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The Use of Glycine tomentella Hayata on the Islet of Kinmen (Quemoy)

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The Use of Glycine tomentella Hayata on the Islet of Kinmen (Quemoy)

Author(s): Theodore Hymowitz and Jaw Shu Hsieh

Source: Economic Botany, Vol. 56, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 287-289

Published by: Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press

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2002] NOTES 287

ical constituents and antifungal activities of essen- tial oil from Oplopanax elatus Naki. Yaoxue Xue- bao 22:549-552. (14) Aoki, T., and T Suga. 1977. Hexane soluble non-volatiles in flowering to fruit- ing stages of Fatfia japonica. Phytochemistry 16: 1515-1517. (15) Wattenberg, L. W. 1991. Inhibi- tion of azoxymethane-induced neoplasia of the large bowl by 3-hydroxy-3,7,1 1-trimethyl- 1,6,10- dodecatriene (nerolidol). Carcinogenesis (London) 12:151-152. (16) Laboratoires Meram. 1964 Fr. M4055 (Cl. A 61k, C07c), May 9 1966, AppI. Jan 20, 1964. (17) Budavari, S. (Ed.) 1989. The Merck index. 11th Edition. Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ.

-James D. Bloxton II, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of the Sciences in Phil- adelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; De- partment of Chemistry, Temple University, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania 19122 and Ara Der Mar- derosian, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, and Ron Gibbs, 539 Visna Way, Kodiak, Alaska 99615.

The use of Glycine tomentella Hayata on the

islet of Kinmen (Quemoy).-The genus Gly-

cine Willd. is economically important because of the cultigen C. max (L.) Merr., commonly

known as the soybean. The annual crop was do- mesticated in China (1). The leguminous seeds are an important source of protein feed, dietary oil, and soy food products.

Currently, the genus Glycine contains 18 wild perennial species and several undescribed taxa (2, 3, 4). The species are indigenous to Austra- lia-Papua New Guninea and grow under a wide range of climatic conditions. Two species, G. ta- bacina (Labill.) Benth and G. tomentella Hayata have polyploid cytotypes and are found in the western Pacific region, for example, Fiji, Japan, Marianas, New Caledonia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Tonga. In addition, both species have been reported in Fujian Province, P. R. China (5). The dissemination of the polyploid cytotypes of G. tabacina and G. tomentella is most likely due to migratory shore birds (6). In addition, extensive library research and examination of labels of wild perennial Glycine holdings at many her- baria failed to reveal any ethnobotanical use of the plants by indigenous people.

On September 8 and 9, 1997 we collected seed of G. tabacina and G. tomentella on the islet of Kinmen (Quemoy). Kinmen is a Taiwan-

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supplement (tablets made

frorn roots of Glycine tcrnenteii

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288 ECONOMIC BOTANY [VOL. 56

Fig. 2. Bundles of Glycine tomentella roots for sale in a Kinmen market.

held islet just off the coast of China facing the port city of Xiamen, just 2.3 km away (7). To our surprise we found that on Kinmen, a private company (Wu-Chi Co.) was selling herbal tea bags and herbal tea capsules produced from the roots of locally grown G. tomentella (Fig. 1). The tea is being promoted for good health and carries the message, "Tea quenches your thirst and refreshes your mind." According to the managing director (Shu-Ching Yang) the com- pany was started in 1995 and the use of G. to- mentella roots is a traditional product on Kin- men. However, there is no literature available concerning its history or use on Kinmen. In the local market, we found G. tomentella roots be- ing sold for home use in bundles of 250 g (Fig. 2). We suspect that some of these roots might be imported from Xiamen and are not produced on Kinmen.

According to the information officer of the In- stitute of Agriculture, Kinmen, the institute mul- tiplies the seed for the farmers. The seed is planted in sandy soil in May and harvested 16 months later by deep plowing (Fig. 3.). The seeding rate recommended by the institute is 5 kg per ha. An examination of several irrigated

i.

(4)

2002] NOTES 289

fields revealed that the rows were about 50 cm

apart, uprooted plants lacked nodules on their

roots, and the fields were severely infested with

soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow. Currently 10-12 ha of Glycine tomentella is

grown under contract on Kinmen and the con-

tract price of freshly harvested roots is about US

$35.00 per kg. At present, the company sells its

product to the local community, tourists, and in

Taiwan. Additional products made from G. to-

mentella roots are being tested.

Literature Cited. (1) Ho, P-T 1969. The loess and the origin of Chinese agriculture. American History Review 75:1-36. (2) Hymowitz, T, R. J. Singh, and K. P Kollipara. 1998. The genome of the genus Glycine. Plant Breeding Reviews 16:289-317. (3) Brown, A. D. H., and C. L. Brubaker. 2000. Aus- tralian Journal of Botany 48:297-303. (4) Doyles, J. J., J. L. Dolye, A. H. D. Brown, and B. E. Pfeil.

2000. Confirmation of shared and divergent ge- nomes in the Glycine tabacina polyploid complex (Leguminosae) using histone H3-D sequences. Sys- tematic Botany 25:437-448. (5) Hermann, F J. 1962. A revision of the genus Glycine and its im- mediate allies. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1268. (6) Hymowitz, T, R. J. Singh, and R. P Larkin. 1990. Long distance dis- persal: the case for the allopolyploid Glycine ta- bacina (Labill.) Benth. And G. tomentella Hayata in the west central Pacific. Micronesica 23:5-13. (7) Hymowitz, T 1998. Plant exploration trip to Taiwan and the Islet of Kinmen (Quemoy). Soy- bean Genetics Newsletter 25:127.

-Theodore Hymowitz, Department of Crop Sci- ences, University of Illinois, 1102 South Good- win Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA, and Jaw Shu Hsieh, Department of Agronomy, National Tai- wan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

數據

Fig.  1.  Nutritional  supplement  tablets  made  from  the  roots  of  Glycine  tomentella
Fig.  2.  Bundles  of  Glycine  tomentella  roots  for  sale  in  a  Kinmen  market.

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