從性別差異看兩性平等教育

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(4) ~. I ~o. ~ ,. fM.. 4m. ~ '=" ..aJ1 III 1 !Btl ~~~\llJ1+\ ulla. Iitt~§-< ~~1Iif :i;!::!~;ft~ ~~\ll@ ;1;l;1~~. $: l!! ~ ~ * ~. - ~:t:~~l4L\~«*1~. .~~.wr:¥~~.-.~-M.~~~ ~mWg$:~~~ ~ c--. im @:ttl ~ ~ ~ mW g. the ory). ' t€'& ~ ,. :l:Ii~Irf.M~!i(biological. ~c--·.fi.-lRIT~~~~.~Ml~m*~!!: ... I ' ff,).g~HIR ~JR[~ w~~m. :ttl~~~'~W~~*$,:t::W~~~. , ~lMlmt-~~~~~. ~~E1:g1]il\:dHllj(~. ~~~~-~~~~~~..J...ig~~,~ ~:i;!::!. ~~ -<g;;:~ ~~~ *~ . - ~ mtiD1)$iJ1m ~~. .-~e1lif:ttlil\:d~.*.~·::ftW~.. 0. @~.Margrate. ~-m:~HIR~~~~~.*~-~e~. ~~~.wr:~*~. Mead(1975) ~111~l!!!S~.f.fa~~$~-K - . ~111 ~.f.fa~.wr:~g 4t1*~~:iti~~~¢ ~ .. Arapesh.f.fa~*~mHIR~~II!Ij~~~g;;:~ 11i~~:ttl~•. -Mundn-gmor .f.faf~~*~ffi HIR ~ ~ 1I!Ij(~ ~m;ilEl1i~ HIR:i;!::! ~ • . . Tchambuli.f.fa~~.wr:~llil~~l£~!t:~~~ :ttl~~~¢~-HlR:i;!::!~.wr:~~~~:i;!::!~. ~.-~:ttl~~.wr:~~~HIR:i;!::!~.-~ l)E.~ MllEl1l* ~.m§;1;l;1+R¢~!!: :iti~~ ~~. I'. $~1!bl!Uf~'OM~$!!l:!iI~,!. ~Im°. I. (psychoanalytic theory). aHIR~~.$~.~.~o-m:~~.. ~~a~~~~~.$$.~~'.~. •. ~ ;m:1lll111~~ ~EIl1m~ K: ¥J~ m~:i;!::! ~. ~~:i;!::!~~fi~~-~g~:i;!::!~~~~. (*. ~~:i;!::!-~~W.~~~~~~~~~. • • ~~~~¥J~. ~~~.~~~-.~~~.~.~.. • ~:i;!::!~ ¢~ rnW~-m: &~1@:(identifi cation)~~W~~~ • -S~jl$$.wr:~ffiFc~ complex) - ~m~illIf1J. ~-~:i;!::!~~s.~. m~ m~~(Oedipus. ~mW-~.0~W.~~.~-JR[::ft ~-m:.1@:1@::i;!::!~~W~~ • • ·-S~jl$$ complex) iID(.wr:~ffiFc~m~~::><1li~i~(Electra. ¥J~~~-m:~1@:1@::iti~mW~~0W~. (g~~llI. :i;!::!;\t; ~~ 1~lffil( - ITJi77) • *@g::ft ~:i;!::! W1ll 1lI ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * rnW;W;: lMl ~:i;!::! ' ~fjg) - ~rnWm:m~~:i;!::!~.. $2 • • @ $11. (g~i\!¥w:;r). ~ H:j~~-Sjl$$~<l.rr~~. ~-~~:i;!::!~~~$B~~~m~~~. :i;!::!~~~*6-;m:~.~.~.~*~. -. ~tt<..J...i.wr:11IHl1~HIII(~~~. $ *ljg<l.rr - ~1)E.~ ~~~:iti ~{rrn~ *~~. ~W~~:i;!::!;m:~~~~*-~~~~~. -. ~~¢-JR[::ft¥J~*¥~~~.~~.. theory). ~~U[J[a:IH~III~ ~,!(sociallearning. ~~m·. III '. ~~JR[~!Rl ' rt~~. ~*~~~ (Maria Goeppert Mayer, 1906-1972) , ~ :It *:! ~ (Barbara McClintock, 1902 1992) •. §~~~~m~~~~~~-~g~~. ~ {nt1~-1W§ llil~H{rf,~ ~ltrl ~ 1li~~¥J -l¢. ff,).g~ ~~EIl1~:t!::! ~~~ rnWW~.~~. •. ~~~@~~~'m~~~~~E-$. ~W~-~-m:~~~.~~~.~:i;!::!~. ~::><m ~tnE.~ .~jl$$ tt.~~ :i;!::!~~. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. W~:i;!::!~~~·..J...i@~B.~~~--1W. ~~-~jl$$tt.~~:i;!::!~~~~-~.~. ~·~..J...i~.~B~~~~-~.~~. ~-.~*~:i;!::!~~-~~~~~'.. HlRjl$$tt.~~:i;!::!~~~~-~jl$$tt.~~:i;!::!. :lSmW:i;!::!tl;:~)gH{rf,iffi~. 1978) • ~::><m¥J.~~~. .~~W~E-~jl$$tt.@~~-~~m. ~~$HlRjl$$-~~~$~jl$$-~~~jl$$. ~~.~~~:i;!::!~~~~~~.-~g. ~ (S~.:ij1HEl!lUng:~tnE~~~1\~ii? S~~~.~~:ij11)E.ii?~) • ::ft:t:: - Bandura&~~~~EIl14)l~-m:~. W~II!Ij(S~llil~l)E.ii?~~.wr::i;!::!~~~~ ~. ~.-1WGB~~~ltrl~~W-.~~~. ~~~rnW~~. ~~~~(Fagot,. ~B-1W§.wr:~~~ltrl~ • • -~~~~ • ~~=~-< (ITJi84) ~~. ~+::n:r:;r<~~~(:ttl~~~M_~Oakley,. ~-~$~~~~-<-~*AA~~~~. 1985) • H{rf,~ -1W§¥J.~~~jl$$tt.~_~ ~'.~~$~-~jl$$tt.iID(~_~~~. ,~". .l:11rm~i. 1.....4-.,.. ~. =~~H!!i~~-R.. ,..,.e,.1. g~~~~~~.~~.~. ... ~~~o. •. lW-...bC. 21+lii..~~.:\tl~:!Ill:l.~~~ ~~.9!1E1:gJl ~m-J - ~~,g:""'~liilm~. \0.

(5) 1tnt. Iin. \. I. I .. ~"'~~l..~mr-=:!~~~~;tl=. (psychoanalytic theory). ~~-~a~~~.$s.~~,.~. .-~~~~$~.~~~o~~~.. -. ••. ~~.g:,~. ~.. •• ~~~-~~~~~.E~~. 1 ~lD) ° illl.1't'~ ffi'~~~~~l!:ii\~I't>~i!l!lt~. ~·. a:9iJ.~.!f:Wlftii.. <:::;~~~-~~':ijj1)Hjjmr) ° - BanduraW;!~ ~~H!ll_~tEIilii. ::!i~. ~-~$~~~~~-~~~~~~~. !.!f • • •#lar;r~.~~IiE@!.*~. ~@H~~~.~~~~~.-lE*~'. . (in-group/out-group Schema) C ~~ffiI~~~~l$(own-sex Schema) - ':ijj lW • fi{1\t ~aE~~* ~~~. ~~tHlI'- 1 1~ 1IIR~~~(masculine. !II&~f'--.;lil; ~~:!!.(model).~ ~.$. ~W~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~. superiority) -. ~ •.. 1 ~HlIIIK'~.11¢(instrumental /expressive dichotomy) - ~g~ 1 ~~[J(~.. ~-~l~~~.m~¢~~~~~~. ~~~~.~~ • • • ~~.o.~H. 1 @1 1 ~~. • ::!i rrR ~H!ll fi{1\t 5!ll:: f'--. tt: 4n :j:IlK ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tJ;:. ~~~~Q'~.~~.~~~~~. • • ~~o~~-.~~~.J...1~~@W. .~~~ee~-IIIR~~~.~~.~. ~.J...1 ~~. § , ~,g~~l1!fH!!!J1.!I(cognitive. ~o. develop-m ent the ory). .-~~~~~~~~~~~~1~~. ~.-~~~~.~H~~~.-lE.. 0. ~~H~-IIIR~~e~W~~~w~~. ~f'--.~~.~~~~m~olllR~~~*. ~~~IIIR~~ HIIII1(~~.~. KohlbergW;g~~~~~~~~ffiU~S. ='P-:l~~~~o. ~mi~~~~~~~~~ ~~~5~m~~.~~¢~-~~@. ~~mi~~f:::i!:I~~~::!i°~K'--\-l~. (-1na.J...1$! . •~~H~ • ~**,-$\ ..... .. ~«~*IIIR~~::!i*~~ffiIm-lE~~. 1t:!;~OQ~\BJ:ffi~~ !t:~~~~~~~~IIIR~~~*1lK. ~~.J...1~e~.fr-~effiIm~.~~. ~-~~ill~~m~~~*~~-~~ ~~~ - SR~~l!J!E~m)!.! H ~~~. (instrumental traits) ~~rm ~!t-@: • ~~. straits) - ~. *.~~~.. -. ~ffiIm~§m~*IlK······~. ~~~N~~~~ffiI.·ffiI@~~~. .-lE.e~~.f'--.~¢W. ••• ~~ ~B=~·.M·~~¢. jfl:l2!o. 1lK~0o. f'--.KW~~.~.o~~~~-.~1IIR. .o.~~~~l~~-~~~§.~. ~,~. illwIIII1( ~~WH~iNr~(Conservation Con cept) - §-.~~*.*~~m~~lE~ ~~~~~°mi~W • • ~.~~~~. ~m)!.!~lII!m~~.(expressive. . ~~~llil~-nnlH~.~ '-.f:l<:it!~~~. ~~~~M~~~-@~~m~~e~. ••. ~~~~~~~~~.*IlK-!t.~~. ~~.~-_~~m~~~~~~. ~~-~~~$IlK~~~~~~-~~. .~~~~.~~.~~~. ~1lml-. .. ~~~~~~millK-~ffiI~.W::~~~. IlK °. W::iffi~ l?,te~~ :{n1H:t1II~ r{~~~ ~~~ ~. l~~~-IIIR~.mi~~.~.l. -. ~~:t1II~r{~~~~~~IIIR~. -. .. ~. ~. ° Touchy(l974)mffir{~~~lillil.~@. tW:~. ~·.':ijj·~.~-~:t1II~OOl~mE~. . .~~.~.l~B=~·g~~-.. ~.~~~~~~~~·-@~~~fiWI 1 ~. 1n[!mE~fpilt1H~&~-jljlJt~~. B~~~ffiImmi~~~l.~e~.·. ~.~.·~~·.~·~.-w~na. m~~.~~~~E-~~(~~IIIR~. ~~~.. .~~~~-~Q.@~~~~~W~. fr.l@~~~-.~IIIR:it!~~.~. S~~)~~mE~fpilt1H~~e~~N~. -. Goldberg(l968)~$R~~~IlK. 1 ~. ~tl;:~ °. ~H~~-.~.B~·tW:~·H~~. :$I:l~. ~~~. "¥i~toW~!!I:!J~,~(Gender-Schema. .~~fr~~!t~-W~~~~~.~. ... theory). ~~~~~~~~.-!/e~~. ~l~~*~:$I:l~millK~~~-~.@. W~~~~.f:::~.~I~.~SS&. I-li '. !/ee~~~I@KW~!l§~*.W::. ~~ ... r-.

(6) ~. I ~tI. ~®ruo~.~~-~~n~~+<+<~. ~4r-mW@!~1~~. t~-.*~6~~~~~~• • •. W1*-~+t:::f§. - $~~~~.~Wi;n!!i.l:. U!tBl ~11 ~ mlHtHtJ ~l\i I)E.IIIR ~ W1--Y ~~. ~~~~~~.~~~l~~.ol\i~. 0. ~.1.6~.~~~~.~+<+<~~. ~. §.~.~IIIR~~~~~m,.~.~. ~.-~*~~*~~gti~~o • •. 0. ~--Y-~~~~~~~~~~~~*~. ~AA.H:1~~~1*-~~~.~~l~~. m-~~im~iJn. ~.~1*-~~m~-a~m.m~~~. ~f,ftirn~~~~. S. .~~~-~B¢~~.~.Sffi~~. ,. g- • • ~~~~~6.~~•• ~. ~!!(Olson. W1~~~~(Androgynous)at-4r~ - ~. ~1Wo. ~ • • t~W~M.-a~~l\i~~m. 1991; Lesile, Anderson, Branson, 1991;. etc, 1989; Blair & Lichter,. .~~~~~~.~-~~~W~.~. rnt-mWffiSandra Bem(l974, 1981)~£~. ~~o. ••~.~.-~*~IIIR~~~. , ~~~. $IH~€ :F-1 ~ mWili: ~~m,tg .~11>< ~ ~~. ~~o. ~~~~~~m~-w~§~~~~~. .-~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~. m,tg:\!l\iI)E. ~~ti.~~~~,~.~;!I. ~,~~~~_~~~~o~~~$~. ~~'-IE~~~~~1!R(~MI!f\~. ~~,~~~~'~~1!R(~E~-~~. He~. ~:F-1~~-~~$~~~~!l;~~1!R(~. (flexibility) llil~~4n~(integration) - mW~. ~ ~~~~~~~mW!l;~. IIIR~~~'~~~~'~~~~.*¢. inventory) - ~®~&mJmlI~+t:::'M~~¢~. :F-1 • • £ 1 @~ ~~~mJmlI1!R(sex role. Bemm:::. 0. Chen & Lin, 1992; ~~~ - IHi75). Androgynous ~!lBl@lMh!lJ§®~~?<~. 0. ~~~~~~.~o. Ehrlich( 1984 );Wo~ ~))(;j£ ~W:g!~~~lli*. Andr. ~~~~~~. 1IIR~~~.~eH~~.~E~~.. ~~B¢~~.o~~.~W~~~@. (IIIR~) llil~Gyny (~~) ~~4n. ... .~~~~~~~am~~~-H~~. ~1I~ - ~14~W~~mW:g!~ffiHIJ - 86~~. - 93~~~mW~. 0. ~~~~~~~IIIR~~.~-~~~~. ~*~.~IIIR~~.~~~~.~~. 7~ffi\~~mW:g!~~~~. ~mW:g!~~+<+<'-IEW+<+<~~~ - ~. 0. ~ H:1 ~~1*-~(egalitarian) llil~ ~~~. (andro-gynous) • •. :i11$~.~Hm«#i~.'k-*,• •IR-<m .C~~~~~oa~~~~m~c~. ~oo.

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