語言治療師使用FC協助低口語身心障礙者溝通之現況

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(1)୯ҥᆵύ௲‫ػ‬εᏢ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬Ꮲ‫س‬ᅺγ੤ ᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ᅺγፕЎ Department of Special Education National Taichung University of Education Master Thesis. ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔGD‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ౜‫!ݩ‬ A Survey of the Use of Facilitated Communication in the Speech-Language Pathologist Serving Persons With Verbal Disabilities. Ԣ‫ە‬ዂ Yi-Cheng Chiang. ࡰᏤ௲௤ǺЦలীറγ AdvisorǺShwu-Jiuan Wang Ph.. ύ๮҇୯ 102 ԃ 7 Д July, 2013.

(2) ᄔ! ! ा ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖૸ᆵ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ౜ ‫ݩ‬Ƕҁࣴ‫߯ز‬аᆵ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣࣁࣴ‫ز‬ჹຝǴаȨᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔGD‫ڐ‬շե‫܈‬ คαᇟ‫ي‬ЈምᛖΓγྎ೯ϐ౜‫ݩ‬ፓࢗୢ‫ڔ‬ȩࣁπ‫ڀ‬຾Չࣴ‫ز‬Ƕࣴ‫ޣز‬Ӆวр260 ҽୢ‫ڔ‬ǴԖਏӣԏ229ҽǴӣԏ౗ၲ88.1%Ƕୢ‫ڔ‬ӣԏၗ਑аѳ֡ኧǵԭϩКǵ ᐱҥኬҁtᔠ‫ۓ‬ǵൂӢηᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬฻БԄ຾Չϩ‫݋‬Ǵ٠ள‫ډ‬аΠΟᗺ่ፕǺ! ΋ǵѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣҞ߻ჹ‫ܭ‬٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᄊࡋӭ࡭҅ӛϸ ᔈǶ ΒǵѠ᡼‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ‫ܭ‬٬Ҕ FC ‫ڐ‬շ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ᏾ᡏ౜‫ࣁݩ‬٫ǹ‫ځ‬ύ ঁਢԃសጄൎа 3-6 ྃ(Ꮲស߻Ѵ࿧༜໘ࢤ)നӭǴ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᜪձΨаԾഈੱᜪဂ ۚӭǹԶ௲‫ڀ‬೽ҽǴ߾аკь‫ک‬ჴ‫ࣁނ‬εӭኧǹӧ຾Չ௲ᏢਔǴදၹಃ΋‫؁‬ᡯ߾ ࣁዴᇡᏢғ‫ޑ‬ӃഢૈΚǶ ΟǵѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣᇡࣁ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ਔϝଽᅟ཮ၶ‫֚ډ‬ნǴ ՠࣣૈ҅ӛӦϒаೀ౛Ƕ. ୷‫ܭ‬΢ॊࣴ‫่ز‬ፕǴග‫ٮ‬ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣᆶ࣬ᜢൂՏϷ҂ٰࣴ‫ز‬ӭ໨‫ڀ‬ᡏϐࡌ ᝼Ƕ. ᜢᗖӷǺߦ຾ྎ೯‫ݤ‬ǵեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ǵԾഈੱ. i.

(3) Abstract The purposes of this research were to investigate current situation, the attitude,. and other aspects of the use of facilitated communication for speech-language pathologist serving persons with verbal disabilities . In this study, questionnaire was the main method.260 questionnaires were issued and 229 questionnaires were valid. The proportion of valid questionnaires was 88.1%. The data was analyzed by frequency distribution, percentage of the average and standard deviation. The main results were stated as follows: 1. The speech-language pathologists held more positive attitudes reaction for the use of FC with low-verbal disabilities.. 2. The overall teaching experience of using FC were to help persons with verbal disabilities to communicate in speech-language pathologists are positive; cases in the age range 3-6 years old (preschool kindergarten stage) , autism spectrum disorder are the mostly asing taxon;about aids part, material objectconcrete and picture cards places were using the most ; and while teaching, the generally first step was to see the students' prior ability. 3. Taiwan's speech-language pthologists still occasionally encountered difficulties when using FC, but can addressed the encountered positively.. Based upon the research conclusions mentioned above, researcher provides a package of specific suggestions for Speech-Language Pathologists, relevant units, and the future researches.. Keywords: Facilitated communication, Verbal disabilities, Autism. ii.

(4) Ҟԛ ύЎᄔा!. ……………………………………………………………………...…i. मЎᄔा. …………………………………………………………….…….….....ii. Ҟԛ. ……………………………………………………………………………...….iii. ߄ԛ. ………………………………………………………………………….…..….v. კԛ. …………………………………………………………………………..….….ix. ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ ಃ΋࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ………………………………………………….….1 ಃΒ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶࡑเୢᚒ…………………………………………….…5 ಃΟ࿯ Ӝຒញက………………………………………………………………7. ಃΒക Ў᝘௖૸ ಃ΋࿯ʳ ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ምᛖ …………………………………………..9 ಃΒ࿯ ᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ཀ఼ᆶᔈҔ …………………………..…..……21 ಃΟ࿯ʳ FCϐཀ఼ᆶ࣬ᜢჴ᛾ࣴ‫…………………………………… ز‬...32. ಃΟക ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ ಃ΋࿯ ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬ ………………………………………………….…………53 ಃΒ࿯ ࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ …………………………………………………………….54 ಃΟ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ኬҁ …………………………………………………………….56 ಃѤ࿯ʳ ࣴ‫ز‬π‫…………………………………………………………… ڀ‬.60 ಃϖ࿯ʳ ၗ਑ೀ౛ᆶϩ‫………………………………………………… ݋‬...63 iii.

(5) ಃѤക ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᆶ૸ፕ ಃ΋࿯ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᄊࡋ…65 ಃΒ࿯ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ ……………………………………………………………81 ಃΟ࿯ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ֚ნ…99 ಃѤ࿯ ૸ፕ…………………………………………………………………...112. ಃϖക ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ ಃ΋࿯ ่ፕ…………………………………………………………………...117 ಃΒ࿯ ࡌ᝼…………………………………………………………………...120 ಃΟ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫……………………………………………………………ڋ‬..122. ୖԵЎ᝘ ύЎ೽ϩ………………………………………………………………………..123 ѦЎ೽ϩ………………………………………………………………………..130. ߕᒵ ߕᒵ΋ ಃ΋ԛቺᚶೌ஑ৎୢ‫…………………………………………ڔ‬..137 ߕᒵΒ ಃΒԛቺᚶೌ஑ৎୢ‫…………………………………………ڔ‬..152 ߕᒵΟ ಃΟԛቺᚶೌ஑ৎୢ‫…………………………………………ڔ‬..170 ߕᒵѤ ҅Ԅୢ‫……………………………………………………………ڔ‬..185 ߕᒵϖ ቺᚶኧ஑ৎӜൂ…………………………………………………....192. iv.

(6) ߄ԛ ߄2-1-1 ICFᆶ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғϩᜪϐჹྣ߄ ……………………………..….11 ߄2-2-1 ୯ϣᔈҔᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ྎܭ‬೯૽ግϐ࣬ᜢࣴ‫……………… ز‬28 ߄2-3-1 ୯ѦFCϐ࣬ᜢჴ᛾ࣴ‫…………………………………………… ز‬42 ߄3-3 ࣴ‫ز‬ኬҁ୷ҁၗ਑಍ी ……………………………………………….57 ߄4-1-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᄊࡋ‫ޑ‬ ϸᔈ௃‫………………………………………………………………… ׎‬66 ߄4-1-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋ౜‫ݩ‬Ӛቫय़ඔॊ‫܄‬ᄔा߄ ………..68 ߄4-1-3 όӕ‫܄‬ձᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦…………………..69 ߄4-1-4 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦…………………..70 ߄4-1-5 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ ٣ࡕКၨ………………………………………………………………… 71 ߄4-1-6 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦……………72 ߄4-1-7 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ ٣ࡕКၨ………………………………………………………………….73 ߄4-1-8 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦……………74 ߄4-1-9 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ ٣ࡕКၨ………………………………………………………………….75 ߄4-1-10 όӕ୍ܺ‫܄‬፦ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ‫ޣ‬ᄊࡋளϩৡ౦……….76. v.

(7) ߄4-1-11 όӕ୍ܺ୔ୱᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦ …………76 ߄4-1-12 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦ …………78 ߄4-1-13 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ٣ ࡕКၨ ………………………………………………………………….79 ߄4-1-14 όӕ٬ҔFC࿶ᡍᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐᄊࡋளϩৡ౦ ……..80 ߄4-2-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ‫ޑ‬ϸᔈ௃‫…………………………………………………׎‬.82 ߄4-2-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ౜‫ݩ‬Ӛቫय़ඔॊ‫܄‬ᄔा߄….83 ߄4-2-3 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣҞ߻ම٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շ‫ي‬ЈምᛖΓኧ಍ी…………...84 ߄4-2-4 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣҞ߻ම٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շ‫ي‬Јምᛖԃសጄൎ಍ी ……85 ߄4-2-5 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣҞ߻ම٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շ‫ي‬Јምᛖϐᜪձ಍ी ……….85 ߄4-2-6 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣҞ߻ම٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շ‫ي‬Јምᛖ٬Ҕπ‫ڀ‬಍ी ……86 ߄4-2-7 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ຾ՉFCന߃٬Ҕϐπ‫ڀ‬಍ी ………………………86 ߄4-2-8 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ຾ՉFCനख़ຎ௲Ꮲಃ΋‫؁‬ᡯ಍ी………………… 87 ߄4-2-9 όӕ‫܄‬ձᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦…………...88 ߄4-2-10 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦……… …89 ߄4-2-11 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ ٣ࡕКၨ ………………………………………………………………89 ߄4-2-12 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦…...90. vi.

(8) ߄4-2-13 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ ᄔाϷ٣ࡕКၨ……………………………………………………..91 ߄4-2-14 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦…..92 ߄4-2-15 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ ᄔाϷ٣ࡕКၨ……………………………………………………..93 ߄4-2-16 όӕ୍ܺ‫܄‬፦ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦…..94 ߄4-2-17 όӕ୍ܺ୔ୱᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦......95 ߄4-2-18 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩৡ౦......97 ߄4-2-19 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔ ाϷ٣ࡕКၨ ……………………………………………………...98 ߄4-2-20 όӕ٬ҔFC࿶ᡍᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFCϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍளϩ ৡ౦ ……………………………………………………………………98 ߄ 4-3-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ‫܌‬ၶ֚ნ‫ޑ‬ϸᔈ௃‫………………… ׎‬..100 ߄ 4-3-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ‫܌‬ၶ֚ნ Ӛቫय़ඔॊ‫܄‬ᄔा߄……………………………………………….101 ߄4-3-3 όӕ‫܄‬ձᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦……………..102 ߄4-3-4 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦……………..103 ߄4-3-5 όӕԃសᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔाϷ ٣ࡕКၨ………………………………………………………………..103. vii.

(9) ߄4-3-6 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦……....104 ߄4-3-7 όӕനଯᏢᐕᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔा Ϸ٣ࡕКၨ……………………………………………………………..105 ߄4-3-8 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦………106 ߄4-3-9 όӕ୍ܺൂՏᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔा Ϸ٣ࡕКၨ …………………………………………………………….106 ߄4-3-10 όӕ୍ܺ‫܄‬፦ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦ …….107 ߄4-3-11 όӕ୍ܺ୔ୱᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦ …….108 ߄4-3-12 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦ …….109 ߄4-3-13 όӕ୍ܺԃၗᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნᡂ౦ኧϩ‫݋‬ᄔा Ϸ٣ࡕКၨ……………………………………………………………110 ߄4-3-14 όӕ٬ҔFC࿶ᡍᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫܌‬ၶ֚ნளϩৡ౦….110 ߄4-3-15 ࢂցᝩុ௢ቶFC಍ी……………………………………………....111 ߄4-3-16 ࢂցᝩុ௢ቶFC໒‫ܫ‬ཀ‫ـ‬಍ी……………………………….....111. viii.

(10) კԛ კ3-1-1 ࣴ‫ࢎز‬ᄬ ………………………………………………………………53 კ3-2-1 ࣴ‫ز‬Ғఊკ ……………………………………………………………55 კ3-4-1 ቺᚶೌࣴ‫ࢬز‬ำ ……………………………………………………..62. ix.

(11) ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ ਥᏵϣࡹ೽2012ԃ಍ीǴҞ߻Ѡ᡼‫يޑ‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬Γας࿶ຬၸ111࿤ΓǶ‫ځ‬ύό ፕவ୯ϣѦᝄख़ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޑޣ‬౰Չ౗ᆶቶကྎ೯ምᛖ‫ۓ‬ကȐ‫ځ‬дምձӝ‫ྎٳ‬೯ምᛖȑ ᡉҢǴѠ᡼Ҟ߻ሡाᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ȐAugmentative and Alternative Communication, AACȑ ‫ڐ‬շ‫ޑ‬ᝄख़ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ǵεऊӧ30 ࿤ѰѓȐླྀᐥநǵᗛಹীǴ2009ȑǶԶߦ຾ྎ೯ ‫ݤ‬ȐFacilitated communication, FCȑբࣁ‫ڐ‬շեαᇟምᛖ‫ޣ‬೸ၸᗺࡰ‫܈‬Ѻӷ‫ޑ‬БԄ຾ Չྎ೯ (Myers, Miltenberger, Suda, 1998)‫ޑ‬΋ᅿБԄς‫ܭ‬୯ѦՉϐԖԃǴՠӧჴࡼFC ‫ޑ‬ᐞࢪǵऍ୯฻ნϣ֡วғၸ࣬ᜢນ೜ਢҹȐJones, 1994ȑǴFCӢࡺഢ‫ݾڙ‬᝼Զ೴ᅌ Ԅ༾ǹՠϸᢀ୯ϣҗ‫ܭ‬Ѻӷྎ೯‫ޑ‬ගঀȐύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮Ǵ2012ȑ ǴFC‫ޑ‬٬ҔҞ ߻ࠅӧ୯ϣቶࣁε౲‫܌‬ዕ஼Ƕ೭ᅿ௃‫ݩ‬зӕਔ‫ࣁي‬ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣᆶ൩᠐੝ਸ௲‫܌زࣴػ‬ ‫ޣزࣴޑ‬Ԗ‫܌‬όှǴӢԜǴҁࣴ‫ز‬ஒ௖૸୯ϣᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јም ᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ౜‫ݩ‬Ƕ. ಃ΋࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ ! Γࢂဂ‫ނ୏ޑ܄‬ǴᙖҗᆶдΓ‫࣬ޑ‬ೀǴᡣԾρག‫ډ‬ඍ‫ז‬ǵ‫ډڙ‬Ѝ࡭Ǵ٠ᅈ‫ى‬Ծρ ᆶдΓௗ᝻‫ޑ‬ሡ‫؃‬Ǵྎ೯ߡࢂӧ೭ኬ‫ޑ‬ၸำύբࣁ߄ၲཷ‫ۺ‬ǵ໺ሀᆶϸ㎸௃ཀϐҔǴ а‫؃‬ᆶдΓ‫܈‬ဂᡏ໔Ҭࢬག௃‫܈‬ၲԋࡘགྷ‫ࠨޑ‬ӝǴӕਔྎ೯ҭࢂΓॺϐ໔നத‫ࢲޑـ‬ ୏ϐ΋Ƕྎ೯ૈΚᒿ๱ғ౛ว৖ԋዕ‫ک‬ᇡ‫ૈޕ‬ΚቚуǴԶԋࣁғ‫ڮ‬ύߚதᜢᗖ‫ޑ‬΋ᕉǶ ฅԶǴ྽࠸ηԖΑว৖΢‫ޑ‬ৡ౦Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵǺᇟ‫ق‬ว৖ᒨ጗ǵག಍Ѩፓǵઓ࿶фૈ౦த฻Ǵ ೭٤࠸η΋ѿӧ໺ሀૻ৲΢ԖΑߔᛖǴߡሡाᚐѦ‫ڐޑ‬շаၲ‫ډ‬Ԗਏ౗‫ྎޑ‬೯Ƕ ! ӕኬӦǴեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ӧय़ჹྎ೯‫מ‬ѯ‫ޑ‬ምᛖਔǴΨёа൨‫؃‬೚ӭόӕ‫ޑ‬ᇶ շၡ৩Ǵ೯தӧᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ‫ڐޑ‬շΠǴեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ψ೚ૈᏢ཮аЋᇟǵຎ᝺კ ߄಄ဦ‫܈‬AAC฻БԄ຾Չྎ೯ǶԶਥᏵLotter ( 1967 ) ϷFishǵShapiroᆶCampbell ( 1966 ) ‫زࣴޑ‬ύࡰрऊԖ28%‫ډ‬61%‫ޑ‬Ծഈੱ‫ࢂޣ‬คαᇟ߄ၲૈΚ‫ޑ‬ǴӢԜ൩௲‫ػ‬ ‫ޑ‬ሦୱԶ‫ق‬ǴԾഈੱ‫ޑ‬ϟΕ฼ౣΨ࿶த཮٬Ҕֹ๓Ъૈቚуਏ౗‫ޑ‬AAC ( Mostert, 2001 )Ƕ ! AACऊ‫ܭ‬1950Կ1960ԃжጔଆ‫ܭ‬ऍ୯Ǵᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣଞჹόӕᇡ‫ޕ‬ǵᇟ‫ق‬ཞ໾‫ޑ‬Ꮿ ࡕ໾ծǴճҔमЎӷ݈҆ǵᘉॣ೛ഢǵჴ‫ނ‬კТ฻Ǵаᔅշ‫܈‬ှ،ค‫ݤ‬Ҕαᇟྎ೯‫ޑ‬ 1.

(12) ֚ნǴҗԜё‫ޕ‬AACᔈҔ‫ܭ‬ᇶշྎ೯ԐςՉϐԖԃȐླྀᐥநǵ໳ӀችǴ2004ȑǶவ AAC ‫زࣴޑ‬Ў᝘ύؒԖว౜ӢAAC ϟΕԶቹៜѴ‫ޑٽ‬αᇟว৖ǴЪε೽ҽࣴ‫ز‬ว ౜ǴAAC ‫ޑ‬ϟΕዴჴૈගϲѴ‫ޑٽ‬αᇟૈΚȐླྀᐥநǵЦၰ଻ǵᗛಹীǴ2010ȑǴ ё‫ـ‬٬ҔӚᅿAAC ፏӵЋᇟǵკТҬඤ‫س‬಍ǴаϷᇟॣᒡрྎ೯း࿼/ᇟॣғԋး࿼ ȐVoice Output Communication Aids / Speech Generating DeviceȑǴ‫ࢂ܈‬షӝ‫ޑ‬БԄ฻ ϟΕԾഈੱ‫ྎޑ‬೯௲ᏢǴࣣԖԋф‫ޑ‬࿶ᡍȐ݅‫܃ݒ‬ǵླྀ‫ے‬ϘǴ2005ǹഋ߷ሎǴ2010ǹ ໳ऴስǴ2011ǹNunes, 2008ȑǶ ! ! ჹ‫ܭ‬ӵՖ‫ڐ‬շԾഈੱ‫ྎޣ‬೯Ǵ߈ԃ‫׳‬ӢࣁIversenȐ2006/2008ȑ‫܌‬๱‫ޑ‬Ȩ‫ڻ‬ᙬ‫ޑ‬ ࠸ηȐStrange Sonȑȩ΋ਜჹૻ৲ࡰᇡ‫ݤ‬Ǵќᆀࣁӷ҆‫ྎހ‬೯‫ݤ‬ȐInformative Pointing Method, IPMȑ௪ଆᜢ‫ޑݙ‬዗ዊǶ୯ϣӧ2009ԃ२ԛௗ᝻Ѻӷྎ೯Ǵύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱ ᕴ཮ᗎፎΑऍ୯"ҥջ‫ݯ‬ᘰԾഈੱ୷ߎ཮ȐCure Autism Now, CANȑ"‫ޑ‬ബᒤΓIversen ٰᆵǴϩ٦ᔅշԾഈੱᏢಞѺӷ‫ޑ‬࿶ᡍǴΨ൩Ԝඟ໒Αᆵ᡼"եαᇟѺӷྎ೯"‫ׇޑ‬ჿ Ȑύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮Ǵ2009ȑǶ ! ! ύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮ԿԜ໒‫ۈ‬๱Ћࣴ‫ز‬ȨѠ‫ހ‬ӷ҆‫ྎހ‬೯‫ݤ‬ȩ Ǵ٠‫ ܭ‬2010 ԃ 4 Дቻ‫ڐ؃‬շࣴ‫ޑز‬௲ᏢঁਢȐύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮Ǵ2010ȑǴϐࡕഌុჴࡼȨӷ҆‫ހ‬ ྎ೯‫ݤ‬πբ֝ȩ‫ޑ‬ჴᡍ‫܄‬௲ᏢीฝаϷ௲Ꮲว߄཮Ǵᡣ୯ϣ‫ޑ‬คȐեȑαᇟૈΚ‫ޣ‬ᇡ ᛽ќ΋ᅿᆶѦࣚྎ೯‫ޑ‬ᆅၰȐύ๮҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮Ǵ2012ȑǴ‫׳‬ӭ࣬ᜢૻ৲ё‫ـ‬ύ๮ ҇୯Ծഈੱᕴ཮ᆛ।Ȑhttp://www.autism.org.tw/modules/news/ȑǶՠᆶ୯Ѧ‫ ޑ‬IPM ό ӕϐೀǴ୯Ѧ‫ ޑ‬IPM όத٬Ҕަᡏ‫ڐ‬շǴԶ୯ϣ‫ޑ‬Ѻӷྎ೯ΞуΕΑ FCǴբࣁ΋ᅿ ‫ڐ‬շምᛖ‫ޣ‬຾Չྎ೯‫מޑ‬ѯȐ໳໡޹ǴࣴಞᖱကǴ2012 ԃ 10 Д 6 ВȑǶ ! ! ࣴ‫ޣز‬ΨමӭԛୖᆶѺӷྎ೯࣬ᜢ‫ࣴޑ‬ಞǴ٠‫ܭ‬౜൑ᢀነᖱ‫ޣ‬ᇶշ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғ ຾ՉѺӷྎ೯ǶᢀነၸำǴᖱৣ஥๱Ꮲғ‫ޑ‬Ћ‫ז‬ೲӦӧ‫݈ॣݙ‬΢०ᆸǴԶ೭٤คαᇟ ‫܈‬եαᇟ‫يޑ‬ЈምᛖᏢғഖ೿ૈֹ᏾߄ၲԾρ‫ޑ‬གྷ‫ݤ‬ǴϣЈག‫ډ‬คКᡋ჎Ǵ೭ࢂց൩ ࢂคαᇟ‫܈‬եαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ӧྎ೯ᆶΓሞϕ୏‫ޑ‬΋ၰᔛӀ?୷‫ܭ‬೭ҽᐟ୏Ǵࣴ‫ޣز‬ ନΑᑈཱུୖᆶࣴಞǴΨୖԵ࣬ᜢЎ᝘Ǵ‫ܭ׳‬ᖏ‫׉‬ύ၂კᆶᏢғᒃԾᄽግǶᄽግය໔Ծ ฅԖ೚ӭόዕግǴჹ‫ܭ‬ᖱৣόᘐமፓ‫ޑ‬ȨߞЈȩɡȨ࣬ߞԾρǴΨ࣬ߞ࠸ηȩȐ໳໡ 2.

(13) ޹ǴࣴಞᖱကǴ2012 ԃ 10 Д 6 Вȑ‫ۺཷޑ‬ӑຝు‫څ‬ǴՠόխΨ཮གྷଆ Norton (2006) මගр‫ޑ‬གྷ‫ݤ‬Ǵࢂցբࣁ‫ޑ཮ޗ‬΋ҽηǴ‫ॺך‬ᕴࢂჱᜫ࣬ߞа௃གࣁ୷ᘵ‫ޑ‬٣ჴǴԶ ߚа੿࣬ࣁ୷ᘵ‫ޑ‬٣ჴǶӢԜǴ‫׳‬уుࣴ‫ޣز‬གྷుΕ௖૸ FC ‫୏ޑ‬ᐒǶ ! ! FC ࢂࡰࢂ΋ᅿ೸ၸᇶշ‫ޣ‬ග‫يٮ‬ᡏǵ‫ق‬ᇟϷЈ౛‫ޑ‬БԄᔅշྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬຾Չྎ ೯‫מޑ‬ѯǴӧۘคჴ᛾ਥᏵΠёஒϐᘜࣁቶက‫ ޑ‬AAC ‫ۓ‬ကύȐASHA, 1994ȑǶ࣬ၨ ‫ܭ‬த‫ ޑـ‬AAC ӭаࣽ‫מ‬ᇶ‫ڀ‬ϟΕǴFC ߾аΓբࣁᇶ‫ڀ‬Ǵࢂ΋ᅿ࣬՟‫ ܭ‬AAC ύუՔ ‫ڐ‬շ‫מ‬ѯ‫׎ޑ‬ԄȐ‫ػ۔‬ЎǴࣴಞᖱကǴ2012 ԃ 4 Д 15 ВȑǴᔅշαᇟό‫ޣى‬ჴ౜ྎ ೯‫ޑ‬ёૈǶ ! ! FC ‫ޑ‬౰Չ‫ ܭۈ‬20 Шइ 70 ԃж҃Ǵҗᐞεճ٥‫ޑ‬௲‫ػ‬ৎ Crossley ᔈҔަᡏЍ࡭ ‫ڐ‬շคαᇟတ‫܄‬࿂࿄஻‫ྎޣ‬೯٠ᕇளԋф‫ޑ‬࿶ᡍ (Jacobson, Mulick & Schwartz, 1995) ԶౢғǶԶ 1989 ԃਔ Biklen ໒‫ۈ‬ஒ FC Ї຾ऍ୯ (Biklen, 1990)ǴԿԜ FC ‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬ ӧऍ୯‫ז‬ೲቚуǶҗԜё‫ޕ‬ǴFC ӧ୯ѦԐςՉϐԖԃǴՠ‫ ܭ‬90 ԃжය໔ࠅමวғ‫܄‬ ផᘋ‫ޑ‬ນ೜٣ҹ (Jones , 1994ǹSiegel, 1995)ǴӢԜ྽ਔр౜Α೚ӭ፦ᅪᆶϸჹ‫ޑ‬ᖂ ੁǶ ! ! FCࢂց࿶‫ޑ‬ଆࣽᏢᡍ᛾΋‫ޔ‬Ԗࡐε‫ݾ‬᝼ǴԶϐ‫܌‬аԖӵԜ‫ݾ‬᝼ΏӢFCค‫ݤ‬ᕇள ᝄᙣ‫ࣽޑ‬Ꮲჴ᛾ (Green & Shane, 1994)ǶFC‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭‫ޣ‬Biklenමว߄ЎകǴᇡࣁჴᡍ࠻ ϣ‫ࣽޑ‬Ꮲᡍ᛾ࢂค‫ྗݤ‬ዴຑሽрӧԾฅ௃ნύ٬ҔFC‫ޑ‬ਏ݀ (Biklen & Duchan, 1994)ǴӢԜόૈӢFC҂ᕇளࣽᏢᡍ᛾Զցᇡ‫ځ‬ԋਏǶ FC‫ܭ‬୯ϣගঀԿϞǴନΑၽ௴ᆺȐ1994ȑමว߄ȨFCȐFacilitated Communicationȑ ɡȺЍ࡭ྎ೯‫ݤ‬ȻЇଆ‫ݾޑ‬᝼Ϸ࣪ࡘȩ΋ЎǴаϷ‫ࢩܴ׵‬Ȑ2012a, 2012bȑ߈ԃჹFC ࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒϐ௖૸Ǵ୯ϣᏢೌ΢൳Я҂ӆр౜‫ځ‬д‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢЎ᝘Ƕ౜Ϟᖏ‫ݯ׉‬ᕍᖱ‫ز‬ჴ᛾ ᙴᏢǴคፕ୯ϣ୯ѦςࢂШࣚᖿ༈ǴӧલϿЍ࡭Ў᝘‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬ΠǴᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣջ٬Αှ FCۘ҂‫ډڙ‬ჴ᛾ᙴᏢ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭ǴࠅѸ໪ӕਔߥៈեαᇟྎ೯ૈΚ‫ྎޑޣ‬೯៾ճǴᆶᆢ ៈдॺௗ‫ڙ‬Ԗ࿶ၸࣽᏢᡍ᛾ϐ௲Ꮲ‫੻៾ޑݤ‬ǶӢԜǴࣴ‫ޣز‬ᇡࣁǴ‫ࣁي‬ᔅշ‫ي‬Јምᛖ ‫ߦޣ‬຾ྎ೯Չࣁ‫ޑ‬ಃ΋ጕ஑཰Γ঩ɡᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣǴᔈଞჹFCϟΕྎ೯૽ግ‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ౜ ‫ݩ‬Ϸ‫ځ‬௲Ꮲᄊࡋуа௖૸Ƕ ࣴ‫ޣز‬Ծ‫ࣁي‬ᖏ‫׉‬ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣǴ‫ܭ‬ᖏ‫׉‬ύ࿶தௗ᝻‫ډ‬ᇟ‫ق‬ว৖ᒨ጗‫ޑ‬Ծഈੱ‫ูٽ‬Ǵ ࣁᔅշдॺቚуᆶΓϕ୏ǵྎ೯‫୏ޑ‬ᐒǴ๏ϒ‫ڐޑ‬շӭࣁ௲ᏤЋ༈୏բǵკТҬඤྎ 3.

(14) ೯Ǵ‫ࢂ܈‬AACࣽ‫מ‬ᇶ‫ޑڀ‬ϟಏᆶᒌ၌ǶՠӧѳВғࢲᕉნύǴৎߏӧᒧ᏷٬Ҕ೭٤Б ԄਔǴჹ‫ܭ‬AACࣽ‫מ‬ᇶ‫ڀ‬Ӣሽ਱ǵឫ஥όБߡ฻ӢનǴௗ‫࣬ࡋڙ‬ჹၨեȐᗛ᜽ࣔǵ໳ ୯એǵ໳లนǴ2011ȑǹԶЋ༈୏բᆶკьྎ೯Ǵᗨฅࢂεӭৎߏᒧ᏷‫ޑ‬ЬाБԄǴ ՠϣ৒Ԗज़Ǵ࠸η‫߄ޑ‬ၲϣ৒ค‫ݤ‬ӭϡϯǴࣗԿ཮р౜ؒԖዴϪᒧ໨‫ึޑ‬ნǶӢԜǴ ࣴ‫ޣز‬ϝόᘐ൨‫ࢂפ‬ցԖ‫׳‬፾ӝ‫ྎޑ‬೯БԄǴԶ୯ϣ߈යFC‫ޑ‬௢ቶǴჹ‫ܭ‬೭ኬᆶ໺ ಍Ћ‫ݤ‬όӕ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ،‫ۓ‬൨‫࣬פ‬ᜢЎ᝘уаΑှǴΨωჹIPM‫ک‬FCԖ‫׳‬ӭ‫ޑ‬ᇡ᛽Ƕ ќѦǴࣴ‫ޣز‬ჹ‫ܭ‬FC‫ཱུٿ‬ᆄ‫ݾޑ‬᝼ҭག‫ډ‬ӳ‫ڻ‬Ǵό‫ځޕ‬дᖏ‫׉‬Ϸჴ୍πբϐᇟ ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣࢂցჹFCӕኬԖό΋ኬ‫ـޑ‬ှ?Ѐ‫ځ‬ӧόӕ‫ޑ‬ङඳᡂ໨ύǴ‫ݯ‬ᕍৣࢂց཮Ӣ ࣁ୍ܺ୔ୱ‫ډڙ‬ၨӭၗྍଛ๏‫ޑ‬ቹៜǵ୍ܺԃၗჹ‫ܭ‬ௗ‫ڙ‬ཥ‫ݯ‬ᕍ‫ޑݤ‬዗၈ǵ‫܄‬ձৡ౦ ‫܈‬ৎߏයఈ฻ӢનǴԶӧय़ჹFCਔ཮р౜ό΋ኬ‫ޑ‬ᄊࡋᆶՉ୏?ࡺ຾Չҁࣴ‫ز‬Ǵ‫׆‬ఈ уаᙶమ࣬ᜢୢᚒǶ ! ! ᆕӝ΢ॊǴଞჹԜ΋ࣴ‫ز‬ЬᚒǴҁࣴ‫ز‬௦ୢ‫ڔ‬ፓࢗϐໆϯࣴ‫ز‬Ǵᒧ‫زࣴۓ‬ჹຝࣁ ୍ܺ‫ܭ‬Ѡ᡼Ӧ୔ᙴᕍଣ‫܌‬ǵ‫཮ޗ‬ᅽճᐒᄬ‫܈‬Ꮲਠ‫س‬಍ϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣǴ٠௖૸‫ځ‬ჹ FC ‫ޑ‬ჴ୍୺ՉϐᕕှำࡋаϷ࣬ᜢ࿶ᡍǶനࡕࣴ‫ޣز‬ஒ٩Ᏽࣴ‫่݀ز‬Ǵ຾΋‫؁‬௖૸ቹៜ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ‫ܭ‬٬Ҕ FC ϐ౜‫࣬ݩ‬ᜢচӢǴаග‫ٮ‬๏࣬ᜢൂՏࡌ᝼բୖԵǶ. 4.

(15) ಃΒ࿯ ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶࡑเୢᚒ ! ! ਥᏵ΢࿯‫܌‬ॊϐࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒǴҁࣴ‫ز‬௦ୢ‫ڔ‬БԄ຾ՉፓࢗǴаᕕှᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍ ৣ٬Ҕ FC ‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ౜‫ݩ‬Ǵ૟ஒࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶࡑเୢᚒǴϩձᇥܴ ӵΠǺ ൘ǵࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԖΟ໨Ьाࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬Ǻ ΋ǵΑှѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᄊࡋǶ ΒǵΑှѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍǶ Οǵ௖‫ز‬Ѡ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣᇡࣁ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ֚ნǶ നࡕᆕӝࣴ‫่݀ز‬Ǵග‫ࡌٮ‬᝼բࣁ࣬ᜢൂՏୖԵϐҔǶ ມǵࡑเୢᚒ ٩Ᏽ߻ॊࣴ‫ز‬ϐҞ‫ޑ‬Ǵҁࣴ‫ز‬ϐࡑเୢᚒӵΠǺ ΋ǵΑှѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᄊࡋǶ 1-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᇡ᛽ࣁՖ? 1-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ࣮‫ࣁݤ‬Ֆ? 1-3 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐཀᜫࣁՖ? 1-4 όӕङඳᡂ໨ϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹа٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐᇡ᛽ǵ࣮‫ݤ‬ ᆶཀᜫࢂցԖᡉ๱‫ޑ܄‬ৡ౦? ΒǵΑှѠ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ 2-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐჴࡼБԄࣁՖ? 2-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐϟΕᕉნࣁՖ? 2-3 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ຾অࣴಞ௃‫׎‬ӵՖ? 2-4 όӕङඳᡂ໨ϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐჴࡼ௃‫ݩ‬ǵϟ ΕᕉნǴаϷ຾অࣴಞࢂցԖᡉ๱‫ޑ܄‬ৡ౦? Οǵ௖‫ز‬Ѡ᡼ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣᇡࣁ٬ҔFC‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ֚ნ 3-1 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ϐЍ࡭ӢનࣁՖ? 3-2 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ᑼΕྎ೯௃ნύ‫܌‬ၶ֚ᘋࣁՖ? 5.

(16) 3-3 ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣჹ‫ܭ‬٬Ҕ FC ‫܌‬ၶ֚ᘋ௦ҔϐӢᔈ฼ౣԖব٤? 3-4 όӕङඳᡂ໨ϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ϐЍ࡭ӢનǵᑼΕྎ೯௃ნύ‫܌‬ၶ֚ᘋǴа Ϸ௦ҔϐӢᔈ฼ౣࢂցԖᡉ๱‫ޑ܄‬ৡ౦?. 6.

(17) ಃΟ࿯ Ӝຒញက ! ! аΠࣁҁࣴ‫܌ز‬ගϷϐ࣬ᜢख़ाӜຒǴբࣁཷ‫ۓ܄ۺ‬ကаϷᏹբ‫ۓ܄‬ကǴ૟ஒ‫ځ‬ ࣚ‫کۓ‬ᇥܴϩॊӵΠǺ ൘ǵʳ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ȐPeople with disabilitiesȑ ! ! ਥᏵ‫ך‬୯നཥঅुϐȨ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ߥ੻៾ޣ‬ም‫ݤ‬ȩȐ2012ȑ‫ځ‬ύಃϖచ‫܌‬ᆀ‫ي‬Јም ᛖ‫ޣ‬ǴࡰΠӈӚී‫ي‬ᡏ‫س‬಍ᄬ೷‫܈‬фૈǴԖཞ໾‫܈‬όӄᏤठᡉ๱ୃᚆ‫܈‬഼ѨǴቹៜ‫ځ‬ ࢲ୏ᆶୖᆶ‫཮ޗ‬ғࢲǴ࿶ᙴ٣ǵ‫཮ޗ‬πբǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᆶᙍ཰ᇶᏤຑໆ฻࣬ᜢ஑཰Γ঩ ಔԋϐ஑཰ი໗᠘‫ۓ‬Ϸຑ՗ǴሦԖ‫ي‬Јምᛖ᛾ܴ‫ޣ‬Ǻ ΋ǵઓ࿶‫س‬಍ᄬ೷ϷᆒઓǵЈඵфૈǶ Βǵ౳ǵԸϷ࣬ᜢᄬ೷ᆶག‫۔‬фૈϷੵภǶ ΟǵੋϷᖂॣᆶ‫ق‬ᇟᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ Ѥǵൻᕉǵ೷Ոǵխࣝᆶ‫س֎ڥ‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ ϖǵ੃ϯǵཥഋжᖴᆶϣϩ‫سݜ‬಍࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ Ϥǵ‫ֿݜ‬ᆶғ෗‫س‬಍࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ Ύǵઓ࿶ǵԼԺǵମᓝϐ౽୏࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ ΖǵҜጥᆶ࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ ! ! ࡺҁࣴ‫يޑز‬Јምᛖ‫ࡰࢂޣ‬࿶Ϧ‫د‬ҥᙴଣ‫܈‬੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬஑ৎ᠘‫ۓ‬Ǵ಄ӝ΢ॊచҹ٠ ሦԖ‫ي‬ЈምᛖЋн‫ޣ‬ǴЪαᇟૈΚԖज़‫܈‬คαᇟૈΚ‫ޣ‬Զ‫ق‬Ƕ ມǵʳᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣȐSpeech-Language Pathologistȑ ! ! ਥᏵϣࡹ೽Ȑ2008ȑႧѲᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ‫ݤ‬Ǵᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ‫܌‬຾Չ‫୍཰ޑ‬ԖǺ ΋ǵᄬॣǵᇟᄣǵ།ॣǵӅሳምᛖϐຑ՗ᆶ‫ݯ‬ᕍǶ Βǵᇟ‫ق‬౛ှǵ߄ၲምᛖϐຑ՗ᆶ‫ݯ‬ᕍǶ Οǵտᚮምᛖϐຑ՗ᆶ‫ݯ‬ᕍǶ Ѥǵྎ೯ምᛖᇶշ‫س‬಍٬Ҕϐຑ՗ᆶ૽ግǶ ϖǵᇟ‫ق‬ว৖ᒨ጗ϐຑ՗ᆶ‫ݯ‬ᕍǶ Ϥǵᇟ‫ق‬ǵᇥ၉ᆶտᚮфૈϐሺᏔᏹբǶ Ύǵ‫ځ‬д࿶җύѧЬᆅᐒᜢᇡёϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ཰୍Ƕ 7.

(18) ! ! ҁࣴ‫ز‬ύ‫܌‬ගϐᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣǴΏࡰਥᏵϣࡹ೽Ȑ2008ȑ‫܌‬ႧѲᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ‫ݤ‬ύ࿶ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣԵ၂Ϸ਱٠ሦԖᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ᛾ਜ‫ޣ‬ǴЪςֹԋᙍ཰ฦ૶٠୍ܺ‫ܭ‬Ѡ᡼чǵ ύǵܿϷࠄ୔Ӛ୔ୱϐᙴᕍଣ‫܌‬ǵ‫཮ޗ‬ᅽճᐒᄬ‫܈‬Ꮲਠ‫س‬಍‫ޣ‬Զ‫ق‬Ƕ ୖǵʳߦ຾ྎ೯‫(ݤ‬Facilitated Communication, FC) ! ! American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationΰASHA, 1994ȑම‫ۓ‬က FCǴΨё ᆀࣁ facilitated communication trainingȐᙁᆀ FCTȑࢂ΋ᅿ೸ၸᇶշ‫ޣ‬ග‫يٮ‬ᡏǵ‫ق‬ ᇟϷЈ౛‫ޑ‬БԄᔅշྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬຾Չྎ೯‫מޑ‬ѯǶFC ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬ᙖҗᗺࡰკТǵ಄ဦǵ ӷ҆‫ک‬/‫ൂ܈‬ຒ‫ޑ‬БԄ຾Չྎ೯Ƕ࣬ၨ‫ܭ‬ᐱҥ຾Չ߄ၲǴ೸ၸᇶշ‫ޣ‬๏ϒӭᅿ‫׎‬Ԅ‫ޑ‬ Ѝ࡭ǴFC ‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ‫ૈޣ‬໺ၲ‫׳‬ӭፄᚇЪჴҔ‫ྎޑ‬೯ૻ৲Ǵ೭ኬ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭୷‫ܭ‬੝‫ۓ‬ሡ‫ࢂ؃‬ ଯࡋঁΓϯ‫ޑ‬ǴӢԜόӕ‫ޑ‬Γ٬Ҕ཮Ԗόӕ‫ޑ‬БԄȐInstitute on Communication and Inclusion, ᙁᆀ ICI, 2011ȑǶ ! ! ‫ي‬ᡏջࢂࡰаΓ‫ן‬Ћٰᔅշྎ೯ምᛖ‫ྗޣ‬ዴࡰᗺ಄ဦǴӧ౛གྷ‫ݩځޑ‬ΠǴவЋ‫ޑ‬ ֹӄ‫࡭ן‬Ǵ೴ᅌ෧ଏࣁЋ๙‫࡭ןޑ‬Ǵϐࡕࢂᇸ᝻ުᆮගҢǶ‫ق‬ᇟ߾ࢂஒ‫ي‬ም‫ࡰޣ‬ᗺр ‫ޑ‬಄ဦ୦рǴаᆶྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬ਡჹࡰᗺϣ৒Ǵ‫ࢂ܈‬ӧྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬ค‫ݤ‬໩ճֹԋࡰᇡਔǴ ๏ϒαᇟගҢ‫܈‬ӣ㎸ǶЈ౛߾ࢂᇶշ‫ྎߞ࣬ޣ‬೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ԗྎ೯‫ૈޑ‬ΚǴ൧ख़дॺྎ೯ ‫ޑ‬БԄᆶཀᜫȐၽ௴ᆺǴ1994ǹ໳໡޹Ǵ2012ǹMyers et al., 1998ȑǶ ! ! ҁࣴ‫ࡰ܌ز‬ϐᇶշྎ೯‫ࡰࢂݤ‬ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣǴਥᏵ஑཰ղᘐϷྎ೯ምᛖ‫ঁޣ‬ձሡ‫؃‬Ǵ ࣁߦ຾‫ྎځ‬೯‫܌‬٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿྎ೯‫ڐ‬շ‫מ‬ѯǶ စǵʳૻ৲ࡰᇡ‫(ݤ‬Informative pointing method, IPM) ! ! ࡰᙖҗࡰᇡӷ҆‫ހ‬БԄ຾Չྎ೯ǶIversenȐ2007ȑමᇥܴӧ຾ՉIPMϐ߻Ǵ໪Ӄ ዴᇡ࠸η‫ޑ‬ӃഢૈΚǴऩ࠸ηۘค‫҅ݤ‬ዴࡰᇡӷ҆Ǵ߾໪Ӄ೸ၸᒣձǵ୮ᒧ฻ൻ‫ׇ‬ᅌ ຾Ӧ૽ግ࠸ηǶനࡕଷ೛࠸ηаᕕှӵՖ᎙᠐Ǵᒧ᏷಄ӝ࠸ηԃស‫ޑ‬௲‫׷‬ᆶ၉ᚒǴ೸ ၸЇᏤ࠸η‫ޑ‬ҞӀᆶЋ຾Չᒧ᏷ࡰᇡǴᡣคȐեȑαᇟૈΚ‫ޣ‬аග‫ૻٮ‬৲‫ޑ‬БԄ߄ၲ рԾ‫ך‬ሡ‫؃‬Ϸགྷ‫ݤ‬ȐIversen, 2007ȑ Ƕ ! ! ҁࣴ‫ࡰ܌ز‬ϐૻ৲ࡰᇡ‫يࡰࢂݤ‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ᙖࡰᇡύЎ‫ॣݙ‬಄ဦϐરᗖዬǴၲԋЬ ୏ᆶдΓ຾Չྎ೯‫ޑ‬ՉࣁǶ. 8.

(19) ಃΒക Ў᝘௖૸ ! ! ҁࣴ‫ز‬ԑӧ௖૸ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣ٬Ҕ FC ‫ڐ‬շեαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯ϐ౜‫ݩ‬ǴӢԜҁ കӅϩࣁΟ࿯Ǵ٩‫ׇ‬௖૸‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ૈΚǵᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ཀ఼ᆶᔈҔǵ FC ϐཀ఼ᆶ࣬ᜢჴ᛾ࣴ‫ز‬฻ЬᚒբЎ᝘ӣ៝Ƕ. ಃ΋࿯ʳ ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ምᛖ ! ! ྎ೯ࢂᆢ࡭ғ‫ڮ‬ύന୷ҁ‫ૈמޑ‬Ǵࢂௗԏ‫܈‬ග‫ૻٮ‬৲ǵག௃ᆶᄊࡋ‫ޑ‬ၸำǴ‫܌‬Ԗ ғ‫֡ނ‬ᆶૻ৲คЗᅰ‫ޑ‬໺ሀԖᜢǴԶᇟ‫ق‬ӧྎ೯‫ޑ‬ၸำύǴ߾೏ᇡࣁࢂ΋ᅿЋࢤǴ΋ ᅿᏢಞ‫ޑ‬π‫ڀ‬Ȑ݅ᝊ຦Ǵ2006ȑǶᇥ၉ǴΨ൩ࢂ‫܌ॺך‬ዕ஼‫ޑ‬αᇟǴ߾ࢂҔаஒᇟ‫ق‬ ‫ޑ‬ೕ߾ᒡр‫ޑ‬΋ᅿБ‫ݤ‬ǶฅԶǴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ύࠅԖԭϩϐΎΜϖа΢‫ڀ‬Ԗྎ೯‫ޑ‬ምᛖǴ ጄൎᐉၠඵምǵ᠋ምǵᇟምǵަምǵ௃ምǵᏢምǵӭምǵԾഈੱǵว৖ᒨ጗฻ȐЦࠄ ఘǴ1999ȑǶаΠஒଞჹ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐ੝፦ᆶྎ೯ምᛖ຾Չ௖૸Ƕ. ൘ǵʳ. ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐ‫ۓ‬ကᆶϣ఼. ! ! ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ߥ੻៾ޣ‬ም‫ݤ‬Ծ2011ԃ7Д11ВଆǴჴࡼ‫ي‬Јምᛖ᠘‫ۓ‬ᆶሡ‫؃‬ຑ՗ཥ‫ڋ‬Ǵ ନΑёᕕှ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫يޑޣ‬ᡏ่ᄬᆶфૈཞ໾ǴΨख़ຎ‫܌ځ‬ೀᕉნჹঁΓࢲ୏߄౜‫ޑ‬ ቹៜǶϣࡹ೽‫ܭ‬2012ԃวթ΢ъԃϐ‫ي‬ЈምᛖԃសϩѲК‫ٯ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬ύ0Կ҂ᅈ12ྃ‫ي‬Ј ምᛖК౗ࣁ1.17ʘǴ12Կ҂ᅈ18ྃࣁ1.69ʘǴ18Կ҂ᅈ65ྃࣁ3.91ʘǴ65ྃа΢߾ၲ 16.14ʘǶԖ᠙‫يܭ‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬х֖ӚԃសቫϐጄൎȐ֖Ꮲ߻ǵᏢសǵԋΓ฻ȑ Ǵ྽ύό Юၲ፾Ꮲԃសϐ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ǴԶ‫ي‬Јምᛖᜪձҗচᙑ‫ڋ‬16ᜪձ‫ׯ‬җཥ‫ڋ‬8ᜪձǴᆶ2009 ԃঅ҅ϐ੝ਸ௲‫يݤػ‬ЈምᛖᏢғϩᜪࣁ12ᜪԖ‫܌‬όӕǴӢԜࣁᕕှ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐ੝ ‫܄‬Ǵஒ‫ܭ‬ΠӈჹICFᆶ੝௲‫ݤ‬຾Չᇥܴᆶ᏾ӝǶ. ΋ǵ‫ي‬Јምᛖϐ‫ۓ‬က եαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ջԖᇥ၉ᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴԶ೷ԋᇥ၉ᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖ‫ޑ‬চӢǴё ૈхࡴғ౛ᄬ೷‫ޑ‬લഐ‫܈‬ཞ໾ǵεတҜ፦ઓ࿶фૈ‫ޑ‬౦தǵᇡ‫ૈޕ‬ΚаϷᕉნЎϯ฻ ӢનȐ݅ᝊ຦ǵᒹᝊ३Ǵ2006ȑǴ೭٤ԋӢΨදၹр౜ӧ‫ځ‬дᜪձϐ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ǴӢ Ԝҁ࿯ஒӃଞჹ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬຾Չቶကϐ௖૸Ƕਥ2009ԃঅ҅ϐ੝௲‫ݤ‬ಃ3చೕ‫ۓ‬Ǵ‫܌‬ 9.

(20) ᆀ‫ي‬ЈምᛖǴࡰӢғ౛‫܈‬Ј౛ϐምᛖǴ࿶஑཰ຑ՗Ϸ᠘‫ڀۓ‬Ꮲಞ੝ਸሡ‫؃‬Ǵ໪੝ਸ௲ ‫ػ‬Ϸ࣬ᜢ୍ܺ௛ࡼϐ‫ڐ‬շ‫ޣ‬ǹ‫ځ‬ϩᜪӵΠǺ ඵૈምᛖǵຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖǵᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖǵަᡏምᛖǵ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ǵ௃ᆣՉࣁምᛖǵ Ꮲಞምᛖǵӭख़ምᛖǵԾഈੱǵว৖ᒨ጗ǵ‫ځ‬дምᛖǶ ! ! Զ2011ԃ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ߥ੻៾ޣ‬ም‫ݤ‬ಃ5చೕ‫ۓ‬Ǵ‫܌‬ᆀ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ǴࡰΠӈӚී‫ي‬ᡏ ‫س‬಍ᄬ೷‫܈‬фૈǴԖཞ໾‫܈‬όӄᏤठᡉ๱ୃᚆ‫܈‬഼ѨǴቹៜ‫୏ࢲځ‬ᆶୖᆶ‫཮ޗ‬ғࢲǴ ࿶ᙴ٣ǵ‫཮ޗ‬πբǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᆶᙍ཰ᇶᏤຑໆ฻࣬ᜢ஑཰Γ঩ಔԋϐ஑཰ი໗᠘‫ۓ‬Ϸ ຑ՗ǴሦԖ‫ي‬Јምᛖ᛾ܴ‫ޣ‬Ȑϣࡹ೽Ǵ2010ȑǺ (΋) ઓ࿶‫س‬಍ᄬ೷ϷᆒઓǵЈඵфૈǶ (Β) ౳ǵԸϷ࣬ᜢᄬ೷ᆶག‫۔‬фૈϷੵภǶ (Ο) ੋϷᖂॣᆶ‫ق‬ᇟᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ (Ѥ) ൻᕉǵ೷Ոǵխࣝᆶ‫س֎ڥ‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ (ϖ) ੃ϯǵཥഋжᖴᆶϣϩ‫سݜ‬಍࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ (Ϥ) ‫ֿݜ‬ᆶғ෗‫س‬಍࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ (Ύ) ઓ࿶ǵԼԺǵମᓝϐ౽୏࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ (Ζ) Ҝጥᆶ࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈǶ ! ! ஒа΢ϣ৒᏾ӝӵΠ߄2-1-1:. 10.

(21) ߄2-1-1 ICFᆶ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғϩᜪϐჹྣ߄ ୔ϩ ඵ ຎ ᠋ ᇟ ૈ ᝺ ᝺ ‫ق‬ ም ም ም ም ᛖ. ᛖ. ᛖ. ᛖ. ަ ᡏ ም. ‫ي‬ ᡏ ੰ. ௃ ᆣ Չ. Ꮲ ಞ ም. ӭ ख़ ም. ᛖ. ১. ࣁ ም ᛖ. ᛖ. ᛖ. ●. ●. ●. Ծ ഈ ੱ. ว ৖ ᒨ. ‫ځ‬ д ም. ጗. ᛖ. ●. ●. ઓ࿶‫س‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ ᆒઓǵЈඵфૈཞ. ●. ●. ໾ ౳ǵԸϷ࣬ᜢᄬ೷ ᆶག‫۔‬фૈϷੵ ภཞ໾. ●. ●. ●. ੋϷᖂॣ‫قک‬ᇟ ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ ໾. ●. ●. ൻᕉǵ೷Ոǵխࣝ ᆶ‫س֎ڥ‬಍ᄬ೷ Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾ ੃ϯǵཥഋжᖴᆶ ϣϩ‫سݜ‬಍ᄬ೷ Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ‫ֿݜ‬ᆶғ෗‫س‬಍ ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ ໾ ઓ࿶ǵԼԺǵମᓝ ϐ౽୏࣬ᜢᄬ೷. ●. Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾ Ҝጥᆶ࣬ᜢᄬ೷ Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾. ●. ●. ●. ●. ●. ຏǺ௦Ծ௲‫ػ‬೽Ȑ2012ȑǶ௲‫ػ‬೽ჹ‫ي‬ЈምᛖᏢғϩᜪᆶཥ‫ڋ‬ϩᜪȐICFȑӢᔈᇥܴǶ ѠчѱǺ௲‫ػ‬೽Ƕጕ΢ᔠ઩Вය: 2012ԃ12Д8ВǶᆛ֟: http://www.batol.net/batol-help/article-detail.asp?id=1573. 11.

(22) Βǵʳ‫ي‬Јምᛖϐ੝፦ ! ! җ‫يܭ‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐ౦፦‫܄‬ᆶঁձϯǴICFύཥቚуᕉნӢનᆶምᛖࡕቹៜϐሡ‫؃‬ ຑ՗Ǵՠऩவምᛖ‫܄‬፦‫ޑ‬ᢀᗺԶ‫ق‬Ψӕኬ཮Ԗࢌ٤࣬՟‫ޑ‬੝ቻǶӢԜǴࣴ‫ޣز‬᏾౛࣬ ᜢЎ᝘Ȑύ ๮ ҇ ୯ ඵ ም ‫ ޣ‬ৎ ߏ ᕴ ཮ Ǵ 2008ǹ Ֆ๮୯Ǵ2006ǹ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ǹ݅ᝊ ຦Ǵ2006ǹླྀⶂ޹Ǵ2005ǹᗛҏఘǴ1995ȑǴ٠ਥᏵ΢ॊ᏾ӝϐICF Ȑ2011ȑᆶ੝௲ ‫ݤ‬Ȑ2009ȑϐϩᜪᇥܴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐምձ‫ۓ‬ကᆶ੝፦Ƕ (΋) ઓ࿶‫س‬಍ᄬ೷ϷᆒઓǵЈඵфૈཞ໾: ! ! ջࡰઓ࿶‫س‬಍ᄬ೷ᆶတфૈȐΞᆀЈඵфૈȑว৖ϐཞ໾Ƕ‫ځ‬ύတфૈΞёϩࣁ ᏾ᡏЈඵфૈᆶ੝‫ۓ‬ЈඵфૈΒεᜪǶ ᏾ᡏЈඵфૈхࡴཀ᛽ǵ‫ۓ‬ՏȐ‫ۓ‬ӛȑǵඵ Κǵ᏾ᡏЈ౛‫཮ޗ‬ǵ਻፦ᆶΓ਱੝፦ǵᆒΚᆶ០୏ΚϷᅵ઀฻фૈǶ੝‫ۓ‬Јඵфૈ఼ ᇂ‫ݙ‬ཀΚǵ૶Ꮻǵᆒઓ୏բ௓‫ڋ‬ǵ௃ᆣǵ‫ޕ‬᝺ǵࡘԵǵଯ໘ᇡ‫ޕ‬ǵᇟ‫ق‬ǵीᆉǵ٩‫ׇ‬ ୺Չፄᚇ୏բǵԾ‫ך‬ᆶਔ໔ᡏᇡ฻фૈȐ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! Ԝϩᜪх֖ඵૈምᛖǵԾഈੱǵ௃ᆣՉࣁምᛖǵᏢಞምᛖǵว৖ᒨ጗ᆶ‫ځ‬дምᛖ Ȑ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑǶԶ‫ځ‬੝፦࣬՟ೀࣁӧ Ꮲ ࣽ Ꮲ ಞ ‫ ܈‬ೀ ౛ В த ғ ࢲ а Ϸ ჹ ຼ ൎ ٣ ‫ޑ ނ‬ Αှ‫ک‬ᕉნ‫ޑ‬፾ᔈૈΚБय़ǴࣣၨӕԃសϐӕՔᡉ๱጗ᄌǴ‫ځ‬ύ೭٤ૈΚ᠈ ಍Ӧ х ࡴ:ྎ ೯ǵ Ծ ‫ ៝ ྣ ך‬ǵ ‫ ޗ‬Ҭૈ Κ ǵ Ծ‫ך‬Ї Ꮴǵ ф ૈ ‫ ܄‬Ꮲ ࣽ ૈ Κ Ȑ х ֖ ᎙ ᠐ǵਜቪȑ฻Ǵ‫ځ‬Չ ࣁ੝ቻԖਔࣗԿ཮ԖԾ໾ǵჹѦࣚ‫ڈ‬ᐟϸᔈό྽฻ՉࣁǶ (Β) ౳ǵԸϷ࣬ᜢᄬ೷ᆶག‫۔‬фૈϷੵภཞ໾: ! ! ౳Ըᆶ࣬ᜢᄬ೷хࡴ౳࿊‫่ޑ‬ᄬȐ౳ᆂ‫ک‬౳ౚȑ ǵ౳࿊‫ڬ‬ൎ่ᄬǵ‫ک‬ԸԚ่ᄬȐѦ ԸǵύԸǵ‫ک‬ϣԸȑǶག‫۔‬фૈ߾хࡴຎ᝺࣬ᜢфૈǵ᠋᝺࣬ᜢфૈǵ‫ښ‬᝺ǵ༘᝺ǵ ҁᡏ᝺ǵ᝻᝺ǵྕࡋ᝺฻Ƕੵภࢂࡰ‫ي‬ᡏӚ೽Տ‫ޑ‬ภ᝺Ȑ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! Ԝϩᜪх֖ຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖᆶ‫ځ‬дምᛖȐ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑ ǶᏢಞၸำύǴΓॺӭ ᙖշຎ᝺ᆶ᠋᝺‫ޑ‬ҬϕᏢಞᕇளѦࣚϐག᝺࿶ᡍǴԜᜪձϐ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬җ‫ܭ‬೽ҽᏢಞ ག‫۔‬ϐલཞǴԶ৒ܰ‫ܭ‬В த ғ ࢲ ǵ Ꮲ ಞ ǵ Չ ୏ Ϸ ‫ ޗ‬Ҭ ΢ ౢғ ࣬ ྽ӭ ‫ ޑ‬ज़ ‫ ڋ‬Ƕ ‫ځ‬ ύ ᠋ ᝺ ም ᛖ ‫ ޣ‬ന ᡉ ๱ ‫ ޑ‬੝ ቻ ࣁ ܴᡉ ‫ ྎ ޑ‬೯ ֚ ᜤȐ ݅ ᝊ ຦Ǵ1994ȑǴຎ᝺ምᛖ‫ޣ‬ ߾ ჹ ‫ޜ ܭ‬໔ ཷ ‫ ۺ‬ၨ લ ЮȐ ࢒ܴයǴ2011ȑ Ƕ‫ޣٿ‬ჹ‫ܭ‬ᡂ୏ϐᕉნࣣલЮӼӄགǴ Γሞϕ୏΢ΨӢЖલ྽Π‫ޑ‬௃ნૻ৲Ǵ৒ܰౢғྎ೯ό‫ޑؼ‬౜ຝǶ (Ο) ੋϷᖂॣ‫قک‬ᇟᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: 12.

(23) ! ! ੋϷวᖂᆶ‫ق‬ᇟфૈ‫يޑ‬ᡏ่ᄬхࡴሷǵα๚ǵࠒ‫ک‬ോ฻Ѥ೽ϩǴวᖂᆶ‫ق‬ᇟф ૈхࡴวᖂǵᄬॣǵ‫ق‬ᇟ‫ࢬޑ‬ᄣᆶ࿯ࡓǵඹж‫܄‬วᖂ฻ѤᜪȐ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! Ԝϩᜪϐ࣬ᜢምᛖԖᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖ‫ک‬ӭख़ምᛖ‫ٿ‬ᜪǶᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖ‫ޣ‬നܴᡉϐ੝፦ջࣁྎ ೯֚ᜤǴҗ‫ܭ‬ᇟ‫ق‬౛ှϷ߄ၲ‫ܴޑ‬ᡉୃৡǴ৒ܰᏤठᏢಞज़‫ڋ‬Ϸ‫ޗ‬ҬึნȐ݅ᝊ຦Ǵ 2006ȑǶ (Ѥ) ൻᕉǵ೷Ոǵխࣝᆶ‫س֎ڥ‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: ! ! ൻᕉ‫س‬಍Ьा‫ޑ‬ᄬ೷хࡴǺЈ᠌ǵ୏ેǵᓉેϷ༾ՈᆅǴᆶՈనൻᕉ‫ޑ‬фૈԖᜢǹ խࣝ‫س‬಍Ьा‫ޑ‬ᄬ೷хࡴǺరЃᆅǵరЃ่ǵૅဏǵ๠᠌ǵମᡎǴᆶՈన‫ޑ‬ᇙ೷фૈ Ϸխࣝ‫ޑ‬фૈԖᜢǹ‫س֎ڥ‬಍Ьा‫ޑ‬ᄬ೷хࡴǺ਻ᆅǵ‫᠌ޤ‬ǵૅᄂǵ‫֎ڥ‬Լ฻Ǵᆶ‫ڥ‬ ֎фૈԖᜢȐ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! ԜϩᜪჹᔈϐምᛖԖ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ǵӭख़ምᛖϷ‫ځ‬дምᛖȐ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑǶ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ϐ Ꮲғதև౜Ꮲಞ୏ᐒၨৡǴલЮᐱҥ‫ޑ‬ཀᜫȐ໳ऍ੉Ǵ2000ȑǴԶόፕࢂ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ǵ ӭख़ምᛖ‫ੰـشک܈‬஻‫ޣ‬Ǵ‫ځ‬஥๏ӄৎғࢲ‫ޑ‬Ѻᔐ೿ࡐεǴӢԜ‫܌‬ౢғ‫ޑ‬Ј္ό፾ᔈǵ Ꮲಞᄊࡋ฻ࣣሡӭ‫ݙ‬ཀǶ (ϖ) ੃ϯǵཥഋжᖴᆶϣϩ‫سݜ‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: ! ! Ԗᜢ੃ϯжᖴ‫ک‬ϣϩ‫سݜ‬಍‫ޑ‬Ьा่ᄬх֖ൄဏǵ१ၰǵगǵဉ(λဉǵεဉ)฻ǵ ી᠌ǵ‫᠌ط‬ǵᖌ៶Ϸᖌᆅǵϣϩ‫่ݜ‬ᄬ(တࠟᡏǵҘ‫ރ‬ဏǵୋҘ‫ރ‬ဏǵ๝΢ဏ)฻Ȑ‫׵‬ లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! ԜϩᜪჹᔈϐምᛖԖඵૈምᛖǵӭख़ምᛖǵ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১Ϸ‫ځ‬дምᛖȐ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑǶ (Ϥ) ‫ֿݜ‬ᆶғ෗‫س‬಍ᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: ! ! ‫سֿݜ‬಍‫่ޑ‬ᄬх֖Ǻ‫سֿݜ‬಍ǵମۭࣧ฻่ᄬǶғ෗‫ک‬ғ‫ػ‬фૈ่ᄬх֖ғ෗ ‫س‬಍ǵ٢‫܊‬Ϸ٢ᓐǵ഍ဓǵ࿐Τǵ഍ಳ่ᄬǵ߻ӈဏ฻Ȑ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! Ԝϩᜪϐ࣬ᜢምᛖԖ‫ي‬ᡏੰ১ӭख़ምᛖϷ‫ځ‬дምᛖȐ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑΟᜪǶ (Ύ) ઓ࿶ǵԼԺǵମᓝϐ౽୏࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: ! ! ઓ࿶ǵԼԺǵମᓝϐ౽୏࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈхࡴঁΓᆶ୏բԖᜢᄬ೷ᆶ୏բԖᜢ ϐфૈǶᆶ୏բԖᜢᄬ೷х֖ᓐᆶᓍ೽ᄬ೷ǵު೽ᄬ೷ǵ΢ަᄬ೷ǵମࣧ೽ᄬ೷ǵΠ ަᄬ೷ǵ᙮༸ᄬ೷ǵᆶ୏բԖᜢ‫ځޑ‬дԼԺମᓝᄬ೷฻ǹᆶ୏բԖᜢϐфૈ߾ፕϷᜢ ࿯ᆶମᓝǵԼԺǵ୏բ฻фૈȐ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ 13.

(24) ! ! Ԝϩᜪϐϐ࣬ᜢምᛖх֖ަᡏምᛖǵӭख़ምᛖ‫ځک‬дምᛖǶ‫ځ‬ύަᡏምᛖҭх֖ λ‫ٽ‬ഞ࿄ǵλ‫ٽ‬ഞ࿄ੱংဂǵတ‫܄‬ഞ࿄‫ک‬ૉᡎཞ໾฻ምᛖǴନԖަᡏ֚ᜤǵ‫֎ڥ‬ፓ࿯ ฻ୢᚒǴΨ৒ܰౢғտᚮϷྎ೯‫֚ޑ‬ᜤǴԶЈ౛‫ރ‬ᄊ೽ҽǴҗ‫ܭ‬ғࢲ΢೚ӭБय़ሡा дΓ‫ڐ‬շǴΨ৒ܰౢғЈ౛ፓ፾‫ޑ‬ፂᔐȐ೚Ϻ࠶Ǵ2000ȑ Ƕ (Ζ) Ҝጥᆶ࣬ᜢᄬ೷Ϸ‫ځ‬фૈཞ໾: ! ! Ҝጥ࣬ᜢ‫يޑ‬ᡏ่ᄬхࡴҜጥ୔ୱǵҜጥဏᡏǵࡰȐ೩ȑҘ‫ک‬ЛᎳ฻೽ϩǶфૈ ఼ᇂҜጥϐߥៈǵঅൺǵफ़ྕ/ϩ‫ݜ‬Ԡన฻фૈǹҜጥ‫ޑ‬ག᝺фૈǹЛᎳϷࡰȐ೩ȑ Ҙ‫ߥޑ‬ៈǵᚑՅ‫ک‬Ѧᢀ฻фૈȐ‫׵‬లृǴ2009ȑǶ ! ! Ԝϩᜪϐ࣬ᜢምᛖх֖ຎ᝺ምᛖǵ᠋᝺ምᛖǵަᡏምᛖǵӭख़ምᛖǵ௃ᆣՉࣁም ᛖǵᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖϷ‫ځ‬дምᛖȐ‫ـش‬੯ੰȑǶ ᆕӝ΢ॊǴёаΑှ‫ډ‬Ҟ߻୯ϣICFϩᜪ‫س‬಍ύǴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ᗨฅӧ‫ي‬ᡏᄬ೷ᆶ ‫ي‬ᡏфૈ೽ϩԖ౦፦‫܄‬ᆶঁձϯ‫ޑ‬ৡ౦Ǵՠӧࢲ୏ୖᆶȐх֖ᏢಞᆶᔈҔ‫ޕ‬᛽ǵྎ೯ǵ Γሞϕ୏ᆶᜢ߯ǵ‫ޗ୔ޗ‬ҬᆶϦ҇ғࢲ฻ȑ‫ک‬ᕉნӢનȐх֖Ѝ࡭ᆶΓሞᜢ߯ǵᄊࡋ ฻ȑ‫ޑ‬໨ҞύǴࠅёૈӸӧ๱࣬ӕ‫ޑ‬ज़‫ڋ‬ǶЀ‫ځ‬ӧྎ೯ᆶΓሞϕ୏‫ޑ‬೽ϩ࿶த཮ག‫ډ‬ ֚ᜤǶԶᒿ๱ᇶ‫מࣽڀ‬ǵᑼӝ౛‫ۺ‬ǵԾ‫ך‬،฼ǵғఱᙯሒǵғࢲࠔ፦฻ᢀ‫ޑۺ‬ගঀǴ ‫ݤ‬з‫ޑ‬ೕ‫ۓ‬ᆶߥምǴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޑޣ‬௲‫ػ‬ᆶғఱว৖Ψςԋࣁᙴៈᕉნǵ੝ਸ௲‫ػ‬ᆶ‫ޗ‬ ཮ᅽճ‫ޑ‬ख़ᗺǴӢԜǴऩૈᕕှӚምձϐ੝‫܄‬ஒԖշ‫׳ܭ‬፾Ϫ‫ޑ‬ᔅշ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ǵ٬ ‫ૈځ‬໒‫ܗ‬ќ΋ᅿғ‫ޑڮ‬ຎഁǶ. ມǵྎ೯ምᛖϐ‫ۓ‬ကᆶϣ఼. ! ! ྎ೯‫఼܌‬ᇂ‫ޑ‬όѝࢂ‫׎‬Ԅ΢‫ޑ‬ৡ౦ǶΓᜪૻ৲‫ޑ‬ௗԏёа೸ၸຎǵ᠋ǵ᝻᝺฻ᆅ ၰǴԶૻ৲‫߄ޑ‬ၲ߾ёа࿶җЎӷǵαᇟǵЋᇟϷ‫ځ‬дߚᇟ‫୏ޑق‬բǵЋ༈ǵ߄௃฻, ೭‫ځ‬ύନΑғ౛ӢનϐѦ,ᗋԖЈ౛‫ک‬ᕉნӢન೿཮ቹៜྎ೯‫ޑ‬ᐕำǶ ΋ǵʳྎ೯ૈΚϐ‫ۓ‬ကᆶኳԄ ! ! ཥғᓻ‫ٽ‬ᏱԖϺғ‫ޑ‬ᇟ‫ق‬ᏢಞૈΚǴдॺૈ೸ၸ࠮༈ᆶวᖂǴ٠Քᒿຎ᝺ௗ᝻а Ϸ࡭ុྎ೯ሡ‫ޑ؃‬ҾკǴаၲԋдॺ෰ఈ‫ک‬ሡ‫؃‬ǴԶ೭΋ೱՍ‫ޑ‬ՉࣁԾฅԶฅӦ൩ว ৖р‫܌‬ᒏȨԖཀက‫ྎޑ‬೯ȩȐJames, 1990ȑǶ. 14.

(25) (΋) ྎ೯ૈΚϐ‫ۓ‬က ! ! ୯ሞᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍Ꮲ཮ȐInternational Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, ISAACȑමᇥܴྎ೯ࢂΓᆶΓϐ໔ϕ୏ᆶᏢಞ‫୷ޑ‬ᘵǶྎ೯‫ޑ‬ҁ፦ࢂ җ‫׳܈ঁٿ‬ӭঁᡏ‫ࡌ܌‬ҥǴԶ౛ှ߾଺ࣁ‫ځ‬ύϕ୏‫ࢎޑ‬ᄬǶྎ೯ࢂΓᜪ‫୷ޑ‬ҁ៾ճǴ Ψࢂ‫܄཮ޗ‬ဂᡏଓ‫؃‬ғࢲࠔ፦‫୷ޑ‬ҁȐ ISAAC, 2012aȑ Ƕ ! ! ‫׵‬లেȐ2006ȑමᇥܴྎ೯Ҟ‫ޑ‬ԖΠӈϤ໨ǴϩձࣁǺ Ȑ1ȑ߄ၲሡ‫؃‬:хࡴ‫ނ‬፦ቫय़‫ک‬ᆒઓቫय़ǴӵȨ‫ך‬ाസНǵ‫ך‬ा‫ܤܤ‬ȩǹ Ȑ2ȑ߄ၲགྷ‫ݤ‬Ϸག᝺:ӵӕཀ‫܈‬ϸჹǵ഻៿‫܈‬ό഻៿ǹ Ȑ3ȑ‫ޗ‬Ҭ:ӵѺ‫ڥܕ‬ǵୢংǹ Ȑ4ȑ໺ၲ‫܈‬Ꮲಞ‫ޕ‬᛽:ӵ௶ॊ٣௃ǵ၌ୢǵӣเǵှញǹ Ȑ5ȑ௓‫ڋ‬ᕉნ:ӵ‫ڮ‬зǵ࠶ુǵѺ༝൑ǹ Ȑ6ȑགྷႽ:ӵ߄ᄽǵࡘԵǵᇥࡺ٣Ƕ ! ! ӢԜǴྎ೯‫ޑ‬നಖҞ኱ߡࢂᙖӣ㎸‫ޑ‬БԄၲ‫ډ‬ᚈБΑှ‫ޑ‬ნࣚǴԶྎ೯ૈΚߡ ࢂࡰྎ೯‫ޣ‬٬ҔԾᇡനБߡЪԖਏ౗‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ǴֹԋᚈБϕ୏‫ૈמޑ‬Ƕ΋ঁΓऩόૈ ፾྽‫ޑ‬ճҔӚᅿՉࣁኳԄǴၲ‫ډ‬ᆶдΓҬඤૻ৲‫ޑ‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ਔǴ൩཮ౢғྎ೯ምᛖȐ݅ ᝊ຦Ǵ2004ȑǶ (Β) ྎ೯ϐև౜БԄ ! ! ΋૓Γ൩ᆉό໒αᇥ၉Ψૈྎ೯Ǵᗨฅ೯தࢂճҔαॊᇟ‫ق‬ၲ‫ྎډ‬೯ਏ݀Ǵՠ ࢂྎ೯ΨԖࡐӭ‫ځ‬д‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵ࿶җᖍ೽߄௃ǵ࠮༈ǵ‫ي‬ᡏ୏բǵЎӷǵᛤฝ฻Ƕ Զ೽ϩ‫يޑ‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ᗨёаమཱ‫ޑ‬ᇥ၉‫ک‬٬Ҕֹ᏾‫ޑ‬ѡη, όၸϝฅ཮Ԗྎ೯΢‫ޑ‬ ֚ᜤǶ‫ٯ‬ӵǴдॺჹΑှઢ၉‫܈‬སҢԖ࣬ჹ‫֚ޑ‬ᜤǶ ! ! ྎ೯‫ޑ‬և౜БԄёϩԋ‫ٿ‬ᅿ: 1.. ᇟ‫ྎق‬೯: ջࢂࡰ‫ॺך‬౜ӧ‫܌‬٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬ᇟຒ಄ဦ‫ྎޑ‬೯ǴхࡴαᇟǵЎӷǵЋᇟ฻Ƕ. 2.. ᇟ‫ق‬аѦ‫ྎޑ‬೯:ջࢂࡰ೸ၸୋᇟ‫ق‬Ȑparalinguisticȑ ǵࡕ೛ᇟ‫ق‬Ȑmetalinguisticȑ ǵ ߚᇟ‫ق‬Ȑnonverbalȑ‫ޑ‬БԄ຾Չྎ೯Ȑᒹᝊ३Ǵ2009ȑ Ƕ. ! ! ૟ஒ΢ॊΟ໨ཷౣ᏾౛ӵΠȐᒹᝊ३Ǵ2009ǹBernstein & Tiegrman-Farber, 2002/2008ȑ: (1) ୋᇟ‫ق‬ǺΓॺӧྎ೯ਔନΑ‫܌‬ाᖱр‫ޑ‬ӷǵຒǵѡϐѦǴᇥ၉ਔ‫ॣޑ‬ໆǵᖂፓǵ 15.

(26) ᇟፓǵೲࡋǵࢬᄣ‫܄‬ǵଶႥ฻ҭ཮໺ሀ࣬ᜢ‫ૻޑ‬৲ǴԶ೭٤൩಍ᆀࣁୋᇟ‫ق‬ǶӢԜӧ Γሞϕ୏ύ‫ॺך‬Ψाӭ‫ݙ‬ཀԾρ‫ޑ‬ୋᇟ‫ق‬Ǵ೸ၸୋᇟ‫ޑق‬ଛӝ໺ሀന፾ӝ‫ޑ‬ཀࡘǶ (2) ߚᇟ‫ق‬Ǻߚᇟ‫ق‬Ьाࢂࡰᖍ೽߄௃ǵ౳Ӏ‫ݙ‬ຎǵ‫ي‬ᡏ୏բᆶ࠮༈ǵ‫ࢂ܈‬ᆶΓྎ೯ ‫ޜޑ‬໔ຯᚆ฻Ǵ೭٤ӕኬ‫ڀ‬ഢ໺ሀྎ೯ૻ৲‫ޑ‬фૈǶSeibertǵHogan ϷMundyȐЇԾ Ulvund & Smith, 1996ȑஒߚᇟ‫ྎق‬೯ՉࣁϩࣁΟᅿфૈǺ A. ‫ڀ‬Ԗӝբ/ᜢᖄ‫܄‬Ȑaffiliationȑ‫܈‬ፓ࿯‫཮ޗ‬ϕ୏ǹ B. ٬Ҕόӕ‫ޑ‬Չࣁٰ‫ڐ‬ፓ۶Ԝჹ‫ނ‬ᡏ‫܈‬٣ҹ‫ݙޑ‬ཀΚǹ C. ा‫؃‬ᕇளࢌ‫ނ‬ᡏ/٣ҹ‫܈‬ፓ࿯‫ځ‬дΓ‫ޑ‬ՉࣁǶ (3) ࡕ೛ᇟ‫ق‬Ǻஒᇟ‫ق‬྽բે๎‫ޑ‬ჹຝϸࡘϐǴջࢂஒᇟ‫ق‬྽଺ࡘԵ‫ޑ‬ჹຝǴаᇟ‫ق‬ ፋፕᇟ‫ق‬Ƕvan Kleeck (1982) මගрᒣ᛽ࡕ೛ᇟ‫ق‬ว৖‫ޑ‬Οঁय़ӛ: A. ዴ‫ޕ‬ᇟ‫ࢂق‬ऊ‫ۓ‬ԋ߫‫ޑ‬಄ဦǶ B. ዴ‫ޕ‬ᇟ‫ࢂق‬х֖ൂϡᆶ่ӝӚൂϡ‫ޑ‬ೕ߾‫ޑ‬ᡏ‫س‬Ƕ C. ዴ‫ޕ‬ᇟ‫ق‬፾Ҕ‫ྎܭ‬೯‫ޑ‬Ƕ (Ο) ྎ೯ਔ໪‫ڀ‬ഢ‫ޑ‬ाન ! ! ྎ೯‫ޑ‬ϣ఼ᒿ๱࠸η೴ᅌԋߏǴ‫܌‬ሡ‫ૈמޑ‬ΨᅌᖿፄᚇǴԜ‫ੋૈמ‬ϷΑඵૈǵ‫ޗ‬ Ҭǵ௃ᆣǴࣗԿᡏૈǴдॺѸ໪ว৖р่ӝαᇟϷߚαᇟ‫ૈޑ‬ΚǴ౛ှᆶдΓྎ೯‫ޑ‬ ፄᚇቫय़Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵྗዴ߄ၲሡ‫؃‬ǵࡌҥ཮၉ҬࢬǵԵቾჹБᢀᗺǵှ᠐дΓߚαᇟՉࣁ ฻ (Levine & Wharton, 1995ǹQuill, 2000/2010)ǴԶ೭٤‫מ‬ѯჹ‫يܭ‬Јምᛖ‫࠸ޑ‬ηคᅪ ࢂѮεࡷᏯǶа Levinec ‫ ک‬Wharton (1995) මᖐ‫ٯޑ‬ηࣁ‫ٯ‬Ǵ྽࠸ηགྷा࣮ႝຎ‫܌‬ሡ ၲԋ‫ྎޑ‬೯‫؁‬ᡯ: (΋) ࠸ηሡाԖགྷ࣮ႝຎ‫ޑ‬ኅఈǴдѸ໪གྷႽд࣮‫ډ‬ႝຎ‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬Ǵջߡд٠ؒԖ੿ ҅‫ډ࣮ޑ‬ႝຎǶԶ೭ᅿགྷႽૈΚǴߡ౐ੋ‫ډ‬Α΋‫ۓ‬ำࡋ‫ޑ‬ඵΚԋዕǶ (Β) ࠸ηѸ໪ᕕှ‫֋ډ‬ນдΓдགྷ࣮ႝຎǴߡёૈᕇளдΓ‫ޑ‬ᔅշԶၲԋҞ኱ǶԶ ೭ኬ‫ྎޑ‬೯୏բǴߡ໪‫ڀ‬ഢ‫ޗ‬Ҭ౛ှǶ (Ο) ࠸ηѸ໪ૈ೸ၸࢌᅿБԄ߄ၲдགྷ଺‫ޑ‬٣௃Ǵ೭٤БԄԖёૈࢂαᇟǵЋ༈୏ բǵკТǵЎӷ฻Ǵᡣд‫ڬ‬ൎ‫ޑ‬Γёа౛ှдགྷ໺ၲ‫ޑ‬ཀࡘǶ ! ! ྎ೯‫୏ޑ‬բཱུёૈύЗ‫ܭ‬а΢ҺՖ΋ঁ‫؁‬ᡯǴӢԜᕕှ‫࠸ډ‬η‫ࢂۭډ‬বঁၸำр ౜֚ᜤǴ٠வύϟΕ๏ϒЍ࡭ࢂ໪ቩ཈ࡘԵ‫ޑ‬ፐᚒǶ 16.

(27) ! ! ჹ‫ܭ‬Ԗᡉ๱୏բୢᚒ‫࠸ޑ‬ηǴ‫ٯ‬ӵѨҔੱǴдॺ҂Ѹૈаαᇟ຾Չྎ೯ǴӢԜཱུ ёૈ཮ӧа΢‫ޑ‬ಃΟ‫؁‬ᡯр౜ୢᚒǴԖ୏բୢᚒ‫࠸ޑ‬η‫ޕ‬ၰԾρགྷ࣮ႝຎǴΨૈ౛ှ ሡा֋ນдΓǴՠࢂдค‫଺ݤ‬р໺ၲૻ৲‫୏ޑ‬բǴ೭ਔᔈ፾྽Ӧ๏ϒᇶշϟΕǴႽࢂ Ћ༈ǵკТǵྎ೯݈ǵӷ݈҆฻Ǵᡣдૈ୼ֹԋԖਏ౗‫ྎޑ‬೯୏բ (Calculator, 1999)Ƕ Βǵྎ೯ምᛖϐ‫ۓ‬ကᆶ‫ݤ‬ೕ ! ! ऍ୯᠋ᇟᏢ཮ȐAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association, ASHA, 1993ȑჹ ྎ೯ምᛖԖаΠ‫ۓޑ‬ကǺȨჹαᇟǵߚαᇟ‫܈‬᠐ቪ಄ဦ‫س‬಍ϐ ཷ‫ۺ‬Ǵคፕࢂௗԏǵ ໺ሀǵೀ౛‫܈‬౛ှǴӵԖૈΚ΢‫ޑ‬લഐǴ೿ᆀࣁྎ೯ምᛖǶྎ೯ምᛖӧ᠋᝺ǵᇟ‫܈ق‬ ᇥ၉‫س‬಍߄౜рٰǴ‫ځ‬ᇸख़ምᛖำࡋό฻ǴԖว৖‫ࡕ܈܄‬Ϻ‫܄‬ϐϩǴЪ஻‫ޣ‬ёૈᑡ஻ ΋ᅿа΢‫ྎޑ‬೯ምᛖǶྎ೯ምᛖёૈࢂ஻‫ޣ‬Ьा‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴՠΨԖёૈՔᒿ‫ځ‬дምᛖр ౜ȩǶᇥ၉ୢᚒཀࡰᆶᇥ၉మධࡋԖᜢ‫ޑ‬ғ౛ᐒᙯ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒǴхࡴ།ॣǵӅሳǵᄬॣǵ ࢬᄣࡋ฻ୢᚒǹᇟ‫ق‬ୢᚒࢂࡰၮҔᇟ‫ق‬಄ဦ౛ှᆶ߄ၲ‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢୢᚒǶ ! ! ύ๮҇୯௲‫ػ‬೽‫ ܭ‬2012 ԃႧѲȨ‫ي‬ЈምᛖϷၗ፟ᓬ౦Ꮲғ᠘‫ۓ‬ᒤ‫ݤ‬ȩύಃΟచ ಃѤී‫܌‬ᆀᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖǴ߾ࢂࡰᇟ‫ق‬౛ှ‫܈‬ᇟ‫߄ق‬ၲૈΚᆶӕԃស‫࣬ޣ‬ၨǴԖᡉ๱ୃৡ ‫܈‬եပ౜ຝǴ೷ԋྎ೯֚ᜤ‫ޣ‬Ƕ߻໨‫ۓ܌‬ᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖǴ‫ځ‬᠘‫ྗ୷ۓ‬٩ΠӈӚීೕ‫ۓ‬ϐ΋ Ȑ௲‫ػ‬೽Ǵ2012ȑǺ 1. ᄬॣ౦தǺᇟॣԖ࣪ౣǵඹжǵబуǵࢡԔǵᖂፓᒱᇤ‫֖܈‬ጋόమ฻౜ຝǶ 2. །ॣ౦தǺᇥ၉ϐॣ፦ǵॣፓǵॣໆ‫܈‬ӅሳᆶঁΓϐ‫܄‬ձ‫܈‬ԃសό࣬ᆀ฻౜ຝǶ 3. ᇟᄣ౦தǺᇥ၉࿯ࡓԖܴᡉЪόԾЬϐख़ፄǵ‫ߏۯ‬ǵύᘐǵ२ᇟᜤว‫ߦ࡚܈‬όమ ฻౜ຝǶ 4. ᇟ‫ق‬ว৖౦தǺᇟ‫ق‬ϐᇟ‫׎‬ǵᇟ‫ݤ‬ǵᇟཀ‫܈‬ᇟҔ౦தǴठᇟ‫ق‬౛ှ‫܈‬ᇟ‫߄ق‬ၲၨ ӕԃស‫ޣ‬Ԗᡉ๱ୃৡ‫܈‬եပǶ ! ! ᆕӝ΢ॊё‫ޕ‬Ǵᇟ‫ق‬ᆶᇥ၉‫מ‬ѯ೿ёૈࢂ೷ԋྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޑ‬চӢǴԶӧΑှ‫ي‬Јም ᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޑ‬ᜪࠠࡕǴӵՖଞჹ‫֚ځ‬ᜤ๏ϒ፾྽‫ޑ‬ᇶշ௲ᏢϷ‫ݯ‬ᕍǴΨஒࢂ‫؂‬Տ ᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣख़ा‫ޑ‬ፐᚒǶ. 17.

(28) Οǵեαᇟᆶคαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ୢᚒ ӧ ICF ‫ۓޑ‬ကύǴёа࣮р‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ନԾ‫ي‬ϐЬाምᛖǴӧྎ೯ᆶΓሞϕ୏‫ޑ‬ ೽ϩΨ࿶தག‫֚ډ‬ᜤǶаΠஒӈᖐத‫ـ‬ምᛖᜪձϐྎ೯ୢᚒ: (΋) ඵૈምᛖ Ǻόፕࢂ೸ၸ಄ဦՉࣁǴ‫ߚ܈‬಄ဦՉࣁ‫ޑ‬౛ှ‫߄܈‬ၲૈΚၨӕᏆԖᡉ ๱጗ᄌ‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬Ȑύ๮҇୯ඵም‫ޣ‬ৎߏᕴ཮Ǵ2008ȑ ǴЪӭኧᇟ‫ق‬ᏢಞૈΚЖ٫Ǵ தр౜ᄬॣᆶॣᜩǵᇟ‫ق‬౦தǵᇟᄣ౦த฻௃‫׎‬Ȑᎄᓉ‫ە‬Ǵ2001ȑǶ (Β) ԾഈੱǺதԖᇟ‫ق‬ว৖౦தȐᇟҔ౦தȑ ǵᇟፓ౦தǵᄬॣᆶॣᜩ౦தǴ৒ܰр ౜‫཮ޗ‬ϕ୏ምᛖǵ‫୺ڰ‬Ϸख़ፄՉࣁȐླྀⶂ޹Ǵ2005ȑǶ (Ο) ᠋᝺ምᛖǺ தр౜᠋᝺౛ှምᛖǵᄬॣ౦தᆶᇟፓѳ݈฻ୢᚒǴ࿶த၂კаЋ ༈୏բ‫ڐ‬շ߄ၲȐ݅ᝊ຦Ǵ2006ȑ Ƕ (Ѥ) ຎ᝺ምᛖǺϿ೽ϩԖᇟ‫ق‬౦த‫ޑ‬௃‫׎‬ǴӢຎ᝺ག‫۔‬ௗԏ‫ޑ‬ज़‫ڋ‬Ǵຎ᝺࿶ᡍ‫ڙ‬ज़ ԶԖຎ᝺ᇟཀǵᇟҔ‫ޑ‬ୢᚒȐᎄᓉ‫ە‬Ǵ2001ȑǶ (ϖ) ަᡏምᛖǺх֖Ј‫ޤ‬ǵԼԺମᓝǵઓ࿶‫س‬಍Бय़‫ޑ‬ምᛖ฻Ƕ৒ܰ‫ٳ‬ว‫֎ڥ‬ǵว ॣᏔ‫۔‬ၮ୏‫ޑ‬ምᛖǴठ٬ᇟॣόమǴத‫ڀ‬Ԗᄬॣᆶॣᜩ౦தǵᇟᄣ౦தǵॣᖂ ౦தȐᎄᓉ‫ە‬Ǵ2001ȑ ǶЪҗ‫يܭ‬౛લഐΨ৒ܰЇว‫ޗ‬Ҭϕ୏Бय़‫֚ޑ‬ᘋȐֆપ પǴ2006ȑǶ (Ϥ) ӭख़ምᛖǺதՔᒿԖᝄख़‫ྎޑ‬೯ምᛖǴྎ೯ᆅၰന‫ڙ‬ज़‫ڋ‬Ƕதࢂ AAC ‫ࡌޑ‬᝼٬ Ҕ‫ޣ‬Ȑᎄᓉ‫ە‬Ǵ2001ȑǶ (Ύ) ᝄख़௃ᆣምᛖǺх֖‫ݙ‬ཀΚલഐၸ୏ੱȐAttention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, ADHDȑ ǶԖᇟҔ౦தǵᇟཀᇟ‫ݤ‬Ϸᄬॣ౦தǴ٠தр౜‫ޗ‬Ҭᜢ߯ୢᚒȐ‫ދٵ׵‬Ǵ 2007ȑǶ (Ζ) ᏢಞምᛖǺ೯த཮Քᒿᇟ‫ق‬ว৖ᒨ጗Ǵ੝ձࢂԖ᎙᠐ምᛖǴՠ‫ځ‬ᇟ‫ق‬ว৖ᒨ጗ ౜ຝ٠ό཮ᝄख़‫׎ډ‬ӕྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ȑ‫ྻۏ‬ӵǴ2002ȑ Ƕ ᡉԶܰ‫ـ‬Ǵᆕӝ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ୢᚒǴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ϐαᇟ߄ၲ೽ϩᡉ౜‫ܭ‬Ѧ࿶ தࢂեαᇟ‫܈‬คαᇟ‫ྎޑ‬೯ՉࣁǴдॺค‫ݤ‬Ԗਏ‫ޑ‬ᆶдΓҬඤཀ‫ـ‬Ǵத೷ԋ௃ᆣ֚ᘋǴ ӧΓሞᜢ߯Ψ৒ܰ‫ډڙ‬਋‫ש‬Զค‫ݤ‬Ԗਏ‫ޑ‬Ҭሞϕ୏ǶӢԜǴऩૈࣁคαᇟϷեαᇟ‫ي‬ 18.

(29) Јምᛖ‫ࡌޣ‬ҥ‫ؼ‬ӳ‫ྎޑ‬೯ኳԄǴஒԖշ‫ܭ‬ගϲдॺ‫ي‬౛ϷЈ౛‫҅ޑ‬य़ૈໆȐЦߪഩǴ 2012ȑǶ Ѥǵ ྎ೯ምᛖϐϟΕ௲Ꮲ ! ! ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޑ‬౦፦‫܄‬ᗨଯǴՠ‫ځ‬ϟΕ௲Ꮲϐচ߾ᆶБԄ߾ࡐ࣬՟Ȑ݅ᝊ຦ǵᒹᝊ३Ǵ 2006ȑǶନΑඹคαᇟ‫܈‬αᇟԖज़‫يޑ‬Јምᛖ‫ډפޣ‬፾ӝ‫ྎޑ‬೯ᆅၰǴаቚம‫ځ‬ᇟ‫ق‬ ‫ޕ‬᛽ᆶྎ೯‫מ‬ѯѦǴ‫׳‬ख़ा‫ࢂޑ‬ᔈᡣ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ౢғЬ୏ྎ೯‫ޑ‬ՉࣁǶаΠᆕӝፏՏ Ꮲ‫ޣ‬ȐCarr & Durand, 1985ǹGreen & Cobb, 1991ǹKaiser, 1993ǹQuill, 2002/2010ǹ Warren & Rogers-Warren, 1991ȑჹ‫ྎܭ‬೯ϐϟΕ௲Ꮲ‫ݤ࣮ޑ‬຾Չ᏾౛Ǻ (΋) ᇨวྎ೯୏ᐒǺ୏ᐒࢂᏢಞཥ٣‫ނ‬٠࡭ុၲ‫ډ‬Ҟ኱‫ޑ‬ख़ा០ΚǶ߈ԃԖ೚ӭ‫ޑ‬ ྎ೯௲ᏢБ‫ݤ‬ӵAACǵკТҬඤྎ೯‫س‬಍ȐPicture Exchange Communication System, ᙁᆀPECSȑǵᒿᐒ௲Ꮲ‫ݤ‬ǵфૈ‫ྎ܄‬೯૽ግ฻೿Ь஭аᏢғ‫ޑ‬ᑫ፪ࣁ рวᗺǶSiegel-CauseyϷBashinskiȐ1997ȑҭࡰрճҔԖ୏ᐒ‫ޑ‬௃ნǴх֖Ꮲಞ ‫ޣ‬഻៿‫ޑ‬٣ҹ‫׷ک‬਑Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵࢲ୏ύԖд഻៿‫ޑ‬ӕᏆ‫܈‬ၯᔍߡૈග‫ٮ‬Ծฅ‫ྎޑ‬೯ ᐒ཮Ǵ೭٬ளЇଆ୏ᐒԋࣁྎ೯૽ግύόё‫܈‬લ‫ޑ‬΋ᕉǶ (Β) Ծฅ௃ნύ௲ᏢǺԾฅ௃ნ௲Ꮲ‫ࢂݤ‬΋ᅿᇟ‫ق‬௲Ꮲ‫ݤ‬Ǵҭ൩ࢂӧ‫཮ޗ‬ϕ୏௃ნ ϷၯᔍύǴ௲Ꮲ‫ޣ‬٬Ҕ҅ӛϕ୏ၟᒿѴ‫ޑٽ‬ሦᏤ‫ک‬ཀ‫ـ‬ǵा‫؃‬Ǵаᘉ৖Ѵ‫ޑٽ‬ ‫ݙ‬ཀ‫ྎک‬೯Ƕ೸ၸӭኬϯ‫ڀޑ‬ᡏ‫੿܈‬ჴ௃ნаᐟว‫ޑูٽ‬Ꮲಞ୏ᐒǴၲԋӄय़ ‫ޑ‬ϕ୏ྎ೯Ǵ٬‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ჹ‫੿ܭ‬ჴ௃ნၲ‫ډ‬ᜪϯᆶჴሞၮҔ‫ޑ‬ਏ݀Ȑ‫ܲ׵‬ᓄǴ 2001ǹഋ٫޼Ǵ2009ǹමᘫҏǴ2010ǹKaiser , Ostrosky & Alpert, 1993ȑ Ƕ (Ο) ่ᄬϯ௲Ꮲ: ่ᄬϯ௲ᏢࢂࡰԖಔᙃЪԖ‫س‬಍ӦӼ௨௲Ꮲᕉნǵ‫׷‬਑Ϸำ‫ׇ‬Ǵᡣ ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬வύᏢಞǴᔅշдॺࡌᄬԾρ‫ޑ‬ՉࣁϷѦӧ่ᄬ‫ޑ‬ᇡ‫ޕ‬Ǵჹᕉნ଺ р፾྽ϸᔈǴࡺԜǴ่ᄬϯЍ࡭ૈံᓭ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ჹ‫཮ޗ‬ნ‫ޑ‬ష໶གǶ QuillȐ2002/2010ȑමගрΟᅿ่ᄬϯ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭Ǵϩձࣁ: 1.. а‫ڀ‬ᡏጕ઩่ᄬϯ‫ނ‬౛ᕉნǶ. 2.. аёႣෳ‫ٯޑ‬Չ‫܄‬Ӽ௨ࢲ୏Ƕ. 3.. аՉࣁ฼ౣಔᙃ௲ᏢǶ ୯ϣҭԖࣴ‫ޣز‬а่ᄬϯ௲Ꮲӧᇟ‫ૈق‬Κගܹᕇளԋਏϐ࿶ᡍȐࢫࣿᆟǴ2004ǹ. 19.

(30) ই‫ד‬ฑǴ1999ȑǶ (Ѥ) фૈ‫ྎ܄‬೯૽ግǺфૈ‫ྎ܄‬೯૽ግࢂ௲Ꮴምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯Չࣁ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿБ‫ݤ‬Ǵ‫୷ځ‬ҁ ፕᗺࣁঁᡏ‫ޑ‬Չࣁ߄౜‫ڀ‬Ԗࢌᅿྎ೯фૈǴᇡࣁೀ౛Չࣁୢᚒ‫ޑ‬ख़ᗺӧ‫ڐܭ‬շ Չࣁঁᡏว৖፾྽Ъ‫ૈ཮ޗ‬ௗ‫ޑڙ‬Չࣁٰ‫ڗ‬жό፾྽‫ޑ‬ՉࣁȐ່ЎमǴ2001ǹ Carr &Durand, 1985ȑǶӢԜǴऩૈᙖҗ೭ኬ‫ޑ‬ᜢᗖᗺ຾ՉϟΕǴ٬‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ Αှྎ೯ϕඁ‫ޑ‬Ӣ݀ᜢ߯ǴᙖԜаၲ‫ډ‬Ԗਏ౗‫ྎޑ‬೯Ǵ٠෧Ͽྎ೯ᚈБ۶Ԝౢ ғᇤှ‫ޑ‬ᐒ౗Ƕ (ϖ) ቚம‫ޑނ‬ᔈҔǺቚம‫ޑ‬চ౛চԾ‫ܭ‬ՉࣁᏢࢴǴமፓӧҞ኱Չࣁౢғࡕ๏ϒቚமǴ ཮٬Ҟ኱Չࣁр౜‫ޑ‬ᓎ౗Ԗ‫܌‬ቚу‫߄܈‬౜ᛙ‫ۓ‬Ȑ݅ҏӵǵഋలীǴ2005ȑǶ߈ ٰ‫ྎޑ‬೯ϟΕ௲Ꮲҭ࿶தமፓԾฅቚம‫ޑ‬চ߾Ȑঞइ⎣ǵ݅ඁ޹ǵᠭϘාǵᙁ ‫ق‬ଈǴ2004ǹϾຽԁǴ2011ȑǴऩࢂૈ๓уᏹբ೭٤‫ڈ‬ᐟǴӼ௨Ꮲಞ௃ნǴࡰ Ꮴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ӝ፾ϐྎ೯ՉࣁǴ٠೸ၸቚமᆢ࡭҅ӛՉࣁǴϐࡕӆ೴ᅌஒቚம ‫ނ‬ᙯࣁԾฅቚமǴӵԜ‫ޑ‬ೱ่ૈᡣྎ೯Չࣁࡽ‫ޔ‬ௗΨ‫׳‬ԖཀကǴԶ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ ҂ٰჴሞၮҔྎ೯‫מ‬ѯਔǴΨ‫ૈ׳‬Αှ‫ځ‬ύ‫ޑ‬ཀ఼Ƕ ! ! җ΢ё‫ޕ‬Ǵᇟ‫૽ق‬ግύ࿶த٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬௲Ꮲ‫מ‬ѯǴ೭٤‫מ‬ѯନΑё຾Չൂ΋ϟΕ௲ᏢǴ Ψ࿶தຎ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ঁޑޣ‬ձϯ‫ݩރ‬མଛ٬ҔǶόፕҺՖ௲ᏢБ‫ݤ‬Ǵࣣ೿மፓሡाଛӝ ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޑޣ‬ᑫ፪ǴԶനಖ‫ޑ‬Ҟ኱ΨࢂࣁΑගϲ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޑޣ‬೯୏ᐒǴၲ‫ډ‬Ծวྎ ೯‫ޑ‬ਏ݀ǶӢԜǴӧᔈҔ೭٤௲Ꮲ‫ޑݤ‬ӕਔǴ௲Ꮲ‫ޣ‬Ψ࿶த஥Ε AACǵPECS ‫ࣗ܈‬Կ Ѻӷྎ೯฻ྎ೯π‫ޑڀ‬٬ҔǴᡣ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ૈޣ‬Ꮲ཮٬Ҕ೭٤π‫ڀ‬аֹԋԖਏ‫ྎޑ‬೯߄ ၲǶԶ AAC ߡࢂեαᇟ‫܈‬คαᇟ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬࿶த٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬΋ᅿྎ೯БԄǴаΠஒଞჹ AAC ຾ՉᇥܴǶ. 20.

(31) ಃΒ࿯ʳ ᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ཀ఼ᆶᔈҔ ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬җ‫ܭ‬ᇡ‫ޕ‬ǵག‫۔‬ǵ୏բ฻ज़‫ڋ‬Ǵаठ‫ܭ‬ค‫ݤ‬ӕ΋૓ΓஒαᇟբࣁЬा ‫ྎޑ‬೯БԄǴԶሡ٩ᒘ‫ځ‬Ѭ‫߄ޑ‬ၲБԄǴаයૈᆶѦࣚᝩុᆢ࡭ྎ೯Ƕӭኧ‫ྎޑ‬೯௲ Ꮲϝୃख़αᇟ૽ግǴՠࢂჹ‫ܭ‬αᇟૈΚԖज़‫܈‬คαᇟૈΚ‫ޑ‬௲ᏢǴ೭ኬ‫૽ޑ‬ግ೯தΨ ࡐᜤ‫ډـ‬ਏ݀ǹ‫ځ‬ჴαᇟόࢂ୤΋‫ྎޑ‬೯೼৩Ǵ‫ؼ‬ӳ‫ྎޑ‬೯௲Ꮲᔈ၀ඹόӕૈΚ‫ޑ‬Ꮲ ғǴ‫ډפ‬ന፾ӝдॺ‫ྎޑ‬೯Б‫ݤ‬Ȑ݅‫܃ݒ‬ǵླྀ‫ے‬ϘǴ2005ȑǶ. ൘ǵᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ϐϣ৒ᆶว৖ ‫ॺך‬೿ӧ٬Ҕόӕ‫׎ޑ‬Ԅ຾Չྎ೯Ƕεӭኧ‫ޑ‬Γ೿཮ճҔαॊᇟ‫ق‬ၲ‫ྎډ‬೯ਏ݀Ǵ ՠࢂྎ೯ΨԖࡐӭ‫ځ‬д‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵ࿶җᖍ೽߄௃ǵ࠮༈ǵ‫ي‬ᡏ୏բǵЎӷǵᛤฝ฻Ƕ ᖐ‫ٯ‬གྷႽǴ྽գᆶܻ϶ӧ೻ε፤൑Ǵգ‫҅϶ܻޑ‬ӧჹय़‫៽ޑ‬ՏᒧᖼమዅҔࠔǴԶգགྷ ֋ນգ‫϶ܻޑ‬գགྷѐ‫פ‬႟१୔Ǵຼᎁ‫ޑ‬ᕉნჴӧϼ֐Ǵգёૈ཮ᒧ᏷ଯᖐգ‫ޑ‬ЋаЇ ଆܻ϶‫ݙޑ‬ཀǴ‫ࣗ܈‬ԿѺ೯ႝ၉֋ນܻ϶գ‫ޑ‬ѐӛǴ೭ය໔գёૈ཮٬Ҕ‫يډ‬ᡏᇟ‫ق‬ ‫܈‬ᖍ೽߄௃ǴԶόૈցᇡգΨ٬ҔΑ΋‫س‬ӈ‫ޑ‬ᇶշᆶඹж‫ྎ܄‬೯ȐISAAC, 2012bȑǶ คፕՖਔऩ‫ޑॺך‬αᇟ‫ߔډڙ‬ᛖǴ‫ॺך‬೿ёૈ٬Ҕόӕ‫ޑ‬ᇶշ‫׎‬༈аၲ‫ྎډ‬೯ǶӢԜǴ AAC ‫ޑ‬٬Ҕৡ౦٠όӧ‫׎ܭ‬Ԅ‫ޑ‬όӕǴԶࢂӧ‫ܭ‬ำࡋ‫ޑ‬όӕǶ ΋ǵʳ ᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ϐ‫ۓ‬ကᆶᐕў‫ݮ‬ॠ ऍ୯᠋ᇟ‫཮ڐ‬നԐஒAAC‫ۓ‬ကࣁǴȨࢂᅿཀკံᓭԖኩਔ‫҉܈܄‬Φ‫܄‬ᝄख़߄ၲ‫܄‬ ᇟ‫ق‬ምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ȑӵᝄख़‫ق‬ᇟ-ᇟ‫཮کق‬ቪምᛖȑ഼Ѩϐྎ೯ᐒૈǴ‫܌‬ග‫ޑٮ‬ᖏ‫܄׉‬஑཰ ୍ܺȩ ȐASHA, 1989ȑ Ƕ΋‫ډޔ‬Α2005ԃǴASHA ࣁଛӝШࣚፁғಔᙃȐWorld Heallh Organization, ᙁᆀWHOȑӧ2001ԃঅु‫ޑ‬ICFȐIntemational Classification of Functioning, Disability and HealthȑȨ୯ሞ଼நфૈᆶ‫ي‬Јምᛖϩᜪ‫س‬಍ȩ‫ޑ‬౛‫ۺ‬Ǵख़ ཥ࣮ࡑ೷ԋȨ‫ي‬Јምᛖȩ‫ޑ‬ӢનǴ٠҅ຎᕉნӢનᆶ੯ੰǵཞ໾ࡕ݀‫ޑ‬ቹៜǴஒขᗺ ๱ख़‫ܭ‬Ȩምᛖ௃ნȩǴԶόӆࢂȨምᛖ‫ޣ‬ȩǶӢԜǴASHAஒAAC‫ۓ‬ကঅ҅ࣁǴȨᇶշ ྎ೯‫س‬಍ࢂࡰӧࣴ‫ز‬΢ǵᖏ‫׉‬΢Ϸ௲‫ػ‬΢‫܌‬ჴՉ‫ޑ‬ሦୱǴѬ఼ᇂࣴ‫ޑز‬჋၂ǴаϷӧ Ѹाਔံᓭᝄख़ምᛖ‫قޑޣ‬ᇟ/ᇟ‫߄ق‬ၲ‫ک‬౛ှ֚ᜤ‫܌‬೷ԋ‫ޑ‬ኩਔ‫҉܈‬Φཞ໾ǵࢲ୏ ᆶୖᆶ‫ޑ‬ज़‫ڋ‬ǴѬхࡴΑαᇟ‫ک‬ਜቪ‫ྎޑ‬೯ኳԄȩ ȐASHA, 2005ȑǶ 21.

(32) ! ! ISAACΨஒAAC຾Չ‫ۓ‬ကǴȨࢂ΋ಔঁΓҔ‫ܭ‬ှ،Вதྎ೯ࡷᏯ‫ޑ‬π‫ڀ‬ᆶ฼ౣǶ ྎ೯ёаԖࡐӭࠠԄǴ‫ٯ‬ӵ:αᇟǵ౳ઓௗ᝻ǵЎӷǵЋ༈ǵᖍ೽߄௃ǵ᝻ᄗǵЋᇟǵ ಄ဦǵკТǵᇟॣวғး࿼฻Ƕ‫ঁ؂‬Γ೿཮ਥᏵ྽Π‫ޑ‬௃ნϷྎ೯უՔǴ٬ҔӚᅿ‫׎‬ Ԅ຾Չྎ೯ǶԖਏ‫ྎޑ‬೯ࢂวғӧ྽ᚈБёа౛ှ۶Ԝ‫ޑ‬ཀკᆶཀကਔǶև౜‫׎ޑ‬Ԅ ٠όख़ाǴख़ा‫ࢂޑ‬ӵՖԋфӦᡣྎ೯უՔ౛ှૻ৲ǶȩȐISAAC, 2012cȑ Ƕ ASHA٠‫ܭ‬2004ਔǴံкᇥܴΑᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫఼܌‬ᇂ‫ޑ‬Ѥ໨ाનǴаΠϩձଞჹѤ ໨ाન຾ՉᇥܴનȐASHA, 2004; Beukelman & Mirenda, 2004, 2005ȑ: (΋)಄ဦȐsymbolȑǺ ! ! ಄ဦࢂࡰ೸ၸ಄ဦٰ߄ၲཷ‫ۺ‬ǵགྷ‫ݤ‬ᆶཀკǴҗ‫ڀ‬ᡏ‫ޑ‬಄ဦ‫ܜډ‬ຝ‫ޑ‬಄ ဦǴவჴ‫ނ‬ȐᡏȑኳࠠǵறՅྣТȐკႽȑǵ໵қྣТȐკႽȑǵЎӷ฻֡ឦϐǶ (Β)ᇶ‫ڀ‬ȐaidȑǺ ! ! ᇶ‫ࡰࢂڀ‬΋ᅿး࿼‫܈‬೛ीǴᔈҔ‫ྎܭ‬೯ᇶշᏔ‫׷‬΢ᙖа໺ሀ‫܈‬ௗԏૻ৲Ǵ‫ٯ‬ӵǺ ྎ೯ᛛǵྎ೯კǵྎ೯߄ǵྎ೯‫ހ‬य़ǵӷ݈҆ǵ‫݈ॣݙ‬฻Ǵёаӈӑрٰ‫ڀ܈‬ഢᇟॣ ᒡрфૈ฻֡ឦϐǶ (Ο)‫ೌמ‬ȐtechnologyȑǺ ! ! ‫ࡰࢂೌמ‬٬Ҕྎ೯ᇶ‫ޑڀ‬БԄǴ೸ၸ‫ޔ‬ௗ‫܈‬໔ௗ‫ޑ‬Б‫߄ݤ‬ၲૻ৲Ƕ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬ё‫ޔ‬ௗ аԾρ‫ޑ‬ᖂॣǵЋǵЋࡰǵ౳࿊ǵ‫܈‬ᙖҗ‫ي‬ᡏ‫ځ‬д೽Տ‫ޑ‬౽୏ٰᒧ᏷‫܌‬ा߄ၲ‫ޑ‬ϣ৒ǹ ‫܈‬೸ၸඹж‫ޑ܄‬ᗖዬǵ᝻௓Ԅᑻჿǵᓐ‫׺‬ǵ቏‫׺‬ǵЋ‫׺‬ǵᓐ௓ྖႵǵ౳௓ྖႵǵႜ৔ ෇ǵЋቪ݈ǵ੝ਸ໒ᜢϷᇟॣӝԋ฻БԄ௓‫ڋ‬೴΋ࡰрǴ‫ډޔ‬ᒧ‫ޑۓ‬Ҟ኱р౜ࣁЗǶ (Ѥ)฼ౣȐstrategyȑǺ ! ! ฼ౣࢂࡰྎ೯಄ဦǵྎ೯ᇶ‫ڀ‬ǵྎ೯‫ޑೌמ‬᏾ӝǶ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬೸ၸԾ‫ך‬Ꮲಞ‫܈‬௲ᏤǴ Զૈஒྎ೯಄ဦ຾ՉനԖਏ‫ޑ‬໺ၲȐBeukelman & Mirenda, 1998aȑǶӢԜǴྎ೯฼ ౣ‫ޑ‬຾Չࢂҗ஑཰Γ঩ගрAACϟΕीฝǴӆ٩ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬όӕ‫ޑ‬Вதሡ‫୏ࢲک؃‬ᕉ ნ೛ी಄ӝ‫ঁځ‬Γ‫ྎޑ‬೯૽ግǴ٬ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ૈޣ‬ၮҔAAC‫ܭ‬Вதғࢲ‫ྎޑ‬೯௃ნȐླྀ ᐥநǴ2010ǹBeukelman & Mirenda, 1998bȑ Ƕ ! ! ᕴӝ΢ॊё‫ޕ‬ǴᖐΥВதғࢲ྽ύǴૈ୼೏ҔٰံշȐsupplementȑ‫܈‬ඹжȐreplaceȑ ঁᡏ߄ၲ‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬೿ёᆀϐࣁᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ǶAACϟΕϐനಖҞ‫ޑ‬٠ߚࣁྎ೯ୢᚒ‫ډפ‬ ࣽ‫מ‬ှ،‫ޑ‬Б‫ݤ‬ǴԶࢂ٬ঁᡏૈ‫׳‬Ԗਏ‫ޑ‬வ٣ӭᅿϕ୏Ȑಷ֮޹Ǵ2006ȑǶ 22.

(33) Βǵʳᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ϐ٬Ҕচ߾ ! ! ᇶ‫ྎڀ‬೯‫׎‬Ԅёӆϩᜪࣁඹж‫܄‬ȐAlternativeȑᇶշྎ೯‫ک‬ᘉε‫܄‬ȐAugmentativeȑ ᇶշྎ೯ǴаΠଞჹ‫ޣٿ‬ϩᜪ຾ՉᇥܴȐ݅లಹǴ2007ǹಷ֮޹Ǵ2006ǹླྀ୯ࡀǴ1996ȑ: (΋) ඹж‫܄‬ᇶշྎ೯: ! ! ࡰঁΓᇥ၉ૈΚᝄख़‫ڙ‬ཞਔǴѸ໪һᒘ੝ਸ‫ྎ܈ೌמ‬೯೛ഢажඹ߄ၲ‫܈‬ᇥ၉‫ޑ‬ БԄǴ‫܌‬٬Ҕ‫ޑ‬ᇶ‫ࢂڀ‬Ҕа‫ڗ‬жд‫ޑ‬ᇥ၉ૈΚǴόൂѝբࣁံշπ‫ڀ‬ϐҔǶ‫ځ‬ύඹж ‫ྎ܄‬೯Ξёϩࣁ: (Β)ᘉεྎ೯‫س‬಍: ! ! ࡰঁΓӧ߄ၲਔǴନΑᇟ‫ق‬ϐѦǴ‫܌‬ԖҔٰᇶշঁΓ߄ၲᇥ၉‫ߚޑ‬αᇟྎ೯Б‫ݤ‬Ǵ хࡴ୏բБԄǵ಄ဦБԄ‫ྎޑ‬೯Ǵӵަᡏǵ߄௃ǵਜቪǵЋᇟǵკТǵྎ೯ᇶ‫ڀ‬฻Ƕ ! ! ‫܌ޣٿ‬և౜‫ྎޑ‬೯БԄᗨόᅰ࣬ӕǴՠࣣૈ‫ڐ‬շምᛖ‫׳ޣ‬ԖਏᆶΓ຾Չྎ೯ϕ୏Ƕ ΋૓‫ॺך‬Ξёஒᘉε‫܄‬Ϸඹж‫ྎ܄‬೯‫س‬಍ᙁाჄϩࣁߚᇶշ‫܄‬Ȑunaided systemȑϷ ᇶշ‫ྎ܄‬೯‫س‬಍Ȑaided systemȑȐBlischak & McDaniel, 1995ǹBeukelman & Mirenda, 1998b, 2005ȑǺ (΋)ߚᇶշ‫ྎ܄‬೯‫س‬಍ ! ! ΋૓Γ຾Չ߄ၲਔத཮Քᒿ๱୏բǴԶനத‫يࢂޑـ‬ᡏ‫ޑ‬౽୏‫܈‬ᖍ೽߄௃Ƕߚᇶ շ‫س‬಍ջࢂࡰճҔަᡏᇟ‫ق‬຾Չྎ೯Ǵхࡴᖍ೽߄௃ǵ ౳ ઓ ‫ ݙ‬ຎ ǵวᖂǵ‫ي‬ᡏ࠮ ༈ǵ‫ي‬ᡏ୏բ‫ک‬Ћ༈ѺЋᇟ฻ǶKoegelǵRincover ᆶ EgelȐ1982ȑමமፓ௲Ꮴ୏բ ߄ၲᆶ௲Ꮴαᇟ߄ၲࢂ࣬՟‫ޑ‬Ƕ೚ӭᖏ‫׉‬πբ‫܈ޣ‬௲ৣΨ೿཮௲Ꮴᇟ‫ྎق‬೯֚ᜤ‫ٽޑ‬ ูа୏բ߄ၲ‫ޑ‬БԄ຾Չྎ೯ȐЦඁ‫ە‬Ǵ2007ǹϾຽԁǴ2011ǹࡼ⍌ӵǴ2004ȑ Ƕ (Β) ᇶշ‫ྎ܄‬೯‫س‬಍ ! ! ᇶշ‫س‬಍߾ࢂճ Ҕ ‫ ނ‬ҹ ຾ Չ ྎ ೯ ‫ ޑ‬ኳ Ԅ Ƕёӆ୔ϩࣁ: 1. ߚႝηᇶշ‫س‬಍:хࡴ‫ނ‬ҹȐ֖ჴ‫ނ‬ǵኳࠠǵё᝻Ԅ‫׎‬ᡏ‫س‬಍ȑǵ࣬Тǵკฝǵጕ చკǵ಄ဦǵЎӷ฻Ƕ΋૓ёஒ‫ځ‬ᇙԋྎ೯‫ހ‬ǵკਜ‫܈‬ӈӷෳ฻բࣁ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ ྎ೯‫ޑ‬ᐏኺǶ 2. ႝηᇶշ‫س‬಍:хࡴૈᒡрᇟॣ‫ྎޑ‬೯Ꮤǵႝတྎ೯೬ҹ฻ଯࣽ‫מ‬ౢࠔࣣឦϐǶಷ ֮޹Ȑ2006ȑම᏾౛рख़ࡋምᛖ‫ޣ‬٬Ҕႝηᇶշ‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ᓬᗺ:. 23.

(34) (1). ෧ե᠋‫ॄޣ‬ᏼǶ. (2). ٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬ό໪൨‫ݙޑޣ᠋؃‬ཀΚջёЇวྎ೯Ƕ. (3). ૈஒૻ৲εໆᓯӸǶ. (4). ᔅշ୏բምᛖ‫ޣ‬Ȑ‫ٯ‬ӵတ‫܄‬ഞ࿄ȑǴԖਏᒧ‫܈ڗ‬໺ၲྎ೯٣‫ނ‬Ƕ. (5). ԖᇟॣϷຎ᝺և౜Ƕ. Οǵᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍፾Ҕჹຝ ! ! ASHAȐ2005ȑමᇥܴAACૈံᓭᝄख़ምᛖ‫قޑޣ‬ᇟ/ᇟ‫߄ق‬ၲ‫ک‬౛ှ֚ᜤ‫܌‬೷ԋ ‫ޑ‬ኩਔ‫҉܈‬Φཞ໾ǵࢲ୏ᆶୖᆶ‫ޑ‬ज़‫ڋ‬ǶӢԜAAC‫ޑ‬٬Ҕ‫ޣ‬೯தࢂᝄख़ྎ೯ምᛖ‫ޣ‬ Ȑಷ ֮޹Ǵ2006ȑǴᖐΥӢཀѦǵ਻Ϫǵύ॥ǵԾഈੱǵတ‫܄‬࿂࿄ǵӭख़ምᛖ฻ӢનᏤठ ค‫قݤ‬ᇟ‫ޣ‬Ǵ೿ёᙖҗྎ೯ᇶ‫ޑڀ‬ᔅշ٬‫ૈځ‬ᆶΓྎ೯Ȑླྀ୯ࡀǴ1996ȑǴόፕԃស ‫ޑ‬ελ‫ྎࢂ܈‬೯ምᛖԋӢǴ೿ᔈග‫ٮ‬AAC୍ܺǶ ! ! Զऩట٬ᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ૈၲനԖਏ‫ޑ‬ၮҔǴ߾ϝሡһᒘ஑཰ი໗‫ޑ‬ຑ՗Ϸࡌ᝼Ƕ ஑཰ი໗‫ޑ‬ԋ঩Ѹ໪хࡴ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ǵৎ৥ԋ঩ǵᙴᕍ஑཰Γ঩ȐЈ౛ৣǵᙍૈ‫ݯ‬ᕍ ৣǵ‫ނ‬౛‫ݯ‬ᕍৣǵᇟ‫ݯق‬ᕍৣȑǵᏢਠ஑཰Γ঩Ȑ੝௲௲ৣǵද೯੤Դৣǵ௲ৣշ౛ ঩ǵՉࡹΓ঩ȑȐࠬ໡࣓Ǵ2010ȑǶ஑཰ი໗‫ޑ‬ಔԋΓ঩ё٩‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޑޣ‬ԃសǵූ ም௃‫׎‬฻ሡ‫؃‬຾Չፓ᏾Ǵோ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ޣ‬ҁΓϷ‫ځ‬ৎΓࢂ᏾ঁი໗όё‫܈‬લ‫ޑ‬ᜢᗖΓ ‫ނ‬ǴନΑ໪Ӆӕᔕ‫ۓ‬Ҟ኱ᆶीฝǴΨѸ໪ӄዬୖᆶ᏾ঁຑ՗ᆶ૽ግၸำǴዴߥ‫ي‬Јም ᛖ‫ޣ‬ӧᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ၮҔ΢ૈֹӄ಄ӝሡ‫؃‬Ǵ٠ය೚ૈගϲྎ೯ૈΚᆶ‫཮ޗ‬ϕ୏‫ޑ‬ ୖᆶࡋȐླྀ୯ࡀǴ1996ȑǶ. ມǵᔈҔᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ϐ࣬ᜢࣴ‫ز‬ ߈ԃٰǴᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍೴ᅌ೏ᔈҔ‫ྎܭ‬೯૽ግϐ௲Ꮲᆶࣴ‫ز‬Ǵନܴᡉගϲ‫ي‬Јምᛖ ‫ޣ‬ϐྎ೯ૈΚѦǴΨᡍ᛾ёቚу‫ځ‬ᆶдΓϕ୏‫ૈޑ‬Κᆶᐒ཮ǶаΠஒଞჹӭय़ӛ຾Չ ௖૸ǵϩ‫݋‬Ǵ٠᏾౛୯ϣ߈ԃٰᔈҔᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫يܭ‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯૽ግ‫࣬ޑ‬ᜢࣴ ‫ز‬Ǻ ΋ǵ຾Չ‫ي‬Јምᛖ‫ྎޣ‬೯૽ግ‫܌‬٬Ҕϐᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ᅿᜪ ᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍‫ޑ‬ᅿᜪ౲ӭǴฅ‫ځ‬ύёϩࣁߚᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ᆶᇶշྎ೯‫س‬಍ǴคፕҺ. 24.