高齡者使用觸控介面績效之研究
77
0
0
全文
(2)
(3) . 高齡者使用觸控介面績效之研究 中. 中文摘要 今 予. 人. 化人. 口. 分. 、化. 上. 予. ？ 2. 予 : 太. top. 上. 4 手太. 4.7 6. 8. 10. double. 12 mm. 9.6 ？3. tap and drop. 予 予. 比. 比 且. 今. 比. 12mm 予. 予. 太. 手太. 日及. 予. i. 5.
(4) . Research on the performance of the touch panel interface for elders Author: Ya-Han, Cheng Adviser: Yu-Hung, Chien. ABSTRACT Daily life in the modern era requires frequent use of touchscreen technology applications. As the technology has developed, changes in screen size have influenced the way most people use touch panels. A variety of Internet of Things (IoT) applications have also been developed for smart devices with Internet connections. Such applications mean that older individuals (elders) can potentially make use of digital devices both for communications purposes and to obtain adequate care. In this study, we investigated elders touch panel performance through an interface operation experiment and questionnaires to better understand elders usability requirements for touchscreen applications. The experiment primarily analyzed the effects of the following factors on elders touch panel performance: screen size (4.7” and 9.6”); touch target size (circles of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm in diameter); and gesture type (tap, double tap, and drag and drop). Through an analysis of the Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, we explored elders visual-motor integration skills. Results showed that as individuals age, their visual-motor integration skills deteriorate. Still, screen size has no influence on elders performance on touch panel interfaces. However, larger touch target sizes are preferred, with circles of 12 mm in diameter recommended. Simpler gestures, such as the tap gesture, are more suitable for elders. Our findings indicate that elders find it more difficult to perform the double tap than the drag and drop.. Keywords. elders, screen size, touch target size, interface operation. ii.
(5) . 目錄 ············································································· i ············································································ ii 仍 ················································································· iii ·················································································· v. 」. ················································································· vi 入. ········································································· 1 ······················································ 1. -. 支 ················································ 4 。 ······················································ 5 ··································································· 6. -. ························································· 6 -. ························································ 10 ························································ 11 ························································ 13 ································································· 15 ······························································ 15. -. ······························································ 20 ······························································ 21 ······························································ 24 水 ····················································· 30 ························································ 31 ························································ 31. -. ·················································· 35 iii.
(6) . ·················································· 40 ··············································· 46 ············································ 51 ；. ························································ 52 ······························································ 55. ···································································· 56 -. ···································································· 58 ··········································································· 60 ·································································· 60. -. ·································································· 62. 仍. 66. 仍-. 比. 68. 仍. 比. ············ 69. iv.
(7) . 表次 」 1-1 2015. IDC. ··························· 2. 」 3-1 SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB. ······························ 25. 」 3-2 LG GOOGLE NEXUS 4. ··································· 26. 」 4-1. ······················································ 33. 」 4-2. ······················································ 34. 」 4-3. t. (1) ··························· 36. 」 4-4. t. (2) ··························· 37. 」 4-5. t. (1) ··························· 38. 」 4-6. t. (2) ··························· 39. 」 4-7. t. (1) ··························· 42. 」 4-8. t. (2) ··························· 43. 」 4-9. t. (1) ··························· 44. 」 4-10. t. (2) ·························· 45. 」 4-11. (1) ··················· 47. 」 4-12. (2) ··················· 48. 」 4-13. (1) ··················· 49. 」 4-14. (2) ··················· 50. 」 4-15. 比. ··············································· 51. 」 4-16. 比. ··············································· 51. 」 4-17. 予. ； ····················································· 53. 」 4-18. 予. ； ····················································· 54. v.
(8) . 圖次 2-1 IDC 2011. 2015. ················· 8. 以. 2-2 2014. 」 ··························· 9. 2-3. ；. 3-1. 夕. 比-. ·········································· 11 ？. 3-2. ······························································ 16. 3-3. ······························································ 17. 3-4 Parse 3-5. 主. 3-6. ·················································· 18 ······························································ 19 ······························································ 23. 3-7 SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB E 9.6 3-8 LG GOOGLE NEXUS 4 3-9. WIFI. ·· 25 ······················· 26. ······························································ 27. 3-10. ······················································· 29. 3-11 ；. ······················································· 29. vi. ························· 16.
(9) . 入 主. 人. 上 主. 予. 世 3 -. 支. 。. 3. 今. 主. 主 且 今. 今. iphone. 子. 以. 且. 人. 月 2015. 、 10.4% Android 3 15.6%. 」 1-1 2015. 主. 2015. 3 81.1%. Andorid. 1. iOS 才.
(10) . 」 1-1 2015. IDC. (. OS 2015 2015 2015 2019 2019 2019 5. ). Android 1,164.3. iOS 223.7. Windows 36.9. Others 11.5. Total 1,436.5. 81.1%. 15.6%. 2.6%. 0.8%. 100.0%. 9.9%. 16.1%. 5.8%. -15.5%. 10.4%. 1,541.9. 269.6. 67.8. 23.0. 1,902.3. 81.1%. 14.2%. 3.6%. 1.2%. 100.0%. 5.0%. 3.3%. 12.8%. 8.6%. 5.1%. 7.8%. 7.0%. 14.2%. 11.0%. 7.9%. 予. 士 以. 3 21. 65 2017. 士 2,354 313. 9,397. 4,189. 13.33. ， 0-14. 13.31. 口. 2. 2. 65 313. 3,699 口.
(11) . Moseley Dessinger. 2007 、. 三. 、. 上 太. 3.
(12) . -. 支. 之 ％. 支. 3. (. ). 予. 予. 」 (-). -. 支 (. ). 」 1.. 予. 」. 2.. 予. 」. 3.. 予. 」. (-) 1.. 比 VMI. 」. 2.. ；. 4.
(13) . 。. 寸 。. 支 3 (. ) 70. (-). -. 。 文 3 (. ). 。. 3. 。. 日化 主 (-). 。 。 予. ；、；. 3 元. 5.
(14) . -. 日. 尤. 3. 主 今. Tsai. 2015. 21. －. 已 戶 比. 予. 2004. 。. 主. 予 戶. 6. 且.
(15) . Norman. Nielsen. 2010 支: 1.. 女 不. :. 之. 予. 予. 2.. :. :」. 3.. 予. 反. 中. 」. 4.. ：. ：. 乏. 中. 太六. 上 、. 5.. 中 予. 中. 予. 日. 之 Canalys 2014. 口之且 5. 66% 以 4. 34%. 才 5. 3. 之 Appier 4.7- 4.9. ，. 2014. 、 47%. 28% 4.7. 3. 7.
(16) . 2-1 IDC 2011. 2015. 以. IDC Taiwan. IDC. Phablet. 」 ， 2014. 2014. 2015. iPhone 6. 」. 14%. 32.2%. 2. －. 月 Kantar Worldpanel ComTech. 2014. 1. 升 升. 日及. 42%. 8.
(17) . SAMSUNG GALAXY Tab E 9.6 4.7. 士 9.6. 2-2 2014. 」. Kantar Worldpanel ComTech. 9. 2014.
(18) . 之 Huang. Lai 2007. 7. 力 ，. 及. 1. 比 Fitts. 主. 、. 士. 士. 士. 士. 口. 下. 士. 。太 Fitts Law 1976. Shannon formulation. Beaton. 1964. 1989. Mackenzie, 1989. Weiman. 不. Langolf ! = a + % &'() 1 +. 日. 予. + ,. 1. .. 1984. 及 口. 及. 口. 予. 及. 口. 士 2008. 予. 且. Yong. 士 2002. 及. 且. 太. 不. 且. 主及 及. 10. 予.
(19) . 及 且. Renaud. van Biljon 2008. ；. Technology Acceptance and Adoption Model 主 incorporation. ；. Barnard. 2013. 夕. Senior. 2-3. STAM. STAM objectification. acceptance or rejection. 主. ；、. 、 不 ；. 予. ；. 主. ； 又. ；. 寸. 不. 2-3. ； Renaud 11. van Biljon. 夕 2008.
(20) . 之 STAM ，. 予. 予. 上. Saffer 2009 1. 太. tap to select. to scroll. 4. 三. 2.. 4. 予. slide to scroll. 3.. spin. 引. flick to nudge. 分. 日. 3. Wobbrock, Myers, and Aung 2008. 予. pick-and-drop. 予 copy-paste. 予. Hascoet throw. 2003 （. Chang. Collomb & Hascort, 2008. Collomb and Blanch. tap. 2004. （. drag-and-. push-and-throw. 2014. 」 scale ？. drag-and-drop. drag and move. 予 引 rotate. 太 tap. 二. tap and drop. ％. 12. 手太 double.
(21) . International Organization for Standardization, ISO. 士 1998. 。. ISO 9241-11 Guidance on Usability. :. 3. 士. Krug 2000. 且. 內. :. 寸 、. Vatavu. ？. 3. 2015. 士8. 了. 了. 介. ） 比. 了 水. 5. ；. ，. 太 上予. 5. 」；. 」. 太. 」. 4. 了. 士. 了. 比. 3. 予 、. ）. 」. 、. 上. 太. 、. 士. 手太 13. 太.
(22) . 了. ，了. 寸. 之大 ./. ). + ⋯ + .1. ). 太. 14. -. ). =.
(23) . 寸 水. 3. 之. ，. 3. 日. 支. 支 少％. 日 予 以不. The Berry. 比. Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration 1998. 比 又. ，. ；. 比. 24 比. 0.87. 0.93. 3-1. 15. 上「. 10.
(24) . 比. ？ 1998. 2 4 太. tap. ；. 手太 予. 6. 8. 10. 2. ；. 12mm. double tap. 5. tap and drop. 60. 3. 3-2. 比. ；. 又. /. /. 2. /. ；/ 比. (. ；. 3-2. 16. 49. ；. ).
(25) . LINUX Android 5.1 Parse. JAVA 叉也. 力 3. 也. Android. 予. ：. API. 3-3. ，. Subject APP Development Click. Double Click. Drag and Drop. Android API Level MotionEvent. TouchEvent. OnTouchEvent. OnDragListener. Driver Parse SDK. API Servers. Core Servers. Android OS Linux Support 3-3 17. 也.
(26) . Parse Facebook. Y Combinator. 2013. 升 Parse. Parse. BaaS, Backend as a Service iOS Android Javascript PHP .NET. 力 ， Parse. Parse. 口之. 3-4. 3-4 Parse 主 tap. 少％. tap and drop 3 Android API Level. OnDragListener 4. 手太 double. Android. MotionEvent. function. 太 tap. 主. 18. TouchEvent 3-5. OnTouchEvent.
(27) . 3-5. 主. 19.
(28) . -. 65. 口. 今. 心切工 三. 之化. -WHO. 主. World Health Organization. 工. 2016. ？ 66. 士. 79. 80. 三. 2016. 、 70. Miyagi, Minatani, and Nagaoka. 99. 41.1%. 之 Watanabe,. 2008. 70. 80. 75% 70. 2017 70. 尺. 70. -. 25. 口. 予. 60. 上 2940. 20. 24. 49. ；.
(29) . 3 日. (3). 支. (6). (4). 士 (8). (10). 日. 3. 中. 支. 日 日. 寸. (5). 3-6. 」. 中. 支. 乎 支. (2). (7). (9)少％. 寸. :(1)寸. 乎. 中. 寸. 中. 寸. 叉也. -. 尤 (2). 主 (4). 予. 3 (3). 乎. :(1). 也. 比 日. 主予. 21. ；.
(30) . 上 少％ 上叉也 小. 月. 主. SPSS23. 公. ？. 日. 方. ，. 之 中 中. 22.
(31) . 寸 日 支. 士. 少％. 3-6. 23.
(32) . 尤. 主 3. 口之且 2011. 2014. 4.7. 二. SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB E 9.6. 9.6. WIFI. 3-7. TFT. 1,280 x 800 pixels LG GOOGLE NEXUS 4 4.7. 3-8 1,280 x 768 pixels. 」 3-2. 24. 」 3-1.
(33) . 3-7 SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB E 9.6. WIFI. 」 3-1 SAMSUNG GALAXY TAB. (. ). 主(ROM). Android 4.4 8GB 5 太. TFT 32. 9.6 1,280 x 800 pixels. 241.9mm(. ). 149.5mm(. ). 8.5mm( 490g( 予. ) ). GOOGLE 及. 25. /.
(34) . 3-8 LG GOOGLE NEXUS 4 」 3-2 LG GOOGLE NEXUS 4. (. ). 主(ROM). Android 5.0 16G 5 太. True HD IPS+ 32. 4.7 1280 x 768pixels. 133.9mm(. ). 68.7mm(. ). 9.1mm( 138g( 予. ) ). GOOGLE 及. 五. 26. /.
(35) . 24 49. 25. ；. ；. APP. 也. 也 予. APP. ； 予. ； 2. 3. 1. ；. APP. 5 60. 上 ；. 2. 太. 49. 2940. ；. 也. 支. 之. ； 比. 比 3-9. 又. APP. 也. /. /. ； / 60. ；. 也. 3-9 27. 上.
(36) . Vatavu. 之. 2015. 8 了. 了. ）. 介. ）. 比. 比. 」 ，. 了. 了. 比. 、 5. 2. ；. 中. 口. 仍. 上 tap 、. 了 double tap. 手太. 」. 中. 月. 5. 2. ； 仍太. 了. ，. 太六. 0.2 mm. 了. 、. 大. tap and drop T IP. W 比. A 」. 士 太. ； 手太. 3. 比 3-10. 3-11. 28. ；.
(37) . 3-10. 3-11 ；. 29.
(38) . 水 主 SPSS. 主 口. 口. t. 士. 3. 口. -. 口. 士 /. ？. 太. 予. 比 t. . 口. 予. 口. 且. 予. 口. 且. 且. -. 月. 口之. 且 且. 予. 口. 30.
(39) . 70. 支. SPSS. 之. ； 3. 口. 3. 25 13. 口 52%. 12. 24 10. 口 48% 14. 口 41.7%. 31. 口 58.3%.
(40) . 70~79 口 56% ，. 80~89. 20~29 30~39. 10. 口 40%. 21. 2. 口 87.5% ，. 口 8.3%. 24. 口 96%. 1. 口 4% 87.5%. 14. 21 3. 口. 口 12.5%. 3. 24. ，. 口 96% HTC 1. 口 4%. IPHONE. 9. 口 37.5% ，. 6. 口 25%. 3 ，. ANDROID ANDROID 9. 口 12% 15. 口 62.5% 口 37.5%. 32. IOS.
(41) . 口 22. 口 88%. 8%. 1. 3. 2. 1. 3. 口 4% 23. 1. 口. 口 95.8%. 1. 口 4.2%. 」 4-1 (%). 口. 70~79 80~89 90~99. HTC ，. ANDROID ， 1 3 :n=25. 33. 13 12 14 10 1 1 24 1 24. 52 48 56 40 4 4 96 4 96. 3. 12. 22 22 1 2. 88 88 4 8.
(42) . 」 4-2 口 14 10 21 2 1 3 21 1 1 1 1 6 9 5. 20~29 30~39 40~49. LG SONY MOTO HTC IPHONE ， IOS ANDROID 1 3. 9 15 1 23. :n=24. 34. (%) 58.3 41.7 87.5 8.3 4.2 12.5 87.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 25 37.5 20.8 37.5 62.5 4.2 95.8.
(43) . -. ； t. 五. 3. 」 4-3 太. 予. 4-4. 太. 4mm. 且 -. 太. 2 手太 、. 且. ，. 、 1. 手太. 6mm. 且. 12mm. 太. 且. ， -. 12mm. 且. 主. 手太. 太. 、. ，. 」 4-5 、. 4-6. 太. 且. -. 太. 手太 手太. 3. 、且 4mm. 且. 3. 且. 4mm. 2手. 手太. 12mm. 且. 主 、. 口之且 、. 35. 太 ，. 手太.
(44) . 4-3. t. (1). stage1. phone. 04. time. 1. N 24. M 71.16. SD 38.68. N 25. M 261.08. SD 175.10. p 0.000*. stage1. phone. 06. time. 1. 24. 62.29. 37.09. 25. 310.52. 306.93. 0.000*. stage1. phone. 08. time. 1. 24. 61.62. 36.61. 25. 349.76. 286.11. 0.000*. stage1. phone. 10. time. 1. 24. 64.08. 44.32. 25. 408.76. 450.70. 0.001*. stage1. phone. 12. time. 1. 24. 67.66. 54.13. 25. 342.40. 313.99. 0.000*. stage2. phone. 04. time. 1. 24. 230.20. 40.07. 25. 561.04. 1083.47. 0.142. stage2. phone. 06. time. 1. 24. 219.62. 44.20. 25. 399.08. 266.02. 0.002*. stage2. phone. 08. time. 1. 24. 216.95. 37.60. 25. 435.60. 327.03. 0.003*. stage2. phone. 10. time. 1. 24. 223.00. 37.03. 25. 379.04. 109.22. 0.000*. stage2. phone. 12. time. 1. 24. 212.25. 39.12. 25. 377.68. 106.62. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 04. time. 1. 24. 1190.58. 956.93. 25. 1315.12. 1197.15. 0.690. stage3. phone. 06. time. 1. 24. 1071.29. 865.90. 25. 1090.64. 863.55. 0.078. stage3. phone. 08. time. 1. 24. 1235.25. 922.00. 25. 1144.64. 971.66. 0.335. stage3. phone. 10. time. 1. 24. 1216.29. 638.61. 25. 965.16. 783.12. 0.226. stage3. phone. 12. time. 1. 24. 1077.83. 678.36. 25. 1584.40. 1324.42. 0.099. p<0.05. 36.
(45) . 4-4. t. (2). stage1. phone. 04. time. 2. N 24. M 64.04. SD 43.70. N 25. M 316.88. SD 300.09. p 0.000*. stage1. phone. 06. time. 2. 24. 64.54. 38.47. 25. 317.56. 365.46. 0.002*. stage1. phone. 08. time. 2. 24. 61.62. 36.20. 25. 421.56. 496.70. 0.001*. stage1. phone. 10. time. 2. 24. 69.70. 47.98. 25. 284.76. 212.00. 0.000*. stage1. phone. 12. time. 2. 24. 140.83. 303.64. 25. 349.64. 425.75. 0.055. stage2. phone. 04. time. 2. 24. 228.50. 48.86. 25. 333.20. 78.80. 0.000*. stage2. phone. 06. time. 2. 24. 228.66. 44.26. 25. 645.12. 1497.81. 0.180. stage2. phone. 08. time. 2. 24. 219.45. 40.96. 25. 432.64. 336.22. 0.003*. stage2. phone. 10. time. 2. 24. 210.25. 38.82. 25. 400.32. 261.74. 0.001*. stage2. phone. 12. time. 2. 24. 208.16. 32.80. 25. 350.12. 92.45. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 04. time. 2. 24. 1448.04. 1440.21. 25. 1040.08. 869.48. 0.234. stage3. phone. 06. time. 2. 24. 1103.41. 844.09. 25. 1253.72. 1003.85. 0.574. stage3. phone. 08. time. 2. 24. 1053.70. 657.29. 25. 802.76. 690.27. 0.199. stage3. phone. 10. time. 2. 24. 1181.62. 650.59. 25. 1004.32. 784.83. 0.859. stage3. phone. 12. time. 2. 24. 1080.04. 829.13. 25. 1286.72. 958.35. 0.424. p<0.05. 37.
(46) . 4-5. t. (1). stage1. pad. 04. time. 1. N 24. M 69.83. SD 34.54. N 25. M 257.84. SD 191.44. p 0.000*. stage1. pad. 06. time. 1. 24. 62.54. 25.21. 25. 463.88. 887.03. 0.033*. stage1. pad. 08. time. 1. 24. 59.54. 23.30. 25. 301.24. 280.67. 0.000*. stage1. pad. 10. time. 1. 24. 65.20. 41.12. 25. 284.96. 217.39. 0.000*. stage1. pad. 12. time. 1. 24. 68.54. 41.99. 25. 454.64. 606.31. 0.004*. stage2. pad. 04. time. 1. 24. 214.62. 29.76. 25. 358.60. 79.83. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 06. time. 1. 24. 213.00. 32.51. 25. 346.40. 74.29. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 08. time. 1. 24. 219.79. 31.54. 25. 337.36. 93.00. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 10. time. 1. 24. 211.20. 30.03. 25. 367.24. 92.91. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 12. time. 1. 24. 208.16. 27.01. 25. 340.44. 54.33. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 04. time. 1. 24. 1758.58. 1104.09. 25. 1229.04. 1089.72. 0.098. stage3. pad. 06. time. 1. 24. 1294.75. 587.57. 25. 1489.96. 1405.31. 0.527. stage3. pad. 08. time. 1. 24. 1271.58. 602.69. 25. 1407.88. 2581.07. 0.802. stage3. pad. 10. time. 1. 24. 1242.04. 603.33. 25. 1160.92. 1048.40. 0.743. stage3. pad. 12. time. 1. 24. 1337.00. 687.01. 25. 1702.56. 1514.93. 0.281. p<0.05. 38.
(47) . 4-6. t. (2). stage1. pad. 04. time. 2. N 24. M 64.62. SD 24.20. N 25. M 313.12. SD 283.81. p 0.000*. stage1. pad. 06. time. 2. 24. 60.04. 38.73. 25. 295.84. 225.87. 0.000*. stage1. pad. 08. time. 2. 24. 59.25. 24.46. 25. 333.08. 268.39. 0.000*. stage1. pad. 10. time. 2. 24. 66.79. 51.84. 25. 305.24. 272.28. 0.000*. stage1. pad. 12. time. 2. 24. 117.08. 212.60. 25. 228.40. 308.66. 0.029*. stage2. pad. 04. time. 2. 24. 215.58. 40.09. 25. 335.60. 53.26. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 06. time. 2. 24. 210.00. 37.08. 25. 447.16. 291.61. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 08. time. 2. 24. 205.16. 30.11. 25. 380.84. 133.64. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 10. time. 2. 24. 211.66. 34.38. 25. 348.00. 130.03. 0.000*. stage2. pad. 12. time. 2. 24. 211.83. 38.80. 25. 443.20. 519.96. 0.035. stage3. pad. 04. time. 2. 24. 1464.54. 598.85. 25. 3429.68. 12198.79. 0.435. stage3. pad. 06. time. 2. 24. 1373.79. 640.33. 25. 1663.48. 1512.95. 0.386. stage3. pad. 08. time. 2. 24. 1189.58. 449.28. 25. 1397.76. 1387.94. 0.482. stage3. pad. 10. time. 2. 24. 1205.50. 769.19. 25. 1244.00. 1235.36. 0.897. stage3. pad. 12. time. 2. 24. 1363.08. 802.30. 25. 1916.36. 2100.05. 0.229. p<0.05. 39.
(48) . t. t. DC Ip 0. 4-7. 4-8. 4mm. 1 12mm. 1. 10mm. 6mm. 8mm. 2 3. 4mm 3. 4mm. 12mm. 40.
(49) . 4-9. 4-10. 8mm. 1 12mm. 1. 4mm. 6mm. 10mm 3. 2 3. 12mm. 41. 4mm.
(50) . 4-7. t. (1). stage1. phone. 04. DC. 1. N 24. M 3.50. SD 9.79. N 25. M 5.94. SD 6.75. p 0.313. stage1. phone. 06. DC. 1. 24. 1.77. 1.21. 25. 6.99. 11.59. 0.033*. stage1. phone. 08. DC. 1. 24. 2.35. 1.23. 25. 7.31. 7.73. 0.004*. stage1. phone. 10. DC. 1. 24. 2.53. 1.26. 25. 6.53. 8.00. 0.021*. stage1. phone. 12. DC. 1. 24. 3.16. 2.47. 25. 5.53. 5.53. 0.062. stage2. phone. 04. DC. 1. 24. 1.57. 0.78. 25. 15.70. 19.95. 0.002*. stage2. phone. 06. DC. 1. 24. 2.00. 0.52. 25. 11.33. 11.45. 0.000*. stage2. phone. 08. DC. 1. 24. 2.21. 0.69. 25. 11.49. 12.62. 0.001*. stage2. phone. 10. DC. 1. 24. 2.63. 0.94. 25. 12.22. 16.22. 0.007*. stage2. phone. 12. DC. 1. 24. 2.87. 0.91. 25. 10.04. 13.51. 0.014*. stage3. phone. 04. Ip. 1. 24. 0.005. 0.031. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 06. Ip. 1. 24. 0.004. 0.003. 25. 0.001. 0.002. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 08. Ip. 1. 24. 0.003. 0.002. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 10. Ip. 1. 24. 0.002. 0.001. 25. 0.001. 0.001. 0.002*. stage3. phone. 12. Ip. 1. 24. 0.004. 0.003. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. p<0.05. 42.
(51) . 4-8. t. (2). stage1. phone. 04. DC. 2. N 24. M 4.55. SD 10.30. N 25. M 5.97. SD 10.20. p 0.631. stage1. phone. 06. DC. 2. 24. 3.78. 5.26. 25. 7.64. 10.58. 0.115. stage1. phone. 08. DC. 2. 24. 3.31. 1.12. 25. 8.64. 12.90. 0.051. stage1. phone. 10. DC. 2. 24. 3.31. 0.99. 25. 10.12. 13.63. 0.020*. stage1. phone. 12. DC. 2. 24. 5.59. 7.23. 25. 5.29. 4.47. 0.684. stage2. phone. 04. DC. 2. 24. 2.38. 0.92. 25. 14.91. 17.39. 0.001*. stage2. phone. 06. DC. 2. 24. 2.75. 0.88. 25. 13.93. 15.24. 0.001*. stage2. phone. 08. DC. 2. 24. 3.33. 0.83. 25. 10.81. 12.21. 0.005*. stage2. phone. 10. DC. 2. 24. 3.37. 0.88. 25. 9.15. 11.69. 0.021*. stage2. phone. 12. DC. 2. 24. 4.08. 1.02. 25. 7.27. 6.44. 0.022*. stage3. phone. 04. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.002. 25. 0.001. 0.002. 0.235. stage3. phone. 06. Ip. 2. 24. 0.003. 0.003. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 08. Ip. 2. 24. 0.003. 0.002. 25. 0.001. 0.002. 0.000*. stage3. phone. 10. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.002. 25. 0.001. 0.002. 0.016*. stage3. phone. 12. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.002. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.010*. p<0.05. 43.
(52) . 4-9. t. (1). stage1. pad. 04. DC. 1. N 24. M 1.47. SD 1.15. N 25. M 17.63. SD 28.32. p 0.009*. stage1. pad. 06. DC. 1. 24. 1.34. 1.18. 25. 17.55. 30.10. 0.013*. stage1. pad. 08. DC. 1. 24. 1.76. 1.17. 25. 11.33. 28.56. 0.107. stage1. pad. 10. DC. 1. 24. 2.38. 1.67. 25. 15.75. 30.78. 0.040*. stage1. pad. 12. DC. 1. 24. 2.61. 1.68. 25. 7.75. 15.69. 0.117. stage2. pad. 04. DC. 1. 24. 1.34. 1.18. 25. 20.89. 27.07. 0.001*. stage2. pad. 06. DC. 1. 24. 1.39. 1.02. 25. 23.32. 29.84. 0.001*. stage2. pad. 08. DC. 1. 24. 1.51. 1.16. 25. 24.44. 37.60. 0.006*. stage2. pad. 10. DC. 1. 24. 1.73. 1.16. 25. 16.60. 25.82. 0.008*. stage2. pad. 12. DC. 1. 24. 2.31. 1.31. 25. 20.14. 29.75. 0.006*. stage3. pad. 04. Ip. 1. 24. 0.003. 0.001. 25. 0.000. 0.000. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 06. Ip. 1. 24. 0.003. 0.001. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 08. Ip. 1. 24. 0.004. 0.002. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 10. Ip. 1. 24. 0.004. 0.004. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 12. Ip. 1. 24. 0.002. 0.001. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. p<0.05. 44.
(53) . 4-10. t. (2). stage1. pad. 04. DC. 2. N 24. M 2.86. SD 1.40. N 25. M 18.05. SD 33.35. p 0.032*. stage1. pad. 06. DC. 2. 24. 2.76. 1.60. 25. 15.17. 35.26. 0.092. stage1. pad. 08. DC. 2. 24. 3.45. 1.40. 25. 11.90. 22.13. 0.069. stage1. pad. 10. DC. 2. 24. 4.08. 1.86. 25. 6.31. 11.61. 0.353. stage1. pad. 12. DC. 2. 24. 5.71. 7.55. 25. 11.78. 20.49. 0.175. stage2. pad. 04. DC. 2. 24. 2.28. 1.04. 25. 22.67. 28.42. 0.001*. stage2. pad. 06. DC. 2. 24. 2.39. 1.16. 25. 21.95. 37.78. 0.016*. stage2. pad. 08. DC. 2. 24. 2.71. 1.28. 25. 21.51. 34.71. 0.012*. stage2. pad. 10. DC. 2. 24. 3.42. 1.34. 25. 26.93. 38.74. 0.006*. stage2. pad. 12. DC. 2. 24. 3.80. 1.35. 25. 29.26. 39.70. 0.004*. stage3. pad. 04. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.002. 25. 0.003. 0.001. 0.006*. stage3. pad. 06. Ip. 2. 24. 0.003. 0.002. 25. 0.000. 0.000. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 08. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.001. 25. 0.000. 0.000. 0.000*. stage3. pad. 10. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.002. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.001*. stage3. pad. 12. Ip. 2. 24. 0.002. 0.001. 25. 0.000. 0.001. 0.000*. p<0.05. 45.
(54) . SF. 4-11. 1. 4-12 12mm. 1. 12mm. 4mm. 12mm. 2 3. 4mm. 4mm. SF. 4-13. 1. 12mm 1. 2. 4mm. 12mm 4mm. 12mm. 4-14. 4mm. 4mm. 46. 3.
(55) . 4-11. (1). stage1. phone. 04. SF. 1. N 24. M 17(70.8%). SD 7(28.0%). N 25. M 7(29.2%). SD 18(72.0%). p 0.003*. stage1. phone. 06. SF. 1. 24. 20(69.0%). 4(20.0%). 25. 9(31.0%). 16(80.0%). 0.001*. stage1. phone. 08. SF. 1. 24. 23(69.7%). 1(6.3%). 25. 10(30.3%). 15(93.8%). 0.000*. stage1. phone. 10. SF. 1. 24. 23(60.5%). 1(9.1%). 25. 15(39.5%). 10(90.9%). 0.003*. stage1. phone. 12. SF. 1. 24. 23(56.1%). 1(12.5%). 25. 18(43.9%). 7(87.5%). 0.024*. stage2. phone. 04. SF. 1. 24. 16(80.0%). 8(27.6%). 25. 4(20.0%). 21(72.4%). 0.000*. stage2. phone. 06. SF. 1. 24. 24(80.0%). 0(0.0%). 25. 6(20.0%). 19(100.0%). 0.000*. stage2. phone. 08. SF. 1. 24. 24(70.6%). 0(0.0%). 25. 10(29.4%). 15(100.0%). 0.000*. stage2. phone. 10. SF. 1. 24. 24(70.6%). 0(0.0%). 25. 10(29.4%). 15(100.0%). 0.000*. stage2. phone. 12. SF. 1. 24. 24(61.5%). 0(0.0%). 25. 15(38.5%). 10(100.0%). 0.001*. stage3. phone. 04. SF. 1. 24. 23(88.5%). 1(4.3%). 25. 3(11.5%). 22(95.7%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 06. SF. 1. 24. 22(73.3%). 2(10.0%). 25. 8(26.7%). 17(89.5%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 08. SF. 1. 24. 24(80.0%). 0(0.0%). 25. 6(20.0%). 19(100.0%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 10. SF. 1. 24. 21(67.7%). 3(16.7%). 25. 10(32.3%). 15(83.3%). 0.001*. stage3. phone. 12. SF. 1. 24. 24(68.6%). 0(0.0%). 25. 11(31.4%). 14(100.0%). 0.001*. p<0.05. 47.
(56) . 4-12. (2). stage1. phone. 04. SF. 2. N 24. M 13(72.2%). SD 11(35.5%). N 25. M 5(27.8%). SD 20(64.5%). p 0.013*. stage1. phone. 06. SF. 2. 24. 16(69.6%). 8(30.8%). 25. 7(30.4%). 18(69.2%). 0.007*. stage1. phone. 08. SF. 2. 24. 19(59.4%). 5(29.4%). 25. 13(40.6%). 12(70.6%). 0.046*. stage1. phone. 10. SF. 2. 24. 21(60.0%). 3(21.4%). 25. 14(40.0%). 11(78.6%). 0.015*. stage1. phone. 12. SF. 2. 24. 20(52.6%). 4(36.4%). 25. 18(47.4%). 7(63.6%). 0.342. stage2. phone. 04. SF. 2. 24. 9(64.3%). 15(42.9%). 25. 5(35.7%). 20(57.1%). 0.175. stage2. phone. 06. SF. 2. 24. 16(66.7%). 8(32.0%). 25. 8(33.3%). 17(68.0%). 0.015*. stage2. phone. 08. SF. 2. 24. 20(69.0%). 4(20.0%). 25. 9(31.0%). 16(80.0%). 0.001*. stage2. phone. 10. SF. 2. 24. 24(61.5%). 0(0.0%). 25. 15(38.5%). 10(100%). 0.001*. stage2. phone. 12. SF. 2. 24. 23(62.2%). 1(8.3%). 25. 14(37.8%). 11(91.7%). 0.001*. stage3. phone. 04. SF. 2. 24. 12(75.0%). 12(36.4%). 25. 4(25.0%). 21(63.6%). 0.011*. stage3. phone. 06. SF. 2. 24. 21(87.5%). 3(12.0%). 25. 3(12.5%). 22(88.0%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 08. SF. 2. 24. 22(75.9%). 2(10.0%). 25. 7(24.1%). 18(90.0%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 10. SF. 2. 24. 21(70.0%). 3(15.8%). 25. 9(30.0%). 16(84.2%). 0.000*. stage3. phone. 12. SF. 2. 24. 18(62.1%). 6(30.0%). 25. 11(37.9%). 14(70.0%). 0.027*. p<0.05. 48.
(57) . 4-13. (1). stage1. pad. 04. SF. 1. N 24. M 17(81.0%). SD 7(25.0%). N 25. M 4(19.0%). SD 21(75.0%). p 0.000*. stage1. pad. 06. SF. 1. 24. 22(78.6%). 2(9.5%). 25. 6(21.4%). 19(90.5%). 0.000*. stage1. pad. 08. SF. 1. 24. 23(62.2%). 1(8.3%). 25. 14(37.8%). 11(91.7%). 0.001*. stage1. pad. 10. SF. 1. 24. 22(64.7%). 2(13.3%). 25. 12(35.3%). 13(86.7%). 0.001*. stage1. pad. 12. SF. 1. 24. 22(55.0%). 2(22.2%). 25. 18(45.0%). 7(77.8%). 0.076. stage2. pad. 04. SF. 1. 24. 18(90.0%). 6(20.7%). 25. 2(10.0%). 23(79.3%). 0.000*. stage2. pad. 06. SF. 1. 24. 20(87.0%). 4(15.4%). 25. 3(13.0%). 22(84.6%). 0.000*. stage2. pad. 08. SF. 1. 24. 24(72.7%). 0(0.0%). 25. 9(27.3%). 16(100.0%). 0.000*. stage2. pad. 10. SF. 1. 24. 23(71.9%). 1(5.9%). 25. 9(28.1%). 16(94.1%). 0.000*. stage2. pad. 12. SF. 1. 24. 24(66.7%). 0(100.0%). 25. 12(33.3%). 13(100%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 04. SF. 1. 24. 21(84.0%). 3(12.5%). 25. 4(16.0%). 21(87.5%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 06. SF. 1. 24. 22(88.0%). 2(8.3%). 25. 3(12.0%). 22(91.7%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 08. SF. 1. 24. 24(88.9%). 0(0.0%). 25. 3(11.1%). 22(11.2%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 10. SF. 1. 24. 22(84.6%). 2(8.7%). 25. 4(15.4%). 21(91.3%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 12. SF. 1. 24. 22(73.3%). 2(10.5%). 25. 8(26.7%). 17(89.5%). 0.000*. p<0.05. 49.
(58) . 4-14. (2). stage1. pad. 04. SF. 2. N 24. M 6(50.0%). SD 18(48.6%). N 25. M 6(50.0%). SD 19(51.4%). p 0.935. stage1. pad. 06. SF. 2. 24. 17(70.8%). 7(28.0%). 25. 7(29.2%). 18(72.2%). 0.003*. stage1. pad. 08. SF. 2. 24. 20(69.0%). 4(20.0%). 25. 9(31.0%). 16(80.0%). 0.001*. stage1. pad. 10. SF. 2. 24. 23(62.2%). 1(8.3%). 25. 14(37.8%). 11(91.7%). 0.001*. stage1. pad. 12. SF. 2. 24. 20(57.1%). 4(28.6%). 25. 15(42.9%). 10(71.4%). 0.071. stage2. pad. 04. SF. 2. 24. 9(69.2%). 15(41.7%). 25. 4(30.8%). 21(58.3%). 0.088. stage2. pad. 06. SF. 2. 24. 16(69.6%). 8(30.8%). 25. 7(30.4%). 18(69.2%). 0.007*. stage2. pad. 08. SF. 2. 24. 19(67.9%). 5(23.8%). 25. 9(32.1%). 16(76.2%). 0.002*. stage2. pad. 10. SF. 2. 24. 21(70.0%). 3(15.8%). 25. 9(30.0%). 16(84.2%). 0.000*. stage2. pad. 12. SF. 2. 24. 21(63.6%). 3(18.8%). 25. 12(36.4%). 13(81.3%). 0.003*. stage3. pad. 04. SF. 2. 24. 12(92.3%). 12(33.3%). 25. 1(7.7%). 24(66.7%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 06. SF. 2. 24. 22(81.5%). 2(9.1%). 25. 5(18.5%). 20(90.9%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 08. SF. 2. 24. 18(90.0%). 6(20.7%). 25. 2(10.0%). 23(79.3%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 10. SF. 2. 24. 18(75.0%). 6(24.0%). 25. 6(25.0%). 19(76.0%). 0.000*. stage3. pad. 12. SF. 2. 24. 20(71.4%). 4(19.0%). 25. 8(28.6%). 17(81.0%). 0.000*. p<0.05. 50.
(59) . ，. 2.08. ， 25.16. ，. 9.40. 1.04. t. 4-15. t N 25. 4-16. M 9.40. SD 2.08. M 25.16. SD 1.04. t N 24. 51.
(60) . 4. 4. 6. 8. 10. 12 mm. ，. 2. 3. ，. 2.48. 8 mm. ，. 10 mm. 4 mm. 4.70. .46. 4. .65. 5. ，. 6 mm. . 1.28. .45. ，. 1. 2. 2.87. ，. .44. 2. 3. 52. ，.
(61) . 2. 3. ，. 2.56. 8 mm. ，. 10 mm. 4 mm. 4.75. .44. 4. .65. 5. ，. 6 mm. . 1.28. .45. ，. 1. 2.87. .44. 2. 3. ，. 2. 4-18. ，. N. M. SD. 25. 2.48. 0.65. 25. 1.28. 0.45. 25. 2.56. 0.65. 25. 1.28. 0.45. 53.
(62) . 4-17. N. M. SD. 24. 4.70. 0.46. 24. 2.87. 0.44. 24. 4.75. 0.44. 24. 2.87. 0.44. 54.
(63) . ，. ，. ，. 49 24. 60. ， 49. 25 2940. 4. t. ，. ，. ，. ○. 55.
(64) . ？. ，. ，. 12mm. ，. 4mm. 3. ，. 12mm. 4mm. 12mm. ，. ，. ，. ，. 。. ，. 12mm. 56. ，.
(65) . ，. 24. ，. 25. 1 9. ，. ，. ，. 8 mm. ，. 4 mm. 10 mm. 6 mm. 12 mm. ，. 57. ，. ，.
(66) . ）. ）. 24. 4mm. 5. 。 3. ，. ，. 10. ，. ，. ，. 30. 。. ，. ，. ，. ○. ， 3. ， 3. ？. ？. 58. ，.
(67) . ，. ，. ， ， ，. 12mm. 12 mm. ， ，. 10. ，. ，. 59. ，.
(68) . Appier. 2014. 10 2015. 24. （. 3. 27. 4.7. http://www.appledaily.com.tw/a. ppledaily/article/headline/20141024/36165649/ Cooper. 2014. 5. 16. 2016. 4. 1. https://technews.tw/201. 4/05/16/a-third-of-smart-phones-shipped-in-q1-had-5-plus-displays HCI. Fitts Law. 2015. 2014. 12. 2015. 20. IDC Taiwan. 31. https://www.idc.com.tw/about/454.html. 2015. 2015. 12. 10. IDC. 2015 4. 12. http://blog.vgod.tw/2009/10/02/fitts-law/. IDC. 2009. ，. 1. 2016. https://www.idc.com.tw/about/466.html. 2017. 106 ). 10 2017. ( 03. 03. http://www.mo. i.gov.tw/stat/news_content.aspx?sn=11735&page=1 2012. 」 2016. 1. 31. 2012. 2060. http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/File. s/policy/2012/policy_12_037_2.pdf 2004. ，. 60.
(69) . 2015 15. 1. 1. 2015. 10.4%. 20. http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/Post/Read.aspx?P. ostID=11517 2016 %. 2016. 4. 1. 2016. 5.7 http://iknow.stpi.narl.org.tw/post/Read.. aspx?PostID=12227 2002. 2013. 」. 11(10) 27-34 2012 12. 31. 4G. 2015. https://mic.iii.org.tw/Industryobservation_MIC02. views.aspx?sqno=70 1998. -. 「. 11 663-710. 2016. 、. 9. 6. IDC. 2016. Phablet. iThome. http://www.ithome.com.tw/news/108283. 61. 2016. 4. 1.
(70) . Barnard, Y., Bradley, M. D., Hodgson, F., & Lloyd, A. D. (2013). Learning to use new technologies by older adults: Perceived difficulties, experimentation behaviour and usability. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), 1715-1724. Beaton, R. J., &Weiman, N. (1984). Effects of touch key size and separation on menu-selection accuracy. Portland, OR: Tektronix Corp. Library. Bourin, M., & Hascoet, M. (2003). The mouse light/dark box test. European Journal of Pharmacology, 463, 55-65. Canalys (2014, February 6). A third of smart phones shipped in Q1 had 5"plus displays. Retrieved January 15, 2014, from: https://www.canalys.com/newsroom/third-smart-phones-shipped-q1had-5-plus-displays Chang, K. H., Liao, H. F., Yen, C. F., Hwang, A.W., Chi, W. C., Escorpizo,. R., & Liou, T. H. (2015). Association between muscle power impairment and WHODAS 2.0 in older adults with physical disability in Taiwan. Disabil and Rehabilitation, 37, 712-720. Fitts, P. M., & Peterson, J. R. (1964). Information capacity of discrete motor responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 67, 103-112. Hascoet, M., Collomb, M., & Blanch, R. (2004). Evolution du drag-anddrop : Du modele d’interaction classique aux surfaces multi-supports. Revue I3, 4(2), 9-38. Huang, H., & Lai, H. H. (2007). Factors influencing the usability of icons in the LCD touch-screen. Displays, 29(4), 339-344. ISO (1998). ISO 9241-11: Guidance on usability. Retrieved December 24, 2015, from: http://www.it.uu.se/edu/course/homepage/acsd/vt09/I SO9241part11.pdf. 62.
(71) . Krug, S. (2000). Don’t make me think: A common sense approach to web usability. Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Press. Kantar Worldpanel ComTech (2014, August 8). ComTech Report: The l ast mile in smartphone buying. Retrieved July 17, 2014, from: htt ps://www.kantarworldpanel.com/global/News/The-last-mile-in-smartph one-buying Langolf, G. D., Chaffin, D. B., & Fouke, J. A., (1976). An invention of fitts' law using a wide range of movement amplitudes. Journal of Motor Behavior, 8(2),113-128. Mackenzie, I. S., (1989). A note on the information-theoretic basis for fitts' law. Journal of Motor Behavior, 21,323-330. Moseley, J. L., & Dessinger, J. C. (2007). Training older workers and learners: Maximizing the performance of an aging workforce. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.. Norman, D. A., & Nielsen, J. (2010). Gestural interfaces: A step backward in usability. Interactions, 17(5), 46-49. Renaud, K., & Van Biljon, J. (2008). Predicting technology acceptance and adoption by the elderly: A qualitative study. Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries: riding the wave of technology. ACM, 2008.. Tsai, H.-Y. S., Shillair, R., Cotten, S. R., Winstead, V., & Yost, E. (2015). Getting grandma online: Are tablets the answer for increasing digital inclusion for older adults in the U.S.? Educational Gerontology, 41(10), 695-709. Vatavu, R. D., Cramariuc, G., & Schipor, D. M. (2015). Touch interaction for children aged 3 to 6 years: Experimental findings and relationship to 63.
(72) . motor skills. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 74, 5476. Watanabe, T., Miyagi, M., Minatani, K., & Nagaoka, H. (2008). A survey on the use of mobile phones by visually impaired persons in Japan. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs, July 09-11, Linz, Austria Wobbrock, J. O., Myers, B. A., & Aung, H. H. (2008). The performance of hand postures in front- and back-of-device interaction for mobile computing. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 66(12), 857-875. Yong, S. P., Sung, H. H., Jaehyun, P., & Youngseok, C. (2008). Touch key design for target selection on a mobile phone. Proceedings from MobileHCI’08. ACM Press, 423-426.. 64.
(73) . 附錄. 65.
(74) . 附錄一 高齡者對於觸控螢幕大小、手勢型態與觸控尺寸之研究問卷 ，. ，. E-mail. 0983-987-850. E-mail ， 60171061h@ntnu.edu.tw !. ___________. 10~19 50~59 90~99. 20~29 60~69. Samsung LG iOS. 30~39 70~79. Sony Ericsson. Microsoft Android 1 1. v 66. 40~49 80~89. 2. MOTO HTC. 3. 3.
(75) . 12mm. 10mm. 8mm. 6mm. 4mm. 8mm. 6mm. 4mm. 12mm. 10mm. ， ____________ ____________. ，. ， ，. ，. ： ____________ □ ). (. ：. ，. 」. ，. ____________ ____________. 」. 67. !.
(76) . 附錄二. 68.
(77) . 附錄三. 69.
(78)
相關文件
Consistent with the negative price of systematic volatility risk found by the option pricing studies, we see lower average raw returns, CAPM alphas, and FF-3 alphas with higher
4-7 The photocopy of the letter of agreement between Business Incubation Center of Feng Chia University and the applied company over the operations and cultivations.. 4-8
4-7 The photocopy of the letter of agreement between Business Incubation Center of Feng Chia University and the applied company over the operations and cultivations.. 4-8
With the results of the literature review on cooperative learning of game design structures, this research examines the possibilities of applying the “Multi-Touch Control”
In the inverse boundary value problems of isotropic elasticity and complex conductivity, we derive estimates for the volume fraction of an inclusion whose physical parameters
identify different types of tourist attractions and examine the factors affecting the development of tourism in these places;.4. recognize factors affecting tourist flows and the
Wang, Solving pseudomonotone variational inequalities and pseudocon- vex optimization problems using the projection neural network, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 17
Two examples of the randomly generated EoSs (dashed lines) and the machine learning outputs (solid lines) reconstructed from 15 data points.. size 100) and 1 (with the batch size 10)
