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獨立紀錄片工作者之隱性知識研究

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42 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α

᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸడ̳≛ʠわඖᵧ⨯ᶇἄ

ǖǖ˫⢌ᦸᙟỄᣅ͛

The Study of Tacit Knowledge

in Independent Documentary Film Production

೺ڏᬑ

ʊᅘञણ⫏⤻ЗႩણ₇(໽)ᷟं

Cher-Wei Chang

Master student, Department of Information and Communications, Shih Hsin University

E-mail: weiabroad@gmail.com

〺ᆙᚷ

ʊᅘञણ⫏⤻ЗႩણ₇(໽)Ԟᄞ࿙

Ming-Shu Yuan

Associate Professor, Department of Information and Communications, Shih Hsin University

E-mail: juanems@cc.shu.edu.tw

〦⼫⥱ņKeywordsŇŘ

₊⻞ᦸņDocumentaryŇ

ř᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸడ̳≛ņIndependent Documentary

Film-producer

Ň

řわඖᵧ⨯ņTacit KnowledgeŇ

ř⢌ᦸᙟỄņFilm ProductionŇ

ȹၪ⣬Ⱥ

⿀ᅠߡҙ₊⻞ᦸㅽࡍᱹଭໞኞ⩴ᷟŊִᓜ⇃

ሷ〦わඖᵧ⨯᱿ᶇἄŊ᮫ᅠわඖᵧ⨯ңሷザ˫

⤵ЗȮ⢒グଶᓝᾀ᧚⫨Ŋ₊⻞ᦸడ̳≛ぜʴ༬

⠛ᵧ⨯Ȯԡา᱿ଭ᫠Ŋະ⥿ⴒሷⰱᣅわඖ᱿ⵒ

˷Ŋᄑ቏ᶇἄᲿ᱿߱࿯⤽᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸ⢌̳ᙟỄ

ʠわඖᵧ⨯Ớㆩ⎞᧚ඖדҢわඖᵧ⨯᪀ח᱿

ᅞೣȯ቏ᶇἄⲿ⳧ᄽ᪇Ӡኔᔖₗȵ₪ቨȶȮȵ⤐

㔄ȶȮȵཞჶȶȮȵԙⱓȶȮȵҢ˟ȶ᱿῅ᯗŊ

˫֚⃌ᐉᛖಙ⥏⦹⥏ۊҞ̤૾Ꮘ᱿᩸Ἴ₊⻞

ᦸడ̳≛ȯℶᷪͩᤫ IFņ෼ࣀŇȮTHENņ⤟

ᗉᅞೣŇד BECAUSEņ᫧᮫Ň᱿ᅞೣŊ૽ט

⥏≛᱿⧄ⲩʵ˫⃌ᐉջŊഺʑᔖₗҢわඖᵧ⨯

Ớㆩ⎞᧚ඖŊ⃌ኞר̳ᣅሷาⳖҘ᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸ

ㅽࡍ≛Ȯᵧ⨯ḽሳȮᵧ⨯ᾷ᫧ᾀ᳈〦ᶇἄʠະ

ᮢא≙ȯ቏ᶇἄ⃌⧄ॖʁŘ(1)᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸడ̳

≛᱿⢌̳ᙟỄഺԊ⢌ŋཞჶŋര⢌⎏ᱹ⠗߈

ΤべᕀŊᔎ㊾⿵ʃᅜו⣰Ⳗ⠗ř(2)᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸ

డ̳≛ⲿ⳧ㆴඖᵧ⨯᱿ؚᄇȮҙջȮଭ᫠ᅠ⢌

̳ᙟỄʀŊሱ⃃રໞ₊⻞ᦸŊ₊⻞ᦸവ˫ا᫠

ӛΤː᩸᧚᱿わඖᵧ⨯ř(3)ᄽ᪇ᔖₗ₪ቨȮ⤐

㔄 Ȯ ཞ ჶ Ȯ ԙ ⱓ ُ Ң ˟ ᱿ ῅ ᯗ Ŋ ະ ᮢ

IF-THEN-BECAUSE

᱿ℶᷪᅞೣŊሷᲩᅠ૽Τ

ː᱿ᄝⲩԽ˫⃌ᐉջŊ቏ᶇἄሱരᔖₗӛ᩸Ἴ

₊⻞ᦸ⢌̳ᙟỄ᱿ 17 Ớわඖᵧ⨯ㆩࠣř(4)ⲿ

⳧わඖᵧ⨯᱿ㆩࠣŊവ˫Қㄇඖ᱿࿜ဝ⢌̳ᙟ

Ễʑר⋱ᱹᮝ᱿෼ࣀŊሷՀᅠΤːᱹଭʃ׺ㆩ

ࠣ᱿わඖᵧ⨯ř(5)ᶇἄᔖₗわඖᵧ⨯᱿᪀חᅞ

(2)

ೣŊծؐʻՒણ∳ȮϝʑણȮञ⸇࿲⤯ഛЭሬ

‣⫏᜺˫ד૾Ꮘᵧ⨯⋍ᇓŊわඖᵧ⨯᱿᪀חᅞ

ೣ ᲀ ᣅ ഐ ࢞ Τ ː ԡ ̳ ഐ ೣ ⎞ ㆺ ጁ ᱿ ⸅ ⣬ ߌ

₪ȯᶇἄ⃌ኞרͧଃ₊⻞ᦸሷ⎟⬶≛ר˫ሷᄓ

࿜ဝʏⲐⳌⳖҘ₊⻞ᦸ᱿ㅽࡍř߱ᵧ⨯᱿⓸ח

ᶇἄ໽೘ᐉʠᵧ⨯Ớㆩ⎞᧚ඖŊרͧᵧ⨯ḽሳ

ד ᵧ ⨯ ᾷ ᫧ ᳈ 〦 ㅽ ࡍ א ≙ ř ᶇ ἄ ૪ ⨢

IF-THEN-BECAUSE

᱿わඖᵧ⨯ℶᷪᅞೣŊᱹ

᫠Ң⃌ᐉඖ᱿ا᫠ሷՀᅠわඖᵧ⨯᱿ⲅ⨯ȯ

μ

Abstractν

Taiwan’s production of documentary is

well-developed. But, the related research is

not as sufficient. The insufficient research of

the tacit knowledge in documentary

film-producing due to the reason that tacit

knowledge in the field is complicated, and

besides the un-categorized layers and difficult

to communicate orally as well. In addition to

related techniques, knowledge and

creativeness, it is believed that there are

unrevealed the tacit knowledge behind. This

study aims to probe the types and

characteristics of the tacit knowledge in

independent documentary film-producing, so

as the methods of acquiring the tacit

knowledge of the profession. Via literature

analysis, five major categories: “material”,

“viewpoint”, “production”, “post-production”,

and “miscellaneous” were utilized to develop a

semi-structured in-depth interview with six

selected professional and semi-professional

independent documentary film-producers.

Researchers conduct the coding style of

“IF-THEN-BECAUSE” model to structure types

and characteristics of the tacit knowledge of the

interview contents accordingly. Findings of the

study are: 1)The four major steps in the routine

cycle of documentary film-producing process;

2)Through explicating, internalizing, and

presenting of the knowledge film-producing,

film-producers enable to reveal his personal

tacit knowledge; 3)By utilizing five categories

from the literature analysis and the application

of the coding “IF-THEN-BECAUSE” style, 17

tacit knowledge types were summarized;

4)With the summarized outcome of 17 tacit

knowledge types, concerned parties will be

able to deal with different situation in

film-producing and develop individual tacit

knowledge accordingly; 5)The acquisition

methods of the tacit knowledge including

learning by interacting with related parties,

learning by practicing, learning by contacting

with films, books, and the professional

knowledge. Methods of acquiring the tacit

knowledge are a vital factor to cultivate an

individual’s forms of creativeness and style.

The result of this study will be helpful to

people who are interested in documentary

film-producing by understanding the field and

taking control of the commencing process.

This study built the knowledge types and

characteristics of documentary film-producing,

could used as a reference to the profession.

The coding style of “IF-THEN-BECAUSE” is

an effective method to verify the identity of the

tacit knowledge. The outcome is valuable for

audiences who are interested in the

independent documentary and can use it as a

helpful reference for further researches in the

knowledge sociology and management.

Ԋ⤵

ѯᢋႬኈҀൠޠ໡ܺȂ౱ཿҢԇޫ໣᎐ڨѵٿႬ ኈޠፑᔟᇅᔇᕼȂӶԂກ༷ޠᛂτᔇΩίȂ୾бҀ ൠϛᘟ۾៊մଝޠෂ੊Ȃ೩ӼႬኈτኆԄϜኈȃᏱ ޲ȃᓹಉࣲ๊ϑసя୾бޠႬኈҀൠȄȶखᓄбȷࠔ ऐખࢌԥӠຬȂ৥౫я߬ಂޠԚᕽȂԚ࣐ႬኈҀൠ ϜޠུᒶᐆȞᆹЉಉȂ2006ȟȂ೩Ӽ഻ձ޲Ϭ൷ؒԚ ҴϏձࡊȃѫೣᇨձᇅึ՘ყ໦ܗӊᒧज୧๊Рԓ

(3)

44 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α Мእ୾бҀൠȂՍ՘᝱ၦܰឹȃ՘᎜ࡈ༉ȃᇨб๊ ࢻโȂ༉ಜޠึбࢻโϑดϛᎍңܼ୾бҀൠȄ଼ ՚ԈȞ1990ȟණяᇄᢋႬኈ਴ஆޠಝ਴ᔗпᑀҴᇨ ձȃঐ΢഻ձޠᗎ༗࣐лȇՅҦܼᇨбޠ஠ཿȃϊ ಁٗӪȃߕӬਣίԒሇ΢ޠᢏད๊੬፵Ȃ࢛ٳᑀҴ ᇨбܛ౱яޠႬኈȂӶಊܙαЇՅԥ࡟ԂޠԚᕽȞՕ ᅮȂ2007ȟȄҖ୾ 93 Ԓ֕Λ৬ޠȶҢڽȷȂ௥ଇΟΡ Κدࡤ΢উԄե८ᄈࡤ៊ޠҢࣁȂ೼ኻޠឋᚡኅڨ τ ಁ М ࡼ Ȃ ٯ ᕖ ூ ୾ б Ԓ ࡚ ಊ ܙ ࠆ ॗ Ȟ ུ ѯ ᄍ 10,411,950ϰȟȞеࣃᄕȂ2003ȟȇᆨ௦຀Җ୾ 94 Ԓ ޠȶณԾ዆ȷᇅȶᙛᅍ֒ȊعࡇȷȃҖ୾ 95 Ԓޠȶۊ ᙻޠৈЉȷȃȶᚃҢȷІȶჳདྷณ४ȷ๊Ȃखᓄб᠂ ดԚ࣐ଲጤႬኈޠѫΚᆎᒶᐆȄଷΠӶଲጤႬኈޠ ߓ౫ϟѵȂпϵຝܛᇨክϟႬຝखᓄбȶखᓄᢏᘉȷ ࣐پȂΚقӗޠҐρखᓄбձ࣐ளᄙ࿾ҭክܺޠϲ ৡȂԚ࣐ᑀҴखᓄбΚঐ२्ޠึᖑᆔၿȞᜎЉȃ ݔࡧዔȂ2007ȟȄखᓄбޠಊܙԚ࣐୾бಊܙޠѯ ࢙ȂൟᆏѯᢋႬኈඉหޠҢΩॗȂӶѯᢋႬኈᐤѭ ቹίᎄྶଅᓄȄ ѯᢋ 70 ԒхпࠊޠखᓄбȂӼп࢈ۻᐡᜱܛᇨձ ޠࡈᏳȃུᆹ᜹खᓄб࣐лȂᚡ؆඾ႈુЎᜱᛅܗ ҖಁឋᚡޠᢏᘉȞ؄ၿ݃Ȃ2000ȇеኒཐȂ2006ȟȂ ӶಁӼኈ჌Ϗձ޲ȃᏱ޲ևΩϟίȂ՚ϰ 1989 Ԓп ࡤޠखᓄбϲৡၷϟࠊ؂ᡘᙵ൳ȂԄӓෂᏱࣃם༮ яޠखᓄбڑጓȃҖఋᇭኈ჌ޠநକȃѯࠓ᛻τॲ ჌खᓄܛԚҴȃክܺᆔၿޠӼϰ๊२्٩โ࿭Ȃᡲ खᓄбூпӶѯᢋࡼ៊йӼϰޠึ৥Ȟ؄ݩࢷȂ 2002ȟȄՅҖ୾ 95 ԒѯіҀखᓄб௄ཿ΢সᙜཿϏ ཽޠԚҴȂखᓄб౱ཿޠᎉᄑഃᅛԚםȂᔯຝѯᢋ ҭࠊޠึ৥Ȃпᇨձखᓄб࣐ᙜཿޠኈ჌Ϗձ޲Ȟђ ΤᙜཿϏཽޠཽসȟϑԥΚԼӼ՞ȂؑԒखᓄбޠ ౱໕ङԥڎԼഌϟӼȞఘҞ߀Ȃ2007ȟȄԥᜱ౫ϭѯ ᢋखᓄбҀൠᑀҴखᓄбޠҢ౱Ȃє֥пίංᆎ௒ ݸȈȞΚȟӊᒧ࢈ۻህᏳߝҢԇ޲ȇȞΡȟؾ΢ޠख ᓄбϵѨȞєࢃӓෂȃυຝࣩȃᒊЭᙬ࢏჌ᡞ๊ȟȇ ȞήȟႬຝѯ၅ֆ๊ήᆎ௒םȞеࣃᄕȂ2003ȟȄӶ ϛӤޠ୾௒ȃ࢈ۻޠښ࡚ίȂᑀҴखᓄбޠ౱ҢҼ ԥڐᑀ੬ϟ೏ȂZhangȞ2004ȟпϜ୾ޠᑀҴखᓄб ࣐پȂᑀҴखᓄбΞ࢑Ҧܰб޲Ң౱Ϝ୾ኈ჌ᡞښ ೤തϟѵޠኈбȂґစԥᜱ࿌׌ᇰӤȂစҦߩۣР ޠᆔၿ஡ձࠣ༉ଛژ୾ѵໍ՘৥៕Ȅშ 1 ࣐ҭࠊѯ ᢋᑀҴखᓄбҢ౱ޒݸȈ შ 1! ѯᢋᑀҴखᓄбҢ౱௒ݸ खᓄбϟЯ John Grierson ᇰۢखᓄбޠϲోሰє ֥ȈȞΚȟп઎ᄃҢࣁޠኈ჌ᇅᖑॲձ࣐ଅᓄޠષ ؆ȇȞΡȟ҇໹֖౫ঐ΢ᢏᘉȂٯၜមܰឹίٿޠ઎ ᄃҢࣁȇȞήȟखᓄб҇໹ڏԥ᛻೛ܓȃजདпІ഻ ཏȞ؄ၿ݃Ȃ2000ȟȄҦܼષ؆ȃᢏᘉІܰឹޠ֖౫ ᜱᖓژखᓄбޠϲోȂܛпӶखᓄбޠ౱ᇨႇโȂ ѯᢋᑀҴखᓄбޠҢ౱௒ݸ ࢈ۻህᏳߝ ؾ΢खᓄбϵѨ Ⴌຝѯ၅ֆ л्ၦߝٿྜ ୾ϲႬኈτኆ సяႬኈҀൠ ኈ৥ ᆪၰ ϊಁҀൠԚ࣐л्֖౫ᆔၿ ഻ձ޲Ս՘᝱ၦܰឹȃ՘᎜ࡈ༉ȃᇨб๊ࢻโ ڨ୾௒ȃ࢈ۻښ࡚ȃҀൠᇅึ՘ᆔၿኈ៫ ߩ ۣ Р ᆔ ၿ ኈ ჌ Ϗ ձ ޲

(4)

ܰឹ޲࢑Ԅեᒶ؆ȂጃҴᢏᘉІஉ՘ܰឹȂ֊Ᏻᅌ فഥԄեӶੇ౵ޠᇨձᕘძίȂᒶᐆȃၽң஠ཿޠ ׭೛ޤᜌᇅႇ܂စᡜತᑗޠᗵܓޤᜌȂٯᙥҦϨቅ Рԓ஡ڐߓख़ȃ֖౫ȃᔗңӶܰឹኈбޠႇโȂ൸ ࢑Ґःفདྷ्௥ଇϟୱᚡȄҐःفӍშᙥ຀ᗵܓޤ ᜌޠ๶ڦᇅϸ᜹Ȃ֖౫ঐ΢ӶखᓄбᇨձࢻโϜޠ ᗵܓޤᜌȂԥֆܼᗵܓޤᜌޠᒲᜌȇٯᕤ၍ᑀҴख ᓄбϏձ޲ᇨձखᓄбࢻโϟᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦРԓȂ ᚅఽڐᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦϟ੬፵ȂԚݏѠٽ࣐ࣻᜱःف ስ஀ޠ୥ՄȄ

ᄽ᪇࿯⤽

₊⻞ᦸ᱿าᚠ⎞⢌̳

₊⻞ᦸ᱿હ∑⎞ҙᚠ

ȶDocumentaireȷΚມକྜܼ՚ϰ 1879 Ԓݳ୾ᇮ ّᏱঢ়ጢ᝹ޠȶݳᇮ᜞ڑȷȂ឵םৡມȂཏࡿȶڏԥ Нᝧၦਠܓ፵ޠȷȇᐤѭᏱঢ়ໍΚؐՄᜍ၏ມཋȂึ ౫ڐܼ՚ϰ 1906 ԒۗᇅႬኈ౱ҢᜱᖓȂ՚ϰ 1914 ԒпࡤԚ࣐ӫມȂڐϲోᅌᡑ࣐ȶڏԥНᝧၦਠܓ ፵ޠȃпНᝧၦਠ࣐ஆᙄޠኈбȷȞ൑࿳٩Ȃ2001ȟȄ John Griersonᄈखᓄб୉яۢဏȈȶखᓄбΞ࢑ᄈ઎ ᄃޠ഻ആܓ೏౪ȷȞ෭ඐ॒Ȃ2002Ȃp57ȟȂٯᇴ݃ख ᓄбޠڎঐ੬፵ȈΚȃखᓄ઎ᄃҢࣁޠኈ჌ᇅᖑॲȇ Ρȃ҇໹֖౫ঐ΢ᢏᘉȂٯၜមܰឹίٿޠ઎ᄃҢ ࣁȞеኒཐȂ2003ȟȄWinstonȞ1995ȟࠍᇰ࣐Ȃȶ഻ ཏȷཏک຀ȶ᛻೛ȷȂՅȶ೏౪ȷхߓ຀ȶᔜቒ๗ᄻȷȄ BernardȞ2004ȟᇰ࣐खᓄб࢑ഇႇ֖౫౫ᄃޠ΢ȃ ٲȃޑࣻᜱϟ઎ᄃၦଊȂᙥҦ઎ᄃኈ჌ڸޑࠣٿඣ ᛳ೼ٳၦଊȂЖስᢏ፭޲ໍΤུޠзࣩᇅུޠᡞ ᡜȄԨᅵȞ1988ȟۢဏखᓄб࢑ᄈ࢛Κ࢈ݾȃစᔽȃ НϾȃॗٲҢࣁܗᐤѭٲӈձقಜȃ׈ᐍϟଅᓄܗ ൣᏳޠኈбȇՅؚࢻȞ2000ȟ؂ၐಡӵඣख़खᓄб ޠ੬፵Ȉп઎΢઎ٲ࣐ߓ౫ᄈຬȂϛ૗ຏᄻ௒࿾ȃ ᕘძȂѠпя౫၍ᇴܓ΢ޑկೞ၍ᇴڸߓ౫޲Κૢ ϛ૗ңᅌসߓᅌȄȶखᓄбȷ࢑Κᆎȶዂጚޠ྆܉ȷ Ȟfuzzy conceptȟȞNichols, 2001, p21ȟȂڐۢဏᇅᇨ ձРԓཽᓎ຀ਣхՅ׾ᡑȂดՅԥٳ঩ࠍᇅ༉ಜ࢑ ҇໹ߴ੽ίٿȂٯй۾៊ίџȇखᓄбӶܼ܇ᄃ֖ ౫઎ᄃަཽޠ΢ȃٲȃޑȂณ፤ڐఅٲܗजᏱޠК ݳȂሰпࡋᢏޠِ࡚ྦጃӵඣቹܛᢏᄇޠᄈຬȄկ ϛӤུܼᆹൣᏳޠ઎ᄃࡋᢏȂखᓄб҇໹ණٽ഻ആ ܓޠᢏᘉȇւңखᓄб೼ᆎᆔၿޠ੬ܓᇅᏅΩٿኈ ៫ܗఃึᢏಁȂϛ༊࡛ҴᢏಁޠᇰޤȂηӶܼ༉ႁ ੬ۢᢏᘉȂႁژखᓄбޠަཽܓҭޠȄ

₊⻞ᦸ᱿᳠૪⎞Ҫ᫠

ȶ઎ᄃӕ౫ȷ࢑ኈ჌഻ձϜȂΚᆎߓႁ઎ᄃ௒ם ޠРԓȂη࢑ණٽΚᆎᢏ፭ձࠣޠِ࡚Ȟ஼໰ݡȂ 2004ȟȇහኌᙡԼऌȞ۞ኋहȂณС෉ȟۢဏȶӕ౫ȷ ȞrepresentationȟΞ࢑᛻೛഻ձޠߓ౫КࢳϟΚȂ຀ २Їᔗᄈຬޠࡋᢏ੬ኊȄBob Connolly ᇰ࣐Ȃखᓄ бޠӕ౫઎ᄃϟजᏱȂሰ्ϛᘟစႇᄃᡜޠȂഇႇ ᢏᄇȃᒒٙᡞᡜȃึ౫ୱᚡȃᏒѠ૗௄өঐᢏᘉٿ ᔯຝᇅ౪၍ୱᚡȂໍՅ׳я഻ആΩޠٿྜȞеኒཐȂ 2003ȟȄҦԫѠޤȂଅᓄܓޠ઎ᄃᇅᔜቒԓຏᄻޠࣩ ጤഃᅛ੒࡝ȂखᓄбηѠп௵ڦቒ௒ԓޠКࢳȂᆓ ຝ഻ձ޲ՍٙޠᡞᡜпІᄻࡧึདྷȂໍՅႁژڐ֖ ౫ୱᚡȃᄃ౫഻ആΩޠۡԠȄՅखᓄбณ፤൸ϲৡȃ םԓܗᏳᅌՅّȂԥڐᙵ൳ٯঅூ౐فޠ੬፵ȇ೩ ӼःفखᓄбޠᏱ޲஠ঢ়Ҽଭᄈखᓄбޠ࢛ٳ੬ܓ ஡खᓄб୉я᜹࠯αޠୣႥȄखᓄбޠӕ౫л्ో ᇑίӗϳᆎዂԓȈ1.ၒཏዂԓȇ2.၍ᇴዂԓȇ3.ᢏᄇ ዂԓȇ4.୥ᇅዂԓȇ5.ЇٙՍࣹዂԓȇ6.ߓ౫ዂԓȇ ϸրڏԥϛӤޠཏဏ֖౫ȃٯၽңӶϛӤޠޒݸ ȞBarbash & Taylor, 1997; Nicole, 2001ȇᗻᘏ᝻Ȃ 2002ȇݔԢݎȂ2002ȇտվЊȂ2006ȟȄ

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खᓄбޠፁࠐึ৥ϟίȂϣߕ࿆ᇰ࣐खᓄбޠ഻ ձ҇໹ӲᘫژखᓄбҐٙޠҢ౱ႇโȂฑᘉሰ२ུ ᆺฑܼȶखᓄбޠҢ౱ႇโȷȞϣߕ࿆Ȃ2004Ȃp25ȟȇ п౫ϭѯᢋޠखᓄбึ৥ȂӼљ಴ᚕϛΠȶձ޲፤ȷ ޠᢏᘉяึȂη൸࢑ᇴႇܼ຀२खᓄб഻ձ޲ޠഌ ӌȂЇՅ܈౲खᓄбޠҢ౱ႇโȇپԄӶڐఁᏱޠ ጓᛠܗ࢑ኈ৥ޠଇ፤࿌ϜȂӼљ࢑Ҧձࠣȃձ޲ޠ ِ࡚ٿፚ፤Ȃ๞ϡԂձࠣჃᓿᇅජᖑȃࠔґ຀२ڐ ႇโ࢑Ԅե഻ആȄBarbash & TaylorȞ1997ȟȃRabiger Ȟ2004ȟІеኒཐȞ1998ȟ๊Ᏹ޲ཋᐍखᓄбᇨձ ࢻโȂҐःفпშ 2 అख़ԫࢻโȈ

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46 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α შ 2! खᓄбᇨձࢻโ

ၦਠٿྜȈ Ґःفᐍ౪Ս Barbash, I., & Taylor, L.Ȟ1997ȟ. Cross-cultural filmmaking: A handbook for making documentary and ethnographic films and videos. berkeley: University of California.; Rabiger, M. Ȟ2004ȟ. Directing the documentary. Boston: Focal.ȇеኒཐȞ1998ȟȄखᓄбޠࠊဋձཿȄӶе ኒཐጢ຀ȂНϾखᓄбःଇ༙໲Ȟ֥௳፟ᙐᓄȟȂ61-88ȄѯіҀȈ՘࢈ଲНϾ࡛೪ېসཽȄ

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खᓄбޠᇨձଷΠڏᡞޠᇨձࢻโѵȂᜱܼច֥ ӶखᓄбϏձ޲ҐٙޠณםӱષȂ឵ܼঐ΢ޠᢏ ᘉȃ഻ཏȃᇨձ྆܉ІᇨձစᡜȂپԄӕ౫ዂԓޠ ༮ആ๊ȂӶखᓄбԚ࠯ޠႇโࣲ׹ᅌ࡟२्ޠِ ՔȄചথȞ2002ȟᇰ࣐खᓄбޠᇨձሰє֥ϥঐ् ᘉȈȞΚȟᚡ؆ሰ्ԥϲోȃҮࣾᇅፑऐȃ֖౫ೞឹ ޲ޠ੬ᘉІᚡ؆ޠ੬ՔȇȞΡȟᇅೞឹ޲ޠ௦ដڸࣻ ೏ȇȞήȟ೥ፚޠ׭ѾȇȞѳȟࢉٲࢳဤޠ೏౪ȇȞϥȟ ୙ᒯޠ๗ᄻȄеኒཐȞ2003ȟණژΚঐ׈ᐍޠ᛻೛ ഻ձ҇໹စႇȶᢏᄇʖᡞᡜʖདྷ჌ʖᒶᐆʖಣӬʖ ߓ౫ȷޠႇโȇखᓄбϏձ޲ሰၱ಴஡खᓄбຝ࣐ ߓႁঐ΢лᢏϏڏޠࡧᆱȂ௄ϲৡᇅםԓϟ໣׳ژ ᆨஞޠ๗ӬȄᄈܼखᓄбϏձ޲ٿᇴȂԥӬᎍޠષ ؆Ȃࡼ៊ϛᘟӵЇࡧȂٯජඬӬᎍޠϏڏȂԥֆܼ ׈ԚΚഌᓻؿޠձࠣȄٸᐄಁӼᏱ޲ޠᢏᘉȂҐः فᘫાखᓄбᇨձޠϥঐጓᛠȈષ؆ȃᢏᘉȃܰឹȃ ୙ᒯᇅڐуȂԄߓ 1Ȅ ߓ 1! खᓄбᇨձޠጓᛠ ષ؆ ષ؆ޠഌӌєࢃ઎ᄃзࣩޠ΢ȃٲȃޑȂпІ഻ཏึདྷޠഌӌȂη൸࢑ኈб౱ҢޠஆᙄȄ ᢏᘉ खᓄбϏձ޲మᙥҦኈб֖౫࢛ٳᢏᘉȂپԄ״ցަཽޠِ࡚ȃܗ࢑ᄈ࢛ٳឋᚡޠᄙ࡚ᇅࣽ ݳ๊Ȅ ܰឹ ឵ܼखᓄбϏձ޲഻ആܓ೏౪ޠഌӌȂη൸࢑є֥Ӷܰឹጓᛠȃឹኈᜣᓟۼίޠ೏౪Ȅ ୙ᒯ Ӥኻ឵ܼखᓄбϏձ޲഻ആܓ೏౪ޠഌӌȂଭᄈኈбޠ୙ᒯԋ௷Ȅ ڐу ଷΠαख़्ષϟѵޠಡ࿾ȂپԄၦߝ።࡚ȃ΢ٲԋ௷ܗᇅೞឹ޲ࣻ೏๊ޠഌӌȄ ၦਠٿྜȈҐःفᐍ౪

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ᇨձ΢໹ᎭՍϐџ൷׳Ⴌኈึ՘ȃክ࢏๊ߟၰȂࣦՎ ഀၦߝഎ҇໹Ս՘᝱௪ȂѬ࣐ᡲՍϐޠձࠣ૗஋ϵܼ፞ зȞ஼អȃ஼ЎឡȂ2006ȟȇ؄࡛๽ۢဏᑀҴखᓄб࣐ ȶᇨձखᓄб޲Ӷٙӌαϛᗶ឵ܼᡞښϲޠႬຝѯܗ ኈຝ࿾ҭᇨձϵѨȂпؾ΢ϾޠၽձРԓȂпঐ΢Ͼޠ Ҵൠܰឹڸ୙ᒯኈຝձࠣȷȞ؄࡛๽Ȃ2006Ȃp18ȟȄ

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ԫഌӌӶܼᇴ݃खᓄбձࠣܛ֖౫яޠȶᑀҴᆡ ઢȷȂΞ࢑ᙥҦ഻ձ޲ݨΤܼखᓄбϜޠ౐ࠕ௒དȂ ߵٻᢏኈ޲౱ҢࡧՄᇅՍࣹȞࢳ࡛୾Ȃ2007ȟȄ HandymanȞ2003ȟᇰ࣐௄ 1960 Ԓх໡ۗȂᑀҴख ᓄб߰Κޣ׹ᅌ຀ߩлࢻȃᜟጣϾఋထޠึᖑᆔ ၿȂєࢃӤܓᠿȃυܓឋᚡ๊ȇᇄᢋᑀҴखᓄбޠ я౫Ȃτङ௄ 1980 ԒхϘ໡ۗȂକӱ࢑ȶϊ࠯Ⴌφ ϾឹᓄኈᐡȷޠୱзȂڐϜпȶᆧՔϊಣȷւңႬφ ឹኈᐡܰឹЇᄈឪұࡅ᎐ᚋᔇޠ౫ൠᄃݸȂٯᙾᓄ࣐ ᓄኈழτ໕ึଛȂӱՅखᓄбॷӒԚ࣐࢈ݾ౵ឋ΢ς ܗ৶༗ყᡞܛւңޠӵί൭ᡞȞ؄ၿ݃Ȃ2000ȟȄȶᑀ Ҵखᓄбȷ௄஠ཿޠឹኈᏣ؆ȃᙾᡑژ඾ІϾޠ኶՞ ឹኈᐡȂл्Ӷܼᡜᜍ઎ᄃखᓄбޠᙾᡑᇅཏဏ ȞBerry, 2006ȟȄᐤစߞႁΚзखȞ՚ϰ 1906 Վϭȟ ޠತᑗᇅึ৥Ȃଲጤखᓄбȃखᓄбዪ໷ȃखᓄбኈ ৥ޠя౫ȃखᓄбϜЗϟԚҴ๊ȂථұΠखᓄбޠඉ ᑺȂखᓄбѠᆏϟ࣐ΚߟȶᏱऌȷȞRich, 2006ȟȄ൸ ኅހޠȶखᓄбȷጓᛠՅّȂȶᑀҴखᓄбȷ࢑ӱᔗ ަཽᕘძᇅॴߺҖ௒ܛึ৥яޠΚᆎखᓄбڦӪȃй ࡼ៊ึ৥Ϝޠስ஀ȄBernardȞ2004ȟ஽።खᓄбϏ ձ޲҇໹ᗀفٲᄃȞfactȟȂՅߩϊᇴࢉٲȞfictionȟȂ ഇႇ഻ཏܓޠԋ௷Ȟcreative arrangementȟȂՅߩ഻ആ ຏᄻȞcreative inventionȟȇ೼η࢑खᓄбึ৥ߞεп ٿȂ઎ᄃޠ྆܉ϛᘟӵᓎਣхစҦᏱ޲ۢဏᇅ؂ུȂ Ԛ࣐ःفޠ२ᘉȄӶȶ઎ᄃȷޠࠊණϟίȂᑀҴख ᓄбϏձ޲ᔗԄեತᑗࣻᜱឋᚡޠޤᜌȃစᡜȂ஡ ϟᙾඳ࣐ኈ჌ޠ֖౫ȂΞ࢑Ґःفܛమ௥ଇޠ२ᘉȄ

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48 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α

わඖᵧ⨯᱿ㆩࠣ⎞᪀ח

わඖᵧ⨯᱿હ∑

Ս Polanyi ණяᗵܓޤᜌޠᢏᘉՎϭȂϛӤᏱ೛ስ ஀ϟᏱ޲ᄈܼᗵܓޤᜌޠၜមᇅःفȂ۾իя೩Ӽ ϛӤޠ྆܉ІᔗңȂѠُᗵܓޤᜌःفޠ२्ܓȇ ดՅȂGourlayȞ2002ȟᇰ࣐Ȃ֊߰࢑ϛӤስ஀ȃϛ Ӥᢏᘉޠ፤ᜍȂϬᙠ૗׳яӔ೾ޠ੬ܓȄҐःفЖ ख़ϛӤᏱ޲ޠ፤ख़ȂࣩۢᗵܓޤᜌޠӔ೾ܓ፵Ȃᙥ пᚅఽᗵܓޤᜌޠۢဏᇅጓ൝Ȅ൸ኅހޠۢဏٿ ᇴȂᗵܓޤᜌޠۢဏѠпୣϸ࣐ኅဏІ੮ဏڎᆎȄ ኅဏཏࡿۧґϡпѵᡘϾޠޤᜌȂߤ຀ܼঐ΢ܗಣ ᙒ࿌ϜȂϛৡܿᇨձԚၐಡНӈޠޤᜌȇڐϛѵᡘ Ѡ૗࢑ӱ࣐᐀ԥޤᜌ޲ϛޤၿԄեϡп༉ሏܗѵᡘ ޠԚҐ࡟ାȃࣦՎ਴Ґϛ૗༉ሏȇՅ੮ဏ஠ࡿϛ૗ ಓጇϾޠޤᜌȂߤ຀ܼঐ΢ٙαȂϛ૗ᇨձԚၐಡ НӈޠޤᜌȞቔు߈Ȃ2005ȟȄ Polanyiηᇰ࣐Ȃܛԥޠޤᜌϛ࢑ᗵܓޤᜌ൸࢑਴ ෛܼᗵܓޤᜌȄᗵܓޤᜌ࢑஠឵ܼঐ΢ޠȃᜳп༉ ሏޠȂйෛஆܼ࢛ٳ੬ੇ௒ძᇅ૖๝ϟίޠঐᡞ՘ ࣐ȇӉեঐ΢ޠᄙ࡚ȃၦଊޠһࢻܗ޲࢑؛๋എཽ ᇅᗵܓޤᜌਁਁࣻᜱȞvon Krogh & Roos, 1995; Gourlay, 2002ȟȄ൸ᗵܓޤᜌޠҐ፵ՅّȂڐᄃ൸࢑ Κᆎȶ౪၍૗ΩȷȞunderstandingȟȂ࢑Κᆎስཽȃױ ඬٯ२ಣစᡜȂп෉ႁژ૗஋౪හӵ௢ښѻޠ૗ ΩȂЗ᡺αޠᓷཽ૗ΩӶ΢᜹ᇰᜌޠөᆎቺԪαഎ ڏԥлᏳܓᇅ؛ۢܓޠձңȞ।ਐ๽Ȃ2008ȟȄZander & Zanderᇴ݃Ӷ࢛ٳ௒ძۼίȂᗵܓޤᜌ࢑Ѡпߓ ႁޠȞHowells, 1996ȟȄՅ ErautȞ2000ȟᇰ࣐Ȃ΢ উѠ૗ංоഇႇഌӌᇰޤٿຠզ௒ძȂկ࢑ࠔ࡟Ў ඣᛳуউᄈ௒ძޠΠ၍Ȅ΢উᄈܼᗵܓޤᜌٯณݳ ׈ᐍජඬȃܗ޲ཏᜌژ၏ᆎޤᜌޠԇӶȂดՅӶ८ ᄈٲ௒ȃޒݸޠ೏౪ᄙ࡚ІРԓȂࠔཽٸඊ࢛ᆎР Ӫໍ՘Ȃณݳഇႇّᇮђпఅख़ȄGourlayȞ2002ȟ វ݃ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑ߩᇮّϾȃߩ኶ԆϾޠޤᜌםԓȂ ᜳпഇႇᇮّߓႁܗᙥҦНԆߓ౫яٿȇՅР๽ȃ ஼ు๽ȃࢪݾϧȃጿԈȃԨᝌৎȞ2004ȟηᇰ࣐ᗵ ܓޤᜌڏԥࢻ୞ܓޠ੬ኊȂᜳпңقಜޠȃጢጇޠ ᇮّఽ඿ߓႁȂѬѠཏཽՅϛѠّ༉ȂҦܼґጢጇȂ ӱՅᜳпዂҾȃᜳп༉ሏȄ CastilloȞ2002ȟᙥҦᗵܓޤᜌߝԆ༲ޠ֖౫Ȃఽ ྀӵᡘ౫яᗵܓޤᜌޠፓᚖᇅܫຬቺԪȇԄშ 3Ȃ ߝԆ༲ޠദᆓ࢑ഷ঩ۗޠᗵܓޤᜌȞtacit knowledge of tacit knowledge viewȟȃಒΡቺ࣐З౪Ᏹޠ౫ຬ Ȟpsychological phenomenon viewȟȃಒήቺ࢑ᄃ፻ܓ ޠහኌȞpractical intelligent viewȟȃಒѳቺ࣐ޣញޠ ᢏᘉȞinnateness viewȟȃಒϥቺ࢑ਰЗᇮဏޠᢏᘉ Ȟcore semantics viewȟȂഷۼቺ࣐׭೛ቺ८Ȟskill viewȟȄፓᚖᇅܫຬޠโ࡚ȂҦίՎαȂ឵຺ܼፓᚖ ၮܫຬޠޒݸȂӱՅӶঐ΢ޠᗵܓޤᜌ৥౫ϜȂȶ׭ ೛ȷޠഌϸ࢑ഷڏᡞȂηഷৡܿߓ౫яٿȄ

შ 3! Castillo ޠᗵܓޤᜌቺԪ

ၦਠٿྜȈɆA note on the concept of tacit knowledge.ɇ, Castillo, 2002, Journal of Management Inquiry, 11, 54. ᗵܓޤ ᜌϜޠ ᗵܓᢏᘉ З౪Ᏹޠ౫ຬᢏᘉ ᄃ፻ܓޠහኌᢏᘉ ޣញޠᢏᘉ ਰЗᇮဏᢏᘉ ׭೛ቺ८

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ԫѵȂPolanyi ஡ᗵܓޤᜌຝ࣐Κᆎ୞ᄙȃᅛໍޠ ႇโȞprocessȟȂᇰ࣐ᗵܓᇰޤȞtacit knowingȟ؂ ૗ᡞ౫ᗵܓޤᜌޠཏဏȂηѠᆏϟ࣐ᗵܓΩ໕Ȟtacit powerȟȇᇴ݃΢᜹ڏԥ౪၍ٲޑȃࡧસٲӈጤસޠ ૗ΩȂ૗஡ٲӈӱᔗϛӤޠ௒ძђпᐍӬȂпᕖூܛ ሰޠ๏਱Ȃ೼ᆎ૗Ω߰࢑΢᜹ޠΚᆎȶߤԥޣញޠདྷ ჌ᐡښȷȞmechanism of imagination-cum-intuitionȟ ȞPolanyi, 1969ȟȄ΢᜹Ӷ௄ٲ࢛ٳ՘࣐ܗࣁ୞ਣȂ ཽਗ਼Іঐ΢ޠޣញᇅདྷ჌Ȃഇႇ౪၍ᇅࡧસޠ૗Ω ᐍӬٲӈȂᗵܓޤᜌޠ৥౫ཽЇ࢏Ӷ՘࣐ᇅࣁ୞ αȄSternbergȞ1999ȟпȶโזܓޠȷȞproceduralȟ ᇴ݃ᗵܓޤᜌޠ੬ܓȂᇰ࣐ᗵܓޤᜌޠҐ፵࢑ᇅ೧ᙊ Ȟknow-howȟڏԥஞϹᜱᖓޠȄഇႇȶโזܓȷпІ ᗵܓᇰޤޠ၍មȂծо؂૗ᡞ౫ᗵܓޤᜌޠۢဏȄᗵ ܓޤᜌϛ༊࢑ᆎច֥Ӷঐ΢лᡞ࿌ϜޠҐ፵Ȃڏԥณ ݳّख़ȃѬѠཏཽޠ੬፵Ȃᗵܓޤᜌηᇅ೧ᙊஞϹࣻ ᜱȂኈ៫ঐ΢Ӷ՘࣐ȃࣁ୞ܗ࢑ޣញདྷ჌ޠߓ౫Ȅᆤ ӬпαᏱ޲ޠᇴݳȂҐःفᘫાᗵܓޤᜌӔ೾ޠ੬ܓȈ 1. ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑ྜՍܼঐ΢ޠȂሰ्๗Ӭ௒ძȃ૖ ๝ȇ 2. ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑ڏԥҭዀܓޠȂєࢃ΢উޠЗ౪ޒ ᄙȃቌঅᢏȃ߭܉๊ȇ 3. ᗵܓޤᜌѠϸ࣐྆܉ܓޠᇅ׭೛ܓޠȇ 4. ᗵܓޤᜌڏԥፓᚖޠቺԪȇ 5. ᗵܓޤᜌϛ૗ܗϛܿጢጇȂᜳпߓႁȃ༉ክȃ ྜྷ೾ᇅϸٵȇ 6. ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑ڏԥᄃ፻ȃโזܓ੬፵ޠޤᜌȂ৥ ౫Ӷᄃርᐈձܗࣁ୞Ϝȇ 7. ᗵܓޤᜌ܂܂ӶϛՍញȃณཏᜌޠ௒ݸϟίߓ ౫яٿȇ 8. ᗵܓޤᜌ೾ளᙥҦߩҔԓޠРݳᕖڦȇ 9. ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑Ӷߞਣ໣ޠᄃ፻ႇโܛತᑗޠစᡜ ܓޤᜌȄ

わඖᵧ⨯⓸ח᱿᳈〦ᶇἄ

Tschannen-Moran & Nestor-BakerȞ2004ȟःفఁ يስ஀Ӽ౱໕Ᏹ޲ޠᗵܓޤᜌȂᙥҦ೥ୱ 16 ՞Ᏹ೛ ౱໕ᙵࠕޠᏱ޲Ȃпљ๗ᄻ೥ፚޠРԓȂᕤ၍ڐᇰ ޤᇅᏱ೛ᄃ፻ޠႇโȂӲ៬ڐႇџܛ᎐ႅޠ֩ᜳ௒ ძᇅ၍؛РԓȂໍՅւң IFȃTHENȃBECAUSE ޠ ጢጇРԓȂ஡೥ፚጉϡпጢጇȄIF хߓӒࠊޠޒݸȃ THENཏࡿ௄Ӓࠊޒݸܛᔗᄈޠ՘࣐ȃՅ BECAUSE ࠍߓұ၏՘࣐ޠ౪ҦȄഇႇڎ՞ስ஀஠ঢ়ޠᒲᜌޤ ᜌ໷ҭᇅᘫ᜹Ȃःفഷࡤᘫાя 12 ঐ᜹րȈӬձᇅ ަཽޠМࡼȃ೏౪Үࣾޠሰؒȃජඬښ࡚ޠᕘძȃ ᕖூၦྜᇅ᠍Ωഋ৸ޠ࢈ݾܓ׭Ѿȃ೪ۢःفឋ โȃःفᄃ፻ޠ՜ഀᜱ߾ȃ՜ഀঐ΢ޠዦ௒ᇅᅗཏ ࡚ȃ஁ࡼܼջ݉֩ᜳȃݨ२ኦቹႇโȃϵ໡ٯ೏౪ ӤᏕຠЩȃ೪ۢҭዀʝฑᘉޠᆱࡼȃᝓᙲޠዀྦȄ PrasarnphanichȞ2005ȟޠീς፤Н஡ःفРݳϸ ࣐ѳঐ໧ࢳȈ८೥ȃᗵܓޤᜌޠᒲᜌȃᗵܓޤᜌጢ ጇІᘫ᜹ᗵܓޤᜌȄഇႇ೥ፚ 25 ՞ϛӤስ஀ޠقಜ ϸݚ৲Ȃٯпљ๗ᄻܗߩ๗ᄻޠ೥ୱȂᗄᓄڏԥл ᚡܓޠࢉٲȂᙥ຀ڎ՞ስ஀஠ঢ়ᒲᜌࢉٲϜޠޤᜌ ໷ҭٯϡп IFȃANDȃTHENȃBECAUSE ޠጢጇȂ ᡲᗵܓޤᜌڏԥ๗ᄻٯৡܿ౪၍ȂႁԚΚयࡤໍ՘ ঔҔȂ஡ޤᜌ໷ҭᘫાȄഷಥᘫ᜹ 14 ঐ᜹࠯Ȉ࡛Ҵ ߭Ӊȃ࡛ҴѠᎭܓȃጓ൝ܓޠ௢ښȃᆔ౪ᔇΩȃຠ զ୧ཿቌঅȃᆔ౪ၦྜޠᜱᖓܓȃᆔ౪෉గȃᒶᐆ ٻң޲ޠхߓȃᒶᐆϲഌყ໦Ԛসȃ၍؛ፑऐȃྜྷ ೾ȃᒶᐆʝᆔ౪ܛЖяޠ׭೛ȃጃᇰሰؒȃߵໍӬ ձȄHaron & AliasȞ2006ȟࠍ࢑пಣᙒᗵܓޤᜌޠ ᢏᘉȂःفା๊ᏱಭᐡᄻޠᗵܓޤᜌȇӤኻᙥ຀ IF-THEN-BECAUSE п๶ڦಣᙒޠᗵܓޤᜌȄഷಥ ഇႇःف๗ݏᘫાȂᘫાяΝঐಣᙒᗵܓޤᜌޠ᜹ ࠯ȈଢؒՍשᅗཏ࡚ȃջ݉ሬᛥȃ࡛Ҵަཽޠᜱ߾ȃ ӱᔗᡞښ෉గȃ೏౪ᔗᄈ஠ཿሰؒȃښङӱષпІ ೏౪ፑऐȄ

わඖᵧ⨯᱿᪀ח

ᗵܓޤᜌޠᕖڦѠۢဏ࣐ȶᕖڦᗵܓޤᜌޠႇ โȷȂ܂܂ᙥҦߩҔԓޠᏱಭРԓܛᕖڦȞPolanyi, 1967; Howells, 1996; Hedesstrom & Whitley, 2000ȟȂ ུКȞnoviceȟ࢑ഇႇᑗ྄୥ᇅٿᕖڦȞacquireȟᗵ ܓޤᜌȂٯйዤጜ၏ᆎ׭೛ȞPolanyi, 1962; Brown & Duguid, 1991ȟȂӶᗵܓޤᜌޠҐ፵α࢑ᄃଡ଼ޠՅߩ Ᏹ೛ޠȂ࢑စᡜޠڦூՅߩޣ௦ޠఁᏳȄ஼࡛لȃ ؄ϊ҂Ȟ2007ȟηණژᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦӶτᏱҢ഻ུ Ϝޠ२्ܓȂпȶᄃ፻ఁᏱȷձ࣐ߵໍτᏱҢᕖڦ

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50 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α ᗵܓޤᜌޠРݳȂҦܼᄃ፻ఁᏱ૗஋ቩ஽ᏱҢᡞਃޠ ૗Ωȃᄃ፻ఁᏱޠ௒ძη૗ණٽτ໕ޠᗵܓޤᜌષ ؆ȂණٽᏱҢᕖڦᗵܓޤᜌޠ૗ΩȄ൸ᗵܓᇰޤޠᢏ ᘉȂReberȞ1993ȟпᏱಭޠِ࡚ђп௥ଇȂу஡ߩ ҔԓޠᏱಭϸ࣐ϲᗵᏱಭȞimplicit learningȟȃࡧՄޠ ᏱಭȞdeliberative learningȟᇅ௒ძЇᔗᏱಭȞreactive learningȟȂٯණяᗵܓޤᜌޠᏱಭقಜၷᡘܓޤᜌޠ Ᏹಭقಜ؂ԟ౱ҢȂᡘܓޤᜌޠᏱಭقಜ࢑҇໹๊ژ ᗵܓޤᜌᏱಭقಜึ৥ᛨۢϟࡤϘഃᅛໍϾՅԚȄу ᇰ࣐ᗵܓᇰޤ࢑ณཏᜌйϛೞՍٙܛᄇញޠȃ࢑Κᆎ ᄈܼޤᜌޠᏱಭሰؒᇅᏱಭ՘࣐Ȃ೼η࢑ᕖڦᗵܓޤ ᜌഷл्ޠᏱಭРԓȄ؄થȃ஼໡૧Ȟ2007ȟ۾៊ ReberޠᇴݳȂᇰ࣐ᗵܓᇰޤє֥ϲᗵقಜᐡښȃԚ ϸᙾඳᐡښȃ୞ᐡձңᐡښȄȶϲᗵقಜᐡښȷ࢑ԇ ӶܼᑀҴঐ΢ȂՍ୞ӵఃңϛሰစႇཏᜌȂ΢উϛሰ ңѵᡘޠᄙ࡚џ׼ښȂԒឮቩߞᄈڐึ৥ᔔֆϛτȂ ࢑ΚᆎᇅҢ঎ٿޠ૗ΩȇȶԚϸᙾඳᐡښȷཏࡿᗵܓ ޤᜌᇅᡘܓޤᜌ࢑Κঐഀ៊ᡞޠڎᆓȂഇႇΡ޲ϟ໣ ޠђϏᇅһϤձңȂᗵܓޤᜌԥѠ૗ᙾϾ࣐ᡘܓޤ ᜌȂՅᡘܓޤᜌηԥѠ૗ϲϾ࣐ᗵܓޤᜌȇȶ୞ᐡձ ңᐡښȷࠍᇴ݃ঐ΢Ӷᗵܓޤᜌޠϸٵႇโཽ౱Ң೩ Ӽߣᛥϸٵޠ୞ᐡȂ឵ܼঐ΢ܓޠߴៗܗ೤ጓޠᐡ ښȄစҦαख़ѠூޤȂᗵܓޤᜌ࢑ᗵ֥ܼᏱಭޠ՘࣐ ϟϜȂᏱಭ޲ٯϛཽཏᜌژᗵܓޤᜌޠԇӶȂՅйӶ ᏱಭޠႇโϜԇӶ຀ϲᗵقಜޠᐡښȂ஡ѵӶޠᡘ ܓޤᜌᙾϾ࣐ঐ΢ޠᗵܓޤᜌȂԫΚᙾϾޠᐡښ࢑ ΚঐϛᘟһϤձңޠഀ៊ႇโȄӲᘫᗵܓޤᜌޠҐ ፵ȂSternberg, Wagner, Williams, ɍ HorvathȞ1995ȟ ᇰ࣐ᗵܓޤᜌӶҐ፵αڏԥȶโזܓޠ๗ᄻȷȃȶၷ ЎᕖூᕘძܗѵӶМࡼȷȃпІȶ૗ӶᄃርᔗңϜ֖ ౫яٿȷޠ੬ܓȂϸրϸոӶᗵܓޤᜌޠȶᇰޤ๗ ᄻȷȃȶᕖڦȷᇅȶٻңȷήঐ௒ძϟϜȇӱՅӶȶᗵ ܓޤᜌᕖڦȷޠ௒ძۼίє֥пίήᆎܓ፵Ȉโזܓ ๗ᄻȃၷЎᕖூᕘძܗѵӶМࡼȂпІӶᄃ፻α࢑ ԥңޠȄ

ᶇἄ⥑⤺⎞૪ᅡ

ᶇἄᅞᘍ

ҐःفпȶНᝧϸݚݳȷᇅȶ౐࡚೥ፚݳȷձ࣐ л्ޠःفРݳȄԄӤ Sternberg ๊΢Ȟ1995ȟܛख़ ᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦϟ੬ܓȂᗵܓޤᜌȶၷЎᕖூᕘძܗ ѵӶМࡼȷޠ੬፵ȂᡘұᑀҴঐᡞޠᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦ ᇅஊᎵԥڐੇ౵ϟ೏ȇйӱᗵܓޤᜌȶ૗Ӷᄃር ᔗңϜ֖౫яٿȷȂӱՅᙥҦљ๗ᄻԓޠ೥ፚτ ᆫȂᄈڨ೥޲ໍ՘ᄃଡ଼စᡜᇅޤᜌޠ೥ፚȄҐःف ւ ң Tschannen-Moran & Nestor-BakerȞ2004ȟȃ PrasarnphanichȞ2005ȟᇅ Haron & AliasȞ2006ȟܛ ٻңޠጢጇ๗ᄻ˕˕IF-THEN-BECAUSE ձ࣐ᄈঐ րڨ೥ϲৡໍ՘๗ᄻϾໍՅᒲᜌȃᘫા၏ስ஀ᗵܓ ޤᜌ᜹࠯ϟϏڏȄഇႇНᝧϸݚݳᘫાяखᓄбᇨ ձޠϥঐጓᛠȈષ؆ȃᢏᘉȃܰឹȃ୙ᒯᇅڐуȇ ೥ፚτᆫᇅᇨձϲৡ२ᘉȂԄߓ 2Ȅ

ᶇἄଃ⩽

Ґःفл्௄ϵӔႬຝखᓄᢏᘉȃϜ๽Җ୾खᓄ бึ৥ڟཽᇅखᓄбᙜཿϏ๊ཽᆪયȂᇕ໲खᓄб Ϗձ޲ޠ೥ፚӫ൑Ȃٯп߰ւܫኻޠРԓᒶᐆڏԥ खᓄбᇨձစᡜ޲ձ࣐೥ፚᄈຬȂ᝸Յւңഢ౩ܫ ኻ൷ؒ஠ᙜᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲ȇڨ೥ᄈຬӔॏϳ ՞ȂԄߓ 3 ܛұȄ

⫏ᅆӠኔ

Ґःفп౐࡚೥ፚᇕ໲ࣻᜱၦਠȂٯ௵ңНᝧϸ ݚᘫાՅԚޠ࢝ᄻ࣐ϸ᜹Ȃٿ୉ၦਠϸݚȄҐःف ஡ኊؒڨ೥޲ޠӤཏໍ՘ᓄॲȂٯпિ์ህֆଅᓄ २ᘉȂࡤ៊ւңНਫ೻ᡞ࡛ҴഃԆጉпໍ՘ጢጇȂ စႇጢጇϸݚࡤޠ๗ݏȂӕ፝ڨ೥޲ጃᇰጢጇޠၦ ਠ࢑֐ԥᇳȃܗ޲ሰ्၅щޠഌӌȄ ၦਠϸݚл्᠅ࢃڎঐഌӌȂє֥ᗵܓޤᜌϟ᜹ ࠯ᇅ੬ܓпІᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦРԓȄԥᜱᗵܓޤᜌϟ ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓޠഌӌȂॷӒഇႇखᓄбࣻᜱНᝧȂᘫ ાяષ؆ȃᢏᘉȃܰឹȃ୙ᒯᇅڐу๊खᓄбᇨձ ޠጓᛠȂٯ୥Մ Tschannen-Moran ɍ Nestor-Baker Ȟ2004ȟȃPrasarnphanichȞ2005ȟІ Haron & Alias Ȟ2006ȟ๊΢ޠጢጇРԓȂӒഇႇȶโזܓޠ๗ᄻȷȃ ȶၷЎᕖூᕘძܗѵӶМࡼȷȃпІȶ૗Ӷᄃርᔗң Ϝ ֖ ౫ я ٿ ȷȞ Sternberg, Wagner, Williams, & Horvath, 1995ȟ๊੬ܓୣրяڏԥᗵܓޤᜌޠ፤ ख़ȂໍՅп IFȃTHENȃBECAUSE ມཋձ࣐֖౫ᗵ ܓޤᜌޠȶโזȷȂٻڐڏԥ๗ᄻܓȂη൸࢑Ѡпߓ ౫я၏՘࣐ܗ࢑၏ٲӈޠӱݏȂԥֆܼᚅఽӶ೼ٳ

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ߓ 2! ೥ፚτᆫ ೥ፚτᆫ ୥Մၦਠ 1ȃ፝ୱ்ޠஆҐၦਠᇅঐ΢஠ཿनෂȂє֥ঐ΢ձࠣᇅኈ჌စᐤȄ 2ȃ ்፝ٸྲȶঐ΢ձࠣȷޠစᡜ୥Մίߓ࢑֐ԥሰ्ঔ׾ܗ၅щޠഌϸȉ ࣐եԄԫȉ ڨ೥޲ޠஆҐၦਠ 3ȃ ்፝ٸᐄঐ΢खᓄб഻ձޠစᡜȂፚፚ்෇စ᎐ႅႇޠୱᚡܗޒݸȂٯ пᇴࢉٲޠРԓఅख़ؑঐϛӤ໧ࢳޠစᡜȄ 4ȃ፝ୱ்Ԅե೏౪೼ٳୱᚡܗޒݸȉ 5ȃ፝ୱ்࣐եԄԫ೏౪ȉ 6ȃ፝ୱ்ኈ៫ԫ՘࣐ޠӱષ࢑Ϩቅȉ 7ȃ፝ୱ்௄೼ٳစᡜϜᏱژϨቅȉ PrasarnphanichȞ2005ȟȈ Tschannen-Moran & Nestor-BakerȞ2004ȟ 8ȃ்፝ፚፚեп௦ដखᓄбȉԄեᏱಭܰឹखᓄбȉ 9ȃ፝ୱ்ԄեஊᎵܗᕖڦखᓄбޠࣻᜱޤᜌȉ ڨ೥޲Ԅեᕖڦᗵܓޤᜌ ໍ՘໧ࢳ ձཿϲৡ२ᘉ ࿾ҭᄻࡧ ᡺དȃҢࣁᡞᡜȃ൭ᡞ лᚡःفȞၦਠᇕ໲ȟ лᚡᢏᄇȞߒ೥ȃٲӈᢏᄇᇅ୥ ᇅȃൠଢ଼ȟ ҥഐ።ࢦ ःفൣ֚ ِՔޠۢ՞ ၦߝޠ༔໲ ࠊᇨਣ෉ ȞPre-productionȟ ᝱დܰбٲۤ Ⴒᆘޠᔤۢ

Barbash & TaylorȞ1997ȟȇ RabigerȞ1998ȟȇ еኒཐȞ1998ȟȇ ݔԢݎȞ2002ȟ Ϗձᙜଡ଼ޠϸପ Ꮳ؆ၿڏޠජඬ Ᏻᅌޠۢ՞ ׭೛ޠᄃଡ଼ᐈձ खᓄбޠឹኈजᏱ ౫ൠජඬ ౫ൠޠᄃଡ଼ ೞܰឹᄈຬޠঘ౪ୱᚡ ೥ୱႇโޠජ௢ ܰឹਣ෉ ȞProductionȟ ८೥ ೞܰឹ޲ޠฬ८ᇅᖑॲ೪ۢ

Barbash & TaylorȞ1997ȟȇ RabigerȞ1998ȟȇ ϣߕӑȃ؄ၿ݃ȃ؄ݩࢷ Ȟ1998ȟȇ ݔԢݎȞ2002ȟ ୙ᒯ౪፤ޠᇰޤ ᄈܼ୙ᒯ౪፤ޠᕤ၍௒ם ᐍᡞ๗ᄻޠ೪ۢ ฬ८ ᖑॲ ॲ዆ ୙ᒯޠ঩ࠍ ᙛណ ᄃርᐈձ ࡤᇨਣ෉ ȞPost-productionȟ ୙ᒯ೪റޠጃۢ ጤܓᇅߩጤܓޠᒶᐆ

Barbash & TaylorȞ1997ȟȇ RabigerȞ1998ȟȇ еኒཐȃϣߕӑȃᙐ୊ල๊ Ȟ1998ȟȇ ݔԢݎȞ2002ȟ ึҁܗႬφ໐ӈ Սשࡈ༉ ୧ཿРԓ ېଋึ՘΢ ࠷ङ᛬ॐ Ⴌຝክ࢏ Ⴌኈክ࢏ ึ՘ਣ෉ ȞDistributionȟ ө᜹ኈ৥ ൷׳ȃᒶᐆȃ୥ђ

Barbash & TaylorȞ1997ȟȇ RabigerȞ1998ȟ

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52 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α ٲӈ՘࣐ϜޠᗵܓޤᜌȄANDȃBUT ๊ມཋΞ࢑ ңٿቩђጢጇޠፓᚖܓȂຝڨ೥޲ޠఅٲ௒ݸՅໍ ՘ມཋޠቩ෶ȇࢉҐःفп IFȃTHENȃBECAUSE ձ࣐л्ޠጢጇРԓȂຝڨ೥޲ޠཏُ௒ݸՅ؛ۢ ࢑֐ђΤ ANDȃBUT ๊ມཋȄഇႇНᝧூޤȂIF ཏࡿȶӒࠊ᎐ႅޠୱᚡȃޒݸܗ௒ძȷȂTHEN х ߓȶ၍؛ޠڏᡞРԓȷȂՅ BECAUSE ࠍࡿਗ਼ȶւ ңԫᆎРԓޠ౪ҦȷȄՅᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦРԓޠഌ ӌȂࠍ࢑஡ᗄᓄ೥ፚޠ׈ᐍϲৡϡпϸݚȂ஡ࣻ ᜱޠ឵ܓȃ८Ӫᘫાᐍ౪Ȃϸݚܛூ๗ݏ஡ኊၛ ஠ঢ়ϟཏُӕໍ՘ঔҔȄ ߓ 3! ڨ೥޲ஆҐၦਠ хဵ ᙜཿ Ԓឮ ܓր ೥ፚС෉ Ᏹᐤ खᓄбᇨձစᡜ ೥ፚਣ໣ A ஠ᙜᏳᅌ 32 υ 2008/06/10 ᆉς τᏱڏԥኈ჌ࣻᜱஆᙄȂःفܛ໡ۗ௦ ដखᓄбȂпኈ჌Ϗձ࣐ҢȂٯࡼ៊ܰ ឹखᓄбȄ 00:31:00 B ஠ᙜᏳᅌ 33 υ 2008/06/10 ᆉς τᏱڨႇኈ჌ଌጜȂ௄ःفܛ໡ۗஞ໲ ௦ដखᓄбȂпኈ჌Ϗձ࣐ҢȂٯࡼ៊ ܰឹखᓄбȄ 00:37:17 C চᙜᏳᅌ 25 ع 2008/06/12 Ᏹς τᏱ᐀ԥҥഐ።ࢦޠષᎵȂᎭՍשᏱಭ ܰឹखᓄбȂखᓄбᇨձ༊࢑ڐಁӼϏ ձޠΚഌϸȄ 00:47:50 D ஠ᙜᏳᅌ 41 υ 2008/06/17 Ᏹς ኈ჌Ϗձ޲ȂӶཿࣩܰឹखᓄбϑԥΫ ᎸԒޠစᡜȄ 02:54:23 E ஠ᙜᏳᅌ 30 ع 2008/07/16 ᆉς ःفܛ໡ۗ௦ដȃᏱಭखᓄбȂпኈ჌ Ϗձ࣐ҢȂࡼ៊ܰឹखᓄбȂ ឵ܼ஠ᙜϏձȄ 00:56:57 F চᙜᏳᅌ 25 ع 2008/10/24 ःفҢ τᏱ໡ۗ௦ដȃᏱಭखᓄбȂ௄ःفܛ ӱܛᏱࣻᜱȂ໡ۗஞ໲௦ដखᓄбȂҭ ࠊϬࡼ៊ܰឹखᓄбȄ 01:24:12

⃌ኞ⎞⤽⧄

᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸ⢌̳ʠわඖᵧ⨯ㆩࠣ⎞᧚ඖ

Ґःفпષ؆ȃᢏᘉȃܰឹȃ୙ᒯᇅڐуձ࣐ጓ ᛠȂഇႇ IF-THEN-BECAUSE ޠጢጇРԓȂ஡೥ ፚϲৡђпጢጇ֖౫Ȃூяпί๗ݏȄഌӌଇ፤஡ пߓੀᇴ݃ጢጇ๗ݏȂٯӶഷࡤޠഌӌ֖౫ܛԥ ๗ݏȄ

₪ቨ

Ӷષ؆ޠഌӌȂഇႇНᝧࣩۢȂષ؆є֥઎ᄃз ࣩޠ΢ȃٲȃޑȂӤਣηє֥ڨ೥޲ᇅೞឹ޲ޠ௦ ដȃࣻ೏ȃ׳൷ષ؆ȃᚡ؆ޠึདྷ๊ႇโᘫ᜹࣐ષ ؆ޠഌӌȇӶԫႇโϟϜє֥ঐ΢ޠҭዀȃ՘࣐ᇅ ձݳ๊੬ኊȂձ࣐ᗵܓޤᜌޠᒲᜌஆᙄȄ

⊓บ₪ቨ⎞Ң˟ʶ᧎᱿〦⊓ඖ

࣐Πђ஽ષ؆ܛڏറޠ஼ΩȂڨ೥޲ A ഇႇཧପ ѯᢋޠᐤѭनෂȂ՜ഀϛӤਣхनෂࠊ܂ज୾ޠ ΢ȂᡲϛӤԒឮІርႅޠೞឹ޲ᇅϛӤਣх૗஋౱ Ңഀ๗Ȃпೞឹ޲ձ࣐၏ਣх੬ܓޠхߓȂఅख़ѯ ᢋ࿌х᛻೛ѭޠࢉٲȄڨ೥޲ Bȃڨ೥޲ E ᇅڨ೥ ޲ F ࣲᇰ࣐ȶঐ΢ޠစᡜȷ࢑ᒶᐆષ؆࡟२्ޠ঩ ӱȇӱՅӶᒶᐆኈбષ؆ޠഌӌȂཽᓻӒՄ໕Սٙ ܛᜱЗޠឋᚡȃՍϐԥᑺ፹ޠឋᚡпІᇅՍϐࣻᜱ ޠឋᚡȂᓎ຀ਣ໣౱ҢϛӤޠርႅȂӱՅᒶᐆࣻᜱ ޠષ؆Ȅڨ೥޲ D ึញೞឹᄈຬڏԥᇅѵࣩᢏདৰ ౵ࣦτޠ੬ੇܓ፵ȃܗ࢑Սϐೞೞឹ޲ޠ࢛ٳ௒ݸ ដ୞ȂໍՅ౱ҢԂۊЗȂٯ໡ۗ௥فೞឹ޲ϛ࣐΢ ޤޠѫΚ८ȄӶ࢛ٳޒݸίȂη࢑ӱ࣐ঐ΢ᑺ፹ޠ ᜱ߾Ȅጢጇ๗ݏԄߓ 4 ܛұȄ

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ߓ 4! ષ؆೏౪ޠᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓȞ1ȟ IFȞ௒ძȟ ᄈܼષ؆ޠ౪၍ᇅᇰᜌϛ٘Ȃณ௄຀Кໍ՘ኈбޠᇨձ THENȞձݳȟ л୞Յᑗ྄ӵᇕ໲ȃ௦ដӉեࣻᜱᆔၿޠၦਠ BECAUSEȞ౪Ҧȟ ௦ដτ໕ޠၦਠϟࡤȂ૗஋ᇷึ؂Ӽᄈܼષ؆ޠࡧՄȂηၷ૗ජඬձ࣐ኈбષ؆ ޠ२ᘉ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ᖓདྷષ؆ᇅڐуٲޑޠᜱᖓܓ ᗵܓޤᜌ੬ܓ ᄈષ؆ޠᇰޤϛ٘ȂӱՅሰഇႇτ໕ޠᇕ໲ȃ௦ដષ؆ȂпᡲՍϐؗ੕Ӷષ؆ޠ ௒ძ࿌ϜȂቩђᄈܼષ؆ޠఄད

ࡢ㇭₪ቨ᱿⦓ᵧ

ڨ೥޲ B ཽτ໕ᇕ໲ᇅષ؆ࣻᜱޠनෂၦਠȂٯ ᇅࣻᜱޠထಁ௦ដȃࣻ೏ȂໍՅ௄ϜᒶᐆᎍӬޠೞ ឹ޲Ȃᒶᐆೞឹ޲ȂࢆᒶȞ1ȟᇅՍϐޠޒݸ᜹ծȃ ܗ࢑དྷ्ᕤ၍ޠȞ2ȟ஡ٿѠ૗ηཽԥӤኻޒݸึҢ ӶՍϐٙαȂпІȞ3ȟܰឹ޲ࣽя੬ੇܓ፵ޠᄈຬȄ ڨ೥޲ E ᇰ࣐ᄈષ؆࡛Ҵ࢛ᆎโ࡚ޠᇰޤȂѠпᡲ ܰឹ޲ৡܿໍΤೞឹᄈຬޠ௒ძᇅൠ஀Ȃᄈܼኈб ޠࣻᜱ೤დαη૗ၷԥ఩౪ᇅዤோȄ

೘ἼΒ˶〦͸

ڨ೥޲ B ௦ដೞឹ޲᎐ႅ֩ᜳȂഇႇटЗޠ஛߭ ๞ϡೞឹ޲ٯटЗ๊ࡠȂۗ૗໡ఃྜྷ೾ޠРԓȄڨ ೥޲ D ηᇰ࣐Ӷ࡛Ҵ߭Ӊᜱ߾ޠ෉໣࢑҇໹टЗޠ ๊ࡠȂٯᇅೞឹ޲ߞਣ໣ޠࣻ೏Ȃڦூ܅ԫዤோޠ དញȂໍՅ૗௄ೞឹ޲ޠِ࡚ᢏᄇژ؂Ӽޠݎ՚Ȃ ηԥֆܼೞឹ޲ޠՍด֖౫Ȅ

ཤଭ₪ቨ᱿ೖ↲ඖ

ڨ೥޲ A ӶࡧՄષ؆ਣȂ຀ಂܼષ؆ޠ੬ܓȂཽ Մኍ஡ϟ۾ի࣐قӗޠձࠣȇՄ໕ঐ΢ޠޒݸȂп ؛ۢષ؆ޠጓ൝Ȅڨ೥޲ D ᇰ࣐ϛӤޠ΢ཽࣽژϛ Ӥޠِ࡚Ȃस૗пঐ΢ၷޣᢏޠដ୞ᒶᐆ౪དྷޠષ ؆ Ȃ ࣻ Ӥ ᕘ ძ ϟ ί ޠ ષ ؆ ߰ Ѡ ૗ ౱ Ң ೩ Ӽ ޠ ۾ իȂٻڐԚ࣐Κقӗޠឋᚡ௥ଇȄڨ೥޲ F ᇰ࣐ ଷΠঐ΢ޣᢏដ୞ᒶᐆષ؆ѵȂഇႇᇅӤᏕȃኈ჌ Ϗձ޲ޠྜྷ೾һࢻȂҼ࢑ܦ৥ષ؆۾៊ܓ२्ޠ ഌӌȄ

₪ቨ᱿・ᙙະᮢ

ڨ೥޲ B Ӷ८ᖞٻңષ؆ޠޒݸȂཽ׳൷෈х ޠР਱п࿾ࣹԚҐȃܗ࢑ᗘռ࢛ٳષ؆ԥޏ᠍ޠ ୱᚡȇӶॲ዆ષ؆ޠٻңαȂڨ೥޲ C ཽ߰пೞ ឹ޲ܛኇ࠸ޠॲ዆Ȃձ࣐ኈбޠପ዆ȄԫѵȂڨ ೥޲ C ᇰ࣐ԥᜱޏ᠍ޠєࢃኈ჌ȃॲ዆๊у΢ޠ ഻ձ౱ޑȂҦܼኈ჌ȃฬ८ѠւңࢌԥޠၦਠȂ Յ ၷ ᜳ ೏ ౪ ޠ ഌ ӌ ࢑ ॲ ዆ Ȃ ԫ ഌ ӌ ਗ਼ І ख ᓄ б ࢑ ֐ ཽ ԥ ୧ ཿ စ ᕋ ޠ Ѡ ૗ Ȃ स ࢑ ౟ ਗ਼ ୧ ཿ ւ ઊȂ߰ሰ੬րݨཏޏ᠍ޠୱᚡȄጢጇ๗ݏԄߓ 5 ܛұȄ ߓ 5! ષ؆೏౪ޠᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓȞ2ȟ IFȞ௒ძȟ ષ؆ޠڦூཽ८ᖞޏ᠍ޠ४ښȃܗ࢑૊ຳົяႲᆘпѵޠԚҐ THENȞձݳȟ ਗ਼І୧ཿւઊޠखᓄбӶષ؆ޠڦңα߰ሰ੬րᙲབྷȇӶષ؆ޠᒶᐆՄ໕αȂॲ ዆ޠഌӌѠւңೞឹ޲ܛኇ࠸ޠॲ዆ȃ࢛ٳฬ८ࠍѠւң௮ඣޠྲбڦхȂՅ഻ ң CC ᎍӬңӶߩ୧ཿᕋւޠ഻ձϲৡ BECAUSEȞ౪Ҧȟ ӶԚҐޠ४ښȃષ؆ޠ෈хܓІޏ᠍๊঩ӱϟίޠབྷ२Մ໕ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ષ؆ޠ᡺ࣁᔗң ᗵܓޤᜌ੬ܓ Ӷષ؆८ᖞԚҐȃ׳൷֩ᜳ๊ޠ௒ძϟίȂܰឹ޲ཽၽңڐуષ؆ٿ෈хȄ

(13)

54 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α

⤐㔄

खᓄбस࢑༊ଅᓄٲӈܗ֖౫઎ᄃȂХુঐ΢ޠ ᢏᘉȂ߰ᜳпᇅུᆹбȃࡈ༉бୣրȇसષ؆࢑ଅ ᓄбޠஆᙄȂᢏᘉࠍѠຝ࣐ഷ२्ޠഌӌȞWinston, 1995ȇеኒཐȂ1998ȇ؄ၿ݃Ȃ2000ȇᡲȆԾྑᅮȃ տృȂ2006ȟȄҐःفӶԫഌӌ஡ᐍ౪ڨ೥޲ᄈԄե ࡛Ҵȃණٽȃ֖౫Іඣख़ᢏᘉ๊Ȃԥᜱܼם༮खᓄ бϟঐ΢ᢏᘉޠөᆎ՘࣐ܗ՘୞ࣲᘫ᜹ܼԫȄ

⤐㔄᱿⠢Ἄඖ

ڨ೥޲ C ᇰ࣐ኈбҐٙሰԥѓ૗ܓȂӶܼණٽ ኈбܛ֖౫ޠᢏᘉȇڨ೥޲ C ᜔Ԛ࢛ঐҴൠޠཏ ُȂӱՅ߰ӶኈбϜ຀२၏ҴൠޠཏُȂܺΤࡼ ӤኻҴൠޠೞឹ޲ཏُȂпђ஽ኈбޠᇴ݉ΩȄ ڨ೥޲ F ࠍߓұȂኈбܰឹਣ܂܂ཽழԥ࢛੬ۢ ᢏᘉᇅҴൠໍ՘Ȃկ੬ۢᢏᘉᇅҴൠѠ૗ᓎኈб ܰឹႇโϜܛᕖூޠଊਁᇅᡞᇰȂໍՅᙾඳΠ঩ ٿޠҴൠȂ௄ՅѠ૗ٻூኈб঩ٿлᢏܰឹȃ֖ ౫Кݳя౫ᙾ׸Ȃпᄈ঩ۗᢏᘉᙾ׸ޠഌӌໍ՘ ።ᐍȄ

ⳬോ᱿≙⸇

ڨ೥޲ D ሰՄ໕ژኈбस֖౫࢛ᆎᢏᘉȂ࢑֐ཽ ᄈೞឹ޲ആԚᜳпᔕ၅ޠ།ড়ȂӱՅሰኊؒೞឹ޲ ޠӤཏȂՅй࢑Ӷೞឹ޲૗஋׈ӓᕤ၍ᝓ२ܓޠ௒ ݸϟίȂሰ्ᇅೞឹ޲ӼӼྜྷ೾ȂࣦՎ࢑ሰ्યӶ Κঐ؂ାޠҴൠᜱݨೞឹ޲ޠޒݸȂᗘռ࣐Πኈб ޠ֖౫Յ܈౲ೞឹ޲ܛᔗூޠ൶२Ȅڨ೥޲ D ᇰ࣐ खᓄбϏձ޲ ҇໹ީࡼڐᙜཿޠၿ኉Ȃ஡ኈбޠޒ ݸ׈ᐍ֚ޤೞឹ޲ȂӶණٽᢏᘉޠ࿌ίȂϛ༊ѬՄ ໕൶२ೞឹ޲ޠୱᚡȂηሰݨཏክܺпࡤܛழٿޠ ࡤ៊ਞᔗȄڨ೥޲ E ᇰ࣐೏౪ኈбܛ֖౫ޠᢏᘉ ਣȂሰՄ໕ೞឹ޲ܛ೏ޠᕘძȂ࢑֐Ӷ֖౫пࡤኈ ៫ೞឹ޲ޠҢࣁȂ֊࢛߰ٳݎ՚ޠ֖౫Ѡп࣐ኈб ђϸȂկ࢑યӶߴៗೞឹ޲ޠҴൠȂܰឹ޲ሰᒶᐆ ܺత೼ٳѠ૗౱Ңኈ៫ޠഌӌȂ׾ᡑ֖౫ޠᢏᘉȄ ጢጇ๗ݏԄߓ 6Ȅ ߓ 6! ᢏᘉ೏౪ޠᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓ IFȞ௒ძȟ Ԅե֖౫ᢏᘉՅᗘռആԚࣻᜱޠኈ៫ȉ THENȞձݳȟ ኈбϜѠ૗ԇӶϛӤҴൠȃܗ࢑ᄈҴȃፑऐޠೞឹᄈຬȂखᓄбϏձ޲Ѡ຀२ܼ ࢛ΚРޠҴൠȂپԄဋΤၷӼ൑ΚҴൠޠഌӌȂхߓᇰӤ၏Ҵൠޠᢏᘉ BECAUSEȞ౪Ҧȟ ଷΠ֖౫ኈбޠᢏᘉϟѵȂ൶२ೞឹ޲ȂखᓄбϏձ޲ሰҐ຀ၿ኉ًޤޠِ࡚ᜱ ݨೞឹ޲ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ၿ኉ޠՄ໕ ᗵܓޤᜌ੬ܓ ֖౫ᢏᘉޠӤਣȂηሰচ៬Ӷᆱៗঐ΢ၿ኉ޠഌӌȂпߴៗೞឹ޲ϛཽڨژኈ៫Ȅ

ཞჶ

ԥᜱܰឹޠഌӌѠᘫ឵ܼȶ഻ആܓ೏౪ȷષ؆ޠ ഌϸȄНᝧ௥ଇᇅ೥ፚޠ๗ݏூޤȂܰឹܛోᇑޠ ጓᛠࣻ࿌ኅހȂހࡿӶឹኈ෉໣ܛሰ຀२ޠޒݸȇ ଷΠᏣ؆೪റޠ׭೛ܓᐈձϟѵȂᇅೞឹ޲ޠϤ୞ η࢑ܰឹႇโϜ࡟२्ޠᕘ࿾ȇᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲ ޠܰឹϏձӼљሰ्ᇅೞឹᄈຬ௦ដȃࣻ೏Ȃп౱ Ңྜྷ೾Ϥ୞ޠႇโȂӱԫଅᓄԫႇโԥֆܼቩђኈ бޠ઎ᄃܓᇅད࢘ΩȄܰឹ෉໣ԥ೩Ӽऐึޠޒݸ ࢑ࠊᇨਣ෉ᜳпႲਠޠȂηณݳӶኈбޠရҐτᆫ Ϝ֖౫ȂӱՅܰឹ޲҇໹ᓎਣජඬ౫ൠޒݸȄ

ଃ⦹᱿ᄖ฾ಙ

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐ӶܰឹႇโϜȂ஠ݨܼϤ୞ፚၘޠ ϲৡȂ܂܂Ѡпᕖூ೩ӼӶရҐτᆫณݳႲ෉ޠ๗ ݏȄڨ೥޲ B ᇰ࣐Ӷܰឹ౫ൠໍ՘೥ፚޠႇโϜȂ ೞឹ޲܂܂૗ණٽτ໕Յᙵ൳ޠၦଊȂܰឹ޲҇໹ ्૗ජඬፚၘޠ२ᘉȂٯጃۢՍϐདྷ्ޠ࢑঻ঐഌ ӌȂӶ౫ൠޠᄈፚϜ૗஋ᎍ࿌ӵජඬၘᚡȃٯйӶ

(14)

ӬᎍޠਣᐡϹΤ२ᘉȄڨ೥޲ D ᇰ࣐Ӷܰឹȃᇅೞ ឹᄈຬፚၘޠႇโϜȂሰߴࡼ໡ܺޠЗᄙȃఄད࡚Ȃ пռᓀႇೞឹ޲మߓႁޠ२्ᜱᗥȄ

೘Ἴཞჶ≛⎞⡕ჶ≛Ҡ⨯

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐ӶܰឹਣȂᇅೞឹ޲ႁԚӔᜌȂη ൸࢑ණٽᎍӬޠܰឹ௒ძȂᡲೞឹ޲૗஋ٸඊϏձ ޲ȃٯпഷܺᚭޠРԓໍ՘ፚၘȄڨ೥޲ C ᇰ࣐ܰ ឹ޲ᇅೞឹ޲ϟ໣҇໹ԇӶΚۢโ࡚ޠӔᜌȂ঻ٳ ฬ८ᎍϛᎍӬክܺȂഷԂ૗Ӷூژೞឹ޲Ӥཏܗ᛬ ङޠޒݸί׈ԚձࠣȄ

࿜ဝ⎞࢞ⳍ෼ࣀ

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐ᜣᓟޠ೪ॏԥਣ঑࢑҇໹ޠȂ࣐Π ᕋആኈб࿌Ϝޠݦ൝Ȃٯйᡲኈбڏԥ໡ۗȃᙾ׸ ๊ޠདញȂࢉւңᜣᓟᇅೞឹ޲ϟ໣ޠԋ௷Ȃᡲኈ бޠఅٲ؂࣐ࢻᄲȄڨ೥޲ B ᇰ࣐ᄻშၽᜣ๊׭Ѿ ᗷด२्Ȃկ࢑स૗пᐕᄃȃᙐ൑ޠᜣᓟ֖౫ܛమ ߓႁޠ྆܉Ȃኈбޠਞݏ஡؂࣐݃ᡘȄڨ೥޲ B ཽ ٸϛӤޒݸ׾ᡑឹኈᐡᘜܺޠ՞ဋпІᜣᓟᐈձޠ ِ࡚ȂپԄӶၮܰޠਣ঑Ȃ൸ᅿ໕ၮᓎೞឹ޲ޠِ ࡚ໍ՘ܰឹȂпؒ઎ᄃߓ౫яೞឹ޲ܛ्ߓႁޠཏ ࡧȃܗ၅щೞឹ޲ّᇮఅख़αޠϛ٘ȇ঒स࢑п೥ ፚםԓܰឹȂӼљ࢝຀ឹኈᐡໍ՘೥ፚȂٯഇႇڨ ೥޲ޠّፚȃ՞ဋٿᕋആࣻᜱ௒ძȄڨ೥޲ F ߓұȂ Ӷໍ՘ኈбܰឹਣȂԥޠڨ೥޲ٯϛཽ௦ڨ೥ୱȂ ڐϜܛᗵᙡޠၦଊᇅཏဏࠍᙥҦᜣᓟޠၽձȂഇႇ ڨ೥޲ޠᄙ࡚ᇅ୞ձȂ֖౫яҴൠᇅᢏᘉޠৰ౵Ȅ ጢጇ๗ݏԄߓ 7Ȅ ߓ 7! ܰឹϟᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓ IFȞ௒ძȟ Ԅեජ௢ၽᜣᇅೞឹ޲ޠൠ८ THENȞձݳȟ ᎍ࿌ӵӶϛӤޠൠӬȂၽңϛӤםԓޠၽᜣКݳȃпІೞឹ޲ޠ՞ဋԋ௷ BECAUSEȞ౪Ҧȟ ࣐Π૗ᕋആኈбޠݦ൝Ȃٯй༮ആяኈбࢻᄲఅٲޠᢏདȂٻᢏ፭޲૗஋ৡܿޠ ໍΤኈбޠឋᚡ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ජඬᇅ༮ആ௒ძ ᗵܓޤᜌ੬ܓ Ӷܰឹޠ࿌ίȂւңឹኈᐡᜣᓟِ࡚ȃ΢ޑٗ՞ପဋܗڐуРԓ๊Ȃђ஽ܰឹ౫ ൠޠ௒ძਞݏ

⥫̒ཞჶଃ⩽

ڨ೥޲ E ණژಭᄜឹኈᐡϟࡤȂᄈܼឹኈᐡᇅ΢ ϟ໣ཽ౱ҢΚᆎདញȂഇႇ೼ᆎདញٿຠզೞឹᄈ ຬ࢑֐ᎍӬȂӱ࣐ೞឹᄈຬޠঐ΢੬፵ᄈܼܰឹޠ ႇโཽԥ࡟τޠኈ៫Ȅ

ԙⱓ

୙ᒯӤኻ឵഻ܼആܓ೏౪ޠΚᆎႇโȂഇႇखᓄ бϏձ޲ᄈܼτ໕ષ؆ޠጢ௷ȃ೏౪ȂӱՅԫഌӌ ஡ᇅ୙ᒯԥᜱޠࣻᜱᗵܓޤᜌᘫ᜹ܼԫȄ

࢞ⳍഛᦸㆺጁ

୙ᒯရҐ࢑Κঐ؛ۢኈбॴੀІٗӪޠ२्ഌ ӌȂڨ೥޲ A ཽഇႇရҐτᆫٿ೤დ୙ᒯޠࢻโȂ ٯйಭᄜ஡ᖑॲȃॲ዆ᇅฬ८ΚӤ୙ᒯȂ࣐Π૗ᡲ ॲ዆ၮᓎฬ८ޠ࿾࠸Ȅڨ೥޲ C ᇅڨ೥޲ F ࣲᇰ࣐ ҦܼՍϐٯߩऌੳяٙȂӱՅӶኈбॴੀ֖౫αၷ ϛ݃ᡘȂӼљཽ୥ՄܛᎨ᠟ႇޠਫᝳܗᢏ፭ႇޠኈ бȂዂҾڐϜޠ୙ᒯРԓȇӶϛӤޠ௒ݸίȂپԄ ਣ໣ޠᔇΩȂཽߵٻखᓄбϏձ޲׾ᡑኈбޠ୙ᒯ РԓȄ

⎞డ̳झ̔᱿ᝄⳇ

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐୙ᒯस૗ԥڎঐ΢пαȂၷ૗ᗘռ ႇ࡚ടΤኈбޠ୙ᒯϟϜȂѠ୥Մڐу΢ޠཏُȂ ٯйԥଇ፤ޠޫ໣Ȅڨ೥޲ F ᇰ࣐ȂᇅӤᏕпІኈ ჌Ϗձ޲໣ޠଇ፤Ϥ୞Ȃ૗஋ᕖூᄈܼષ؆೏౪ᇅ ጢ௷ޠఃึȂ૗ᔔֆၱ಴ႇܼ൑።ޠ೏౪РԓȄ

(15)

56 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α

Ң˟

Ґःف஡ଷΠȶષ؆ȷȃȶᢏᘉȷȃȶܰឹȷڸȶ୙ ᒯȷпѵޠഌӌᘫ᜹ܼԫȂپԄၦߝޠ።࡚ᇅᕖڦȂ ܗ࢑፞Ԅึ՘๊ၷ࣐ᖆᅴޠഌӌȄӶԫഌӌޠޤᜌ ᄈܼखᓄбҼڏԥᖟ٘ሇ२ޠኈ៫Ȅ

≙⸇⡕ჶ≛ش⳼᱿ːʶ᧎

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐ଷΠᇅೞឹ޲Ґٙޠྜྷ೾ϟѵȂӤ ኻሰ्Մ໕ೞឹ޲ڻ᎐ᕘძޠޒݸȂሰ्ຝ࿌ਣ௒ݸ л୞௦ដڐуڻ᎐ޠ΢Ȃܗ࢑೏౪ڻ᎐ϛӤޠޒݸȄ

⫏⸉⦲ಙ⎞᪀ח

ڨ೥޲ A ᇰ࣐ၦߝ࢑؛ۢखᓄб૗஋୉ژϨቅ โ࡚ޠ२्ӱષȂႇџᗚ࢑ᏱҢਣၷϛሰ्ᐋЗܰ бޠၦߝٿྜȇկ౴ཿяަཽпࡤȂሰ्ӊᒧ௦ ᙐϮޠ਱φٿ༔໲ܰбܛሰޠၦߝȄڨ೥޲ C η ᇰ࣐ᏱҢਣ෉ϛሰ्Մ໕ၦߝޠ።࡚ȂӼљ࢑౴ ཿпࡤȂሰ्Ꭽ຀௦ΚٳϏ୧ࣁ୞ޠ਱φٿ༔໲ၦ ߝȇηᇴ഻݃ձᇅ༔໲ၦߝ࢑Ӥਣໍ՘ޠȂ഻ձܛ ሰޠၦߝ҇ሰӊᒧڐу୧ཿܓ፵ኈбޠၦߝٿМ እȄڨ೥޲ E ᇰ࣐ঐ΢ޠձࠣߓ౫ᄈܼၦߝޠᕖ ڦԥ࡟τޠֆઊȂस࢑ঐ΢खᓄбޠԚᕽԥԂޠ ߓ౫Ȃၷৡܿᇅࣻᜱ൑՞࡛ҴକӬձޠᜱ߾ȂӶ ၦߝޠٿྜᆔၿαԥӬᎍޠڟֆȄጢጇ๗ݏԄߓ 8 ܛұȄ ߓ 8! ၦߝ೏౪ϟᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓ IFȞ௒ძȟ ഻ձᇅ୧ཿԥਣ঑࢑ϸ໡ޠȂԄե҂ᒌᇨձኈбޠԞМȉ THENȞձݳȟ Ҧܼڨ೥޲є֥ყ໦Ϗձࡊޠनෂȃηԥঐ΢ᑀҴޠޒݸȂؑᆎनෂޒݸԥڐစ ᕋޠРԓȂկӼ኶ޠ௒ݸഎ࢑ᙥҦ௦਱φٿᎵ഻ձ BECAUSEȞ౪Ҧȟ ഻ձԥਣ঑Ѭ࢑ᅗ٘Սϐޠ౪དྷȂٯϛ࢑ܛԥ഻ձഎ૗ႁژ୧ཿޠਞݏ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ၦߝ።࡚ᇅᕖڦ ᗵܓޤᜌ੬ܓ ᔘூ๢ңҐٙޠᓻ༗ȂҨ፝ȃᕖڦኈбᇨձܛሰޠၦߝȂܗ࢑ԥӬᎍޠၦߝԋ௷ ።࡚

≒⨿᱿⦓ᵧ

ڨ೥޲ B ᇰ࣐ኈбޠᙛណϛ૗ӓ᠍һ๞ᙛណϵѨ ೏౪Ȃखᓄб࿌ϜѠ૗ԥ೩Ӽ஠ԥܗ੬ੇޠᇮّȇ ଷΠᇅᙛណ޲ԥًԂޠྜྷ೾ϟѵȂഷԂՍϐη૗ڏ റ٘஋ޠᙛណᇰޤȂпؒᙛណޠᆡጃܓȄ

ര↲⎞⡕ჶ≛᱿᳈⚠

ڨ೥޲ D ᇴ݃Ӷखᓄбܰឹ๗؃ࡤᇅೞឹ޲ޠࣻ ೏η࡟२्ȂҦܼߞਣ໣ޠܰឹȃࣻ೏Ȃϑစᡲೞ ឹ޲ಭᄜᇅܰឹ޲ޠࣻ೏ȂЏڐ࢑ϊࡇᇅԒߞޠߞ ᎇȂᄈܼ೼ᆎ΢ᇅ΢ޠ௒དၷ࣐ఄདȂ܂܂Ӷܰឹ ׈ȃ௦ដਣ໣෶ЎϟࡤȂೞឹ޲ཽ౱Ңѷဤདȇڨ ೥޲ E ᇰ࣐೼࢑҇ดޠ౫ຬȂଷߩܰឹ޲ࡼ៊ᜱݨ ࣻӤឋᚡȃࡠӶࣻӤޠൠ஀Ȃп၏ឋᚡձ࣐ঐ΢ޠ л्഻ձȂϘԥѠ૗၍؛೼ኻޠ೏ძᇅޒݸȄᆤӬ αख़Ȃཋᐍ࣐пίᗵܓޤᜌޠ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓȂԄߓ 9Ȉ

(16)

ߓ 9! ᑀҴखᓄбᇨձϟᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅ੬ܓ ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ ੬ܓඣख़ ᖓདྷષ؆ᇅڐуٲޑޠᜱ ᖓܓ ૗஋ජඬષ؆ᇅڐуٲޑޠᜱᖓܓȂٯ௄Ϝ൷׳ӬᎍޠϹΤᘉȂձ ࣐ኈбᄻࡧᇅ᡺དޠึདྷȄ ஊᎵષ؆ޠᇰޤ ᄈષ؆ޠᇰޤϛ٘ȂӱՅሰഇႇτ໕ޠᇕ໲ȃ௦ដષ؆ȂᡲՍϐؗ ੕Ӷષ؆ޠ௒ძ࿌ϜȂቩђᄈષ؆ޠఄདȄ ࡛Ҵ߭Ӊᜱ߾ ҦܼӼ኶ڨ೥޲ޠܰឹᄈຬӼпȶ΢ȷ࣐лȂӱՅଷΠዤோᇅ௦ដ ϟѵȂη҇໹ᇅϟึ৥ًԂޠ߭Ӊᜱ߾Ȅ ܦ৥ષ؆ޠ۾៊ܓ ࣐Πᡲձࠣ૗஋ڏԥ౐࡚ȃٯй૗ڨژ२ຝȂᡲܛ௥ଇޠឋᚡϛ༊ Ѭ࢑൑ΚޠٲӈȂՅ૗ٻڐᡑԚΚقӗ۾៊ޠឋᚡȂ૗ోᇑၷኅހ ޠቺ८Ȅ ષ؆ ષ؆ޠ᡺ࣁᔗң Ӷષ؆८ᖞԚҐՄ໕ܗ׳൷֩ᜳ๊ޠ௒ძȂܰឹ޲ཽၽңڐуષ؆ ٿ෈хȄ ᢏᘉޠፑऐܓ ᢏᘉޠፑऐє֥ϲৡϜِՔᇅڐуٲޑޠፑऐȃܗܛණٽޠᢏᘉᄈ ަཽቌঅ౱Ңፑऐ๊Ȃᡲኈбึදڐѓ૗ܓޠңഋܗ৥౫ᔜቒޠਞ ݏȄ ᢏᘉ ၿ኉ޠՄ໕ ֖౫ᢏᘉޠӤਣȂηሰচ៬ঐ΢ၿ኉ޠᆱៗഌӌȂпߴៗೞឹ޲ϛ ཽڨژኈ៫Ȅ ᄈፚޠఄད࡚ Ӷܰឹ෉໣ජඬፚၘޠөঐಡ࿾Ȃ௄τ໕ޠፚၘϜᘞڦ२ᘉȄ ࡛Ҵܰឹ޲ᇅೞឹ޲Ӕᜌ ܰឹ޲ᇅೞឹ޲ϟ໣ሰႁԚ࢛ᆎโ࡚ޠӔᜌȂٻኈбܰឹႇโ໸ւ ໍ՘໸ւȄ ජඬᇅ༮ആ௒ძ Ӷܰឹޠ࿌ίւңឹኈᐡᜣᓟِ࡚ȃ΢ޑٗ՞ȃପဋܗڐуРԓ๊Ȃ ђ஽ܰឹ౫ൠޠ௒ძਞݏȄ ܰឹ ຠզܰឹᄈຬ ӶܰឹޠႇโຠզٯցᘟೞឹᄈຬᎍӬᇅ֐Ȃᡲᅟߞޠܰឹႇโூ п໸ւໍ՘Ȅ ༮ആኈбॴੀ ഇႇ୙ᒯޠКݳȂٿጃۢኈбޠॴੀȄ ୙ᒯ ᇅϏձჲգޠྜྷ೾ ୙ᒯޠႇโस૗ԥӔӤޠଇ፤ᄈຬȂԥֆܼኈбޠߓႁІ֖౫РԓȄ Մ໕ೞឹ޲ڻ᎐ޠ΢ٲޑ ᇅೞឹ޲ڻ᎐ޠ΢ٲޑໍ՘ྜྷ೾Ȃпጃߴኈбޠໍ࡚૗஋໸ւໍ՘Ȅ ၦߝ።࡚ᇅᕖڦ ᔘூ๢ңҐٙޠᓻ༗ȂҨ፝ȃᕖڦኈбᇨձܛሰޠၦߝȂܗ࢑ԥӬ ᎍޠၦߝԋ௷።࡚Ȅ ᙛណޠᇰޤ ࣐Πᡲኈбޠᙛណ૗ຯߗ঩ཏȂܰឹ޲Ґٙᄈᇮّȃᙛណηሰԥܛ Π၍Ȅ ڐу ࡤ៊ᇅೞឹ޲ޠࣻ೏ ኈб׈ԚϟࡤȂᇅೞឹ޲ࡼ៊ᆱࡼᜱ߾Ȃܗ࢑ӱ࣐ڐуϏձՅϛூ ϛᇅೞឹ޲౶ሊȂ௵ңӬᎍޠᄙ࡚ᔗᄈȄ ߓ 10 ࣐ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅНᝧࢻโޠᄈྲ๗ݏȇཏ ࡿᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲Ӷ࢛ٳࢻโ࿌Ϝ᎐ႅޒݸȂഇ ႇጢጇᘫાՅ౱Ңᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ȂӱՅᄈᔗӶНᝧ ࢻโϜȂᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲Ӳ๏ڐ८ᖞޠޒݸȂࢉ ӶϛӤ໧ࢳޠᇨձࢻโڏԥϛӤ᜹࠯ᗵܓޤᜌޠਗ਼ ΤȂ጑ᓟޠഌӌȂߓұڨ೥޲ਗ਼Τܼ၏ձཿ໧ࢳޠ ᗵܓޤᜌȄ

(17)

58 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α ߓ 10! ᑀҴखᓄбᇨձϟᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯ᇅࢻโ

ᗵܓޤᜌ᜹࠯

ᇨձࢻโ

ᖓདྷષ؆ᇅڐуٲ

ޑޠᜱᖓܓ

ஊᎵષ؆ޠᇰޤ

࡛Ҵ߭Ӊᜱ߾

ܦ৥ષ؆ޠ۾៊ܓ

؆

ષ؆ޠ᡺ࣁᔗң

ᢏᘉޠፑऐܓ

ၿ኉ޠՄ໕

ᄈፚޠఄདܓ

࡛Ҵܰឹ޲ᇅೞឹ

޲Ӕᜌ

ජඬᇅ༮ആ௒ძ

ܰ

ຠզܰឹᄈຬ

༮ആኈбॴੀ

ᇅϏձჲգޠྜྷ೾

Մ໕ೞឹ޲ڻ᎐ޠ

΢ٲޑ

ၦߝ።࡚ᇅᕖڦ

ᙛណޠᇰޤ

ڐ

у

ࡤ៊ᇅೞឹ޲ޠࣻ

᩸Ἴ₊⻞ᦸ⢌̳ᙟỄʠわඖᵧ⨯᱿᪀חᅞೣ

ӶᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦޠഌӌȂ຀२ܼᑀҴखᓄбϏձ ޲Ԅեؗ੕Ӷᇅखᓄбࣻᜱޠ௒ძڸ૖๝Ȅԫഌӌ ஡ᘫાڨ೥޲ፚ፤ԥᜱঐ΢ԄեஊᎵᇅึ৥खᓄб ޤᜌȂໍՅϲϾ࣐ՍٙޠᗵܓޤᜌȂၽңܼखᓄб ᇨձޠࢻโ࿌ϜȄҦܼڨ೥޲ޠᏱစᐤनෂࣲϛࣦ ࣻӤȂӱՅӶखᓄбࣻᜱޤᜌޠᕖڦഌӌѠ૗ཽԥ ٳ೩ϛӤȇկӶ࢛ٳР८Ȃ࢑ڏԥӔ೾ܓޠȂҐः فՍ೥ፚၦਠϜᐍ౪ᗵܓޤᜌᕖڦޠРԓᇅ੬ᘉȄ

ʻՒણ∳

Ϥ୞Ᏹಭޠഌӌє֥ڎঐ྆܉ȈӤᏕଇ፤ᇅ፝ఁ ஠ঢ়Ȅڨ೥޲ A ᇅ B ӶτᏱਣх߰ϑԥኈ჌ࣻᜱޠ ஆᙄ׭೛ޤᜌȂໍΤҔ೤ఁيᡞقϟࡤഃᅛ༮ആᜱ ܼखᓄбޠ྆܉ܓޤᜌȇՅڨ೥޲ E ᇅ F Ӷґ᐀ԥ ׭೛ஆᙄޠ௒ݸίໍΤҔ೤ఁيᡞقȂΞ࢑ഇႇᇅӤ Ꮥϸٵȃଇ፤࡛ᄻखᓄбޠஆᙄȇڨ೥޲ C ຀२ܼঐ ΢Ս՘ᄦસȂᙥ຀৵ፚܗኈ৥๊ϵ໡ܓޠࣁ୞ȂӪᏳ ᅌࠊᎇ፝ఁᆎᆎୱᚡȂഃᅛ༮ആखᓄбޠᇰޤȄ ࿾ҭᄻࡧ ᡺དȃҢࣁᡞᡜȃ൭ᡞ ҥഐ።ࢦ лᚡःفȃлᚡᢏᄇȃःفൣ֚ ᝱დܰбٲۤ ِՔޠۢ՞ȃၦߝޠ༔໲ȃႲᆘޠᔤۢ ౫ൠජඬ Ϗձᙜଡ଼ޠϸପȃᏣ؆ၿڏޠජඬȃᏳᅌޠۢ՞ȃ ׭೛ޠᄃଡ଼ᐈձȃखᓄбޠឹኈजᏱȃ౫ൠޠᄃଡ଼ ८೥ ೞܰឹᄈຬޠঘ౪ୱᚡȃ೥ୱႇโޠජ௢ȃ ೞܰឹ޲ޠฬ८ᇅᖑॲ೪ۢ ୙ᒯ౪፤ޠ ᇰޤ ୙ᒯޠ঩ࠍ ᐍᡞ๗ᄻ೪ۢȃฬ८ȃ ᖑॲȃॲ዆ȃᙛណ ୙ᒯ೪റޠ ጃۢ ጤܓʝߩጤܓ Սשࡈ༉ȃېଋึ՘ȃႬຝክ࢏ȃ Ⴌኈክ࢏ȃө᜹ኈ৥

(18)

ϝʑણ

ณ፤࢑Ҕ೤ఁيᡞقܗڐуȂࣲ຀२ܼᄃርίҥ ഐȃᄃርᐈձᇅጜಭޠႇโȂᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲҇ ໹Ꭽ຀ߞਣ໣йτ໕௄ٲөᆎኈ჌ࣻᜱޠϏձȂජ ඬឹኈᐡޠདញȂึ௩অூ௥فޠឋᚡܗ࢑ᇅϛӤ ᄈຬޠࣻ೏๊Ȅ

ञ⸇࿲⤯ഛЭ໣ሬ‣ᾀ⫏᜺

ᑀ Ҵ ख ᓄ б Ϗ ձ ޲ ཽ ᙥ Ҧ τ ໕ ޠ ᢏ ፭ ኈ ჌ ձ ࠣȂ௄ϜᏱಭኈбөঐಡ࿾ޠ׭ѾȂپԄӶϸᜣȃ ِՔޠԋ௷ȃᜣᓟޠಌ୞๊྆܉ܓᇅ׭೛ܓޠഌ ӌȂᙥ຀ߞਣ໣ޠᢏ፭ՅഃᅛϲϾ࣐ঐ΢ޠᇰޤȄ Ӷਫᝳޠഌӌࠍ࢑ԥᒶᐆܓޠᎨ᠟ȂپԄڨ೥޲ D ୒ԂᎨ᠟ԥᜱᏳᅌᇨձኈбޠစᡜȂпձ࣐ᄈྲᇅ ୥ՄȄ

૾Ꮘᵧ⨯⋍ᇓ

ڨ೥޲ႇџޠ஠ཿޤᜌनෂᄈܼखᓄб഻ձαࣲ ཽԥኈ៫ȄپԄڨ೥޲ A ޠᏱစᐤȂᄈܼኈ჌ࣻᜱ ޠ׭೛ᐈձᇅࢻโαࣲϑࣻ࿌ዤጜȇڨ೥޲ D ޠҥ ഐ።ࢦଌጜȂߵٻڐᜱݨަཽឋᚡᇅަୣӵРឋᚡ ๊ȇՅڨ೥޲ E ᇰ࣐ႇџኅ֚ᇅᐤѭޠᏱᐤनෂȂ ԥֆܼڐձࠣӶᇴࢉٲαޠ๗ᄻ׈ᐍȇڨ೥޲ F ᇰ ࣐ڨႇџ༉ክᏱᇅަཽᏱᏱᐤनෂޠኈ៫Ȃԥֆܼ ௄༉ክᏱ౪፤ᢏᘉᄈަཽ৶༗ឋᚡໍ՘؂ڏ๗ᄻԓ ޠᇴ౪Ȅ

⃌⧄⎞೘⩀

Ґःفޠҭޠл्࢑௥ଇᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲Ӷᇨ ձखᓄбࢻโϜޠᗵܓޤᜌȂഇႇ೥ፚȃཋᐍ೥ፚ ၦਠȃጢጇᘫાःف๗ݏࡤȂᇴ݃пίःف๗፤Ȉ Κȃ ᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲ޠᇨձࢻโؐ᡾࢑ϛᘟһϤ ໍ՘ޠȂӶᑀҴखᓄбޠᇨձࢻโϜȂؑঐ໧ ࢳܗձཿ२ᘉ҇໹ᕘᕘࣻԛȇپԄӶҥഐޠӤ ਣཽӤਣᄻࡧঔ׾঩ۗޠရҐτᆫȂٯйࡧՄ Ꮳ؆೪റȃ୙ᒯ೪റȃ୙ᒯКݳ๊ȄҔԄеኒ ཐȞ2003ȟܛණژ᛻೛഻ձޠႇโȶᢏᄇʖᡞ ᡜʖདྷ჌ʖᒶᐆʖಣӬʖߓ౫ȷȂӶໍ՘өঐࢻ โؐ᡾ޠӤਣȂϬ҇໹ࡼ៊ϛᘟӵໍ՘ࡧՄڐ уޠഌӌȄ Ρȃ ӶखᓄбᇨձࢻโϜȂᡘܓޤᜌєࢃਫᝳȃኈ ჌ȃ፟โ๊ȇՅᗵܓޤᜌࠍ࢑Ϗձ޲ܛᗵ֥ޠ ޤᜌȂᙥҦᇨձࢻโޠᡘܓޤᜌஆᙄȂໍՅп खᓄбޠ഻ձםԓ֖౫яٿȄӱԫΚഌखᓄб ޠ֖౫Ȃ࢑ሰ्ᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲֝Ԟѵࣩᡘ ܓޤᜌȂໍ՘ঐ΢ޠ౪၍ࡤȂᙥ຀ߞਣ໣ޠᇨ ձࢻโᐈձȂഷಥᙾᡑ࣐ঐ΢ܛ֖౫ܼखᓄб ޠםԓȇڴᔗ PolanyiȞ1969ȟϟᢏᘉȂ΢᜹ܛ ԥޠޤᜌϛ࢑ᗵܓޤᜌȂ൸࢑਴ෛܼᗵܓޤᜌȄ ήȃ ҦܼႇџԥᜱखᓄбᇨձࢻโޠНᝧȂӼ஡ฑ ᘉ຀२ܼؑঐᇨձࢻโޠ໧ࢳᔗ࿌ໍ՘঻ٳؐ ᡾ȃᔗ၏ݨཏ঻ٳಡ࿾ᇅ२ᘉȂґԥ௥ଇखᓄ бϏձ޲ᗵܓޤᜌޠࣻᜱःفȄҐःفစᄃᜍ ᗵܓޤᜌጢጇРԓࡤȂᘫાᑀҴखᓄбᇨձࢻ โϟᗵܓޤᜌϥঐጓᛠᇅ 17 ঐ᜹րȂєࢃȶષ ؆ȷȃȶᢏᘉȷȃȶܰឹȷȃȶ୙ᒯȷȃȶڐуȷޠᇨձ ࢻโጓᛠȂህпጢጇРԓ IF-THEN-BECAUSEȂ ٻፚၘڏԥȶ௒ძȷȃȶ୉ݳȷȃȶ౪Ҧȷޠ๗ᄻ ܓ፵ȄഷಥѠᘫાя 17 ᆎᗵܓޤᜌޠ᜹࠯Ȃє ࢃȈᖓདྷષ؆ᇅڐуٲޑޠᜱᖓܓȃஊᎵષ؆ ޠᇰޤȃ࡛Ҵ߭Ӊᜱ߾ȃܦ৥ષ؆ޠ۾៊ܓȃ ષ؆ޠ᡺ࣁᔗңȃᢏᘉޠፑऐܓȃၿ኉ޠՄ໕ȃ ᄈፚޠఄདܓȃ࡛Ҵܰឹ޲ᇅೞឹ޲Ӕᜌȃජ ඬᇅ༮ആ௒ძȃຠզܰឹᄈຬȃ༮ആኈбॴ ੀȃᇅϏձჲգޠྜྷ೾ȃՄ໕ೞឹ޲ڻ᎐ޠ΢ ٲޑȃၦߝ።࡚ᇅᕖڦȃᙛណޠᇰޤȃࡤ៊ᇅ ೞឹ޲ޠࣻ೏๊ȂѠණٽԥעܼखᓄбϏձ޲ ୥ՄȄ ѳȃ စҦНᝧޠۢဏȂᗵܓޤᜌϛ༊ྜՍܼঐ΢Ȃ ηሰ्๗Ӭ௒ძڸ૖๝ۗூп৥౫ȞHowells, 1996ȟȂηєࢃᜳп༉ሏڸಌᙾޠ੬ܓȞEraut, 2000; Gourlay, 2002ȟȄҐःفᆤӬϥ՞ᑀҴख ᓄбϏձ޲ޠᇴݳȂᘫાяᗵܓޤᜌޠ᜹࠯Ȃ ԥֆܼᐍᡞܓޠජඬᑀҴखᓄбᇨձࢻโϜѠ ૗᎐ႅޠ௒ძȂ૗஋ᡲུКٟഁᕤ၍ٯٸᐄϛ Ӥ᜹࠯ޠޤᜌȂ຀२ܼ၏᜹࠯ޤᜌޠᕖڦȂٯ ϲϾ࣐ঐ΢ޠᗵܓޤᜌȄ ϥȃ ᗵܓޤᜌ࢑Ӷᄃ፻ႇโϜܛತᑗޠစᡜܓޤᜌ ȞSternberg,1999ȟȇᑀҴखᓄбϏձ޲ᙥ຀ӤᏕ ܗ৲ߞϟ໣ޠϤ୞ᏱಭȂ࡛ҴҐٙᄈܼષ؆ȃ

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60 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α ᢏᘉȃܰឹȃ୙ᒯ๊ᗵܓޤᜌጓᛠޠᇰޤȄစ Ҧ୉ϜᏱђ౐ঐ΢ᄈܼөঐᗵܓޤᜌጓᛠޠජ ඬȂٯഇႇτ໕௦ដኈ჌ܗਫᝳ๊ၦྜȂ௄Ϝ ᕖڦу΢ޠစᡜᇅޤᜌȂпձ࣐Սϐޠᄈྲܗ ୥ՄȂഷಥᙾᡑ࣐ঐ΢Ӷ഻ձαޠ֖౫Ȅঐ΢ ஠ཿޤᜌनෂࠍోᇑႇџߞਣ໣ޠ஠ཿስ஀ଌ ጜȂᄈܼखᓄбޠ֖౫ηԥ२्ޠኈ៫Ȅ ҐНᄃᜍ IF-THEN-BECAUSE ޠᗵܓޤᜌጢጇР ԓȂѠңܼᒲᜌᑀҴखᓄбᇨձࢻโϟᗵܓޤᜌ᜹ ࠯ȇηѠණٽᄈखᓄбԥᑺ፹޲ԥਞජඬखᓄбᇨ ձ׭೛ȂூпٟഁໍΤखᓄбޠስ஀ȄӤਣȂޤᜌ ޠ๶ڦःفܛ࡛ᄻޠޤᜌᆎ᜹ᇅ੬ܓȂѠٽޤᜌަ ཽІޤᜌᆔ౪ࣻᜱስ஀୥ՄȄ

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Zhang, Y. (2004). Styles, subjects, and special points of view: A study of contemporary Chinese independent documentary. New Cinemas, 2(2), 119-135. ϣߕӑȃ؄ၿ݃ȃ؄ݩࢷȞ1998ȟȄखᓄбޠܰឹ ձཿȄеኒཐጢ຀ȂНϾखᓄбःଇ༙໲Ȟ֥௳ ፟ᙐᓄȟȂ89-113ȄѯіҀȈ՘࢈ଲНϾ࡛೪ې সཽȄ ϣߕ࿆Ȟ2004ȟȄႇโȃϏڏᇅཏעȄ᛻೛ᢏᘉȂ 21Ȃ24-29Ȅ Р๽ȃ஼ు๽ȃࢪݾϧȃጿԈȃԨᝌৎȞ2004ȟȄ ፤ᗵܓޤᜌȄᘮ໩৲ጓτᏱᏱൣȞަཽऌᏱޏȟȂ 28Ȟ2ȟȂ27-32Ȅ еࣃᄕȞ2003ȟȄᐍӬ୾ϲखᓄбϟȶህֆȃ௱ኅ І ߴ ԇ ȷ ൣ ֚ ਫ Ȅ 2007 Ԓ 12 У 20 С Ȃ ڦ Ս Ȉ http://www.gio.gov.tw/public/Attachment/44916303 571.doc еኒཐȞ1998ȟȄखᓄбޠࠊဋձཿȄеኒཐጢ຀Ȃ НϾखᓄбःଇ༙໲Ȟ֥௳፟ᙐᓄȟȂ61-88Ȅѯ іҀȈ՘࢈ଲНϾ࡛೪ېসཽȄ еኒཐȞ2003ȟȄѯᢋखᓄбޠ᜹࠯ึ৥ᇅϸݚ˕ ˕пBill Nicholsޠϳᆎዂԓ࣐ःفஆᙄȄኅክᇅ ႬຝȞ࢈τȟȂ20Ȃ1-33Ȅ еኒཐȞ2006ȟȄ1960-2000Ԓᇄᢋखᓄбޠึ৥ᇅ ަཽᡑ᎑Ȅеኒཐጢ຀Ȃᇄᢋ࿌хኈ჌˕˕௄ख ᄃژᄃᡜ1930-2003ȄѯіҀȈӤൊȄ ԨᅵȞ1988ȟȄखᓄኈбȄԨᅵጢ຀ȂႬኈႬຝ᜞ ڑȄѳώȈѳώऌᏱ׭೛Ȅ ՕᅮȞ2007ȟȄ୾бᓹᓟ៨ཿϛӕȂᑀҴᇨб෭ᔟ ћ՞Ȅ2007Ԓ8У26СȂڦՍȈhttp://tc.gio.gov.tw/ ct.asp?xItem=54258&ctNode=219 տվЊȞ2006ȟȄ՚Рखᓄб഻ձޠजᏱଢؒ˕˕ ᢏኟ୾ርᕖዪखᓄбԥདȄႬຝःفȂ2006Ȟ2ȟȂ 62-63Ȅ ؄ݩࢷȞ2002ȟȄӓෂᏱࣃޠ፜Ң˕˕ᇄᢋखᓄб ޠᗎ༗ᢏᄇȞ1990-2000ȟȄႬኈݡ፭Ȃ20Ȟ3ȟȂ 18-27Ȅ ؄࡛๽Ȟ2006ȟȄ20зख90ԒхᑀҴښձखᓄбޠ ੬ᘉȄႬኈНᏱȂ2006Ȟ01ȟȂ18-19Ȅ ؄થȃ஼໡૧Ȟ2007ȟȄᗵܓޤᜌޠᇰޤ๗ᄻȄ෺ ࠓ৲ጓτᏱަཽऌᏱᏱൣȂ4Ȃ38-41Ȅ ؄ၿ݃Ȟ2000ȟȄӶ໩ѯαᅌᗀޠႬኈϏձ޲˕˕ চፚשܰަཽၽ୞खᓄбޠစᡜȄ؄ၿ݃ጢ຀Ȃ ѯᢋखᓄбःفਫҭᇅНᝧᒶ໲ȞίȟȞखᓄб ᇅަཽၽ୞ьȟȂ346-358ȄѯіҀȈ՘࢈ଲНϾ ࡛೪ېসཽȄ ؚࢻȞ2000ȟȄखᓄбȄؚࢻጢ຀ȂϜѵኈຝτ᜞ ڑȄіٶҀȈϜ୾ኅክႬຝȄ ۞ኋहȞn.d.ȟȄӕ౫Ȅ2007Ԓ9У15СȂڦՍȈ http://www.wordpedia.com/search/Content.asp?ID=5 253 ݔԢݎȞ2002ȟȄኈຝखᓄбᇨձȄіٶҀȈϜ୾ ኅክႬຝȄ ࢳ࡛୾Ȟ2007ȟȄུਣ෉खᓄб഻ձޠ௒དঢݚᇅ ࡧસȄ࿌хႬຝȂ9Ȃ70-71Ȅ ।ਐ๽Ȟ2008ȟȄٗӪޤᜌޠᓷཽᆱ࡚Ȅ2008Ԓ5 У13СȂڦՍȈhttp://www.ptext.cn/home4.php?id =2330 ଼՚ԈȞ1990ȟȄखᓄѯᢋ˕˕൷׳ኈ჌ޠҢڽΩ ˕˕஠ᚡྃЖȈᜱܼ౫ຬϸݚʝঐ਱Ϯख़Ȅеኒ ཐȃ؄ၿ݃ȃ஼݀࡞ȃᑌߩܿጢ຀Ȃѯᢋखᓄб ःفਫҭᇅНᝧᒶ໲Ȃ154-160ȄѯіҀȈ՘࢈ଲ НϾ࡛೪ېসཽȃଓყݳ΢ႬኈၦਠᓣȄ ஼࡛لȃ؄ϊ҂Ȟ2007ȟȄ፤ᗵܓޤᜌІڐᕖڦ૗ ΩޠஊᎵȄޫॗႫႁᏱଲᏱൣȂ21Ȟ1ȟȂ73-75Ȅ ஼໰ݡȞ2004ȟȄӕ౫ȶ൭Ϯ઎ᄃȷ˕˕ȶ઎ᄃӕ ౫ȷޠѠ૗ܓڸӬ౪ܓȄ౫х༉ክȂ2004Ȟ4ȟȂ 54-58Ȅ ஼អȃ஼ЎឡȞ2006ȟȄȶϜ෬ѯᑀҴᇨձޠҢԇ ޫ໣ȷःଇཽࡤଅȄ2007Ԓ10У18СȂڦՍȈ http://www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20060415_76_1 20914.html ചথȞ2002ȟȄԄեᇨձखᓄбȄኈຝ׭೛ᇅ᛻೛Ȃ

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62 Journal of Library and Information Science 34ņ2ŇΚ42 – 62ΰOctober, 2008α 2002Ȟ3ȟȂ81-86Ȅ ఘҞ߀Ȟ2007.07.02ȟȄѯᢋखᓄб˕˕՗ᇅౌȂᖓ ӬൣȄ ൑࿳٩Ȟ2001ȟȄखᓄႬኈНᝧȄіٶҀȈϜ୾ኅ ክႬຝȄ ෭ඐ॒Ȟ2002ȟȄखᓄбजᏱޠӼ२८ӪȄႬኈݡ ፭Ȃ20Ȟ2ȟȂ57-61Ȅ ᆹЉಉȞ2006.09.17ȟȄ௄खᓄбُࣽѯᢋҢڽΩȂ Ϝ୾ਣൣȄ ቔు߈Ȟ2005ȟȄᙜൠϜঐ΢ᗵܓϏձޤᜌϸٵϟ ࠊᏳःفȄᕘ౩׭೛Ᏹଲऌ׭΢НᏱёȂ1Ȃ 29-48Ȅ ᗻᘏ᝻Ȟ2002ȟȄᄈखᓄбӕ౫઎ᄃᢏ܉ޠӕࡧՄȄ ԱងަཽऌᏱȂ2002Ȟ2ȟȂ205-208Ȅ ᜎЉȃݔࡧዔȞ2007ȟȄѯᢋखᓄбޠԚߞᇅ౫ޒȄ Ϝ୾ႬຝȂ3Ȃ49-54Ȅ ᡲȆԾྑᅮȃտృȞ2006ȟȄखᓄб࢑ΚᆎࡧՄޠ Рԓ˕˕ݳ୾fipa Ȟॵ۵ȟ୾ርႬຝ࿾બਫߞ Certeau, M. D.೥ፚᓄȄϜ୾ႬຝȂ2006Ȟ2ȟȂ53-55Ȅ

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