性別刻板印象威脅及其在教育與輔導上之應用

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(10) ~;tt. ~~AU. '. , 85-92 ~~X. 0. '. ~~~(.~88). 0. 1J£t1. 53USjZ~I¥J~WW~~*~~t~m{Ufu~ ~/J\~¥:cpgffi1:1L!hl¥Jlmf*, tiJfJi:jj~R~FJ fU. ~W. 0. ' 7(1) , 57-80. 0. Aronson, J., Lustina, MJ., Good, e., Keough, K., Steele, e.M., &Brown, J.(l999).When white men can' t do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. Journal of experimental Social Psychology, 35, 29-46.. Aronson, L, Fried, C., & Good, C. (2002). Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,. 38,113-125. Brown, R. P. & Pinel, E. e.(2003). Stigma on my mind: Individual differences in the ex perience of stereotype threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,. 39,626-633. Croizet, J.e., &Claire, T.(1998).Extending the concept of stereotype threat to social class: The intellectual underperformance of stu dents from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24,588-594.. England, P.(l981).Assessing Trends in Occupational Sex Segregation, 1900-1976. In Ivar Berg(ed.), Sociological Perspectives on Labor Markets. New York: Academic Press. Gonzales, P:M., Blanton, H., & Williams, K. J.(2002). The effects of stereotype threat. 48. and double-minority status on the test per formance of Latino women. Personality and Social Psychology, 28(5), 659 670. Levy, B.(l996). Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping. Joumal ofPersonality and Social Psychology,. 71,1092-1107. Leyens, J. P., Desert, M., Croizet, J. e., & Darcis, e.(2000).Stereotype threat: Are lower sta tus and history of stigmatization precon ditions of stereotype threat? Personality and Social Psychology, 20\10), 1189-1199. Marx, D. M. &Roman, J. S.(2002). Female role models: protecting women's math test per formance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 1183-1193. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, e. G.(2003). Alleviating women's mathe matics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39,. 83-90. National Science Foundation(2000). Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2000(NSF Publication No.00-327). Arlington, VA: Author. Pinel, E. e.(l999). Stigma consciousness: The Psychological legacy of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76,114-128.. Schmader, T.(2002). Gender identification mod erates stereotype threat effects on womens math performance. Journal of. Experiment,. 194-201. Spencer, S. l, Steele, Stereotype thl formance. J( Social Psyc. Steele, e. M. & AI threat and the· of African Personality 6~5),. 797-81. Steele, C. M.(l99~ stereotypes sh performance. 52,613-629. Steele, C. M., Sp (2002).Conter psychology oj tity threat. In in experiment: pp.379-440)...

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