DVB-T數位電視接收器創新IP設計與SOC實作-子計畫四：DVB-T系統之OFDM解調變器設計與實現(II)Design and implementation of OFDM demodulator for DVB-T system(II)

行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫 成果報告

子計畫四：DVB-T 系統之 OFDM 解調變器設計與實現(2/2)

計畫類別： 整合型計畫

計畫編號： NSC93-2220-E-110-005-

執行期間： 93 年 08 月 01 日至 94 年 07 月 31 日

執行單位： 國立中山大學通訊工程研究所

計畫主持人： 陳儒雅

計畫參與人員： 姜承志、吳芳茂、梁文科

報告類型： 完整報告

報告附件： 出席國際會議研究心得報告及發表論文

處理方式： 本計畫可公開查詢

中 華 民 國 94 年 10 月 28 日

       
      
       
    

                 

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DVB-T

0 12-.+,,*4567 8

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OFDM

9 :; <=>? 9 :; <=> ? 9 :; <=> ? 9 :; <=> ?

OFDM

@ AB CDE  )

multi-carrier

/ , -F GH IJ C%KL- .MN- .OPQR ST D UV  N WXYZ $[  \]-. ^ _`[  K a -. MNb-c --AQD d )

frequency division multiplexing

FDM

/ @ A 0 ef g h  0i jk l mn o p _` qrs*t +,uv wr  x yU z E{ -| }Y4by ~€‚ƒ „…N -†%‡€[  i ˆ ‰Š ‹Œ 0 wŽZ$)

orthogonality

/  _`[ y€

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-OFDM

‡˜ 0  ™ &   šR›œ žŸ  )

inverse discrete

Fourier transform

IDFT

/™šR›œ Ÿ  )

discrete Fourier transform

DFT

/ b¡^ -ef¢ £M›œ žŸ  )

inverse fast Fourier transform

IFFT

/ u

™£M›œ Ÿ  )

fast Fourier transform

FFT

/‚£M¤ ¥ 0 

DVB-T

¦§B f

2N

@ A ¨ }

2048

`[ )

2k mode

/©

8192

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DVB-T

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frame

/e6± _4`¯° ² ³ €

68

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OFDM

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T

S

·¸ F²³f ¹ ` º» ¼ b-c¯ 0 € º» ” i 12 ·¸ e

T

U

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inter-symbol interference

ISI

/ 0½ ¾¿ i )

guard interval

/” i ¶“1

2 ·¸

T

T

S

= T

U

+ T

-½ i 0

cyclic

prefix

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U

1/8 T

U

1/16 T

U

™

1/32 T

U

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DVB-T

8 9.45: ; <=

2k

:; >

2k mode

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8k

:; >

8k mode

? A B %C

2k

:;D E ( FG H

OFDM

I J K L

2048

HMN O ( PQ RST UVW XY

1705

HM NO (XZ [\]^A_.M NO` ab= c d] e >

guard band

? V%fg

1705

HMNOYTVh

1512

HMNOi4j

QPSK

k

16-QAM

l

64-QAM

m  (DX Z.

1705

n

1512

o

193

HMN OVi 4jp q I  >

pilot signal

? (XYJrL

17

H45stp q I  >

transmission

parameter signaling pilot signal

(

TPS pilot signal

? (

45

H uvwpq I >

continual

pilot

? (@

131

Hxywpq I  >

scattered pilot

? % z { | (f

8k

:;Y( F GH

OFDM

I J KL

8192

HMN O ( PQRSTUVW XY

6817

HMN O ( Dg

6817

HMN OY#T}Vh

6048

HM N Oi4j

QAM

l

QPSK

m  % XZ .

6817

n

6048

o

769

HMN O1} Vi4jp q I % XYJ r L

68

H

TPS

p q I  (

177

H uvwpq I  (@

524

Hx~wpq I  % fGH

OFDM

I  € (

TPS

p q I 1Vi4jz~ m  (@G‚ 45Lƒ.st(„…†7>

1/2

(

2/3

(

3/4

(

5/6

(

7/8

?k ‡ˆB‰>

QPSK

(

16-QAM

(

64-QAM

?k c dŠ ‹ >

1/4T

U

(

1/8T

U

(

1/16T

U

(

1/32T

U

? @45: ;>

2k

(

8k

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OFDM

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OFDM

I f m œ.’“Dž%'D(X’ “ž Ÿ1L  ¡w. (f¢‹£ > l

OFDM

I  ? ¤¥. ¡=

4

(f]7£ > l MN O ? ¤¥. ¡=

12

( „¦

2-10

)§ %

0

min

=

K

1704

max

=

K

6816

max

=

K

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2-10

m œ
gp q I .’ “‚ ”1  (f Yb =z~ ^ >

channel estimation

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DVB-T

 Y  W

8MHz

k

7MHz

@

6MHz

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k MN Ot k @^…†. !S–"—z (X# $Tf‘

T

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.% — z %f

8MHz

k

7MHz

6MHz

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T

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2-2 8MHz

k

7MHz

@

6MHz

^)C&

OFDM

8 9st

OFDM parameters for 8MHz Channels

Parameter

8K mode

2K mode

Number of carriers K

6817

1705

Duration T

U

896 s

224 s

Carrier spacing 1/T

U

1116 Hz

4464 Hz

Bandwidth

7.61 MHz

7.61 MHz

Data Rate

4.98

31.67 Mbps

OFDM parameters for 7MHz Channels

Parameter

8K mode

2K mode

Number of carriers K

6817

1705

Duration T

U

1024 s

256 s

Carrier spacing 1/T

U

0.976563 kHz

3.90625 kHz

Bandwidth

6.66 MHz

6.66 MHz

Data Rate

4.354

27.71 Mbps

OFDM parameters for 6MHz Channels

Parameter

8K mode

2K mode

Number of carriers K

6817

1705

Duration T

U

1194.667

298.6667 s

Carrier spacing 1/T

U

0.837054 kHz

3.348214 kHz

Bandwidth

5.71 MHz

5.71 MHz






                f

DVB-T

8 9 ( m  4j4j - "^h   (™  &. ( „  ¢‹ % 

DVB-T

8 9 

OFDM

( m f (+

FFT

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OFDM

I   - . m  ( ! =C

OFDM

I DE ("# ‘ ¢‹ U4j‚  .

FFT

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FFT

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OFDM

I j >

FFT

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OFDM

I fLž¢ M N=OP ¢‹ gH QR ( !S 8 9fT * +=>?¢‹z~.  (¡U m   h2V.WX% ‘

OFDM

I f"^ (™!=¢‹ U4j‚ .

FFT

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OFDM

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OFDM

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OFDM

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OFDM

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OFDM

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DVB-T

Y¢‹z~.  l +¢‹  m nf‚¢‹ o   fi >? ¢‹z~A#. %

3.1

pq r stuv wx pq r stu v wx pq r stuv wx pq r stu v wx f

DVB-T

8 9 Yy™fFGH

OFDM

I  z S`dŠ ‹( D `dŠ ‹. * +{ y ™|‘ } ~Y{€5&)3 4. ‚ƒ( T+`

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OFDM

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DVB-T

8 9 Y )V.1}Y.¤; ( }Y l +1@GH

OFDM

I E =

T

G

. ,-I (–zfj

OFDM

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OFDM

I  Y(™LAŠ ‹)4j. ,-I 1 G:G{ . (D    

!

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3-1

}Y

(Cyclic Prefix)

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DVB-T

8 9 Y(" GH

OFDM

I .=

T

U

(D

OFDM

I .`dŠ ‹

T

G

l +  <=

T

U

.

1/32

k

1/16

k

1/8

1/4

 B %

OFDM

I fz S`dŠ ‹ ( GH J K`dŠ ‹.

OFDM

I M  ™L A H Š ‹  . ,-1G:G{ . ( b

T

U

(‘1eVSw ( ¢‹ mn f TeV`dŠ ‹igh.mn. ^ _’“ (X !;i p l +„

(3.1)

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[1]:

( )

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)

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)

{

}

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( )

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−

=

∧

∧

=

+ −

+

Ω =

Ω

(3.1)

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OFDM

I  * -¢‹z~A# ( )  8 9M N =  > =

2(T

U

+T

G

)

. ,-I  („S  f=

2(T

U

+T

G

)

,-I  M ™ J K`d Š ‹.

OFDM

I  ()¢‹ mnfTfg>.¢+, -I  Yg -j

OFDM

I .^ _’“ (  ‘`dŠ ‹.™8h¢‹ mn f.5 (?'z @`dŠ ‹ 

ISI

@

ICI

. (C‘¢ ‹ mn f.5#™LA›.JK(P1`dŠ ‹ ‘1eV}Y .¤;)/0 ( ! S`dŠ ‹)4j.# 1

OFDM

, -I .4 < () `dŠ ‹.B( )*CD.E@]# $B{ (P1f F M N G`dŠ ‹H( „SM ™3 4ES.I6(3 4 mJ K3(VL;i ! *mJ .I6 

(

)

MNO PQ M R STT U U V WXY Z Z Z

γ

γ

= −

−

=

+

(3. 2)

‘ ¢‹ mn f .w 
™[h Jm  l\I  ],-) 8 (Tg -^.^ _’“ (
*_d¢‹ o fig - . ^ _’“ % L`‘ f‘abSQ ( N Lco . ¤;   )4j., -(#d  e:fhEV ,

)*CD. , )¦

3-2

¦

3-3

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3-2

¢‹ mnf ¦

3-3

¢‹ mnf

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3-1

¢‹ mnf ) *EŸ’ g t
 


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4 bit

3.2

pq r sv wx pq r sv w x pq r sv wx pq r sv w x „¦

3-4

)§ (f¢+.¢‹H™3 4] + ’ .žŸ (D3 4¢‹ H.! L {(„  .Lž¤; k  ! "#$%

FFT

& '( )* + , -./01234567 & 8 9:; < => #$"?@ & /0A BCD < EF GHBIJ

OFDM samples

/0K#G LMNOP/0 12 QR567 &S TLU-./01234567 8 9.;

&

OFDM symbol

VW

QX & /0A B 8 9 + MNYP & Z[T \ VS ]^ _

`a K Ubc d

FFT

& '( efg

,

y

n m

<hi Ge

n

jak IJ

OFDM symbol

< l

m

ja , k

n

J

OFDM symbol

i & k

m

J

FFT

mn o '(

.

4

,

y

n m

p qrs/0AB `t g & uv?@) *wx &y  <zU

4

,

y

n m

O P

sliding integrator

&S{V|} < U ~ € <h‚ƒ { _G

[1]

„

The sliding integrator output:

/ 2-1

-

/ 2

1

₄

_s

,

-,

,

₂

₂

W

k

W

N

W

R

_{n j}

y

j

n j k

W

=

=

₊

<

(3.3)

W

:

The sliding integrator window size.

N

_s

=

2

N

_u

-

N

N

_u

:

…

OFDM

data

† ‡ ˆ‰ Š‹Œ Ž

‘

OFDM symbol

’ “” •–— ˜™ š ›

^

3-4 DVB-T

#$%

FFT

'( a ^ ^

3-5

/012QR567 & \ VS ]^

Mean Estimator

& { _G

[1]

„

-1

0

1

_*

( )

,

, (

1)

K

j

P

_n

R

R

n Wj n W j

K

ζ

=

=

₊

(3.4)

K



sliding integrator outputs

K

≤

Ns

+

1

  ; <

FFT

'( ?@ & )*A B

ˆ

ζ

< s

Mean Estimator

&

'(L>

„

The fine symbol timing estimator:

ˆ

{ }

( )

8

N

Arg P

n

W

ζ

ζ

π

=

(3.5)

s  /0 12 QR56 7 OP

FFT

& '(L V 56 <MN 
,/<

FFT

& '(<   xg ! *" ‚#$%"&' QR( K ) * + & , - <GMN .

64QAM

L V /0 } 1 + ^

3-6 64QAM, window size W=5,

2

(34

&

clip

5

9

^

3-7 64QAM, window size W=5,

2

(34 &

Bit

‚5

4bit

j

3-2

/0 12 QR567 ` x:*"‚

 
 
            

FFT

        /0 1234567

4 bit

+9 ~ -9

3.3

                 5r$!=56"8 9# $cJ

OFDM

% @ <MN=Pf &' ( )z y * <^

3-8

5/0 12345 67+, a ^+

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^

3-9

^

3-10

^

3-11



Verilog Code

Synopsys

Design Compiler

3g;/0, +,^

3-9

i<

mode

 *5

1

 i ja

8K

/ { <

tu

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11

ja } :c

OFDM

% @D & 0<'   *

in_I

<

in_Q

<  ,

max_sum_cnt_j

 *"/0 35 6(/0 * +

20

<

fine_offset

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6

<,

max_sum_cnt_j_t

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26

< l

out_I

<

out_Q

'(  * ja /0$
8 9; 0 & y *<

out_sum_I

<

out_sum_Q

'(  * ja ~u `  & + , ^

3.3-3

iMN "

out_start

 @L:;<'(  *'(< k c @ 5

(-34,-50)

< l , ^

3-11

i "'(  @U)' 0

(8192*1/4=2048)

" /0 *+5 6

26

<  s ) @  &k

2075

J

(2048+26=2074)

 '( + ^

3-9

/0$
/0 ^

(1)

^

3-10

/0$
/0 ^

(2)

^

3-11

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/0^




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OFDM

i<  E  %"#$%7  t g & u A B <  "   !< => mn o :0 & uA B< u A B5 mn o 0  & ‚/< mn o 0  $!"9#$ < % s&' & y  ` ,*("z) y * % @ ` , & *( $< *+ ( & y * % @U,-. * < t g.* & /0

;

%). & uA B  5 m n o 0  & ‚/<  mn o :0U12"9#$< n o " n o 0 &

ICI

& 34<5U6 78
& $< t g

DVB-T

'( & 9:;,-<+ = 

OFDM

u56 < >?& & @ A < B U

OFDM

$
Z[T } g CD „

1

E FG y *Z[T

(Non Data Aided, NDA Algorithms)

OP

OFDM

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–

MNOP

(CP)

<L,g$
& Q€+

2

FG y *Z[T

(Data Aided, DA Algorithms)

R sSTUVW & X Y % @

(pilot symbol)

<Z[\]^

(training

sequence)

<L%"$
&  _ +

3

`a Z [T

(Blind Algorithms)

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< l  OP #$" &  @ `c  &
dL$ <Le$
y  + s

DVB-T

fg

OFDM

+, < `  h ij.uA B.

OFDM

% @ & kl !< .

OFDM

% @ mnu$
& \ V <, H

DVB-T

o UuA B p } 5u  A B3456"u  A BQR56 qr<hi uA B & 5 [s* A B ! mn o 0  L5 [ < `  ,

DVB-T

& uA B 56 St < uAB3 45 67Bu4v u AB5 m no 0  & ‚  / < hw  FG y *Z [T & cr <Bg P

OFDM

% @ i & X Y % @L mn5[< l uA BQR567PLu4 x‚ & uA B <yw

E FG y & & uA B  +

4.1

    
   
  
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FFT

u4 ) zUh < l 5  &  `   P & 0< u A BQR567fOP"/0 1234567 ) $ & +, <%,mn5 [:; <1 ` 56"

F(j)

ie()* < ` e( & )* 5x‚ & u A B <h  { _G `a

[1]

„

( )

(

)

(

)

{

}

( )

{

}

( )

( )

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ε

π

ε

∧

−

=

∧

∧

= Ω

∧

∧

=

+ −

+

Ω =

=

Ω

(4. 1)

ss ) 

OFDM

y * % @"! 0[ & y * % @\)=]‚ <1e (h)* y  < ` v! 0 & ^(_^<,$` & N abG < ` $>" & u  A B56_X<%! 0 & ^(_^< `  c & $u df e _ < ` _feg h is
` ,N a L \ (v h5 +

4.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  v u A BQR567,g56bUx‚ & uA B ;<

OFDM

% @ m

FFT

\, u4; <#s u A B34567Y V < l u A B 3456 7BPL56(‚ & uA B <__/v y * % @," "‚u  A B <,U‚uA B & , -G</v y * % @, -.

FFT

:; <hu v & y * % @* B < l h* B 5u  A B !J‚ &mn o 0  < ` MN OPL$<Lmnu  A B 345 6 < s x‚ & uA BV -,/0A BQR56 7 5[,; <,

FFT

Y [:) V-Uh < `  , m

FFT

) & /v y * % @‚ & u A B <  mn o 0 & 9#$(, <,u v & y * % @ MN* B < `  MNOPL$Ld MN & u A B 3456 7<s X Y % @MN V W & < ` MN OPVW & X Y % @* ("

FFT

:; & u v y * % @\. <_ WA B ! mn o 0  + s

DVB-T

i q$" $ qrX Y % @ < s $ & X Y % @i bcJ

OFDM

% @ &  $ l *($w < _ _P$ & X Y % @L\. < E & < ` u3456 7BOP $ & X Y % @L56(‚ & u A B<l. $ & X Y % @ l  <h,bJ

OFDM

% @ i & * ("D#
<,  P & 0<~MN ! & y Ldu  A B 34567 + l ,

DVB-T

i< X Y % @ & DBsc

PRBS

7 ` 
< l 

PRBS

7 & hd & !‚  { 5

f(x)=x

11

+x

2

+1

<

PRBS

& +,^ _

`a < l  $X Y % @ & * ( >? 
<

2k

"

8k

&  $ & X Y % @*(_"# "#"# "#

!

$ % &'()* $ % &'()* $ % &'()* $ % &'()* + + + + `a

[2]

„

^

4-1 PRBS

7

j

4-1

 $X Y?@ ` ,*(  $X Y?@

2k

8k

0,48,54,87,141,156,192,201,255,279

,282,333,432,450,483,525,531,618,636,7

14,759,765,780,804,873,888,918,939,942

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#

8K

 [

(8192

 

)

K . [

IFFT

E)

FFT

4bAm @    3 ; F E

radix-2

#

radix-4 SDF(Single-path Delay Feedback)

' 5

FFT

  #  B KE n'< /  GIG

DVB-T

$%

FFT

'  ™ * +#op ] /

6.1

           

OFDM

 8 20Nd]H eΠ0B q &1 

(sub-carrier)

F KBn ! B

(bit rate)

4
%,  7 "  0#  $% Nd
/,  8 ˆ 0 

FDM(Frequency Division

Multiplexing)

,4 0F E1Z[  & ;   ™ \#  &' ' 01 G&  /

OFDM


$%Z[ ()#*H+,-.

(Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT)

/0 [ &Œ/  GI  ! E

IFFT

bA ,$%B

FFT

#$ 4,L O/

6.2

2K/8K






FFT

         ’ “

FFT

K 7(@ 3&' n \ q„…¤1f2   %&f3?@ A

decimation-in-frequency(DIF)

] 0

FFT

GY

radix-4

Z[4 I'  8l m 4 F

OFDM

#$ ./ ;  

x

[n]



N

3*H+, -.KE  A

[2]

1

0

[ ]

[ ]

,

0,1,

,

1

N

nk

N

n

X k

x n W

k

N

−

=

=

=

−

(6.1)