臺灣香蕉產量之擴展與產區之變遷

(98)

Taipei: Yearbook: 1951.

In Chinese. Fo.restry. Taiwan Agric!J.ltural

Taiwan Government Press

,

19.52.

台灣香蕉產量之擴展與產區之變遷

Provincial Government of Taiwan

,

Department of Agriculture and Forestry. Taiwan Agricultural Yearbook: ·1962. Taipei: Taiwan Government Press

,

1963. In Chinese.

Provincial Government of Taiwan

,

Department of Agriculture· and Forestry. Taiwan Agricultural Yearbook: 1967. Taipei: Tai wan Government Press

,.

1968. In Chinese.

Provincial Government of Taiwan

,

E:3partment of Agriculture and Forestry. Agriculture in Taiwan: 1971. Taipei: Taiwan Government Press

,

1972. In Chinese.

Taichung Fruit Marketing Cooperative Association. Personal Com-munications.

cgbperathes. Marketing

Taiwan Provincial Federation of Fruit Personal Communications.

一

....

Taiwan Provincial Federation.

.o

f Fruit Marketing Cooperatives.

A Study of the Production and Marketing of Taiwan

Ching-kuo. Compendium of Banana Variety 剖ld、 Cultural Re-searches. . Chiayi: Taiwa，n Agricul~uralResearch)nstitute

,

1968 . In Chinese.

Chu

,

Ching-kuo. "Experiments on Pl

a.n

tingDensity for Banana in Central Taiwan." Journal of the Horticultural Society of China (December 1967) 13

,

pp. 1-6. In Chinese.

Executive Yuan (Central Government)

,

International Economic

Co-o.perat~ve Committee .Region,al Planning in Taiwan.,Taipei

1971. In Chinese. Chu

,

師大學報

zn

Executive Yuan (Central Government)

,

International Economic

οperative Comniittee

,

bepartment of Urban Planning.

Outline of Multiple Planning in Taiwan. Taipei: Tuang Press

,

1972.. In Chinese.

第二十期

Federation of .Taiwan Fruit Marketin

g-

Cooperati ve·s. ·Personal Com-munications.

Chung Ru. "The Effects of Temperature and Moisture. on the Banana Yield of Taiwan.n Bulletin of the Geographical Societyof China (October 1971) Number 2, pp. 11-14. In Chinese.

Ho

,

Taiwan. Taipei: Chinese-Rural Reconstruction

,

1957. E. C. Land Use Conditions in

American Joint Commission on In Chinese.

Hsia

,

Taiwan -- ilha Formosa: A Geography in Per-· Washington: Butt.erworths

,

1964.

Chiao-min. spective. Hsieh

,

Chang-Tchong. "Inspecting and Marketing of Banana Production in Tai wan. " In Tai wan F芋Jlit Book. Taipei: Bank of Taiwan

,

1965. pp. 92-121. In Chinese.

Hu

,

"Production of Bananas in Taiwan." In Taiwan Taipei: Bank of Taiwan

,

1965. pp. 71-91. Chang-Tchong.

Fruit Book. In Chinese. Hu

,

Olmstead

,

Clarence W. 竹 American Orchard 缸ld Vineyard Regions." Economic Geography (July 1956) 32, No.3

,

pp. 189-229. Olmstead

,

Clarence W. "The Phenomena

, .

Functioning Units and

Systems of Agriculture." GeographiaPolonica (1970) 19

,

pp

.

31-41. 一三 O University Oxford London: Oxford Economic Atlas of the World.

Press

,

1972. Fourth edition.

and Agriculture Department of

Taiwan

,

R

.

ovincial Government of

(100)

factor on the expansion o

r.

banana production

,

there is still a large area of sloping grasslands which could bEA made available for pro-duction; but

,

as mentioned previously

,

the .extent of future

develop-台灣香蕉產量之擴展與產區之變遷

ment of Taiwanrs banana industry :will be mainly determined by de-Be.sides the supply of land 'for banana

pro~uction，' there are still plenty of opportunities per hectare yields through' technic.al improvements

During the five-year period

,

1963-1967

,

the yield of bananas was 1 雪， 252 kilograms

for' increase of

。f

mand on the export markets.

methods

In

average cultivation .

is quite 'pqssible tq increase ~heper hectare yield in Taiwan to about 20,000

kilograms in the next decade.

It hectare. per

The banana industry in Taiwan during the last

-has shirted;甜om production for local consumption only to production for international trade.

years seventy

10-cation from hill lands in west-central Taiwan to the plains area in the southwestern part of the island. Factors of

and low soil fertility in hill lands .producing area~ in contrast the relative absence of disease and high fertility in former

lands in plains areas contributed directly to the shift in overall production emphasis (rom hill lands to plain. More rapid maturing

缸ld disease paddy to emphasis b剖lana shifted its It has also

another factor con-of banana pI剖lts in the southwestern area was

tributing to the change in location of production.

Taipei. ~ank of Taiwan.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Journal of the Bank of 1967. In Chinese Bank of Taiwan.

Taiwan

,

二九

Te Tsui. Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Bananas in Taiwan. .Taipei: Taiwan PI

.

ovincial Federa-tion of Fruit Marketing Cooperatives

,

1968

,

In Chinese.

Cl即可，

Chinese-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction. Taiwan Agricultural Statistics

,

1901-1964. Taipei: T~iwan

Government Press

,

1965. In Chinese.

York: New Republic of China. The Service,. Chinese Inform'ation 1972.

the of percent Nantou

,

30 In 1956 in Taichung 缸ld to diesease. The preva~ence of

a. leaf spot· di-Panana disease

,

or wilt disease

,

sease

,

lowered production significantly in Taichung" 剖ld

Sigatoka

,

banana plants were destr-oyed by banana aphid.

of and

Nantol1 in

師大學報

Diseases have been responsible for the complete destruction 1964.

west-central re-the

1n of many thousands of hectares of bananas'

Y R A -M nM KU OOQ 叫 _{AND CONCLUSIONS} 第二十期 190's in the early Taiwan Banana production for export from

govern-War II 剖ld ensuing civjJ war

Japanese the

first developed due to encouragement from After the dislocations of World 口lent.

unrestri-had ended

,

the re-opening of the Japanese market to the

to Tai-cted importation of bananas in 1963 provided great impetus

A dramatic expansion in production occur-wan 's banana indu stry .

VM U AU n oe c-n et s area and especially in the redboth in the west-central

1S-bananas

,producing area in southwestern Taiwan

,

making

Estimation of Japan's projected. land~s· mo st import缸lt export crop.

which demand

1n 1ncrease an

consumption of bananas indicates

means a continuing market for banana exports 剖ld the production of

Fol-foreign. exchange.

Taiwan is by far the major exporter of banana~in Asia.

lowing the lifting of restrictions in Japan volume 460

,

094 in'1963

,

export

to 1963 1n from Taiwanrose from 132

,

489 metric tons

metric tons in 1965 and 6 雪 3 ， 800 in 1967. No other countries 1n banana 1S pro-export is concern'ed.

jected to· gro w by 3.7 to 4.8 percent

In addition to population growth

,

projected. to be 1.1 as

in Japan f 缸 as bananas this part of the world are of majorimportance

Total demand for

periGd

八‘ percent per year

,

the banana consumption per. capita in Japan the

du~ing

缸lnually 1967 to 1972.

1S expected to rise 2.3 to 3.4 percent per year on the average. Hence the future for the export of Taiwan bananas to Japan se,ems bright.

1S Taiw 缸1 1n

bananas planted in

At present

,

the total area

about、 44 ， 000 hectares which accounts for only 'about 4.9 percent of limiting a

1S land While :the total cultivated, land on the island.

the slope and dry lands in this area. The Taichung area is also situated south of the Snow Range and to the west <;>f the Central Range. The former acts as a barrier to the cold northeast mon-soon in winter 自ld the latter to .typhoons in the autumn. dence

,

the

centr~lregion is topographically well suited for growing, bananas.'

The Kaohsiung area is more suitable to the growth of bananas with respect to climate. Located to the south of the Tropic of Cancer'

,

it has high temperatures throughout the ye缸， with an

o~ .

average of over 59~F. in every' month. Frost is rare

,

temper-(102)

demand for bananas is keen

,

particularly 扭 J~p缸1• Furthemnpre

,

bananas from the west-central area are usually better i~ quality than 'bl!nanas produced i

:o.

southern regions because of their slower rate of !Jlaturing. Since the banana plants in this region arel.ar

ge-ly

rai叫 on 叫 slop帥，

there a

…

o

compeU師 C叫s

which

can 高

beraised as' profitably as bananas. From this point of view ,of ~

far~ land utilization

,

banana cultivation is the best utilizatio(n of 產

量 之j 擴 展 其 產 區 之 變1 遷l

atures are high ，缸ld rainfall is abundant from May through Sep-tember. The west-central area is less well endowed with uniform-4igh temperatures. Since temperatures decrease with altitude

,

the danger of frost in winter is an existing threatto banana pro-duction in Taichung

,

N缸ltou ， and (Changhlta.. For example

,

the over-night frost in mid-January

,

1959

,

damaged up to 1820 he-ctares of bananas in Nantou

,

causing a loss of 8

,

400

,

000kilograms of fruit. In January~ 1962

,

Changhua and Nantou farms suffered, from frost over an area of 592 hectares，剖ld lost a total of 4

,

240

,

000 kilograrp.s of bananas. In 1963

,

30 percent of the banana

pI缸Its in the west-central region were damaged.

Banana diseases have also done great harm to banana pro-duction in Taiwan 缸ld have influenced the "shift in producing areas "七

from central to south'. In the. p'ast fifteen years

,

the pres~nce of banana aphid has been disastrous for many sectio'ns of theTaichung area. Farmers in this region do not usually fertilize their plan-tings. At the same time

,

the hilly slopes lack naturally fertile .soils. The cOII,1bination results in pI剖Its1 having lower resistance

not collected; and they are not available from any of the regional fruit marketing cooperative associations. It is evident

,

however

,

less than one-half that in the Kao-Pi時 area (Table' 5).

Data revealing the percentage of p~ddyland utilized for banana

r-roduction in either area or data comparing the percentage of

要 ba叫a cu仙a叫 in formeηaddyfields w仙似 i心yareas are

舉

報

第 that since the establishment of the new national policy of banana

平 exportsin 1963

,

both the acreage and the 制ount of banana prod.

uc-期 tion have increased tremendously. While i'he total' acreage has been significant change both in the method ofcultivation and in the areas of concentration. In the Kaohsiung area

,

bananas are

cul-tivated 缸ld cared for intensively. Due to care and improvements in

cultivation method

,

irrigation

,

and,appropriate application of

ferti-li~ers and insecticides

,

the production per unit area has increased. In the paddy fields 訂1 Pingtung near Kaohsiung

,

the average harvest per hectare was about 25

,

700 kilograms per hectare in 1967 while banana production on the dry farms and some paddy fields in Kao-hsiung averaged 20

,000 kilograms per hectare.

Part

.o

f the reason for the lower yield in the west-central'area is the hilly topography and poor soils and the fact that only limited expansion has taken place into paddy lands which remain devoted to rice and sugar cane production. In addition

,

farmers in T~ichung

seldom care about the fact that bananas are "soil killers" and that even non-disease infested lands should be abandoned after a period of ten to fifteen years of use. iThe average production in Nantou is even poorer. It was abo ut 7

,

000 kilograms per hectare in 1967

,

less than one-third of Pingtung ' s. The banana acreage in .the

二 Kaohsiungarea is only 35 percent of the total acreage in Taiwan

,

八 but the production is 56 percent of the totalc• On the other hand

,

wes t.~central Taiwan accounts for 48 percent of the ‘province's

acreage of bananas but for only 23 percent of the production.

In one sen'se

,

however

,

the Taichung area is,the most suitable region for banana production because the fruit is harvested throug-.hout the four seasons

,

including the fall and winter when the market

(104)

percent 23.2

to

。 f the total provincial banana production dropped

from 49.6 percent in just five白 years. From 1961 to 1966

,

banana

台灣香蕉產量之擴層與產區之變遷

from 43 per-producUbn in the Kao-Ping 前ea increased five times

,

The southwestern cent to 56 percent of Taiwan' s total production.

月gion had emerged as the leading area of production.

interrelated In' also

with change in agricultural lar吋 use and systems of pr。其uction. 1961

,

bananas were grown on

-,,

291 hectares of former paddy rice fields

,

representing 23 percent of the total banana-planted area.

were The changes in production and location

In 1967

,

however

,

paddy fields used for banana growing had eXf>anded had increased more annual bananas

rapidly than the expansion of the planted

production of 113.312 metric tons of bananas in the 194字 1963 period~ the output increased to 527

,

721 metric tons in 1966; 缸ld it increased

an From area.

of to 15

,

420 hectares; 缸ld the output

more short period of only four years (Tables

a represents This

further to 653

,800 metric tons in 1967.

than fivefold increase in the

2

,

5 ).

shift in

large banana-producing areas. The increase aQ.d potential for

in-j

,crease in production per unit area is greater in the Kao 4Ping area

Over~ll， the in6rease in production per

tWI。

the There are a number of factor influencing the

than in the Taichung area.

unit area was achieved through application of better methods in

cul-tivation 缸ld more inputs of chemical fertilizers 剖ld pesticides; but

,

in addition; the utilization of more fertile.lands for banana produc':

“

tion was also a strategic factor in .raising the per hectare yield.- In ten year s

,

1.951 -1 961

,

the average vi aId of bananas was only 7

,

635 It increas¢ ·to 阱， 746 kilogr剖os in 1967 In Kaohsiung

,

the per hectare yield 6f bana-nps is,

parti-kilograms per hectare. (Table 2).

1963 -1967

,

the average yield was about 23

,

203;kilograms p訂 he­

This was the highest among all the bariana planting areas in In Taichung, due tQ low fertility on these hilly

l缸lds ， the yield per hectare isusually low." In the period 1963-1967

the average yield! was a1:X>ut 9

,

384 kilograms per hectare. 叫lichwas

二五 。f crop spring- 缸ld summer r,eason

,

。ne

cularly high because

,

for

ctare.

The northern part the Island. and southwestern 1 、 rts of central Temperature dif-of plants.

of the island has only small· numbers

be planted may

Bananas ferences are the most 'important factor.

throughout the whole year from Taichurrg south; but because of the

師大學報

following tW.9' points pI缸Iting is, best done during the period January First

,

bananas planted in this period will still be com--April. and season typhoon fall 缸Id paratively small during the summer

the exported of

most Secondly

,

thus less susceptible to damage.

第二十期

bananas are for Jap缸lese markets which usually suffer from a lack If June. 缸ld

April

,

May

,

of supply of fruits during the months of

April

,

the first bananas are planted in Taiwan in January through

June' of the following

yea"

harvest will be during April through

when they will bring higher prices m Japan. Locational Change of Banana Production

with favorably compete

can Because of high profits

,

bananas

Therefore

,

bananas have broken the boun-most competitive crops.

dary of their original stronghold in the hilly regions and have been able to squeeze into the plains area; and in some southern parts of the island

,

bananas'have encroached-on paddy fields

riGe production.

displacing

pro.:. was total production In 1950

,

80 percent of the island' s

Kω­ By The

.

、‘.'， AE--(Figure Taiwan

duced in the west-central area of

second. AU

eo

banu m

.J

r3 φ •• n e c r e nr

hsiung 咀Pingtung area

,

produc ing 10

In hectares over

1961

,

banana fields in the south totaled

area and accounted for 43 perce!!t of the total provincialproducti。阿

1966

,

as By

while the Taichung area had fallen to 49.6 percent.

to increased production

the export amount greatly increased 缸ld

ln-over 408

,000 metric tons

,

the total production area in Taiwan

In were Over 15

,

000 hectares creased to over 36

,

500 hectares.

二四 before

,

re-In land farm years presenqng 40 percent of the total banana producing Tai wan (Figure 2).

five four times the area of

the Kao-Ping 前ea ，

the 'Taichung area increased by over 3

,

000 hectares; but the percentage

(106)

that the mean minima for successful plant growth lies somewhere in severely

台灣香蕉產量之攝展與產區之變遷

Con-800F the low 60's; 缸ld 缸1y temperatures below this range will

chec.k growth

,

damage p~ants ， and even destory the fields. sequently

,

it is clear that temperatures with a mean around with a narrow range around ,that point are preferred.

terrain is generally flat

For commercial banana production

,

a

preferred because mechanized implements and transport can be can 'be applied more water

utilized more effectively

,

irrigation

problem. soil erosion is a smaller

highly and

easily than in hilly areas

,

have compar- re-soils

atively short periods of productive life; and nutrients must be placed through fertilization if cropping is continuous with bananas.

fertile Under banana cultivation

,

even

alluvial Fertile

In Taiwan

,

bananas are known as a "勻。 il killer."

soils may support bananas under continuous

fer-land. soils cropping without

hill tilizer

.f

or twenty years or more;

will be exhausted of nutrients in less than ten years. but less fertile

,

VM AV---且 , i ., A ATLw r e

n-、 i .、& O S soil

,

the

The more fertile also influences the spacing Of plants.

Fertilization achieves important . in the clo ser the banana pI副1tS.can be spaced.

1S

缸ld dwarf varieties can obviously be planted more closely by also

banana of

The variety the same purpose.

spac1ng

,

is to be purchased weight

,

the pI缸Iter will seek high gross yields of fruit 缸ld there-fore choose dense planting. l;f,the bananas are sold by number

,

the planter will be more Ainterested in growing the maximum number large bunches which may reduce gross yields.

of fruit

the In addition

,

if than larger ones.

S.

Pacing may range widely within the approximate limits

,

1000-2

,

500pI缸1tsp~rhectare; four about but it is influenced by the factors'listed above.

minimum' of As we have seen

,

bananas

inches of rainfall per" month for satisfactory with a e r .、 a u 月1 e r 一 一 一

-一 of This

,

growth. Thus

,

generally exceed tho'se in Tai-chung. : This is especially true in Kao-Ping during·the winter dry

temperature. with

also moisture requirements in Kao-Ping

位1d soil course

,

may vary

west-the 1n concentrated Taiwan is season. Banana production in

the'first' three months after the banana corm is planted and begins later production .to sprout. . After this period~ actual growth

depends primarily ~n'climatic factors

,

mainly rainfall and The shortest period of growth for

缸1d tempe-southern m bananas rature.

Tai wan is about twelve months，剖1d 缸1 upper limit on the number of midway in this period by fruit to be produced 'by any pI缸1t is

the nature of climatic conditions at that time. L.ater

,

which develop. set

師大學報

unfavorable Blos-conditions can reduce the number of fruit

第二十期

Within two weeks

,

soming occurs at approximately the nint.h month.

the fruit begins to develop; and the bananas .destined for export are' permitted to grow for about 80-90 days before

time

,

growth rapidly accelerates; 副1d at the beginning of ripeness

,

the banana finger (ipdividual banana) is about double the size of the After this cutting.

exported fruit.

Since most bananas in tropical conditions mature their bunches in three months or less

,

it is evident that any major differences final fruit size are the result of differences in growth rates

,

not in

Yields are ~regularlydistributed throughout the year in any bal'il.ana cultivation which is not adjusted by specific

schedules

,

but period df drought or low reduce growth and therefore reduce flowering.

in

time of development.

temperatures planting

The result is that

under 缸1y planting schedule

,

the peaks of production tend to occur size itself may be decreased by drought

,

low temperatures

,

or defoliation thereby adding further variations into total

Fruit fruit •

the late in the seasons selected for maturing of

yields.

Taiwan is one of the few areas of the world where banana culti-' vation is carried on outside of the 50-inch isohyet and the 60oF.

m1nunum the

1S

Four inches of rain per month winter isotherm.

higher temperat'Ures . is pI剖1tS the for With moisture satisfactory amount for banana growth.

in southern Taiwan

,

more available

required. If soils are extremely porous as is often tne case in _the

additional moisture is required. to

produces A mean temperature of 700·F. implies

r~gard

With 700 F Taichung area

,

temperature a mean mpnthly figure of less than some check on banana growth.

6

TABLE

1961

HARVESTED

PERCENTAGES

YIELD

PERCENTAGES

HSIEN

&

CITY

AREA

OF TOTAL

(Kilograms)

OF TOTAL

(Hectares)

AREA

PRODUCTION

Hsinchu Hsien

63.00 7

,

890

Taichurig Hsien

3

,

.865.00 24

,

388

,

150

Changhua Hsien

'229.50 ₂

_,

₇₄₂

_,

₅₀₀

Nantou Hsien

8

,

089.50 36

,

812

,

360

SUBTOTAL

12

,

179.00 70.4 63

,

943

,

010 49.6

Chiayi Hsien

234.79 1

,

581

,

414

Tainaa Hsien

465.65 3 ， 662 ，雪 11

SUBTOTAL

700.44 4. i 雪， 243 ， 925 4.6

KaohsiungHHsien

1f

,

551 .00 21

,

869

,

897

Pingtung Hsien

2

,

253.00 33

,

612

,

460

SUBTOTAL

3

,f.

C4.00 22.0 55

,

482

,

357 43.0 '

Taitung Hsien

373.05 2.2 3

,

407

,

000 2.6

Hualien Hsien

114.40 829

,

906

TO"TAL

17

,

238.90 128

,

9-14

,

088

TAIWAN

,

IN

REGIONS

BY

PRODUCTION

BANANA

OF

COMPARISON

(HO ∞)

DAF

,

PGT

,

1:豆豆豆旦 Agricultural.

Yearbook:

19豆三 (Taipei:

Taiwan Government

Pr~ss ， 196

,);

Taiwan Provincial Federation of Fruit Marketing

Co

operatives

,

Taipei

,

ersonal communication

Source:

儡嗨 N 間酬)1m個觀N 剛間辦謝Ij益吟

t l

(109)

1n percent

base production increased from

4.6

percent in

1961

to

The hill region extending south along" the

the central mountains from the Hsi-lo, River in the north

15.4

。f western

1966.

Chi-to area from

1957

to

1967.

in the hill 1缸lds of eastern Yunlin.

In the Taitung area east of the central mountains

,

bananas planted in upJand areas paralleling the

percentage of banana production remained from

1950

to

1966

,

but the emphasis

south to north.

growmg was especially marked

banana 1n

shan in Kaohsiung was the,focus of expansion This development 師大學報 are The ( 1 .9 percent) Valley. Rift constant Taitung 第二十期 from shifted production 1n 1n floor In addition

,

planting moved to the valley

the reverse occurred.

alopg the headwaters of streams in the area. determine the reasons for these changes.

duction involved is relatively small (less than2' percent of tot~l proc;!uction)

,

I do not believe that later research will substantially the south, to rhigher

I have been unable to lands

t~e northern part of the ~ea during this period; but in Banana planting shifted

Since the area

缸ldpro-a only alter the main findings of this study.

Of the four areas above

,

Tainan 剖1d Taitung produqe

minor share of Tahvan' stotal banana crop; and' they play a very in the T

a,

ichung and Kao-Ping areas are of importance in foreign trade or in domestic markets beyond the local

two major producing areas; but

,

under detailed

the They 'constitute Only bananas produced

area. sm'all part in the' export of bananas.

analysis

,

it can be Before assessing bananas how

we ·must consider discovered that they also differ from each other. each producing area individually

,

are cultivated

,

agriculturalland 也ld

缸ld allocated

,

b缸1缸las are s

&Eh---sa

m e且 i. 、 -a 、'、' ... neh O 咕 咕刮 到 b VA M 剖 Ue c resources the Numerous general characteristics growth 缸ld survival. 一一 O their for pI剖lts the of

These may vary to a ce企 tain extent depending potentia-Extensive studies have shown that the

lity for vegeta~ivegrowth,and fruit production is determined during

(110)

exceeded those of the Kao-Ping area (41.6 percent to 40.07 percent)

,

but the production by weight W;:1.S less than half of the

Kao-Ping area's (25,.6 percent to 61.34 percent) (Tables 5 個d.i 6). From ,1957 to 1967, the produci時位ea expanded east~ard along 全 the Ta-ehia and Wu River 一lleys ， into the Pu -Li Basin in central 書

Nantou

,

southeastward along th~ upper Hsi-Lo River valley

,

and 蕉

趾gher

into the hill lands. To the west- areal expansion

occurred 置

deep into the coastal plain 句oq啦I泓th of Cα】hanghua City; but some'west- 之 w叫 movem叫 i扭np戶戶r岫 c叫ti臼。∞no∞c∞c …叫叫咖or叭

'of the plain. 與

The Kao -Ping

produ心… is loca叫 i叫1伽estemTaiwmE

on the low卅ng but well吐叫ned alluvial 叫lof 伽 Pingt叫 Plain 孟

缸ld the hilly region of Linpien along the coast east of the Kao-Ping 遷

River. B剖1剖la production equalled 10.7 percent of Taiwan' s total in 1950

,

43.0 percent in 1961

,

and 56.0 percent in 1966. The five-year average

,

1963-1967

,

of 61.34 percent indicates either,or both wide fluctuations in production or discrep剖lcies ~n available data. Since production totals are not, available for all .h且盟主 every year or perce~tagesavailable for each area on a year-by-year basis

,

we cannot make a defi.nitive comparison. From 1957 to 1967 the greatest areal expansion in production took place within tli

!t.

existing center of production east of t~e Kao-Ping River and at the single largest producing di strict in Taiwan

,

Chi -shan. Expan-sion also took place westward on the co字stal plain 缸ld northward into tqe foothills of the Yu Shan and A-Ii Shan ranges.

The Tainan area lies between the Kao-Ping area and theTai-chung area. and includes the three hsiens of Tainan

,

Chiayi ，自ld

Yunlin.. Expansion of the producing area was minimal during the period 1951-1961

,

and the decrease in the percentage of total Tai- 九

wan banana production from 6.2 percent in 1950 to 4.6 percent could be accounted f~r by the ~ack of data ~or Yunlin in 1961 stati-stics. Nevertheless

,

this area e~periencedthe largest percentag~

increase in hectares harvested in Taiwan

,

from 4.1 pe;c·ent in 1961

(JHHH >

l

5 TABLE HECTARE PER YIELυ

HECTARAGE, PRODUCTION, AND TAIWAN

,

BY AREA

,

1963-67 HAHVESTED

AVERAGE

P HODUCTION AREA HBCTARAGE_HECTAREA HARVESTED_{PERCENTAGE M.T.}PRODUCTION YIELD PER HECTARE PERCENTAGE KG. INDEX τ:于ipei'Area 1,017 2.68 8,099 1.41 7,964 52.54 TaichungArea 1 雪 ({67 41.60 147,393 25.65 9,348 61.67 Tainan Area 4,365 11 .52 56,.591 9.85 12,965 85.53 Kaohsiung Area 1 弓， 187 40.07 352,384 61.34 23,203 153.06 Other Areas 1,563 4.12 10,056 1.75 6,434 42.44 TOTAL 37,899 100.00 574,523 100.00 1 雪， 159 100.00 BANANAS IN OF

Tai\\,an Government Press, 1968). DAF，已GT ，工旦旦旦 ARTiculturalYear惶逃: 1967 (Taipei:

台灣香蕉產量之擴展與產區之變遷

(112)

Before 'World

pr。由

a key to understandingi.t.s changing location.

Bananas are prQduc叫、in every 控is且 in Taiwan.

War II

,

the five big producing areas in order of importance

Taicl1ung

,

Kao-Ping

,

Hsinchl且， Tai~an ，剖ld Taitung. In this period.,

the t油lelandof Hsinchu and Mi.aoli was an important banana

ducing center in close proxi~ityto the Taipei market and exporting

facilitie~at the harbor pf Keelung. I t constituted proportionally a were

Table 5

,

Fi豈ure 2 The widesgread onslaught of banana disease

b叫1副la fields 剖ld severely limited

研﹒oduction than

larger share of Taiwan·'·s 'total or Fr

m,

re 4 indicate.

in 1954 Gestroyed most of the

production into the early 1960s when the lise of chemical pesticides by smallholders became common practice. This accounts

increasing

,

though limited

,

importance of the Taipei area in banana produ9tion in 1966-1967. Since 1954

,

however

,

there

for the

beel)

have

缸ld along the eastern From 1950 to 1967, remained total 49.6 number of he-only four main producing areas.

The TaichuI;t§ producing area is located

in

west-central T~wan

in the hill lands ringing the Taichung Basin, in the Basin itself especially around the county seat of Nantol且，

margin of the western plain in Changhua 垃語旦­

the rank,order of production in the

Nantou

,

Taichung, an4. Changhua. . 79.9 percent of Taiwan' s 'banana pr

.

oduction came from the west~Emtralarea in 1950

,

percent in 196"1

,

and 23. 2 percent in 1966.' 3 ctares harve、sted seems to have remained

has

The hsiens three

period from 1951 to 1961 t"although the

kilogr剖n production increased by nearly 50 percent.

1961', the Taichung area' s share of the total national 'banana ducing area averaged 41 .6 perc.ent

,

but this was a decrease nearly 30 percent from the 1961

harvested in the period 1963-1967 in the' Taichung

the ab,solute During 1963- pro-relatively stable in Taichung area' s

七

。f Hectares slightly 。 f 70.4. percentage area

Table 5 11:i ves the 3

Cf. Figure 1

,

Table 6

,

and Figure 2. 1963-1967 average as 25: 65 perc'ent.

Fig. 4 ~lanted Ar,ea of Bananas in Different Counties of Taiwan

,

1966 T22

fl句 p

:J~

e nu \ Lait ‘ σ 設Le--一一一一一

-Q

悟: 師大學報 第二于知 - •

5

Each dot reoresents 20 hectares

ill:!

'‘

阿戶

台灣香蕉產量 a之擴展與產區之變遷 q

(114)'

Fig. 3 口。

-23' 一一一 \ 1.1 、 ο

但

五

--~)

'1

s +u n

i---e

s e r p e r

--o d h o a pa

20 hestares

」且立一一一一一一一

(115)

F:

ig. 2 Perc也lta.ge'of Banana'PI叫uctionin Different Counties of Taiwan in 1966

Q

HeOQchuo/'l

iP¢.

2%·1

三「一

24 。

lJ~

這?

o

。

!ζi叫人皆:以

VAi給海深VI

2

四|圓心;叫

昨卅

H

一

J

一|

r-\ 報 -第

喘阿|

y

. ( _~

..1

s+•

25·

'-高

10 5 。 120· 21

.

Il2.·

(116 )

Percentage of Ban延 na Production in Different Counties of Taiwan in 1950 Fig. 1 可台灣香蕉產暈之擴展與產區之變遷 2')'1 2.'t 2~ 1 1.主歹 121' 一一」拉 、.、::"\"】L. /...~~I.川卒lIlou刷刷啊S O p 15 10 6 2~ 2 12:1." 21.

this question is

an

analysis of the changing distribution of peosu-· ction and changes which farmers have made in their systems of

師 bmma

production-盃 :rheAr叫 Distribution

of Banana Production

i

I J}~ When the maps and figures are compared

,

several facts are

im-i~ ImediatelY recognizable. Banana production is widely dispersed

二 throughoutthe cultivated areas of the is叫la缸n吋d ， yet concentrated in a

品 f跆ew p戶r吐忱

ir旭恥

n肘l叩帥

C

2

Hsinchu production areas. - Tho;;}se lie within the western plains

and _hill regions. Scattered production is found in the Taitung rift valley, nan plain, and coastal hills in eastern Taiwan, which ac-count for less than 10 percent of the cultivated ar.ea of the island. THe areas lacking symbols may have some mini.mal production fρr domestic use with two major exceptions: mountain regions where bananas cannot be grown because of relief and temperature limit-ations

,

and coastal areas where velocities prohibit the maturingof

pI悶ts. The major centers of production have continued to be in

the Taichung and Kao -Ping areas although t

!:l

eir relative importance ha

-s

changed greatly in the period from 1950 to 1967.

Data from the four figures are mainly .from. the Department of

Agriculture 副ld Forestr.y, Provincial Government of Taiwan' s

Agricultural Ye~book 剖ld the private records of the Taiwan Pro-vincial Federation of Fruit Marketing Cooperatives. They show the regional distrib叫 ion of banana production，目ld their comparisοnis

2

立f. Figur色 3 as well as footnote. The KaohslUhg area

c~msistsof the Kaohsiung and Pingtung 主豆豆旦到 and the abbreviated

named "Kao.Ping" is used、 interchangeablyto designate the two-county area. The Tainan area consists of the 且呈且呈 of Tainan

,

已hiayi ， and Yunlin while the Hsinchu area includes Hsinchu

,

Tai-pei, Taoyuan, and Miaoli 且旦旦旱， References to "west-central Taiwan" or the "west-central area" are to the Taichung area, and those to -the "southwestern area!' or· "southwest Taiwan" are tothe Kao-Pin"g area.

in Taiwan.

f位lance industrialization which emphasizes rational use' of all re-sources" especially farm land; 副ld new opportunities, for farmers to make' a profit 剖ld their desire to make

,m

ore money. We c~ eva-luate only tl:ie most important of these factors; but all of them con-tribute to the background to the changing emphasis

,

changing 1。由 cational arrangements，缸ld changing systems of banana production

export

( 118)

卓越 日 灣 香 蕉 產 量

The production of many farm crops

,

as a general rule

,

is limited 之 叭le fact臼 of s叫ce farm land. B~m耶仰na叫1協叫叫a缸z

no exception

,

but banana cult

“

ivat

“

ion requires only a small amount 與

O吋f Ie河叫1 fa缸rm 1削忱… bar叫s 伊。w川伊i加

t怕ew鴨叫

e叫1

a叫de閃qu岫at峙~ moisture and temperature are available. ,The 44

,

101

~芸

hectares used for banana production' in 1967 equalled only abbut 遷l 4.8 'percent of Hie total cultivated land on the island.· It" woul~

appear that land will not be a limiting factor on the areal expan

,-sion of banana production because there is !Still a large area ,of sloping land available for banana production; .but this does nol consider questions concerning soil fertility

,

adequate soil' depth for banana growth

,

or the reliance on fertilization~ As mentioned previously

,

the extent of future development of Taiwan'

s

banana industry will be mainly determined by demand on the

markets.

Expansion in foreign demand cannοt a.lone. explain the change in locat'弓n 缸ld·in emphasis 1\Thich are evident when one compares

Map IL .Jistribution of"Banana Production in Taiwan

,

1957 with Map IV for 1967. .The contrast in the development of 'the b缸lana

industry is even more evident when the located comparable divided circles and bar graph of Figure 1: Percentage of Banana Produ-ctlon in Different Counties of Taiwan in 1950 are compared with those in Figure 2 showing.,the

c

l:!

anged situation in 1966. How 剖ld

why did these locatio,nal arrangements develop 缸ld ch缸1ge.? A partial e萃planationof this question has already been presented in the preceding discussion concerning the development of ban剖池 production and' trade in Taiwan. 且在ually important in answering

位門@)

TABLE 4

QUANTITY OF BANANAS IMPORTED TO JAPAN, 1958-67 UNIT: METRIC TONS

.

'

YEAR TAIWAN ECUADOR HONDURAS著 PHILIPPINES THAILAND OTHERS TOTAL

J 1958 38,358

--

--

921 39,279 1959 38,769 113 38,883 1960 41,978 13 22 77 1,259 43,349 1961 67,673 4,873 20 101 4,083 76 ， 7 注。 1962 50,450 32,880 652 83,983 1963 50,354 203,423 341 268 254,386 1964 188,360 160,554 白 白 79 754 3,550 353,297 1965 316,191 34,236

--

10 4,270 3 ， 85~ 358,563 1966 340,673 71,423

--

308 1,430 6,430 420,264 1967 375,209 79,3,50 435 316 327 5,678 461,315 1963-6于 254,136 109,777 155 14 主 1,356 3,956 369,523 Average 1963-67 Percent- 68.7 29.6 .04 .04 .36 1.26 100.00 age

*Including Guatem.ala and Mexico

by _{台灣香蕉噩噩之擴展與產區之變遷}

1n The capacity

( 120)

In 1967

,

about 98.2 percent of Taiwan' s exported bananas were sold in Japanese markets; and

ave

r:

age of 6穹，7 percent ~'f Japanese Tai wan bananas. When the Japanese

1963-1967;' 'an dominated period were the imports during new its made government exp剖ld not could Taiwan 1n growers

;:c

}ir.y announcement

,

fruit the 1n delP a"'~ increased

production rapidly enough to meet the

nearly remainb斗 1963 anl0unt in The exported Japanese markets.

the same as the previous year' s level; but as SOOiI as Japan relaxed

couqtry

,

producing

major banana

a

Ecuador

,

its import controls

,

dis-The perce'ntage Japan.

to immediately increased her exports

tribution of imports by Japan from different count.ries during recent

副ld it reveals the relative increase years is shown in Table 4

,

Ecuador' s exports compared with Taiwan' s

of Taiwan' s producing areas is much smaller than 、 Ecuador's; exports.

but in 1964 increased

Taiwan' s banana production was significantly

r1sen

rapidly; 缸ld comparative advantages including lower transportation

costs for shorter distances have share large a has re -establish Japan to

Since then

,

the quantity of bananas exported

to helpted

position markets.

parti-Japanese

Generally speaking

,

Japanese people like Taiwan bananas

,

cularly those produced in the hilly lands of ~he Taichung area.

1n competitive

Taiwan' s of

CHANGES IN THE SYSTEMS AND LOCATION OF

BANANA PRODUCTION

πu ch目1ges banana have been undergo

:n

e many

in the period from 1951 to the pxesent.

戶:，oductionis only one of these changes.

given af' the reasons for these' changes in production totals

rapid 'of expanslOn MaiJ.y factors and The

,Agriculture in Taiwan,has

九 1n

泣ld

or

the amount of land u包 e for different crops: production; the necessity to feed,a rapidly

@

governmental policy seeking agricultural

foods; increased opportunities to export agricultural products with-pOpulation; basic mechanization 位1 iI1Creasl Ilg self -sufficiency e.g~ ，

(HNH)

1951.

TOTAL 、 ι

EXPO'RTS VALUE OF EXPORTS

YEAR !PRODUCTION M.T. INDEX %OF TOTAL 持 OF PRODUCTION USS 1,000 INDEX.

E、:M.T. PRODUCTION EXPORTS TD JAPAN

19 雪 1 100,008 29,502 100 26 4、:"3 4,560 100 19弓 2 106 ， 8 雪 6 42,566 161 40 19 7,694 169 19 雪 3 96,101 22,TiU 86 24 23 2,969 65 19 雪 4 ₉₈,008 29 ，古 29 111 ·30 29 3,369 74 1955 84,677 26,823 101 32 31 2,364 雪 2 19 雪 6 58,696 19,634 74 33 32 2,758 60 1957 92,466 之吉， 0 雪 6 _{95 27 26} 3 ，古 48 78 19 吉 8 _{111,266 41,388 156 37 36} 3 ， 88 古 8 主 1959 104~474 4 音， 191 171 43 42 6,028 1-32 1960 114 ，三 16 lH 40 39 6 ， 07 三 113

.

1961 129,669 73,263 276 主 7 JO 9 ，雪 56 之 10 1962 140 ，.8 7 古 至 2 ， 899 200 38 37 7 ，。可 J 15 弓 1963 143,489 至 2 ， 765 199 40 39 6,980 153 1964 267,898 190,224 718 y691 70 32,008 702 1965 460,094 318,·120 1,291 68 48.610 1,060 1966 吉 27 ， 721 34 吉， 300 1,303 6 古 _{64 ·18,333 1,060} 1967 6 主 3 ， 800 382 ， 0 至 1 1,442 58

'),

雪 1 ， 824 ,1,136 1963'-毛7

I

A~~叫e 4叫00

2 吉 7 ， 752 973 60 59 37 ，可 31 823 AT 100 INDICES 3 ALL TABLE EXPORTS, 19亨 1-1967. BA;\;ANA TAIWAN'S

Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Provincial Go'"ernment of Tiiiw 帥，主主L立全n Ag-ricultura 1

Year坐注: 19旦 (Taipei: Taiwan Government Press, 19681. 一一一一

( 122)

ations on the importation of bananas from· Taiwan. Exports in-crease<il from about 26 ，雪 02 metric tons in 1951 to about 53

,

000 tons in 1963; but the yearly average during this period was about 38

,

800 tons (Table 3). This slow growth of the export trade was chiefly due to the restrictions on banana imports imposed by the Japanese government.

In the seventeen years

,

1947 through 1963

,

the average annual

。

harvested area

,

however

,

was about 14

,

000- hectares and the average production was 106

,

750 metric tons per year.· When Japanese import restrictions were lifteg. in Apr址， 1963, and a free import policy was implemented

,

the banana irtdustry increased greatly. This PI

.

oduction increase was accomplished both by ex-pansion of the planted· area and by increa·sed intensity of cultivation‘

and increase in per hect~eyield. Encouraged by favorablepric~s ，

banana farmers in Taiwan expanded their plantings drastically in many southern and central growing areas.

From 1950 to 1963

,

the change in acreage 缸ld production of ban·anas has been negligible especially after c。一id?ring losses from disease and typhoons. For example

,

the harvested area of 1960 amounted to 12

,709 hectares; and the production was

114

,

216 metric tons. Banana.farmers expanded their field s from 14

,

718 hectares in 1963 to 18

,

086 hectares in 1964 with total production in 1963 to 18

,

086 hectares in 1964 with total production in ‘ 1964

剖nountingto 2,67

,

898 metric tons--d.oubling the amount of produc-tion in 1963 (Table 2). In 1965

,

the area harvested increased by about 46 percent; but total production jumped by nearly 72 percent!

Acreage 缸ld production totals increased rapidly in 1966 and 1967

,

but percentage increases hav~ declined. In 1966

,

36

,

512 hectares of bananas were harvested and 44

,

107 in 1967. The harvest in 七

1966 reached 537

,

721 metric tons; 缸ld in 1967

,

it equalled 653

,

800 tons (Tabl~ 2). The exported quantity of bananas climbed to 190,224 metric tons in 1964--3.6 times the amount exported during the pre-vious year. Three years later

,

exports had risen to 382

,

051 metric tons

,

double the amount exported in 1964 (Table 3).

requirements of local co~sumption.

With Japanese、 occupation in .1895

,

the first sales beyond the

of local market area were encouraged; and in the first ten‘years

annual planted area of bananas for market averaged about 500 he

c:

tares with an average yearly harve·sted qu~tityof less than 5

,

000 metric tons. In、 1902 ， a few thousand kilograms of bananas

the twentieth .century

,

the first records of the

，師大學報 Japanese to shipped were 第二十期

This first appearance was fruit won a good reputation markets as a tentative selling venture.

缸Id the fine quality of the successful

,

dem 缸Id gb n .、 A S a e r c ‘m T hi s created. an among Japanese consumers.

for ban~as from Taiwan in Japan and

,

in turn

,

encouraged the

ex-It increased expor.t.

for Taiw缸1 pansion of banana production in

further and

1912

,

In

from about 500.metric tons in 1903 to 6

,

376

191.0 During the thirty-year span

,

rose to 157

,

602 tons by 1937.

percent of total banana production. The peak

,

both' for production in Taiwan and for exports to Japan

,

was reached in 1937

,

when total production was 218

,

589 metric tons

,

·of which 157

,

"602 metric tons

This.remained unsurpas;sed until 1964(Table 2). sharp decline in both production 副d、 ~xports oqcuxred

latter‘ stages of World War II and th~'~~arlypost-war period because

of da{l1ages suffered by producers and

In 1945

,

when Taiwan was returned to

70 over accounted for

缸lllual exports of'bananas

through 1940

,

A during the were exported. and Taiwan ln exporters 自叫 .• 加 VA& 冒UW .、 .• -n 司 A

cm

a consumers ill Japan.

5

,

687 ‘:hectares; total production was only 32

,

153 metric tons

,

of which

only was the harvested area of bananas

120 only

rather merely fifteen percent of the

China mainland

These'Were sent to

tons were exported.

1945 production was than to Japan.

production in the peak year 1937.

the government encouraged farmers to resume their banana cultivation. Exports to Japan resumed in 1950 after post-war restrictions were

market

缸Id 1946

,

a.ftex

.

gradually Banana production recovered

...

J 、

Taiwan' s strict limit-for

But from 1952 to 1962

,

Japan again imposed maln

Japl:!Jl again became the

自Id

bananas. lifted

,

台灣香蕪產量之擴展與產區之變遷

( 124)

'")

‘一 TABLE

AREA, PRODUCTION, AND YIELD PER HECT AR HARVESTED TAIWA!\, 1910-1967 BAi\A?\AS IN OF HECTARE

.

1950. 3 YIELD PER

HARVESTED AREA PRODUCTIOi\ HECTARE YEAR HECTA,RES INDEX M.T. ISDEX KG INDEX

1910 697 5 6,517 6 9,598 120 1920 3,926 27 36,299 31 9,228 115 1930 11,851 81 130,068 111 10,975 137 1937 21,272 145 218,589 186 10,276 129 1940 18,639 127 169,265 144 9,081 114 1942 20,323 138 196,440 167 9,666 121 1945 5,687 39 32,153 27 雪， 654 71 1947 _15。,445 105 124,357 106 8,052 101 1950 14':679 100 117,278 100 7,990 100 1952 15,689 107 106,856 91 6,811 85 1955 10,672 73 84,677 72 7,934' 99 1960 12,709 87 114,216 97 8,987 112 1963 14,718 100 132,489 113 9,002 113 1964 18,086 123 267,898 228 14,813 185 1965. 27,443 187 460,094 392 16,765 210 1966 36,512 249 527,721 450 14,453 181 1967 44,107 300 653,800 1 _{557 14"} ~6 ₁₈₅ 1963-1967 28,173 193 408,400 348 13,956 175 Ave

t-

age at 100 ALL INDICES 五

Chinese-American Joint Commission on Rural Recon-struction, Taiwan A j;\"riculturalSt成 istics ， 1901-1964 (Taipei: T互iwan GovernmentPr~有話};D可artment of Agriculture 缸ld Forestry, Provincial Government of Taiw帥， T_aiw哩 Agricultural Yearbook: 1967 (Taipei: Taiw吉它overnment Press:可克訂于 一一一

(HN 間) 1 TABLE TAIWAN

,

1956-1966 IN PRODUCTS AGRICULTUJ<AL OF EXCHANGE FOREIGN US $ v 。

J、一，、-YEAR SUGAR RICE BANANAS PINEAPPLE ·MUSHROOMS TEA OTIIEHS TυTAL

,1956 76,060 12,836 3,146 6.019

_--

雪， 107 日， 7 -1可 _112,8,17 19 雪 7 110,784 21,239 3,827 4,352 雪， 762 _7,92

,

1)},891 )958 84,689 28,621 6,245 7,454 6,769 6,076 1\9 ， 8 世弓 1959 65,929 23,506 6 ，雪 99 8,349: 3 7,070 12,091 1 丘， I ，告-1 7 1960 74,401 4,320 6 ， 8 雪 1 8,473 1 事。 6,'3'17 14,328 114,870 1961 61 ， 09 雪 10,080 10,670 12,104 1,798 8,889 '18,783 124,1 3'1 1962 49,536 7,380 8,034 10,869 8 ，事 08 7 ， 8 屆9 27 ， 64 可 11 抖，民61 1963 10 言， 983 23,355 8 ， 6 雪 3 11,589 16~218 8',103 11,435 20 雪;J36 1964 13弓， 403 18,032 33,344 13,907 1 雪， 823 8 ，丹 24 16 ，之"I 之61 ， 207 1965 67,9;'0 42 ， 95 雪 55,269 19,379 20,803 9,719 雪-1， 816 之 69 ， 897 1966 43,613 32_Ji966 47,136 16 ， 3 雪 1 24,149 9,-130 60,132 236,777 TOTAL 875,449 225,290 139,774 118,936 87 ， 4 可 4 83 ， 4 雪 3 311 ， 8 雪 1 1 ， 862 ，之 17

%

47.10 12.10 7. 雪 1 6.39 4.70 4.48 17 .87 100 THOUSAND UNIT: Bank of Taiwan

,

1967).

必旦旦Lofthe Bank of Z型旦控jTaipei: Bank of Taiwan

,

( 126)

Hence bananas have emerged as the leading item in exported a:r; gi-cultural'products since 1966. Moreover

,

unlike sugar

,..

pineapples

,

缸1d mushrooms

,

.bananas do not need any further processing 缸1d

can be shipped directly.aft~r being pa，~ked ，therefore

,

saving manual labor, unnecessary

equipment，叫 C叩i叫 for

processing

invest- 喜

ment. Bananas can th叫ore be 、 called the most pr。“心 api-Z

cultural groduc~ for export. 產

For centuries

,

ba叫aprοd叫on

has been

wi的 dispersed

E

for local consumption; but'production for markets beyond the local 擴

缸ea has 叫ition絢 been c…恥a叫 in

a highly specialized

=

regioI;!-. in west-central Taiwan for a variety of physical and 產 espeCially cult~alreasons. Pro'ductionhas fluctuated w~dely(

Z

T油Ie 2)0v.er 他 years si，nc~ records were first k叫于 1 叫 but 望

starting i~ 1963， an，山1I，>r$cedentedexparrsion in banana.pl:.oduction occurred because

,

among other reasons·, Japan ended her tariff 011 imported bananas arid the Taiwan.可governmentencouraged their

pro-duction 缸ld export throughout' the island by providing technical

as-sistance and information. Why banana production

,

t

r;

aditionally centered in west-central Taiwan

,

shifted dramatically to the south-:-western region of Taiwan remains an unsolved problem.

I.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF BANANA PRODUCTION

Bananas have been grown on Taiwan farms for a long time. No records exist· showing the 'number of Chinese who moved to the island before 1895

,

but it is known th~t a great wave of farmers left the p

;r

ovinc'es of Fukien and Kwangtung in southeastern China about three hundred years ago. and came to Taiwan bringing with 一

them many varieties of bananas grown in their home areas.. B 副1剖1a production was carried throughout the island to both the plains and hilly areas; but again

,

records of production prior to the present Gentury,do not exist. What is known is that a,center of banana cul-ture developed in the hilly areas and nearby plains of we~t:-central

So dense is the square' mile (1

,

602 pe

:r

sons per square kilometer).

population and so limited is the arable land that the average farmer the

self-1S

main factor limiting the mechaniz.ation of agriculture.

Taiw剖l'S farmers have

,

nevertheless

,

been able to gain

sufficiency in basic foodstuffs and been able to export a surplus of slze

This small farm cultivates only 0.5 hectare of land.

師大學報

The 'most important export items are rice

,

b副lanas ， pineapples

,

bamboo shoots

,

asparagus

,

These earn the foreign exchange used to buy machinery for deve-Thus

,

the economic ;situation depends heavily ypon the success of Taiwan

也 fa:rmers.

1

foreign sugar

,

tea

,

mushrooms. earnmg and for source agricultural products which is a main

exchange.

第二十期

loping industry.

It is n~cessaryfor the'Taiwan' s f

a;r

mers to select those pl~ts

which can produce

a.

high value per )IDit area as the major crops in order t9 make more px叫it on the world market. The banω得i.~ at present the highest-valued economic plant cult,ivated in Taiwan~ The annual return from bananas can reach as high asUS恥， 500 per hectare. If we set a value index for bananas at 100

P

Elr

'per year

,

then the indices of rice

,

pineapples

,

sugar cane

,

aspara-gus

,

bamboo shoots

,

and 15.

hec三個re

29

,

and tea are respectively

,

40

,

27

,

2 雪， 48

,

of' that Consider all exportable agricultural products from' 1956 sugar earned US$875

,

499tOOO

,

or 47. 惕 of the total; rice

was second with US$225

,

290

,

000

,

or 12.1 傌; ba且 anas followedwith US$139

,

774

,

000

,

or 7.5恬 (Table 1). However

,

because of the for are less than one-half

indices All of these

bananas. to 1966:

fluctuations in international sugar prices in recent years

,

the

im- de-portance of sugar has dropped abrup~ly﹒ At the sam~ time

,

because

rice exported

Wi

s been of pqpulation growth

,

themount of

creaslng. This tendency will grow sharper in the years to come.

1E

.

O. Hsia

,

!:.旦旦主豆豆 Conditions 土耳且~

(Taipei:

仁hinese-AmericmJointCommission on Rural Reconstruction

,

1957 ), pp. 2-16;Dep

a.r

tment of A.griculture and Forestry, Provincial Government of Taiwan

,

Agriculture in TUwan:1971afTaipei:Taiwan Government PI、ess ， 1972).

( 128)

THE'EXPANSION AND CHANGING LOCATION

OF BANANA \PRODUCTION IN TAIWAN

台灣香蕉產量之擴展與塵區之變遷

Chung Ru

H。 賀忠儒

'I

NTRODUCTION

Located off the east coast of A，sia 缸ld bisected by the、 Tropic of Cancer

,

the island of Taiwan enjoysan oceanic

,

subtropical mon-soon climate. Its cultivated land is only about 905

,

000 hectares out

oJ'a total land area of 站， 981 square kilometers (approximately 13

,

884 square miles). Lacking rich mineral reso~rces， agriculture has tr守.ditionallybeen the backbone of Taiwan' s economy. In 1950

,

more than half of the eight million people in Taiwan were engaged in

agricultUfe; 缸ld agricultural 'products accounted for more than 85 percent of the value of its exports." By 1971

,

just over 40 percent of it♀ fifteenmillion people continued to be engaged in agriculture; and agricultural products accounted for 58 percent of the total foreign exchange earned in 1966.

Abundant rainfall

,

high temperature§

,

and a long growing season

缸 e very favorable for agriculture; but Taiwan' s landJorms and often' poor soil limit production. Arable lands are limited mainly to the western coastal plain 缸ld hill lands. Mountains occupy nearly 64 percent"of Taiwan' s total area. Combined with a dense popula-tion and

,

an average annual ratA of population growth of 2.2 percent

u

‘1971

,

this means an extreme pressure on available arable ,land.

Average population density is now approximately 1

,

075 persons per square mile (415 per 叫uare kilometer). In terms of cultivated land

,

Taiwan"' s population density is approximately 4

,

356 per﹒的ns per *This paper was presented at International Geographical Union Regional Conference held in Palmerston North

,

New Zealand on December 5

,

1"974.