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[4: Probitc¦!‹1 (1) (2) (3) (4) ÕôÀ 0.0682 0.0153 0.0082 0.0052 (11.00)** (2.25)* (1.28) (0.82) ã4 0.0045 0.0019 0.0024 0.0027 (1.15) (0.55) (0.69) (0.80) f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0745 0.0656 0.0590 (12.47)** (11.35)** (10.07)** f`>˙', ù” 0.1577 0.1508 0.1305 (13.59)** (13.28)** (11.46)** f`>˙', ×ç 0.1688 0.1549 0.1388 (13.39)** (12.79)** (11.44)** ‚f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0542 0.0485 0.0502 (6.65)** (6.16)** (6.35)** ‚f`>˙', ù” 0.1177 0.1111 0.1095 (7.61)** (7.42)** (7.34)** ‚f`>˙', ×ç 0.1653 0.1566 0.1604 (6.78)** (6.57)** (6.68)** |Þvf8 0.0042 0.0030 0.0021 (1.59) (1.17) (0.85) |Þvf8aj/100 -0.0076 -0.0060 -0.0045 (1.86) (1.52) (1.19) |Þv‚f8 0.0107 0.0104 0.0108 (3.20)** (3.18)** (3.33)** |Þv‚f8aj/100 -0.0202 -0.0191 -0.0198 (3.11)** (3.02)** (3.17)** log(ðêF)) 0.0130 0.0082 0.0085 (4.86)** (3.12)** (3.22)** !!b -0.0156 -0.0146 -0.0144 (5.79)** (5.55)** (5.46)** __b -0.0082 -0.0072 -0.0070 (3.77)** (3.36)** (3.29)** )RËÑ«”+ 0.0571 0.0574 (7.12)** (7.18)** )RËÑ·+ 0.0468 0.0459 (8.19)** (8.05)** )RËÑÍà 0.0274 0.0271 (4.39)** (4.35)** fkt¶Æ„T 0.0177 (3.83)** š…b 19422 19422 19422 19422 PseudoR2 0.0106 0.1299 0.1372 0.1385

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Ê−„7wFÄÖ(, ðêF)í^‹u üOéOí; 7fkt¶Æ„Tí `>^Œ‘}TòäÞ,×çíœ} Q-V, Bb}øš…YôÀD4} , «n®_ÄÖÊôÀD4q u´.°˙'íà [ 5 uc¦}&í!‹, ‡ 2 h}}&…ôÀDÕôÀA¨ÿè×çí ²ìÄÖ íl, ôÀqí4ú,×çœ01³à‰ 2 ‚`>˙'ú .°ôÀéNí^‹, wà˙'6×_ó° ‚f8íà6Dú,š… íàó", ðêF)2 !_Ab2 )RË–¸fkt¶Æ„Tú…ôÀA¨ ,×çíœ0éOíà M)·<íu, Œ_‰búÕôÀš…qíj„ ‰1.éO, ðêF)¸fL<kt¶Æ̶j„ÕôÀäÞ5ÈíÏæ ! !AbéO±QÕôÀ,×çíœ},__Abí^‹†.éO

[5: Probitc¦!‹1,YôÀD4} ôÀ 4 …ôÀ ÕôÀ ã4 Þ4 ÕôÀ 0.0059 0.0049 (0.61) (0.59) ã4 0.0024 0.0038 (0.69) (0.29) f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0572 0.0500 0.0595 0.0579 (9.29)** (2.70)** (6.83)** (7.39)** f`>˙', ù” 0.1418 0.1051 0.1314 0.1272 (10.60)** (3.95)** (7.68)** (8.41)** f`>˙', ×ç 0.1346 0.1606 0.1573 0.1223 (9.08)** (6.38)** (8.61)** (7.59)** ‚f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0569 0.0220 0.0607 0.0405 (6.46)** (1.01) (5.06)** (3.90)** ‚f`>˙', ù” 0.1086 0.1187 0.1055 0.1124 (6.37)** (3.20)** (4.87)** (5.49)** ‚f`>˙', ×ç 0.1688 0.1638 0.1970 0.1263 (5.69)** (3.14)** (5.31)** (4.07)** |Þvf8 0.0047 0.0028 0.0035 0.0011 (1.40) (0.33) (1.07) (0.30) |Þvf8aj/100 -0.0091 -0.0071 -0.0070 -0.0027 (1.63) (0.59) (1.39) (0.47) |Þv‚f8 0.00690 0.0384 0.0074 0.0146 (2.15)* (3.33)** (1.85) (2.58)** |Þv‚f8aj/100 -0.0126 -0.069 -0.0132 -0.0272 (1.99)* (3.14)** (1.67) (2.52)* log(ðêF)) 0.0094 0.0003 0.0101 0.0072 (3.41)** (0.03) (2.65)** (1.96)* !!b -0.0118 -0.0336 -0.0162 -0.0129 (4.51)** (3.12)** (4.06)** (3.67)** __b -0.0067 -0.0091 -0.0074 -0.0067 (3.12)** (1.04) (2.10)* (2.53)* )RËÑ«”+ 0.0521 0.0864 0.0566 0.0593 (6.48)** (2.10)* (4.94)** (5.31)** )RËÑ·+ 0.0403 0.0730 0.0376 0.0540 (7.30)** (2.09)* (4.71)** (6.64)** )RËÑÍà 0.0243 0.0422 0.0195 0.0351 (4.13)** (1.00) (2.25)* (3.93)** fkt¶Æ„T 0.0166 0.0160 0.0186 0.0167 (3.27)** (1.18) (2.70)** (2.70)** š…b 16963 2459 9282 10140 Pseudo R2 0.1383 0.1061 0.1473 0.1323 1 _{°[4 }

‡ 3, 4 h†‡ú4}  °ø4qíôÀ1̶j„ÿè×çª?4 íÏæ ‚`>˙'EuàäÞ,×çœ0í|3bÄÖ, OwúãÞí à˙'š.° 2 ‚f×çH“úã4íàœúÞ4íà×, f× çH“ªUoä,×çíœ0Tò 15.73%, úÞoíà†Ñ 12.23% ‚f ×çH“úoä2 Þo,×çíœ0íà}Ñ 19.70% ¸ 12.63% ¤Õ, ‚f8ÉúÞoÿè×çíœ0lÓ(Áí^‹, úoäíà†.éO !!D__Abúã4¸Þ4̱Q,×çœ0í^‹, w2¢Júã4 œ×íà Bk)RË–¸fkt¶Æ„T†úã4¸Þ4·˙'éN íà Ñ7«n²ì`>Aÿí®_ÄÖ, wóú½b4Ê.°0Hƪí8”, J-Bbøš…Y|Þ0Híl(} Tc¦}& [ 6 øš…}Ñ 1960-642 1965-69 ¸ 1970-74|Þ2 3 _0H, ®0H†lÉJôÀ2 4Ñj„‰ b, yYŸ‹pwFðê*2 )RË–£f<“2‰b ®0Hí_ 1 2ÉJôÀ¸4TÑj„‰b, !‹éýÕôÀ,×çí ªWéOòk…ôÀ, 74Ȇ³Ïæ M)·<íu, ÕôÀœòí,× çªWÓOh0H7]Á, â 1960-64 |Þ0Hí 8.82% ±Ñ 1965-69 | Þ0Hí 6.12%, y±Ñ 1970-74 |Þ0Hí 5.36% _ 2 ‹p‚`>˙'2 ‚82 ðêF)¸!!D__Ab2ðê* í‰b ÕôÀíàÊ−„7ðê*‰b(Ê®0HÌ.éO;‚`> ˙'DäÞ,×çœ0Ê®0H·A£óÉ/Ñ|½bí²ìÄÖ, ÖÍwó ú×üÊ®0HF.°; !!2 __Abíàƒ7 1970-74 |Þ0H˛ .éO |(, _ 3 y‹p)RË–¸fkt¶Æ„T2j„‰b óúk )Rk¸ˆË–, )Rk«”+CwF·+Ë–, ú 1970-74 |Þ0Híà ‰œ‡Þs_|Þ0HÑ× ÇøjÞ, fkt¶Æ„Tíà‰MÚÁÿ, ƒ7 1970-74 |Þ0H˛%¾Ü7 ÓO0Híƪ, ²ìäÞ,×çíÄÖ6˙'.ø퉓 ƒ7š…2 |¡í 1970-74 |Þí0H, Î7‚`>˙'Eu½bíÄÖÕ, )RËuŸ ø_½bíÄÖ )RÊ«”+ÿ27 7.68% íi‘, 7`>^Œíà˛. ½b )RË–MÚrƽbiHuøM)·<íÛï,«w 1970-74 |Þ0Hu š…2, §ƒ×ç×ÙØ"\µàí0H, Tò×瓦0N˛1³òüÊ Í/¸AÅçÞ,×çœ}Ïí^‹, hÇ[|Ví,×çœ}, EÍrÊ· +çÞí™, ͸`>IpíÏæuM)ªø¥¿pû˝í{æ

[6: Probitc¦!‹1_,Y|Þ0H |Þ 1960-64 1965-69 1970-74 (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) ÕôÀ 0.0882 0.0173 0.0048 0.0612 0.0147 0.0082 0.0536 0.0027 -0.0037 (9.57)** (1.70) (0.54) (6.26)** (1.28) (0.75) (3.59)** (0.17) (0.25) ã4 0.0064 0.0034 0.0048 -0.0009 -0.0011 -0.0006 0.0091 0.0074 0.0078 (1.11) (0.67) (0.98) (0.14) (0.20) (0.11) (1.06) (0.93) (0.99) f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0857 0.0590 0.0490 0.0368 0.0873 0.0816 (8.75)** (6.45)** (5.22)** (3.99)** (7.03)** (6.52)** f`>˙', ù” 0.1336 0.0956 0.1413 0.1145 0.1911 0.1882 (7.52)** (5.86)** (7.86)** (6.50)** (7.24)** (6.92)** f`>˙', ×ç 0.2189 0.1648 0.1079 0.0884 0.1714 0.1654 (10.06)** (8.34)** (5.96)** (5.05)** (6.34)** (6.00)** ‚f`>˙', ò2ò< 0.0593 0.0513 0.0773 0.0762 0.0289 0.0224 (4.11)** (3.81)** (5.33)** (5.33)** (1.95) (1.54) ‚f`>˙', ù” 0.1104 0.0945 0.0950 0.0899 0.1303 0.1259 (4.35)** (4.02)** (3.87)** (3.74)** (4.14)** (4.09)** ‚f`>˙', ×ç 0.1180 0.1232 0.2106 0.2084 0.1649 0.1484 (2.60)** (2.71)** (4.49)** (4.44)** (4.05)** (3.73)** |Þvf8 0.0052 0.0032 0.0023 0.0008 0.0047 0.0030 (1.31) (0.91) (0.53) (0.18) (0.75) (0.48) |Þvf8aj/100 -0.0102 -0.0073 -0.0043 -0.0020 -0.0073 -0.0049 (1.55) (1.24) (0.63) (0.31) (0.79) (0.54) |Þv‚f8 0.0055 0.0054 0.0145 0.0144 0.0282 0.0275 (1.59) (1.67) (2.24)* (2.25)* (3.04)** (2.96)** |Þv‚f8aj/100 -0.0107 -0.0097 -0.0286 -0.028 -0.0499 -0.0482 (1.58) (1.54) (2.25)* (2.23)* (2.77)** (2.67)** log(ðêF)) 0.0061 0.0014 0.0298 0.0251 0.0310 0.0239 (2.23)* (0.53) (3.80)** (3.15)** (3.15)** (2.39)* !!b -0.0132 -0.0117 -0.0209 -0.0196 -0.0071 -0.0053 (3.67)** (3.47)** (4.53)** (4.30)** (1.03) (0.79) __b -0.0052 -0.0037 -0.0132 -0.0121 -0.0025 -0.0015 (1.80) (1.33) (3.57)** (3.30)** (0.45) (0.27) )RËÑ«”+ 0.0674 0.0297 0.0768 (5.67)** (2.45)* (3.96)** )RËÑ·+ 0.0476 0.0362 0.0463 (6.06)** (3.93)** (3.30)** )RËÑÍà 0.0209 0.0216 0.0298 (2.43)* (2.14)* (1.98)* fkt¶Æ„T 0.0263 0.0191 -0.0030 (3.94)** (2.49)* (0.29) š…b 7219 7219 7219 7099 7099 7099 5104 5104 5104 Pseudo R2 0.0243 0.1458 0.1640 0.0097 0.1242 0.1303 0.0039 0.1230 0.1283 19

4

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‘ [ 7 ª| 1975-89 |Þ0Híðê*‰bíaÌM íl, ø_éO D[ 3 2 1975 J‡|Þ0H.°íufí8 …ôÀDÕôÀäÞ| Þvf8íÏéOËòü7, â 1975-79 |Þ0HóÏ 8.62 u, ÁÑ 1980-84|Þ0HóÏ 4.69 u, ƒ7 1985-89 |Þí0Hv, óÏc 2.36 u ¤Õ, ÕôÀ‚f8íÏ6MÚòü, ƒ7 1985-89 |Þí0Hv, ÕôÀ‚f8íÏ˛D…ôÀ‚fíÏó" ¥*(íA¨ Aí <°uh0H|Þ6,f˘kÕôÀ‡øHíªW0§Áý, VÖíÕô Àf6u˘k 1949 J(Ê«É|ÞíÕôÀ‡ùH 9õ,, à‹Bbì 2ÕôÀ‡øHÑ 1949 J‡|Þ6, µóBbíâ ˘ðêYX|Œ˙ í’ eªéý, 1960-64, 1965-69, 1970-74, 1975-79, 1980-84 ¸ 1985-89 |Þ 0H2, f˘kÕôÀ‡øHíªW}Ñ, 99.6%, 99.6%, 97.6%, 73.1%, 33.8%, ¸ 10.7%23 1975/ѤøªW0§-±í}®Ç, ¥¨ÿ7 1975 5‡D5(|Þ6, f`>˙'Ɖí
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‘, ÕôÀfL<kt¶ÆíªWEpéËòk…ôÀf ¤Õ, ÿðê F)7k, ÓOôÀÈfD‚f`>˙'J£)Rk·+Ë–ªWÏæíØ ×, [2éýôÀÈðêF)íÏ?…×í
‘ J,Bbn7Œ_àäÞ`>Aÿí‰bÊ„V0HƉí8”, µó ¥<ÄÖú`>Aÿàí,¯^‹ÑS?²k5, Ê5?F¥<ÄÖ5(, BbøtÇú„VôÀD4È`>Aÿ}ÓíÞòTøã¿ Bbíd¶u, cq²ì 1975 J(|Þ0H,×çœ0íÄÖD‡ø0H 1970-74 |Þ 6ó°,24 Jh0Híðê*Vã¿©ø_A,×çíœ0,25 <sub>Í(¦°ø0</sub> HíaÌœ0TÑv0H,×çíã‚œ0 Ç 4 å|®0Híã‚œ0 ôÀq4íÏæ1.pé, OôÀÈíÏ EÍM/æÊ, ÝBÓ‹í
‘ 1975 |Þí…ôã2 Þ4, ,×çíã‚ œ0}Ñ 10.71% ¸ 9.88%, 7Õôã2 Þ4íã‚œ0†}Ñ 17.13% ¸ 16.10% ƒ7 1989|Þí0H, …ôã2 Þ4íã‚œ0}ÓÑ 19.12% ¸ 17.70%, Õôã2 Þ4†ÓÑ 30.24% ¸ 29.21% çÍ, ¥šíã¿u^ ÊwFÕÊ!Z.‰ícq-, Bb1„5?X#Þí×çKÞbí‰A ø_ péæÊ/M/ªWí‰Au, 1980 H‚JV×瓦0í×ÙTò, ¥ øàSà`>Aÿí²ìÄÖuM)¿pû˝í{æ, JyÄüËR,„V 0H,×çœ}íôÀÏæ Oâ‡Þ‡ú 1965-1969 D 1970-74 |Þ0Hí ªœ, ¥íêÛuKÞbíØ"¥7U))RËíà‰Ó# Ĥ, BbN ˛³—DíÜâó]͸È`>AÿíÏ, }Ä×çÊ 1990 HíM/× ÙØ"7FZ¾ ¹U×瓦0Ó‹B 70%, âkÅ2H“(}¼`>í Ù²¬˙, ª×çAb´°ø|Þ0HíªWEÑýb26_{Éb2üç`>¹”</sub> 24<sub>Bb6t7J1960-74|ÞíFš…TÑã¿„Ví!&,!‹D¦1970-74|Þ0HÑ!</sub> &í!‹éN 25<sub>probitc¦2¨Öíj„‰bôÀ2 42 ‚f`>˙'2 |Þv‚f8£8ajá2 ð} êF)2 )RË–¸fk„¶Æ„T 26_{cqÅ2H“Þêr¯çBò22 ò<Cüù,}¼`>í\µU)¯ò2íªWÌ„Ê30%,µó} 70%í×瓦0¿Öíu21%í×çÞ´°8A¨íªW

Ç_{4: 1975-89|Þ0Hÿè×çíã‚œ0} 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.15 …ôã4 …ôÞ4 Õôã4 ÕôÞ4 |Þ í͸ϳ…¡,27 _{×çKÞbíØ"@̶òü͸A¨Þ×çªWí} Ï, µóóú@íôÀÈíÏø}M/æÊ

5

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Bbªø¥Uà 1979-92 í ˘ðêYX|Œ˙ 2, 8Ñ 18-19 uíä

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‘ f`>˙'ÏØ×, .°kl‡0HÏòüí3bŸÄufF˘0H í.° 1975 J‡|ÞíÕôÀA¨, fŒ˛·˘k 1949 J‡|Þí Õô‡øH, âkãÞªWíbyJ£o‚\Aú›A!uíÌ„, U)!uÞ äívÈD`>˙'AŠóÉ ¥hÕôÀA¨ 1975J(|Þí0H, f u 1949 (Ê«É|ÞíÕô‡ùHíªWVò, wÞúíu.yuø_ 4ªWbyíul+Ò, w!uvÈD`>˙'×éOŠóÉí8”.+æ Ê ¤Õ, ÿ)RË7k, ÓOc_þ}·+“˙'íTò, A¨)Rk«”+C wF·+Ë–íªWVò OâkÕôÀA¨Ÿ…˛%œòíªW)R k·}–, 1975 J(|Þí0H, ÕôÀ)Rk«”+DwF·+Ë–ªW Ó‹í§', 6œ…ôÀA¨Ó‹í§'Ñ0 Bkf„Tkt¶Æíà, âk`>^Œ‘í½b4Ê 1970-74 |Þ0H˛.éO, ôÀÈf„Tkt ¶ÆªWíÏæI Áý, @ÌŒkòü`>AÿíÏæ ,íVz, à‹ 1980 H(‚JV×çí0§Ø", 1³éOòü͸ç Þ,×çœ0Ïæí^‹, µóâôÀÈ‚`>˙'D)RË–íÏæõV, ÖÍÊ−„7wF½b‰b(, ôÀ1.u²ì`>AÿíÄÖ, Jú„V0H ›ÀËJôÀT–}, ôÀÈ`>AÿíÏæø}M/æÊ Ûæ͸`>’ÄíÏ, Î7wñ%‘íÏÕ, ´’¹”íÏuÇø ØJLwí½æ âk͸cñÞºœ?íÏæ, ¸ˆË–Ê`´²Ïÿ“Ëõ v6Tkš‘, `>’Äí͸Ïucñ͸Ïíø= à‹bJ°ø_` >œ}`ª?.D_Aðê*óÉí8”, \µ@_‰kÁÿ‚DäÞ` >AÿíóÉ4, 1òs͸`>’ÄíÏ, Wà…a͸ȩÞ`>X|í Ï, J£Tò¸ˆË–`´íF)JÜùi‘í´’ ͸Ïøu„Vþ} }tí½b;Ä, M)M/ò~hô

6

¡5d.

Ù‰C (1999)ø*ü+Hí«É¼$!ZD¼A«, N«Éþ}û˝$…˚,

36, 1-35

Ù±õ (1993)íˇ¦uí(‹: ôÀ¦uúkíˇ°“íà, NAd£þ}”

çÕ…˚, 6:1, 231-267 Ù,Ù2 χÁD"&é (1986) `>!Z‰dD`>œ}Ì2, -k¡½ÄD ıLM) N«Éþ}Dd“‰d˚ ,w, 353-378, «”: 2Ûû˝Í¬íç û˝Fù…ı<‡ 16 U «Éô\A3lT (1971) N«Éô$lTb— A¬ÅúüBüý«” +ZÍ8+¢˚, «Éô\A3lT «Éô\A¬\M (1972) N2M¬Å«ÉA¨$l~…˚, 7:6 W\ÍE¨ŒT (1992) N2M¬Åþ*«¨Ë–E¨£R†ŒÑµ˚, W\ÍE¨ŒT W\ÍÅ›¢Î˝ëv.ûãº} (1994) NW\ÍÅ›¢Î˝ëv.ûãº} $l¡˚, W\ÍÅ›¢Î˝ëv.ûãº} †Pp (1968) NvV«ÉA¨þ}Ó‹5û˝˚, «Éô¨ÞT«ÉA¨û˝2 - Ø4, (1997) «É¼$¼AííˇÏ棟Ä, N«Éþ}çû˝˚, 1, 137-167. Š£DŠ#3 (1993) «ÉË–®íˇí%ÈÏæ, -k"_=2O NíˇÉ [DÅðw°˚, 101-160, «”: “#|þ Š#3D†îÝ (1999) «É¨2 î2 Õôíˇðê254’ĺ0, NAd£ þ}”çÕ…˚, 11:4, 475-528 £¯œ2 †?CD„:Î (1994) vŸþ}‰dDþ}<²|ŒíÀøD`>˙ '}&,-kYSs3) N«É¬Víþ}<²˚, 333-361, «”: 2Ûû˝ Í2˙Adþ}”çû˝Fù… (33) -«( (1990) ;.D†$— «É W•¬X ííˇÉ[Dw°, N2Ûû˝Í¬ íçû˝FÕ…˚ 69, 107-132, w-k"_=2O NíˇÉ[DÅðw°˚, 279-325, «”:“#|þ `>¶ (1999) N2M¬Å`>$l˚, `>¶$lT

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U.S. Bureau of Census (1998) Table A-2. Percent of People 25 Years Old and Over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Ori-gin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 1998,

Ë“

A

D(â×ÐB«É×dLíAb2 4 ADW“}0

A.1 AbD4 A

à W‡kX FH, D(ÕôÀA¨d.B«ÉíAb˝§Öý, ®<,líb

åk 100 B 150 N5È, á;³ì 3bí˚ØÊko‚ÕôÀÛ˝5

ÊЛA1³CÑEÀ, ÕôÀã4›AÉÊ¢˝(CÑEÀ, n}ÊEÀ $l’e2|Û ¤øÌ„ÖÊ 1969 ÄÛ˝›AíÑpEÀ$l7×)j ², OUà 1969 5(íEÀ$l’eø³ÕwÈħ C.¬íÁýíÕô ÀA¨ ÇøjÞ, ÕôÀÞ4íAb, Ö͌˛³ÄÑuÛ˝›A7.\¨ ÖÊo‚EÀ$l’eí½æ, OuÄÑ…ôÀÞ4ÊDÕôÀã4¦uvª ²ÏZ*ÚÀ, A¨$l2ÕôÀÞ4Abu\ò,2 1.£üíbå

…dS¦í,–j¶u, ílUà 1956  WE¨ŒX 2, ÕôÀA¨Y

V«MD4–}í’e, ÄÑvŸŒ1.¨ÖÛ˝›A, Bbªâ¤×) ÕôÀA¨22 Ý›AíAb QO, BbUàvŸE¨Œ2, ÕôÀA¨Ê

1950J‡|Þ6íAb, VR,vwÄÑÛ˝›A™M2 7³\¨ÖÊE

¨ŒíÕôã4íAb ¤Õ, Bb6J¢.}•¬é0í$l’e, VDR ,ƒí›Abñóªú [ A1.1: D(V«ÕôAYV«MD4} ã Þ _{l ªW} 1945 6,822 1,093 7,915 1.2% 1946 18,062 8,860 26,922 4.2% 1947 23,594 10,745 34,339 5.4% 1948 61,679 36,901 98,580 15.4% 1949 199,026 104,681 303,707 47.4% 1950 58,604 22,483 81,087 12.7% 1951 8,465 5,099 13,564 2.1% 1952 6,632 3,380 10,012 1.6% 1953 13,932 5,408 19,340 3.0% 1954 10,829 4,022 14,851 2.3% 1955 15,459 11,379 26,838 4.2% 1956 1,620 1,297 2,917 0.5% ,l 424,724 215,348 640,072 100.0%

[ A1.1 ª|D(V«ÕôA2Ý›A, YV«MD4–}íAb Õô AV«íM3bÕ2k 194821949 ¸ 1950 2 3 , =´FAbí 72.8%

19505(ý¶}ÕôÀA¨Ð/dLV«, òƒ 1956 vÉ” 2,917 A B

¤, ¥øšA¨×d.@˛×_êA, ,lÕôAd«íÝ›AA¨ 640,072 A, w2ã4 424,724 A, Þ4† 215,348 A

QO, Ñ7,lo‚.\¨ÖÊEÀ’e2íÕôÀ›A, BbUàvŸ WE ¨ŒX 2 1950 J‡|ÞAb퉓VR,ÕôÀã4›AAb ÖÍ, [

A1.1éý 1950 J(EÕôAV«, OÑ7fn½µl–k 1950 J(|Þ

k«ÉíÕôA, /5?›AV«v@BýÑÜý, J 1950 Ñä, @ª^ Ù²|›Abñ [ A1.2 ª| 1956 2 1966 ¸ 1970  WE¨ŒX 2, …ôÀ DÕôÀA¨íãÞAb

[ A1.2: vŸE¨Œ2 1950 J‡|ÞAb

…ôÀ ÕôÀ

ã Þ _ã Þ

1956 3,165,477 3,240,894 455,274 259,323 1966 3,057,678 2,957,221 823,084 381,716 1970 2,647,956 2,536,366 784,830 436,870

’eVÄ:vŸ WE¨ŒX1956Œ’e.¨Ö›A

ÊR,ÕôÀã4›AAb5‡, BbªJlâÕôÀÞ4Ab퉓hô …ôÀÞ4ÄDÕôÀã4¦u7yZÀøí8$ ÕôÀÞ4â 1956 í 259,323 A, Ó‹Ñ 1966 í 381,716 A, Ó‹7 122,393 A B 1970  v¢Ó‹7 55,154 A , ®ƒ 436,870 A ⤪ø, ôÀ¦uí8$óç Z ¤Õ, Bbªâ.¨Ö›Aí 1956 Œ¸ 1966 ŒíÕôÀã4 l–|ÕôÀ›Aíbñ, @Ñ 823,084-455,274=367,810 A JcqÕôÀ ã4D…ôÀã4Ê¥ 10 Èó°í§ 0 (3.4%), µóÕôÀ›A@ 823,084 1−3.4% − 455, 274 = 396, 780 A ¥_bñªD¢.}$l핬é0b ñTøªœ ;W¢.})uí N$l¡˚ FtÓ핬é0–”, 1952 B 1994È, ¢.}¢Î˝›=ëvu 443,037 A, O¥_bñ6¨Ö7…ô ÀA¨/è˝¢'íA¨, 6¨Ö7ý¶}íÞ4›=ë õÒíÕôÀã4 ›A@ýk¢.}é0í,Ab Ĥ, Bb,)íAb 396,780 @uø_¯Ü íbñ

[ A1.3 ª|Bb,líD(ÕôÀA¨d.B«ÉíAb£4 A Õ ôÀA¨d.B«Éí,l 1,036,852 A, w2Þ4 215,348 A, ã4Ý› A 424,724 A, ã4›A 396,780 A, ãÞ4ªWò® 3.81 JJ 1946  N…ôÀA¨ 6,059,139 Al–, ÕôÀ.pA¨=U«ÉA¨Ó‹= 17.1%

[ A1.3: D(d.B«ÉíÕôÀAb ›A Ý›A l 4ªW ã 396,780 424,724 821,504 3.81 Þ _215,348 ,Ab 1,036,852 A.2 W“ A

ÄÑòQ‡úV«ÕôÀA¨W“ A’eíÿˇ, …dc‡úøOwÑ, Î7 ›A5Õ, ÕôÀA¨Õ2ít`¶Æ, ªœôÀÈÊt`¶Æ}0íÏæ [

A2.1 ª| 1956N.¨Ö2Û\Aít`Aºb´ç WE¨ŒX 2 25-64

uÝ›AA¨íªW

[ A2.1: t`Aº1_{´ 25-64 uA¨íªW}

…ôÀ ÕôÀ l t`Aºb 76,616 41,446 118,062 1956Œ2 3,346,890 515,918 3,862,808 25-64uA¨b ªW 2.29% 8.03% 3.05% 1<sub>.¨Ö2Û\Aít`Aº</sub> ’eVÄ: 1956 WE¨ŒX ¸ W«Éô$lTbX â[ A2.1 éý, 1956 N,b 118,062 Aít`Aº2, = 35.1% ÑÕôÀ óúkôÀq8Ê 25-64 uíA¨, 2.29% í…ôAÑt`Aº, ÕôÀA¨ íªWÑ 8.03% ¤øRQíªW, 3buÄÑ’e.¨ÖÀ˘k2Û\Aít `Aº, O˛ªõ|ÕôÀA¨œ…ôÀA¨Õ2kt`Aº¶Æ ÄÑ’eí Ì„, Bb6̶yªø¥ÿt`Aº<2íòQ, ªWôÀÈÏæíªœ

A.3 `>˙'

V«ÕôÀA¨, D…ôÀA¨óœœòí`>˙' DW“ Aí}0é N, Bb6ÿˇòQ‡úV«ÕôÀA¨í`>˙'T}éí’e, Bb·úV «ÕôA`>˙'íj¶u, J 1946-1951 ÈEÀép’e2, ,A¨`> ˙'퉓, VhôÕôÀA¨í·p, ú«ÉA¨5`>˙'íà [ A3.1 ª| 1946 ¸ 1951 N, Å 6 uJ,A¨5`>˙'í}0

[ A3.1: EÀépA¨b, O`>˙'}

—Å 6 uJ,A¨ ¯l ×ù _{ò2< 2<} Åü£J-1946N 4,958,038 18,910 56,552 126,176 4,756,400 1951N 6,273,116 83,353 194,281 332,880 5,662,602 Ó‹Ab 1,315,078 64,443 137,729 206,704 906,202 ’eVÄ:W«Éô$lTbX

[ A1.1 }&ÕôAV«Abv, Bb˛øÕôAV«M3bÕ2Ê 1950 J‡, [ A3.1 ÀUËéý×ù`>˙'â 1946 Ní 18,910 A, ƒ7 5  (í 1951 N, Ó‹Ñ 83,353 A, Ó‹7 64,443 A, ¥w2çͨÖ…ô ÀA¨¸ÊD(êA×ù`>˙'íA¨ ;W W2M¬Å`>$lX, 1950 ¸ 1951 H“íù”Þ¸ç=c 2,888 A, ªc¥<Ó‹í×ùA¨, " ×ÖbuV«íÕôÀA¨ ¥6éý, ÕôÀ.pA¨éO˪…ôÀA¨ œòí`>˙'

Differences of Educational Attainment among Ethnic and Gender Groups

Abstract

This paper investigates the differences of educational attainment among ethnic and gender groups in Taiwan, discusses the sources and contemplates the future trend of these differences. Data from 1990 census shows that Mainlander males have the largest proportion of being college graduates and the highest number of schooling years for cohorts born in 1935-65 while Taiwanese females have the low-est educational attainment. For the cohort born in 1965, the gender differences within ethnic groups have disappeared while the difference between Mainlander and Taiwanese is decreasing but still significant. Using data from Household In-come and Expenditure Survey, probit regression results show that, for cohorts born in 1960-74, the most important determinant of entry to college is parental educa-tional attainment. Grown up in Taipei or other urban area is the next important determinant while the importance of governmental education subsidies to public employees is diminishing. For the cohorts born between 1975 and 1989, since the gap of parental education between ethnic groups does not shrink, and the Main-laders are moving into urban area faster than the Taiwanese, family background variables indicate that the differences of educational attainment between ethnic groups will persist.

Keywords: educational attainment, ethnicity, gender, urban/rural discrepency JEL classification: I21, J16, N35, R58