~*ft~~~.~~~~~.~lJJfi_~m~ffi~(g

~

l!J3 '

*EJlJ6i15zJ~@:Jl

' 1997 ;

'Ji~1f.

'

*~~

,

*~J:S:ftjf~~

, 1999 ;

1m1P3~

,

2000)

0 Simons-Morton

$f ( 1997) HJt

.=.if.*&~liiij

B

~B15IJJ:i[fD5tttlim~r:pr~l:B

'

~JjFf5-f5Jiij7Z1f.

89.9

5tiltt~J'tlr.!gtr:plt~1JJ

' 34.7

5tiltn'Ur.!{~1JJ

' 120.4

5tiltn~

~~15oft~~.liS"J~lJJm~~~.,a~~.1f..~S"J~~.~.15IJJ'~~=

5t

~-S"J~litt~Jm$'I1~1JJ

'

fffi~)'i-~liBPr%~ 80%tt$iij~~.=.~~mi@j.=.*S"J

~mt~lIJ:i[

,

1iJ

~am~li~IJJ'~~EJl~FF..IE 0 Gillmer, Speak, Bradley, Harrell& Belyea

(1996) m~7\:?tJ\if.*&~liS"J~m'I1i~

,

~*r~l:BJ[.,Ito.~~W3*N~tn~li~MS"J~

15 '

ilJ~,nl~~~m~mJG

'

{~r%Ito.~

,

*!JlfIlIDMEd[gij'¥~~~lifD-FfYif.MS"J-®¥-i ~~m1TmpJT3&

'

tlD :

filll)(rWJ~~RX1t

'

{~lt~mt151JJ

0

fffiam.Jjt~IIJ:i[~..IE

' ::t;!t

lli:if.*/J\ij':fT~*~~

,

~li'1i,l!A:.,Ito.~$f~W3S"J19UT.~~!¥

'

ftftm~afrjmff!W. ~.~lJJr~~M

0

(.=..)

~

/I'-{¥

.t.~Jt;?

i-JjHlt:&

i!.fj}5t

~

89W3W

~;t-*m~~1Ji

:

.liS"Jff!w'j]f*~

,

~1JJ1Tmft'I1JjU

'

~~~*r:pS"JEl1tfflG.~1Ji

'

JtEla**~~M~~~'fffi~~*~~fim&JtT~S"J~~Wlt~~~.~~~1JJ

ftff!w'j]fi.S"J'±:J!~*

'

Itt~*ftSallis

$f ( 1988) &

Greendorfer& Ewing (

1981 ) m

~~*m~~,;!t®m~f5Jml:B~BfflG~'~~&~fi'~~~~~li~mt15lJJS"Jm

J!ft.l-eg(

Stucky-Ropp& Dilorenzo,

1993;

Reynolds et aI.,

1990;

Butcher,

1983)0

DiLorenzo, Stucky-Ropp, Vander& Gotham (

1998)

P)j!f'I1~~1J$~g'f~.~IJJS"J*§IDl~*

' .ML

ml:BJ\ '

:hif.*&~~S"J~1JJ1T.~.~~

,

f&'I1JjUfffi~~~

,

:(£~~1J1ID~~m~m

~uj]S"J~J~m

• •

S"J~IJJ9ill~

,

amtrg~1JJ

'

IJ\~ftam~trgmfl/5t~

,

~~~tjP) ~.~IJJS"J

E3

a5&ijg ,

~lJJjD~

, )(as"Jmft '

Jt~IJJAAtmttrgJU~$f~Jj~~m~m

~Uj]

0

*~~,

#fli

(1999)

m~~/J\r:pr%if.*&.li&;!t)(aax1t~.S"JIDH*r:pml:B

'

)(ffltrgRX1t~.fimJtT~~~RX1tfi.~~fflG~~.offfi*m~~~~~*~trgfi

m~&Jt.liS"JS"J.~m~,m.~~mfimS"Jm~m~~T,~~)(aS"J.~JG. fFmp)&~{JE

'

5t~Jttn~li~WfffiJ§

,

{]J~*§'&mJ!S"J~w*~

0

~~~~S"J~,~~Jttn.~~~fflG.ft*~~~~M~'.ML~~~

• • •

~j]

f*~ft~lJJfi.S"J'±:J!~~'~~S"J.~JG.ftDmkS"J~~'~~.K~.~liS"J

fimoR~~IJJW~j]f*~fim~~¥~K~IDl~~l:B:~.~j]f*~fim.~~~, ~~IIJ~~~~:JtElafflG.ft~~~M~~~~,~~j]f*~ft~lJJfim~~~.

-@'~~M.£~m~ti,.~~.~~

• •

'~~~oo~.~~~*~.gh

• •

ffijfl3ti~~

,

&ffij~tJj)®!3~~~~~~~J.l

'

;!t~~OO~.~tH.~ltt.ffl.~~

°,83

J:J..t.ffifli~

,

£1JD~~I:B~.~ij!&~~~r~'Jm

'

tlDfiiJ~~.:(£~lJi~~ep~m.!3

ali

1fJ~ ,ti1n**'.ffg~$mwm*~!1~

,

::t~.~ij~~.~.fJflmfJ.I¥.Jm:~

rJA1j!f!§*0

El31ntt5jU~jq1

·

~1ittE~h~flWjiIh1T.I¥.J.m..t.:ffpJT~~ 0 *Wf~M.R~

:tc~.jilhfJ.~ij!~~~.~

,

1It!/iH5~BJl

' *BJl. ' m@:Jf

(1997) tiiHfJ1i '

7\if:*&'.8"JnU'jiIh1T.Wf~&M~#

( 1996) 1n

~~ 83 if:~tti~~/J\~if:f&~~

~1!t~jiIh1T.zM.~{PJ

·

~.~'.8"JJHmmlhiitt:tc~

• •

~ 0 Simons-Morton

W

(1997)

J:J=if:*&~

• •

Wf~ti~

,

~1!t~1f~8"JJtmmlh

'

M.ml:B~~ft:~~1¥.J ~~1nJtmmlh&rrmIhW.m~,:tc~~ft:~~~~.~.o$lIt~~~:tc~.Z

PJT

J:J:ff~

[qJ8"JjiIh1T. ·

OJij~W~mlh8"J~m~jqI:ffpJTrD1~ 0 ,.~.ti~.~.fJ.8"J~.·~~M~~~.epM~'.!3*~

• •

~&* *,.~~,~~.~n~~&ji~fJ.8"Jm~~~;~~.~.~~~W,ti~a **~~~~~,ti1nflmfJ.8"J~fJ~WoEl311tM.0J~D:ij!~~J.l8~:ffflm8"J .~·~1B~*~a8"J~.~ffl.w·~.~Jtmm~&8m~flo1B~m~~8"J~~ ~.ti!3a~

• •

ij!~~·~ti**~ffg~M~~·~~ml¥.Jji~W~n~flfJ

• •

ij!~~~0 ~®.1~'5H~I¥J~.

'

OJf!~~.'~1lX~~l¥.Jijt~

,

mHT.J!~~~ 0 ~

tilttffl.~'~.fi

• •

~8"J.~.gW,~.~~~~~~w.~:tc.mWfl.fJ.

B"Jtlmf*,

0

- ~:t::~

- " iJil=l~1flI :

(-)*Wf~.*~~~.~m~~

• • •

Wf~ti~'~~~6m,~ep:tc

• •8"J

~~~~1n~'J.l'if:*&~~~7\if:~

• •

~fi~':(£

• •

8"J~m..t.~*~oom.~

fi~

,

~~fiWlif.lJ:J~ep (~) ~.~fi~

,

;!t*.*$J:J..t.lif.l~

,

IM.JtUJ;JJj:

~'I1:~Ih.j: 0

(=),.~n~flfJ.~OO'~ffl..~8"JfJ.~.~M.~M~'.M~mm

~.g~

,

~ij!~~8"J1T.~.mK!J! 30-40~ii1&~~6~H*,1~,

'

¥i1i~8"J~.*~mE9GKm

~.¥tl~n~~ojilh~OO

'• •

ZjiIh1T.~m.~~:(£ftI

• •

~:fijilh'

¥i:ff 71.6%

B"J.J.lij~~.¥tl 0 ""f.~ra'.¥tl~~jilhm:~

, R

:ffrm~tc;b~

• •

ij~~.¥tl0 *~m

E9G~~:ffjilhmm~~~m~~.J.l8"Jrm~1itc;bo ] 3

-(-)

~ff!±~AD~~rj'~.~~ft9*&~I!ft9*fFm§~rj

,

?t53Uf;j~.ff!5! n*~W~~fimfF~~?t~o~mw§,tt53u,~.~§~~.~~,f;j**~~ W:1~

,

P)&~I!ft9*ep~~~~mfim

'

1i{JEm~mMifffl~U~Jj

,

Wmt~D~

:

l.m1.J~j}ltj1.m

:

~~.~n*~fim~~~.m~,~tt~~~n*~fim~~~~~m~o§ ~~• •~Hf;j~.W:1~~~'~~.ff~~n*~fimo~.~1i{JE~~.ff~n *~IfF 'P)&§Jit~~n*~fim~{~~,~.tP.~ng{i'f(¥Uf*~~n~m~0 2.~lJ.Jtj1.m

:

~~.~~~fim~~~~~.m~'H~if~~~~,~~~m~lim~ff; ~.*Jit~~~~~m'~~1i{JE~~~~~'~~~~~fim~~ftff;~.§~ ~S~~~ff~'f;j**~.~~W:1~'~~~fimtP.~ffo ,m~i

:

(-)

.~.I..1~,~.J$.tA. 1. JJD~~J!a'9~!~~~a'9Q1~tj1.mr~§

:

~o r;§mij!30-40?tilb!f*}~, 5-10

?til J

m~.ff!W.n*~ep.f~m:~~f=rm

'

r~

~~OO~~~~~~J~U~~.~~fimepa~~Jj§'~~~~~~~~.~~. ¥uo~~m~~~~~w~~~W¥~'~ffi~W~~~&w~~m~~~,&~~

.*~~~=1'{~~fim 0 ~~~jtf;j=1'~tf:53Umtf:H~~~~W~2!J

:

~~.1:Eff!W.n*

~fim..t.~m.~~.m~, {8~~1JOO~UP)~~.~~m~, f;j~tt53U~~J5ff~~

~~.' b!mtf:Hi53u~tt~~W~~' ~P)ffii1E~¥U{JEj!~.~mf=rm~§~ 0

2.

~i t~f5I~~QI~tj1.ma'9~9;D& 2$:~a'9tj1.m

:

m~ff!±mi~.;fI3IDJ~~§:'~W~~

,

ttf1JD~.f;j~~&ff!W.n*~~~£~

,

~W:1~

:X:£J3t?tllfmf& '

1f{JEJt~~.¥U{@mfim

'

tP.ng~l!tttf5$~.*Jit~~mfim

' •

m~~~~iBo

(-=-)

-*-*NJf

1l:~)l.

tA.

1. *Wf~~~;fl3rBHiJf~It)E~1!tr~~~

,

~ffifl*I1f~~{:f~OOi~WJj!fiWf~

, W

=~~~§:.m~~.@~~~.~,**m~m=1'~

• •1J~'~W.·OO~~'*

~Uii:ep

.

{.!£~*&~.~~mfim 0

2. *Wf~jZg~&~~ra~

,

~fJiIT~~1!tl&m;fI3IB11l~

,

f;j~rjra~jZg*rJfil{*~~li~

$m~~~tt.~,~~**~j!fi.W:1m.Wf~'~~ffi.~tt~~Wf~1J$*.

-

1 4

-t-H§IHI~*ra~e~Jl~I*~~ 0 ,l~

3.*~~~±~~~~~~*W~~rr~~~.'**~mA~W~&~.Z.

mrr~~~~

,

?t:fJTtt~;1tra~~IDJ{*

'

j;JWJS{15m~ftl!.Arr~~~.j] 0

-'$3<:BB5.1

.T:5'§*t ' .T:JffilIl . *frfm '~~~,~1ii. (2000) :tJ~~1J~:ttm:tt~:l1:~lfdt~~~:lt!!WiIi1l/J\~lUX~

ITf.£m:tt.&JtRi?fiU~rZ~~•ITiE)l:~1ti1:.W~~¥N~•

.T:JffilIl (1995) :~/J\~1i.mITm&~fl3lJ11~~U?#!ifj· ~*f~~jl*~~¥N~·

ITiE)l:~IIW~~* (1999) :rpljH~~IIWB&:!J· a~t :~*E/ljjlU•

g~BA' *BA~'m@fJl(1997) :~m~1imf$~IhITm.&.~~.~*Z~~· f'j1:.IXW~:l(jHU'

10 '

53-04 •

*~.

'

*f~ (1999) :5<:e~ttIX.ITmW~/J\rp~~f&~1i~mftX~ITmzlIIlf*~~·0:1tf'j1:. ' 26 (I) '25-37·

*ff*~,ttl!l31J5( ,~~T

.

~:l(~W~:l(li§ ( 1999) :~~fi• • •!I*?£~i!I~~(NAHSIT) 1993-1996

a.:lt!!Wil1:!3.¥+=~£1i~~~.~~· rp~~l!mfi.~tt.~ , 24 (I) '81-97· (9.'f:l()

*f,'iS',$\ ,

DlIi*1I '

.fit:1':J'C .

5&1;;. '

~~t:.

(

1998) : Familial correlation of optical components between myopia children. (UI$l£1izm~JHlJ'C~,*I¥J*~rDH~O • rp~~~mf4.~it.~, 37 (3) ,235-240· *f1':J'C (2003~8J.l 26 B) :fft!t~c ¥1i~1J~.I{'FZmt1il'•arp~1ti1:.fqj~~J1imm • 2003~9f.l

I BlBlEl : http://www.hbtc.gov.tw/newslwhpmas.nsf

5&1;;m (1999 ~ 8 J.l 25 B) IXfflUf'J1i 30 tt5C ' ftElh~1i~1J~• • 2003 ~ 8 f.l 23 B lBl El

http://www.chinatimes.org.tw/IX$~J1i30m5CmllJ¥1i~1J~ •.html

5&ffJV.

(1994) :~W{"J:!I!~:-=:{tlBlrPJI¥JJ:!I!~W.~•a~t :*~!Jfqj• IXW$ (2001) :~~• •1.l61!~t.· a~t:~W$·

~ (2002~4f.l 4 B) :~~¥1i~1J-~~mr-@lilItrm' ~~~E1JI¥J1i~•~rp.IiUliJllfflX ~tNRmJi6 • 2003 ~ 8 J.l 23 B lBl El : http:' II www.nanLcom.tw/big5 I content / 2002-04/04

Icontent_1 56 I8.htm

Jit'l5C '

*fJitil .~ijWlf.•~~ ,J1J:R~ ..T:t'J~ ,~W=~D (1990) :~.a~tm~/J\~1i.JJt1:.mffl;1!t ~r~~• •~tmf'j1:.fqjWMifB*~f'j1:.~WPJT~~¥N~•

jtt~5t' ~ii 'M:m:~D 'i!iij~~

'#HJtt '

5im~' (1999) :~~I!fJ~Ql.1JEil~liff~0 ffi6!:WtItW~ jhffliff~fiH~ 0 jt~~,~~M' M:m:~D

'

#t3t~

,

~~I)(,

Jmflfrj ,

R.~ (2003) :a.it!f~~/J\~!iQlSfffm~iSrn. ;ttWiif:ftAD~~JJt~f§lUJliff~ ,~1:~W~~ ,19, 155-178 0 jtW:ft'*~R1' *W3.iWI~~(1999) :~.*~~~/J\~~Ql.1JE~ffm~tI~~~ID.\J1t0 ~~f~ ~Jtftliff~~1!:fo

M~W (19%) :I!fJ/N'i!Ql• •ij~».;ttffilUJ~~~~t-.t0 ~1il.~Wtllll!~liff~PlTm±~3t0

ft~. (2000) :~~/J\~~~m$iillJffm».;ttf§IJJl~*~liff~ 0 IfW~~,29 ' 81-91 0

Blair, S. N., & Meredith, M. D. (1994). The exercise-health relationship: Does it apply to children and youth? In R R Pate, & RC. Hohn, (Eds.). Health and fitness through physical education. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books(II-19.).

Bulgan,T.,& Gilbert, C. E. (2002). Prevalence and causes of servere visual impairment and blindness in children in Mongolia. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 9(4),271-281.

Butcher, 1.(1983). Socialization of adolescent girls into physical activity. Adolescence. J8,753-766.

Deflandre,A., Lorant, J., Gavarry,0.,& Falgairette, G., (2001). Determinants of physical activity and physical and sports activities in French school children. Perceptual and motor skills. 92(2),399-414.

Dempsey, 1. M., Kimiecik, J. C., & Horn, T. S.,(1993). Parental influence on children's moderate to vigorous physical activity participation: an expectancy-value approach.Pediatric Exercise Science Champaign. 5(2),

151-167.

DiLorenzo, T. M., Stucky-Ropp, R. C., Vander, W. 1. S., & Gotham, H. J.(1998). Determinants of exercise among children. II.A longitudinal analysis. Preventive Medicine•. 27(3), 470-477.

Erikson, E. H.(l963). Childhood and Society. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Gillmer, M., Speak, B., Bradley, C., Harrell, 1., & Belyea, M.,(l996). The Youth Health Survey: Reliability and validity of an instrument for assessing cardiovascular health habits in adolescents. Journal of School Health. 66. 106-111.

Greendorfer, S.L., &Ewing, M.E.,(1981). Race and gender difference in childrens' socialization into sport.

Research Quarterly for Exercise&Sports. 52,301-310.

Kimiecik, 1. C., & Horn, T. S.(l998). Parental beliefs and children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Research Quarterly for Exercise&Sports.69(2), 163-175.

Maccoby, E. E.(l984). Social development: Psychological growth and the parentchild relationship. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

Reynolds,K. D., Killen, 1. D., Bryson, S. W., Maron, D. 1., Taylor,C.B., Maccoby, N., & Farquhar, 1. W.,(l990). Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents. Preventive Medicine.J9,541-551.

Sallis, 1. F., Alcaraz,1.E., McKenzie, T. L., Hovell, M. F., Kolody, B., & Nader, P. R.(1992). Parental behavior in relation to physical activity and fitness in 9-year-old children. American Journal of Disabled Children Child,

-146(11), 1383-1388.

Sallis, 1. F., Patterson, T. L., Buono, MJ., Nader, P. R.,(1988). Relation of cardiovascular fitness and physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adult. American Journal ofEpidemiology, 127,

933-941.

Schou, L, Currie, C. & McQueen, D.(1990). Using a "lifestyle" perspective to understand tooth-brushing behaviour in Scottish schoolchildren.Community Dentistry md Oral Epidemiology, 18(5),230-234

Simons-Morton, Be. , McKenzie, T.1., Stone, E., Mitchell, P., Osganian, V., Strikmiller, P. K., Ehlinger, S., Cribb, P.,& Nader, P.R.(1997). Physical activity in a multiethnic population of third graders in four states.American Journal ofPublic Health, 87,45-50.

Stucky-Ropp, R. e., & Dilorenzo, T. M.(1993). Determinants of exercise in children. Preventive Medicine, 22,

880-889.

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (1998). Health behaviour in school-aged children: A WHO Cross-National Study (HBSC)- Research protocol for the 1997-98 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

Yang, X., Telama, R., & Laakso, L. (19%). Parents' physical activity, socioeconomic status and education as predictors of physical activity and sport participation among children and youths - A 12 year follow up study.International Review for the Sociology ofSport. 31(3),267-283.

t9:fJfii 2003.9.12

~lE 2004.1.2

The Influence of Family Factors and Academic

Performance on Visual Care and Exercise

Behavior of Elementary School Students in

Taiwan

Sheu-Jen Huang, Wen-Chi Hung, Hsiao-Wen Chen

Abstract

Myopia and lacking for exercise are two of the most serious health problems of elementary school students in Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of the family factors and academic performance on visual care and exercise behavior of the third to sixth graders of elementary school. A self-designed questionnaire was evaluated and tested by experts thoroughly and completed by 4826 third to sixth graders during the period from September to November 2002. The results showed that visual care and exercise behavior are positively related. The predictive factors towards visual care were: self-rated academic scores of students, their anticipation of academic performance, the health behavior of the parents and their encouragement of the performance of children. The predictive factors of exercise behavior of the students were: self-rated academic scores, anticipation of academic performance, exercise behavior of the parents and encouragement towards children. Based on the resu~ts, the educators should make an effort to improve the visual care and exercise behavior of the students. The students should be encouraged to take a rest after watching TV and to exercise between classes. Besides, the female students should be encouraged to do more exercise and the male students to do more visual care behavior. Moreover, we should raise the awareness of the importance of visual care and exercise behaviors for the parents. They should not only encourage the healthy behavior of children but also act as a good role model.

Key words: elementary school children, family factors, visual care, exercise behavior, academic performance