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從反懷疑論的角度來看戴維森的詮釋理論

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(39) -00. 1~.~g~~~~E~.EE~og~-~~~~~~~~.[l~.~K~~~~EE~~~.~o. ~11. 0. - ~~~~nnK~~~.~~m:fb'~~~~~E~~.~ 1~.4r~~m:fb'~~. •• -~~~~W~.~~-~~~~ •• ~.~~~~E~~~. ~~~E~~~~~~~~~o~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~g€~~~. 0. [~ I E~E.$.~o~~~~~~. 1~nnK~~E~~~.. •••~E~~og~gg~~.~~E-~~~~.~I~~~. .~-~~~~*~~K~~~:fb'~.~.~.~:fb'~~EH~o~~~~~~~~~:fb'.~.~-~~ ~~~~~~:fb'~~*~~~~~.~. E.~-=.~~~~~.~~E~.~.-~~I~e.~.~~~.W€I~.~.Eo~~~-nnK. ~~f@:.~~m:fb'~ - 1M~~~~:fb'~~.~lj!f:~·++1~.~.~:!tI1l~:fb~~.~~~~\1J>(!I~'~~E~~ ••~-W€E.~~~~m~~E~~~~~-~~-W€~.~~I~~~.~*R~. Eo~~~~. - ~~~nm1¥$ - ~~~~.~ElIt:~~MI~~. S~E~.o~~~~.~~-~~.~.~~~.~~mE~-~~.~~~E~~~~~~-~~~ R~Ell!JI!~~~~~Eo .~~!I~'~:£iII~~~~fMElj!f:~·W"Rational Animals"~. :fb'.~-~~w~.:fb'~m~M~og~~~gE-=.-~~W~.~~~~.:fb'~~-~~~MI~~. ~.~~~~~.~~~og~~~.E-W€.~E.~~~~~~~~~:fb'o. #lim!+-. .. I@~g~~~. ••••• ·W~~~~$.~~~.. •••~~~~.g~~W~ •• ,~~,.~.~~~g~~·~~,~~~~~~g.~o~~.. IIII[[~. 8~. ~.~~g.~·~~.@g~~·a~.~.~~@g~~$.~(ilie).~o.

(40) S@~.(~u~)~~~~~~~-~~~~~.~~~~~.I~~~mo.~~~-~."~~~~~~.@rn~~. 0. 0. W~• • ~. !I!I~~~W~~~+<Ul\KjIIj(.w. 0. (mlli~,~ • •. (I963)1l-@;to;;;j\,I!j~!I~l@~~. ti:l@:~$!O(~~~~~~l*I€JK-O(~~.~~'-~o(~~.~. ( 1985d ) : 87·89. ( ( 1985b): 475) ~. 0. 0. ~~~.~.~~e~~.~1l@~.~I1~.~-.~. 1 ~iljqI~~-p<. "Actions, Reasons, and Causes". - ~W !i.i~~ -. €~~~~~~*~.~~~€~~~ o ~~~~• • ~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~E~~~~~-~~~~~N~ ~l¢WiljqI!II#!.~~ ~~~l@l*I€J~K-o(~~~:;~. WilKa~M~~~l1 o. _ ~~4[]l*+<1+1~-S~.~. 8 • • ~-~~K-~.~I.~~.~-~~~.~~.E.~ o ~. ( 1977) :146; (1985b ): 475. 1982 ) , [1985a] ~ ( 1985c ) 1l-;to;;~~Hlt,!"'#i;I'tti~~~~Ia'Wil~~11. 6~m,Ili*HN'>~ • • @~ • • W (. i!h~. -. 0. ~• •. - ( 1989 ) -. 1 95~. ( 1991a ) - 200. 0. ~ • • ~K-~~. - ~~E{+w::~!t1g~~~~\w;ifl!!l!;l!!\:~!"tl.J>(~~{l.l. 0*tiiN~~rIN~~-p<{+~~*" < !t.mlll1n' ~rINmJ:~ • • :ll;'lll$::~.\!l~> (~~~~+<.~l*,~~ / ~K~' !!l{~ < +~~. -. 1 m:::)N~H:jl& @Hl~*. ~~Ia'~~. 0. ~~,~~~:Ij[]:r.a~~ - ~~I~~~~E-K" fi><. - ~.K-~~ii\i!lf\~ - I ~~Ia'~l!fl~lll!!%tH~Etf.l. - ~ • • Ell l $::;re).\!l1tf~~NI1\l1~£IR~ ~~(~!t1glll1n)mJ:~~NJ!I!Ii~E 1 ~lIat~~f;IE·-.I~ln. ~~~~E.~-e~-@~~-r~~E~~~._\w;~~~I$!~.J-~~~m~~~~ifl!!l.E~~~~o( • •. • - ( 1987) - 450). 0. N - ~ • • ~lll$::~.'lt~~rINI1\l1~£~'req~!I.1g~ln~!t1g~~f;IE e!I!I~w~ • • I~IIT~jIIj(.1'--. ~o~~-~~~W~E~E-W~ • • ~i!h~1l--~l@~~~~~E~-~~~K-Wil~ii\~E~~~"~~~~l. ~ o e~~$!-S~I1~K- • • ~ • • ~~.~E~~ o. -=­.

(41) • 200 0. 0. • 159 0 • 201. ( 1997 ) • 23 0. .. i'i~*lt. (1982 ) • 478-80~ ( 1991c ) • 161-2. @~*' . i'i~IHit· ( 1991a) @~*' . i'i~*It. ( 1991b ) . i'i~*It. ( 1991a ) ®~*' ~.g. . •~*It.. ©m,llinD; • ~$*,. Davidson, Donald. 0. - - (1963) . "Actions, Reasons, and Causes", reprinted in Davidson, 1980, pp. 3-19. - - ( 1970). "Mental Events", reprinted in Davidson, 1980, pp. 207-27. - -( 1973) . "Psychology as Philosophy", reprinted in Davidson 1980, pp. 229-244.. -="". - -(1974) . "On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme", reprinted in Davidson 1984, pp.183-98. - - (1975). "Thought and Talk", reprinted in Davidson 1984, pp. 155-70.. - -( 1977) . "The Method of Truth in Metaphysics", reprinted in Davidson 1980, pp. 199-214. - - ( 1980) . Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford: Clarendon Press.. - - (1982). "Paradoxes of Irrationality", in Richard Wollheim & James Hopkins (eds.), Philosophical. - ( 1984). Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.. Essays on Freud, pp. 289-305. Cambridge: University Press.. -.

(42) - - (1985a). "Deception and Division", reprinted in E. LePore & B.P. McLaughlin (eds. ), Actions and. Events: Perspectives on The Philosophy of Donald Davidson, pp. 138-48. Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1985.. ~- (1985b) . "Rational Animals", reprinted in E. LePore & B.P. McLaughlin (eds.), 1985, pp. 437-80.. - - ( 1985c). "Incoherence and Irrationality". Dialectica, 39, pp. 345-54.. - - (1985d) . "A New Basis for Decision Theory", Theory and Decision, 18, pp. 87-98.. - -(1989). "The Conditions of Thought", reprinted in J. Brandl & W.L. Gombocz (Eds. ), The Mind. of Donald Davidson. Grazer Philosophische Studien, 36, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1989, pp.193-200.. - - ( 1991a). "Epistemology Externalized", Dialectica, 1991,45, pp. 199-202.. - - (1991b ). "Three Varieties of Knowledge", in P.A Griffiths (ed.), AJ. Ayer: Memorial Essays.. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement: 30, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp.153-66.. - - (1992) . "The Second Person", in P.A French. T.E. Uehling jr., H.K. Wettstein (eds.), Midwest. Studies in Philosophy 16, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1992, pp. 256-67.. - - (1993) . "Replies to seventeen essays", in R. Stoecker (ed.), Reflecting Davidson. Berlin; New. - (1996) . "Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective", in P. Coates & D.D. Hutto (eds.), Current Issues. York: de Gruyter, 1993. -. in Idealism. Bristol: The Thoemmes Press, 1996, pp. 155-77.. --(1997). "Seeing Through Language", J. Preston (ed.), Thought and Language. Cambridge: Cam­. bridge University Press, 1997, pp. 15-27. (Proceedings of the 1996 Conference of the Royal Institute of Philosophy. ). -==.

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