ᇃᢊӴୢσᏰҡҡిҐۡөȃҡి!
Ռרਝཐᇄ൷ཾཎϞᜰ߽ଆ˕˕
оଽ้ఀىၥਟ৲࣏ٽ!
!
෬ᓆ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
ኋસ!
ᇃѕѿҳఀىσᏰЖ౩ᇄᒚ୦Ᏸفօ౩ఀ௲!!!ᇃѕѿҳఀىσᏰЖ౩ᇄᒚ୦Ᏸفंـҡ!൦ȃᆱ፣!
! ! ײ൶ՌϏޟۡ՝ؐ՝ߧЍԑܚהؑ ζശৠܾ֨උޟЖ౩ฐኌȂюҡӵ Y жф Ȟ1980-1995 ԑȟޟࡆυȂڧپՌᏽࡣᔉ ڋዘਢфЮҔޟک៖ྱȂޢЀᐠЮҔ1ל ԙᒑυᆧϣᒦޟড়৳ᜰ߽Ȃ։ٺ໌Σσ ᏰܖཾࡣਢϚདώհȂЮҔϫཎЛп ࡆυޟҡࣀܚሯȞឃؾኋȂ2005ȟȄӵԪᆍ ᜰ߽ϸޟᒑυϣଢ଼ϛȂࡆυωџ឴ܻ ೝԊ௶ڷೝؚۡޟΙတȂ࿋тঈംᅚߝσԙ ΡȂઍғ७ᄇڗሯᏵᎬՌϏޟΨپᒵᐅҐ پᙛཾਢ܁܁ོϚޣܚ௩ȂՄӔ࡙ᕻӱԊӒ ޟড়၇Ȅ ! ! ӵ Super Ռר྅܈ี౩፣ϛȂඪڗष ߧЍԑฒݲׇԙಒӫ၎ࢲޟҡిӈ 1 ȶޢЀᐠЮҔȷΙຠپՌ 100 এఀᎴറюࡆυޟᓺ ؾજ೦ȞLoving without spoilingȟΙਪȞন Nancy Samalin and Catherine Whitney, 2003ȟȂཎԟড়ߝல הఖϚौᡱࡆυငᐣӰ܇ຜড়ٱȃןђ፞ ܖϚ ॒ӈޟࡣݎȂܚоড়ߝ൷ޢЀᐠΙኺȂਢਢړ ړӵࡆυ٘҈ᙽȂྥരӵΙএബྮ߬ဴю౪ ਢȂю७၌тঈȄӰՄЮҔ࡞ৠܾ൷ོўୈࡆυ ՌϏ൷џоୈޟٱȄ ਢȂོኇڏᙽϽ࣏ԙΡҡిُՓȄ࣏Οႀ ԙҡిԙዣȂԑሆΡ҆ᄇՌ٘Ԥٗஊޟᕣ ၌ϗԤΨ໌ԤᜰҡిܖᏰཾޟؚۡ Ȟ Ochs & Roessler, 2004 ȟ Ȅ Ж ౩ Ᏸ ড় Erickson ෆ о Ж ౩ ޥ ོ ۽ ጥ Ȟpsychosocial moratoriumȟپߒҰߧЍԑ ӵ໌ΣᙛൟࠉȂΙࢲՌרષޟਢȂആႆ ӻኺࣀଢ଼ޟՌҥᡝᡛϛᇯᜋՌϏȂоጂۡՌ ϏҐپޟПөȂࣺ࿋ິޟΙࢲਢȄЎ ڏӵᙛిПөϚጂۡਢȂჂᓾᏰҡҡిષ ᗚ ө ҡ ి ԙ ዣ ޟ ҆ င ࢲ Ȟ Ochs & Roessler, 2004ȟȄ ! ! ёσЖ౩Ᏸড় James Marcia ӵ 1984 ԑо Erickson ౩፣࣏அᙃȂ໌ԤᜰߧЍԑ ՌרᇯӣޑᄘޟंـȂо 20 ՝ظσᏰҡ࣏ ᄇຫ໌ፙȂభᕣ၌ڧၐޱ֏ϐင࡚ҳ ᄇՌϏޟᙛཾᇄཎᜋלᄘޟᇯӣȂоЅ֏ ϐငᐣܖғӵငᐣୈؚۡޟႆแȞࡾߧЍԑ ޟᇯӣӠᐠȟȄፙ๖ݎ Marcia ᘪઽю ѲᆍᇯӣޑᄘȂڏϛڍᆍ࣏Ԥᜰᇯӣלԙޟ оЅڍᆍᇯӣȄᇯӣלԙѓ֤ Ռ Ϗ ୈ ؚ ۡ ޟ Ռ к ᇯ ӣ Ȟ identityachievementȟڷᒳЮҔೣۡޟткᇯӣ Ȟidentity foreclosureȟȇᇯӣѓ֤ᄇҐ پཐڗ௳Кڷᐊޟ൶ؑᇯӣȞidentity moratoriumȟȂᄇҐپཐڗᒿ༄иϚᜰЖޟ ᇯӣȞidentity confusionȟޑᄘȞMarcia, 1966; Vondracek, Schulenberg, Skorikov, Gillespie, & Wahlheim, 1995ȟȄ
! ! ҡిۡөޟଽճแ࡙фߒএᡝӵ७ᖝ ҡిᐅਢȂᄇڏПөȃҬޟ݂ጂแ࡙ȞЕ Ռ೨൹Ȃ2008ȟȄҡిҐۡөޟߧЍԑџ ܻȶ൶ؑᇯӣȷܖȶᇯӣȷޑᄘȂ ᄇܻҐپޟПөۦӵ௳КڷϚጂۡϛȂؠԤ ݂ጂޟҡిҬȄႆўΙٲࣺᜰंـȞᗂ ඏȂ1989ȇພऍȂ2001ȇߙљᆫȂ2004ȇ ഌڃȂ2006ȟี౪ҡిؚۡ֨ᜲᇄҡిՌ רਝϞڎԤᡗޟࣺᜰȞЕՌጾيȂ 2008ȟȄҥܻҏंـኺҏڥՌᇃᢊଽ้ఀى ᐌӫၥਟ৲ȞTIPEDȟϛȶ2005 Ᏸԑ࡙σ έ୰ڢ፡ࢥȷᇄȶ2006 Ᏸԑ࡙ཾҡᚔਮ ࠉࢺө፡ࢥȷϞԤਝೱਢܒၥਟȂڏϛҡి ҐۡөϞก໔ࡾپՌڧၐޱσέਢ୰ڢ ፡ࢥ๖ݎȂҡిՌרਝϞก໔ࡾ࣏ཾ ҡᚔਮࠉ፡ࢥ๖ݎȂӰԪҏंـоҡిҐۡ ө࣏ႱกᡐȂΟ၌ڏᄇҡిՌרਝޟኇ ࣏դȄ ! ! ӵ Bandura ޟ೩ϛȂՌרਝΡঈ ӵޣᇄޟϛϭᡐȂΡঈོٷՌϏޟ Ψ߬܈ؚۡтঈ௴ڥդᆍଢ଼ȞSwanson & Fouad, 1999ȟȄLentȃBrown ᇄ Hackett ӵ 1993 ԑඪюޥོᇯޣڥөҡిؚۡ፣։о Bandura ޥོᏰಬ౩፣ᇄҡిՌרਝ౩፣ ีՄپޟȞLentȃBrown & Hackett, 1994;
1996ȇ೨൹Ȃ2008ȟȄкौѓ֤έএкौ ޟ྅܈Ռרਝȃ๖ݎႱڷҬޟᒵᐅȂ ڏϛՌרਝڷ๖ݎႱོޢኇҬ ޟᒵᐅȂӰԪȂҡిᒵᐅོޢڧڗҡిՌ רਝܚኇȄ ! ! ӵԤᜰσᏰҡҡిีޟМᝦϛȞങీ วȂ1998ȇӈᑽ࣡Ȃ2004ȇങԇȂ2007ȇ Ochs & Roessler, 2004 ȇ Cunningham, Bruening, Sartore, Sagas & Fink, 2005 ȇ Lindley, 2006ȇLent, Lopez, & Sheu, 2008ȟ ζี౪Ռרਝ߬܈ҡిҬᒵᐅႆแ ϛ१ौޟኇӰυȄՌרਝ߬܈ܚՃ໔ޟ Ϛ༉ΙএΡܚԤޟᗙѓ֤тܚ ഽӈޟแ࡙ȂҡిՌרਝ߬܈Іࢎএᡝӵ ໌ҡిؚۡӈਢޟ߬ЖȂڏϛҡిؚۡ ӈ ѓ ֤ Ο ຟ ե ҡ ి ࣺ ᜰ Ψ ᇄ ȞSwanson & Fouad, 2004ȟȂζ൷רঈσ Ᏸ ఀ ى ϛ ȶ ᙛ ȷ ܖ ᆎ Ϟ ࣏ ȶ ൷ ཾ Ψ Ȟemployment abilityȟޟՌרຟեȄӰԪȂ ҏंـభആႆଟᘪᇄᡒᒮȞlogisticȟଟᘪ ϷݙȂΟ၌σᏰҡσέਢޟҡిҐۡөแ࡙ ᄇҐپҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ཾཎޟኇȂо Ԥօܻড়ߝȃఀৱȃଽ้ఀىᐠᄺܖఀ ى࿋ӵσᏰҡిሄᏲȃ፞แೣგᇄࢇ๊ᔣ ۡਢୈ࣏ՃȂоڞօҐپПөϚጂۡޟσ ᏰҡঈϛငҥՌרષȂײڗՌϏޟҡి ҬȄ ! ! அܻΰक़Ϟंـଢ଼ᐠȂҏंـᘪઽюή ӖඁᘈंـҬޟȄкौंـҬޟԃήȈ Ιȃᕣ၌ᏰਮӵσᏰҡЮҔఀىแ ࡙ȃσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ᇄҡిҐۡөᇄ൷ཾ ཎޟ৯לȄ
ΠȃϷݙএΡधශӰશᄇҡిҐۡөᇄҡ ిՌרਝޟኇלȄ έȃᔮຜҡిҐۡөȃҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ཾ ཎϞᜰ߽Ȅ! ѲȃᆣӫଆኇσᏰҡ൷ཾཎޟএΡ ӰશȄ
ຯȃࣺᜰंـӱ!
! ! ߖඁԑپϱσᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄҡ ిᒵᐅϞࣺᜰंـี౪ȂኇσᏰҡҡిҐ ۡөޟএΡӰશѓ֤ȈܒտȃΡਿȃᑹ፸ȃ ড়৳ᕗცȃҡిՌרਝཐȃڙ߬܈Ȟ༁ શȂ2003ȇᗂहೇȂ2003ȇᗂڃ࣡Ȃ2006ȟȇ ՄኇҡిᒵᐅޟӰશࠌѓ֤ȈܒտȃЮҔ ޥငӴ՝ȃᏰਮȃкওȃᏰԙ൷ڷՌ רਝ้ȄܒտП७ȈӵЀᏰؚۡڷఀىᏰ ॒ܲᇄᙛཾ॒ܲП७Ȃظҡᡗଽܻτ ҡȂӰԪظܒᒵᐅЀᏰޟᐠོሉσܻτܒ ȞԧకཏȂ2007ȇቓж፱Ȃ2007ȇҤ҄ȃ ҤȂ2008ȇ෬ऍܑȂ2008ȟȇՄճᏰᐣȃ τܒоЅடऋᏰҡӵᒗᙛП७ШၶϚৠܾ ȞਏȂ2005ȇጾᆵৗȂ2006ȟȂծζԤ ंـᡗҰظܒѶཾၶτܒଽȞҤ҄ȃҤ Ȃ2008ȇ᎒ഽȃࢹסԙȃ߮Ȃ 2008ȟȄޥငӴ՝П७ȂЮҔޟఀىแ࡙ڷ υτޟҡిЀᏰᒵᐅԤଽ࡙ޟғࣺᜰȂڏϛ Юᒑޟఀىแ࡙ᄇυτҡిؚۡޟኇΨ σܻҔᒑޟఀىแ࡙ȂՄЮҔޟᙛཾӴ ՝ȂᄇυτᒵᐅڧЀᏰޟኇϚ݂ᡗȄѪ ޥငనӇၶٹȃۨ՞ӴѿϽแ࡙ଽޱζᗍ ө៉ЀᏰȞԧకཏȂ2007ȇҤ҄ȃҤ Ȃ2008ȟȄ ! ! ᏰਮП७ȂϴҳσᏰཾҡᒵᐅЀ ᏰޟџܒଽܻؽҳσᏰҡȂծѶཾᐠζ ШؽҳᏰਮپுଽȂՄᙛਮϞϴؽҳᏰ ਮӵԪڍП७ࣱฒ৯ȞдරȂ2007ȇԧక ཏȂ2007ȇҤ҄ȃҤȂ2008ȇ෬ऍܑȂ 2008ȇ᎒ഽ้ΡȂ2008ȟȇкওП७Ȉं ـี౪൷ऋفϚོኇཾҡᒗᙛޟᐠ ȂфߒؠԤ๘ᄇᒗᙛᓺ༖ܖӛ༖ޟऋفȄ ڏϛཾܻᔖҢܒၶଽᏰߞޟσᏰҡȂٽԃ ఀىᏰȃ༈ኬᏰȃѴᇭᏰЅ୦ᏰȂौ Шө౩፣ܖஅᙃंـϞ౩ᏰȂ༊өᒵᐅ ൷ཾȞݓ࿅নȂ2006ȇጾᆵৗȂ2006ȇдරȂ 2007ȇቓж፱Ȃ2007ȇҤ҄ȃҤȂ2008ȇ ෬ऍܑȂ2008ȟȄ൷Ᏸԙ൷ՄِȂσᏰ ཾԙᕼ௶ӪཕԁޟᏰҡȂᒵᐅ៉ЀᏰޟᐠ ོཕσȂԙᕼճޱ༊өᒵᐅ൷ཾȞдරȂ 2007ȇԧకཏȂ2007ȇҤ҄ȃҤȂ2008ȟȄ ! ! ൷ՌרਝՄِȂങԇӵ 2007 ԑޟ ंـϛี౪ᏰಬငᡛᗶณฒݲޢႱก൷ ཾΨȂծࠓആႆՌרਝȂᏰಬငᡛᄇ൷ ཾΨԤᡗޟਝݎȞങԇȂ2007ȟȇ ՄԑឭЅώհငᡛᇄҡిؚ๊Ռרਝࣱ ԤᡗғࣺᜰȂфߒԑឭཕσȂᄇՌϏޟ ΨູԤ߬ЖȇՄώհငᡛູӻȂζོԤၶଽ ޟՌרਝ߬܈Ȟӈᑽ࣡Ȃ2004ȟȄԤଽ ҡిՌרਝޱၶலՃኌҐپޟҡిᒵ ᐅȂиڏҡిᒵᐅጒ൜ၶ࣏ቶኄȂѪѴȂҡ ిՌרਝζτܒؚۡҡిᒵᐅޟ१ौ ࡾȂτܒӵ༈ಛᙛཾϞՌרਝᡗଽܻ ߨ༈ಛᙛཾȂظܒࠌฒ݂ᡗϚӣȂӰԪτܒ ၶৠܾڧܒտኇᒵᐅ༈ಛޟᙛཾȞ೨ీ ᕬȃኈᄸȂ1999ȇ༁ؾᕬȂ2007ȟȄ! ! ҏंـॶӑઽΣএΡधශᡐଆڏ ᄇҡిҐۡөȃҡిՌרਝޟኇȂ ᔮຜҡిҐۡөȃҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ཾཎ ޟኇᜰ߽ȂശࡣᆣӫଆኇσᏰҡ൷ཾ ཎޟএΡӰશȄ
ȃंـПݲ!
! ! ҏंـоᇃᢊӴୢ 2006 Ᏸԑ࡙ϞσᏰ ᔖ۩ཾҡ࣏ंـᄇຫȂଆҡిҐۡөแ ູ࡙ଽϞσᏰҡᄇՌ٘ҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ ཾཎޟኇȄ Ιȃၥਟپྛᇄंـώڎ! ! ! ҏंـኺҏپՌᇃᢊଽ้ఀىᐌӫၥ ਟ৲ܚភюޟ໔Ͻၥਟ໌ϷݙȂTIPED Ҭࠉҥᇃᢊৱσдᝋఀ௲кࡻȂԪၥਟ৲ ف឴ܻড়ޟၥਟ৲Ȃᇔӻ७өޟσᏰ ҡၥਟȂѓࢂᏰಬᕗცȃఀᏰ௩ࢊоЅᏰҡ ޥငधශȃᏰಬԙݎȃཾҡ൷ཾᇄ໌ওޑ ݷ้ȄٮঙڎᐗᘞܒЅᖃೱܒϷݙђȂӵ ܪኺһՃ໔ਮȃᏰߞЅӨᏰҡޟ೩ॎ ȞЕՌඇි݂ȃങ㈥ПȂ2008ȟȄӵԪᓺ༖ ήȂԪၥਟ৲џඪټҏंـӵ१ौᡐޟၥ ਟȂڏᖃೱܒၥਟџᕣ၌σᏰҡޟᏰಬध ශȇܪኺ೩ॎϛџ໌ᏰਮϞШၶϷ ݙȄԪंـܚ௴Ң TIPED ϛȶ2005 Ᏸԑ࡙ σέ୰ڢ፡ࢥȷᇄȶ2006 Ᏸԑ࡙ཾҡᚔ ਮࠉࢺө፡ࢥȷϞԤਝೱਢܒኺҏȄ ! ! ȶ2005 Ᏸԑ࡙σέଡᙹ୰ڢ፡ࢥȷ ٷྱӨடਮᇔپޟஅҏၥਟȞҔᡝȟ໌ ܪኺȂٷᏰਮȃΪΤᏰߞȞఀىഋಛॎ ྥȟЅ٘ӋտϷቹȂܪኺШٽ࣏ 25%Ȃ ӨᏰߞΡኵՍЍ 30 ΡȃӨਮΡኵՍЍ 100 ΡȂӓॎܪю 49,609 ΡȂ፡ࢥӱԝӓ 26307 ӋȂӱԝ࣏ 67.83炴炻፡ࢥࢊก࣏ 2005 ԑ 10 ТӋՍ 2006 ԑ 2 ТӋȞඇි݂Ȃ2007ȟȄ ! ! Մȶ2006 Ᏸԑ࡙ཾҡᚔਮࠉࢺө፡ ࢥȷ௴ලࢥПԒȂӓӱԝ 203,046 ӋȂӱ ԝ 75.7ʦȂ፡ࢥࢊก࣏ 2007 ԑ 3 Т ӋଔՍ 2007 ԑ 12 ТӋХȞඇි݂Ȃ2008ȟȄ ҏंـ௴ҢσέЅσѲϞଡᙹၥਟȂӰԪܪ ڥΠԩ୰ڢԤڧกϞԤਝኺҏၥਟȂџٺ Ңኺҏӓ 29911 ΡȄ ΠȃࣺᜰӪຠࣨۡ! 1. ҡిҐۡөȈHolland ڷ Holland ӵ 1977 ԑඪюҡిҐۡөࡾএΡᄇՌרᇯӣڷ ᙛཾᇯӣཐޟלԙԤ֨ᜲȂζ൷ᇳȂএ ΡۦฒݲᄇܻՌϏҡిีޟПөୈю ᒵᐅܖؚۡȞSamuel, 1999ȇסਥȂ 2002ȟȄӵҏंـϛ௴Ңȶ2005 Ᏸԑ࡙ σέ୰ڢ፡ࢥȷϛϞၐᚠȶרϚጂۡՌϏ ޟᑹ፸ܖΨȃרٮϚ఼ཿՌϏཾࡣौ ୈϧቄȃᒵᐅкওऋفࠉȂרٮؠԤӻП Ο၌ӨএϚӣޟሴȃרϚጂۡՌϏ֏ ᒵᄇऋفȷ้ѲᚠϞҁ֯Ϸኵ࣏Ԫᄺ܈Ϟ ก໔ࡾȄ 2. ҡిՌרਝȈՌרਝࡾএΡᄇՌϏ ֏ԤΨԙђӴׇԙΙӈޟ߬ ܈ȂՄҡిՌרਝ߽ࡾএΡᄇՌϏҡి ΨޟՌרຟեȞ೨ీᕬȃኈᄸȂ 1999ȟˤӵҏंـϛޟҡిΨࡾȶᙛൟ ΨȷȂ௴ȶ2006 Ᏸԑ࡙σᏰᔖ۩ཾ ҡࢺө፡ࢥȷ୰ڢϛϞၐᚠȶடཾޣᜋᇄȃஅᙃႫသᔖҢȃ౩፣ၼҢڗ ᄂሬώհޟΨȃี௨Ѕ၌ؚώհϛܚᎏ ႄ୰ᚠޟΨ้ȷ12 ᚠϞҁ֯ՌຟϷኵ ࣏ᏰҡҡిΨޟՌרຟեȄ
έȃंـ࢜ᄺ!
! ! ҏंـၼҢଟᘪϷݙσᏰҡҡిҐۡ өᇄҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ཾཎޟᜰ߽Ȃ࢜ᄺ ԃήყΙȄ ყΙ ंـ࢜ᄺѲȃंـᡐ!
! ! ҏंـܚٺҢޟंـᡐЅก໔ࡾ ၏ԃߒΙȂкौϷݙޟᡐ࣏൷ཾཎȂҡ ిՌרਝȂоЅҡిҐۡөแ࡙Ȅधශᡐ ࠌѓ֤ᏰਮȃܒտȃЮҔᙛཾӴ՝ڷ σᏰᏰཾߒ౪Ȅ ȞΙȟ൷ཾཎ! ! ! ก໔ࡾ࣏ڧၐޱཾкौॎห࣏൷ ཾᇄϚ҈ᆗώհȂڏϛᒵᐅ൷ཾޱ 13322 ΡȂϚ҈ᆗώհޱ 594 ΡȄ ȞΠȟҡిՌרਝ! ! ! ӵҏंـϛޟҡిՌרਝก໔ࡾ Ȃ௴Ң୰ڢϛϞၐᚠȶடཾޣᜋᇄȃ அᙃႫသᔖҢȃ౩፣ၼҢڗᄂሬώհ ޟΨȃี௨Ѕ၌ؚώհϛܚᎏႄ୰ᚠޟ Ψ้ȷ12 ᚠϞҁ֯ՌຟϷኵ࣏ҡిՌרਝ ޟຟեȄԪ 12 ᚠᐌᡝޟϱഋΙमܒ࡙߬ =.89ȄҏंـоԪᐌᡝϞҁ֯Ϸኵфߒڧ ၐޱᄇՌϏҡిޟՌרਝཐȂϷኵູଽȂ фߒᄇՌϏᙛൟܚሯΨڷҐپᙛిี ູԤ߬ЖȄ ȞέȟҡిҐۡөแ࡙! ! ! ҏंـϛ௴Ң୰ڢϛϞၐᚠȶרϚጂۡ ՌϏޟᑹ፸ܖΨȃרٮϚ఼ཿՌϏཾࡣ ौୈϧቄȃᒵᐅкওऋفࠉȂרٮؠԤӻП Ο၌ӨএϚӣޟሴȃרϚጂۡՌϏ֏ᒵ ᄇऋفȷ้ѲᚠȂငкӰυڥݲܪڥΙ ғఱԾךਏૈ! ൩ཀᜫ! ғఱ҂ۓӛำࡋ! Ꮲਠᜪࠠ! ঁΓङඳ! ܄ձǵР҆ ௲ػำࡋǵ Ꮲ߄!
!এӰશȂԪӰυџ၌ភ 64.52%ޟᖂᡐ ໔ Ȃ Ӱ શ ॒ ໔ ࣼ ᚠ Ҭ ڷ Ӱ શ ޟ ࣺ ᜰ ӵ.70~.78 ϞȂџޣԪѲএᚠҬࣱџก໔ юҡిҐۡөԪΙᄺ܈ȂϱഋΙमܒ࡙߬ =.82 ឴ϛ࡙ڗଽ࡙ޟ࡙߬๖ݎȂџޣᐌᡝ Մِڎيԁޟ߬ਝ࡙ȄήߒΙ֕౪ҏंـ१ ौᡐϞϱৠᇳ݂ȃก໔ࡾᇄජक़ಛॎᇳ ݂Ȅ ߒΙ ᡐޟϱৠᇳ݂ᇄජक़ಛॎ ᡐ ᡐ! ! ޟ! ก! ໔ ජ! क़! ಛ! ॎ ҡిҐ ۡө ᚠҬ࣏ȈȶרϚጂۡՌϏޟᑹ፸ܖΨȷȂȶרٮϚ఼ཿՌϏ ཾࡣौୈϧቄȷȂȶᒵᐅкওऋفࠉȂרٮؠԤӻПΟ၌Ө এϚӣޟሴȷȂȶרϚጂۡՌϏ֏ᒵᄇऋفȷ ॎϷПԒȈ 1=ߨலϚಒӫ 2=Ϛಒӫ 3=ಒӫ 4=ߨலಒӫ Ѳᚠҁ֯ϷኵູଽȂфߒҡిҐۡөแູ࡙ଽȄ M SD Min Max 2.60 .67 1 4 ҡిՌ רਝ ᚠҬ࣏ȈȶடཾޣᜋᇄȷȂȶߒႀᇄྜΨȷȂȶ౩፣ ၼҢڗᄂሬώհޟΨȷȂȶี௨Ѕ၌ؚώհϛܚᎏႄ୰ᚠޟ ΨȷȂȶஅᙃႫသᔖҢȷȂȶடཾᜌྱܖࣺᜰΨȷȂȶي ԁޟሴᏲΨȷȂȶღӫհΨȷȂȶᄇՌϏޟᙛిีԤш Ϸޟᕣ၌ЅೣგȷȂȶΟ၌ԤᜰޟཾᕗცᇄีלȷȂȶڎ ԤؑᙛЅ௰ՌϏޟΨȷȂȶዅᢎ७ᄇᙛిีࠉශȂᑖ ྃΣ౪ᙛȷȄ ॎϷПԒȈ 1=ׇӒҐڎര 2=Ґڎര 3=ڎര 4=шϷڎര ΪΠᚠҁ֯ϷኵູଽȂфߒՌឈԤၶଽޟҡిՌרਝཐȄ M SD Min Max 2.77 .41 1 4 ЮҔᒑ ఀى แ࡙ ॎϷПԒȈЮᒑఀىแ࡙ᙽԙఀىԑኵ 1=ωȞ6 ԑȟ 2=ϛȞ9 ԑȟ 3=ଽϛᙛȞ12 ԑȟ 4=டऋȞ15 ԑȟ 5=σᏰȞ16 ԑȟ 6=ंـܚоΰȞ18 ԑȟ ϷኵູଽȂфߒఀىแູ࡙ଽȄ Юᒑఀىแ࡙ M SD Min Max 11.66 3.46 6 18 Ҕᒑఀىแ࡙ M SD Min Max 10.79 3.37 6 18 Ᏸཾ ߒ౪ ᚠҬ࣏ȈσᏰҁ֯ޟᏰཾԙᕼȉ 1=60Ϸоή 2=60-69Ϸ 3=70-79Ϸ 4=80-89Ϸ 5=90Ϸ оΰ ॎϷПԒȈ ϷኵູଽȂфߒσᏰߒ౪ູԁ M SD Min Max 3.23 .72 1 5 Ᏸਮ ॎϷПԒȈ 1=ϴҳσᏰ 2=ϴҳᙛ3=ؽҳσᏰ 4=ؽҳᙛ ϴҳσᏰ 6935 Ρ(23.2%) ϴҳᙛ 2823 Ρ(9.6%) ؽҳσᏰ 11578 Ρ(38.7%) ؽҳᙛ 8525 Ρ(28.5%)
ᡐ ᡐ! ! ޟ! ก! ໔ ජ! क़! ಛ! ॎ ൷ཾ ཎ ᚠҬ࣏ȈௌҬࠉശкौޟॎห࣏ ٷӱ๎ 1=݈ռמ 2=៉໌ও 3=൷ཾ 4=ҬࠉϚ҈ᆗώհ 5=ᄂಬ ٷΰक़ӱ๎௴տᡐȂ१ཱིጡጆ࣏ 0=ҬࠉϚ҈ᆗώհ(নᒵ4) 1=൷ཾ(নᒵ3ᇄ5) ݈ռמ 5436Ρ(22.9%) ៉໌ও5993Ρ(25.2%) ൷ཾ10041Ρ(42.3%) ҬࠉϚ҈ᆗώհ594Ρ(2.5%) ᄂಬ1281Ρ(5.4%) १ཱིॎϷࡣ ൷ཾ 11322 Ρ(95%) ҬࠉϚ҈ᆗώհ 594 Ρ(5%) ܒտ ॎϷПԒȈ 1=ظ 2=τ Ȃ१ཱིጡጆ࣏ 0=τȃ1=ظҡ τҡ 13759 ΡȞ53.8%ȟ ظҡ 9832 ΡȞ41.7%ȟ ຏǺM=ѳ֡ኧǴSD=ྗৡǴMax=നεॶǴMin=നλॶǶ ߒΠ ЮҔఀىแ࡙ᇄσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ϞΡኵЅԻϷШ ఀىแ࡙ Юᒑఀىแ࡙ ΡኵȞ&ȟ Ҕᒑఀىแ࡙ ΡኵȞ&ȟ Ᏸཾԙᕼ ΡኵȞ&ȟ ω 3701 Ρ(15.7%) 5135 Ρ(21.8%) 60 Ϸоή 100 Ρ(.4%) ϛ 4595 Ρ(19.5%) 5388 Ρ(22.8%) 60-69 Ϸ 3433 Ρ(14.5%) ଽϛᙛ 7787 Ρ(33%) 7989 Ρ(33.9%) 70-79 Ϸ 11542 Ρ(48.6%) டऋ 3763 Ρ(16%) 2767 Ρ(11.7%) 80-89 Ϸ 8350 Ρ(35.2%) σᏰ 2875 Ρ(12.2%) 1912 Ρ(8.1%) 90 Ϸоΰ 313 Ρ(1.3%) ंـܚоΰ 870 Ρ(3.7%) 400 Ρ(1.7%)
ဓȃंـ๖ݎ!
ΙȃᏰਮӵσᏰҡএΡधශᡐȃ ҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄ൷ཾཎޟ৯ ל! ȞΙȟϚӣᏰਮཾҡӵএΡᡐޟ ৯ל ! ! ߒΠᇳ݂এΡᡐޟϷҀלȂᐌᡝՄ ِȂЮҔᒑఀىแ࡙оଽϛᙛШٽശଽȞϷ տ࣏ 33%ᇄ 33.9%ȟȂσᏰоΰఀىแ࡙Ш ٽᅚճȞσᏰШٽघ࣏ 12.2%ᇄ 8.1%Ȃं ـܚоΰ࣏ 3.7%ᇄ 1.7%ȟȇσᏰᏰཾԙᕼ σӻϷҀӵ 70-89 ϷϞȞघլ 83.8%ȟȄ ყΠ໌Ι؏֕౪ϚӣᏰਮӵЮҔఀى8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ϦҥεᏢ Ϧҥמᙍ دҥεᏢ دҥמᙍ ijįĺ Ĵ ĴįIJ Ĵįij ĴįĴ Ĵįĵ ĴįĶ ϦҥεᏢ Ϧҥמᙍ دҥεᏢ دҥמᙍ Рᒃ௲ػำࡋ ҆ᒃ௲ػำࡋ εᏢᏢ߄ ყΠ ϚӣᏰਮཾҡӵএΡᡐޟϷշל ߒέ ϚӣᏰਮཾҡӵҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄҡిՌרਝϞҁ֯Ϸኵ ғఱ҂ۓӛำࡋ ғఱԾךਏૈ Ꮲਠᜪࠠ ѳ֡ኧ ྗৡ ѳ֡ኧ ྗৡ ϦҥεᏢ 2.659 .667 2.753 .401 Ϧҥמᙍ 2.721 .632 2.755 .389 دҥεᏢ 2.627 .669 2.755 .669 دҥמᙍ 2.681 .651 2.770 .501 แ࡙ᇄσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ޟϷշלȂџоี ౪ȂӨᏰਮϞЮᒑఀىแ࡙ҁ֯ଽܻҔᒑ ఀىแ࡙ȂиΙૡσᏰҡϞЮҔఀىแ࡙ҁ ֯ଽܻᙛᡝفϞᏰҡȄσᏰᏰཾߒ౪оϴ ҳσᏰޟᏰҡശԁȞҁ࣏֯ 3.46ȟȂٷԩ ࣏ؽҳσᏰȃؽҳᙛᇄϴҳᙛȞҁ֯ Ϸտ࣏ 3.18Ȃ3.15 ᇄ 3.13ȟȞَყΠȟȄ ȞΠȟᏰਮӵҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄҡ ిՌרਝޟ৯ל! ! ! ࣏Ο၌ϚӣᏰਮᏰҡӵҡిҐۡ өแ࡙ᇄҡిՌרਝ֏Ԥᡗ৯Ȃ௴ ҢӰυᡐኵϷݙȂӑ໌ᡐኵӣ፴ܒ ᔮۡȂᔮۡ๖ݎᡗҰҐႂІᡐኵӣ፴ܒޟ ೩ȂӰԪٷᐃᡐኵϷݙޟ๖ݎี౪Ȃҡ ిҐۡөแ࡙ӵӨᏰਮϞԤᡗ৯ ԆӵȞF=5.923, P<.001ȟȂڏϛȂоᙛᡝ فᏰҡᄇҡిҐۡөޟแ࡙ଽܻΙૡσ ᏰȂфߒᙛᡝفᏰҡШΙૡσᏰᄇҐپ ৠܾԤϚጂۡཐȇҡిՌרਝཐӵӨ Ᏸਮฒᡗ৯ȞF=1.248, P=.865ȟȂфߒ ҁ֯ՄِȂσᏰҡҡిՌרਝޟՌຟϷኵ ϚོӰ࣏ᏰਮϚӣՄԤ৯ȄߒέӖюޟ ϚӣᏰਮཾҡӵҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄ ҡిՌרਝϞҁ֯ϷኵȄ
15% 44% 31% 54% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% ϦҥεᏢ Ϧҥמᙍ دҥεᏢ دҥמᙍ ൩ К ٯ ) & * ყέ ϚӣᏰਮᔖ۩ཾҡϞ൷ཾШٽጣყ ߒѲ ϚӣᏰਮܪኺΡኵᇄᒵᐅ൷ཾΡኵϞظτҡШٽ Ᏸਮ ܪኺΡኵ ᒵᐅ൷ཾΡኵ(%) ܒտ ظҡ τҡ ϴҳσᏰ 6935 Ρ 1082 Ρ(15%) 119 Ρ 947 Ρ ϴҳᙛ 2883 Ρ 1272 Ρ(44%) 85 Ρ 1118 Ρ ؽҳσᏰ 11527 Ρ 3579 Ρ(31%) 226 Ρ 3064 Ρ ؽҳᙛ 8525 Ρ 4595 Ρ(54%) 325 Ρ 4094 Ρ ᖂڷ 29921 Ρ 10635 Ρ(36ʦ) 755 Ρ(7%) 9223 Ρ(93%) ȞέȟσᏰҡӵϚӣᏰਮ൷ཾཎ Ϟ৯ל! ! ! оජक़ಛॎЅጣყȞԃყέȟ֕ ౪σᏰҡӵཾᒵᐅ൷ཾΡኵᇄШٽȄี౪ ӨᏰਮᒵᐅ൷ཾШٽП७оؽҳᙛᏰ ਮശଽ 54%Ȟघ 4595 ΡȟȂڏԩ࣏ϴҳ ᙛ 44%Ȟघ 1272 ΡȟȃؽҳσᏰ 31%Ȟघ 3579 ΡȟȂശճ࣏ϴҳσᏰ 15%Ȟघ 1082 ΡȟȄܒտП७Ȃτҡӵཾࠉײڗώհޟ ШٽȞ93%ȟሉଽܻظҡȞ7%ȟȂনӰџ ڧ३ܻϷݙϛւଶཾҡ݈ռמኺҏ 5436 ΡȂघլ 22.9%ޟন࢈ȂՄٺுظҡ ᒵᐅ൷ཾϞΡኵᇄШٽڧڗኇȂ၏ಠΡኵ ᇄԻϷШَߒѲȄ ΠȃএΡधශᄇσᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄҡ ిՌרਝޟኇל! ! ! ആႆӻϯ⺣ᘪϷݙоҡిҐۡө ᇄҡిՌרਝޟҁ֯Ϸኵ࣏ٷᡐȂএΡ धශᡐ࣏ႱกᡐȂܒտȃЮᒑఀىแ ࡙ȃҔᒑఀىแ࡙ȃσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ઽΣଟᘪ ϛȂоΟ၌ӨᡐᄇᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄ ҡిՌרਝޟኇȄ
ߒϤ σᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄҡిՌרਝϞ⺣ᘪ߽ኵեॎ ҡిҐۡө ҡిՌרਝ ᡐ b SE b SE ܒտ -.064*** .011 -.046 .058*** .014 .040 Юᒑఀىแ࡙ -.007*** .002 -.038 .004* .001 .031 Ҕᒑఀىแ࡙ -.008*** .002 -.041 .004** .002 .035 σᏰᏰཾߒ౪ -.122*** .008 -.129 .052*** .006 .087 R2=.15 R2=.012 ຝȈ*Ȉp<.05ȇ**Ȉp<.01***Ȉp<.001ȇb ᇄ SE Ϸտ࣏ଟᘪ߽ኵЅڏྥᇲϞեॎȇ ࣏ྥϽଟᘪ߽ኵեॎ Ȅ ߒϲ σᏰҡҡిҐۡөᄇҡిՌרਝϞ⺣ᘪ߽ኵեॎ ᡐ b SE ҡిҐۡөแ࡙ -.161*** .005 -.262 ! ! ! ! ! R2= .26 ຝȈ***Ȉp<.001ȇb ᇄ SE Ϸտ࣏ଟᘪ߽ኵЅڏྥᇲϞեॎȇ ࣏ྥϽଟᘪ߽ኵեॎȄ ! ! Ϸݙ๖ݎԃߒϤȂี౪Ԫ 4 এএΡधශ ᡐོᄇσᏰҡҡిҐۡөҡኇȂڏ ϛτҡШظҡৠܾᄇҐپҡϚጂۡཐ Ȟଟᘪ߽ኵ b=-.064, p<.001ȟȇЮҔఀىแ ࡙ᄇҡిҐۡөζҡ॒өኇȞϷտ࣏ b=-.007, p<.001ȇb=-.008, p<.001ȟȂфߒ࿋ ڏтనӇϚᡐਢȂЮҔᒑఀىแູ࡙ճȂࡆ υູৠܾᄇҐپҡϚጂۡཐȇσᏰᏰཾߒ ౪ູ৯ޱȞb=-.122, p<.001ȟȂᄇՌϏޟҐ پПөູϚጂۡȄҥྥϽଟᘪ߽ኵࣼ پȂσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ᄇҡిҐۡܒޟኇΨശ σȄ ! ! এΡधශᡐζᄇҡిՌרਝҡ ኇȂڏϛظҡШτҡޟҡిՌרਝཐپ ுଽȞb=.058, p<.001ȟȇޥငӴ՝ޟኇȂ ЮҔఀىแູ࡙ଽȂࡆυԤၶғөޟҡిՌ רਝཐȞϷտ࣏ b=.004, p<.05Ȉb=.004, p<.001ȟȂҔᒑఀىแ࡙ኇଽܻЮᒑȇ σᏰᏰཾߒ౪ູٹޱȞb=.052, p<.001ȟȂ ᄇՌϏޟҡిՌרਝູڎ߬ЖȄҥྥϽ ଟᘪ߽ኵࣼپȂһσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ᄇҡి ՌרਝཐޟኇΨശσȄ έȃσᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄҡిՌרਝ ཐȃ൷ཾཎޟᜰ߽! ȞΙȟҡిҐۡөᄇҡిՌרਝཐޟኇ ! ! ആႆӻϯ⺣ᘪϷݙоҡిՌרਝޟ ҁ֯Ϸኵ࣏ٷᡐȂҡిҐۡөϷኵ࣏Ⴑก
ᡐȂоΟ၌ᏰҡҡిҐۡөޟแ࡙ᄇᏰҡ ҡిՌרਝޟኇȄߒϲџޣҡిҐۡ өޟแ࡙ᄇσᏰҡҡిՌרਝԤᡗ॒ өኇȞb=-.161, p<.001ȟȂфߒᏰҡҡి ູۡөޟᏰҡȂڏҡిՌרਝູଽȂᄇՌ Ϗܚڎരޟ൷ཾΨູԤ߬ЖȄ ȞΠȟҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄҡిՌרਝ ཐᄇ൷ཾཎޟኇ! ! ! ആႆ logistic ⺣ᘪϷݙо൷ཾཎ࣏ٷ ᡐȂҡిҐۡөϷኵᇄҡిՌרਝ࣏Ⴑ กᡐȂоΟ၌Ᏸҡཾᒵᐅ൷ཾޟᏰҡᇄ ᒵᐅϚ҈ᆗώհޟᏰҡȂ֏ڧڗՌ٘ҡి ҐۡөᇄҡిՌרਝޟኇȄߒΜࠉڍ ួџޣҡిҐۡөϚོޢኇᏰҡ൷ཾ ཎȞb=-.027, p=.973ȟȂཎ։σᏰҡσέ ਢᄇՌϏҡిПөҐጂۡޟแ࡙ȂϚོኇ ڏཾਢᒵᐅ൷ཾޟཎȇՄҡిՌרਝ ཐོޢኇσᏰҡ൷ཾཎȞb=.542, p<.001ȟȂфߒᄇՌϏޟᙛൟΨູԤ߬Ж ޟσᏰҡȂູ༊өᒵᐅ൷ཾȇശࡣڍᡐ Ιଔܹ໌ଟᘪϛϷݙȂี౪ڙҡిҐ ۡܒࡣȂҡిՌרਝϫณџоႱกσᏰҡ ൷ཾཎȞb=.694, p<.001ȟȄ ѲȃኇσᏰҡ൷ཾཎޟএΡӰશ! ! ! ശࡣଆσᏰҡ൷ཾཎڧএΡध ශȃҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᇄҡిՌרਝཐޟኇ แ࡙Ȃငҥ logistic ቹଟᘪϷݙȂ๖ݎ ԃήߒΤȂี౪ӵڙڏтᡐࡣȂџоᡗ ႱกσᏰҡ൷ཾཎޟᡐѓ֤ܒտȃЮ Ҕᒑఀىแ࡙оЅҡిՌרਝཐȄ έپࣼȂᐌᡝՄِȂ࿋ڏтᡐኵ߳ࡻۡ ਢȂܒտޟ߽ኵ࣏-1.239ȂExpȞBȟ=.290Ȃ ߒҰτҡᒵᐅ൷ཾᐠظҡޟ.29 ॻȇՄ ЮҔᒑఀىแູ࡙ճȂڏυτູ༊өᒵᐅ൷ ཾ Ȟ Ϸ տ ࣏ b=-.070, p<.001 ȇ b=-057, p<.001ȟȇҡిՌרਝཐޟϷኵູଽޟσ Ᏸҡζູ༊өᒵᐅ൷ཾȞb=.717, p<.001ȟȄ ߒΜ σᏰҡҡిҐۡөᄇ൷ཾཎϞ⺣ᘪ߽ኵեॎ Ι Π έ
ᡐ b SE Exp(B) B SE Exp(B) B SE Exp(B) ᄠຽ 3.10 .214 22.200 1.366 .281 3.919 .636 .472 2.001 ҡి Ґۡөแ࡙ -.027 .078 .973 .144 .082 1.89 ҡి Ռרਝཐ .542*** .105 1.72 .694*** .135 1.16 R2cs=.000 R2N=.000 R2cs=.002 R2N=.007 R2cs=.003 R2N=.010 ຝȈ ***Ȉp<.001ȇb ᇄ SE Ϸտ࣏ଟᘪ߽ኵЅڏྥᇲϞեॎȄ
ߒΤ σᏰҡ൷ཾཎϞᡒᒮቹ⺣ᘪ߽ኵեॎ
Ι Π έ
ᡐ B SE Exp(B) B SE Exp(B) B SE Exp(B) ᄠຽ 4.095 .415 60.059 1.973 .567 7.189 ܒտ -1.224*** .139 .294 -1.233*** .139 .294 -1.239*** .140 .290 Юᒑఀىแ࡙ -.069** .020 .934 -.069** .020 .934 -.070** .020 .932 Ҕᒑఀىแ࡙ -.054** .021 .947 -.054** .021 .947 -.057** .021 .944 σᏰᏰཾߒ౪ .091 .078 1.059 .092 .078 1.069 .065 .078 1.067 ҡిҐۡөแ࡙ .008 .079 1.008 .124 .082 1.132 ҡిՌרਝཐ .717*** .132 2.049 R2cs=.016 R 2 N=.048 R 2 cs=.016 R 2 N=.048 R 2 cs=.020 R 2 N=.059 ຝȈ**Ȉp<.01ȇ***Ȉp<.001ȇb ᇄ SE Ϸտ࣏ଟᘪ߽ኵЅڏྥᇲϞեॎȇR2 csᇄ R2NфߒႱกᡐᇄਝᡐ ޟᜰᖒ࡙Ȃᆎ࣏ R2ࡾȄ
ӂȃंـ๖፣!
ΙȃᏰਮӵӨ१ौᡐޟ৯ל! ! ! Ԥᜰఀىแ࡙ȂӨᏰਮϞЮᒑఀىแ ࡙ҁ֯ଽܻҔᒑఀىแ࡙ȂиΙૡσᏰҡϞ ЮҔఀىแ࡙ҁ֯ଽܻᙛᡝفϞᏰҡȄσ ᏰᏰཾߒ౪оϴҳσᏰޟᏰҡശԁȂٷԩ࣏ ؽҳσᏰȃؽҳᙛᇄϴҳᙛȄҡిҐۡ өแ࡙ӵϚӣᏰਮһԤᡗ৯Ȃ ᙛᡝفᏰҡᄇҡిҐۡөޟแ࡙ଽܻΙૡ σᏰȂфߒᙛᡝفᏰҡШΙૡσᏰᄇՌϏ ܚᒵޟऋفȃՌϏޟᑹ፸ΨᇄཾࡣޟҬ ၶؠԤ݂ጂޟПөȄծҡిՌרਝཐӵ ӨᏰਮϞٮؠԤᡗ৯Ȃфߒᐌᡝ ՄِȂσᏰҡᄇՌϏᙛൟΨޟڎരแ࡙ᇄ ᄇҐپᙛిޟ߬ЖӵӨᏰਮϷࣺխ ޟ൷ཾཎП७ȂᙛᡝفᏰਮσᏰҡཾ кौॎหᒵᐅ൷ཾϞΡኵШٽၶΙૡσᏰ پޟଽȂڏϛоؽҳᙛ൷ཾۨڏт ᏰਮϞॶ՝ȂᇄႆўंـΙमȞдරȂ2007ȇ ԧకཏȂ2007ȇҤ҄ȃҤȂ2008ȇ෬ ऍܑȂ2008ȇ᎒ഽ้ΡȂ2008ȟȄܒտП ७ȂҥܻظҡԤ݈ռמޟဎȂӰՄҏंـ ϛτҡӵཾਢᒵᐅ൷ཾиײڗώհޟШ ٽȞ93%ȟሉଽܻظҡȞ7%ȟȄ ΠȃএΡधශᡐџоᡗႱกσᏰҡ ҡిҐۡөᇄҡిՌרਝޟל! ! ! Ϸݙ๖ݎี౪এΡधශᡐџоᡗ ႱกσᏰҡҡిҐۡөᇄҡిՌרਝޟ לȄӵܒտП७ȂτҡᄇܻՌ٘ޟᑹ፸ܖ ΨȃкওऋفޟΟ၌ᇄཾࡣޟҬȂШ ၶؠԤ݂ጂПөȂҡిՌרਝཐζճܻظ ҡȇӵЮҔᒑఀىแ࡙ޟኇȂี౪ఀىแ ູ࡙ଽޟড়৳ȂࡆυӵҐپҡిޟҬၶԤ ПөȂՌרਝၶଽཐζၶଽȇՄσᏰԙᕼߒ౪ູԁޟᏰҡȂູΟ၌ՌϏޟᑹ፸ᇄ ΨȂᄇཾҬԤၶ఼ཿޟПөȂиԤၶଽ ޟՌרਝȄ έȃҡిҐۡөོኇҡిՌרਝծ Ϛོޢኇ൷ཾཎȂՄҡిՌ רਝཐࠌོޢኇ൷ཾཎ! ! ! ᄇҐپПөູϚጂۡޟᏰҡȂӵᙛൟܚ ሯΨڷᄇҐپᙛిޟ߬ЖՌרຟቋࣺ ᄇၶճȂՌឈՌϏҐшϷڎരᙛൟܚሯޟட ཾޣᜋᇄȃؑᙛЅ௰ՌϏޟΨȂᄇ ᙛిีޟࠉශζၶϚዅᢎȄ! ! ! ՌឈՌϏшϷڎരᙛൟ൷ཾΨޟᏰ ҡȂӵཾޟкौॎห༊өᒵᐅ൷ཾȂՄࣺ ᄇӴȂᄇՌϏΨၶؠԤ߬ЖޟᏰҡȂࠌ༊ өᒵᐅϚ҈ᆗώհȄՄҡిҐۡөแ࡙ᗶณ ོኇڗՌרਝޟଽճȂծࠓϚོޢኇ Ᏸҡޟ൷ཾཎȄ Ѳȃኇ൷ཾཎএΡӰશϛȂҡిՌ רਝᄇσᏰҡ൷ཾཎኇശσ! ! ! ӵএΡधශᡐϛȂЮҔᒑఀىแ࡙ޟ ଽճོኇσᏰҡ൷ཾཎȂЮҔᒑఀىแ ࡙ၶճޱȂڏυτູ༊өӵཾਢᒵᐅ൷ ཾȄڏϛኇ൷ཾཎശᡗޟ࣏σᏰҡޟ ҡిՌרਝཐȄՄҡిՌרਝཐڧڗܒ տȃЮҔᒑఀىแ࡙ᇄσᏰᏰཾߒ౪ޟኇ ȂӰԪ࣏ඪଽσᏰҡ൷ཾཎȂଽ้ఀى ᐠᄺȃఀৱЅড়৳џоପήӖఀىᄂΰ ޟ࡚ដپڞօᏰҡඪЀҡిՌרਝཐȂጂ ҳՌϏҡࣀޟҬȄ
ചȃ࡚ដ!
Ιȃఀىᄂΰޟ࡚ដ! ȞΙȟҡిሄᏲП७ȂڞօτσᏰҡоЅ ᙛᏰҡᚄ఼ՌϏҡిޟҬȂߴ໌ҡ ిۡө ! ! ΰक़Ϸݙี౪τҡڷ൷ᙛᡝف ޟσᏰҡᄇՌϏҡిПөၶৠܾԤϚጂۡ ཐȄᗶณҡిҐۡөϚོޢኇ൷ཾཎ ȂծࠓџӰ࣏ϚጂۡՌϏޟҬȂՄϚ ᘞӴώհȂฒݲடᆠӵᎌӫޟώհϛȄ ӰԪȂആႆᏰਮЖ౩ᇄሄᏲϛЖᖞᒲҡిࣺ ᜰᖿ৴ܖՌרષޟღᡝࣀଢ଼Ȃџоᔓօσ Ᏸҡᕣ၌ՌϏޟᑹ፸ᇄΨȂٮᏰߝ۔ ޟᙛిϷٴϛȂᚄ఼ՌϏޟҡిҬȂඪԞ ӵσᏰҡጂۡҡిПөȄ ȞΠȟσᏰ፞แԊ௶ᔖ१ᙛൟܚሯΨ ޟஉᎴȂоቨ໌σᏰҡޟҡిՌרਝ ཐ ! ! 1990 ԑछȶ൷ཾΨȷຜ࣏Ᏸυ҆ രޟϤஅҏΨȂՄٲΨܖ੫፴ࢇ ۺሯ॒ଔᔣॏఀىࢇ๊ᇄॎหȂٮӵσᏰ፞ แϛ௰ϞӈȞ֔ኈཾȂ2001ȟȄӰԪȂ σᏰ፞แԊ௶ଶΟᙛൟடཾޣᜋޟஉ ᎴϞѴȂӣਢौ१ຜᜰᗤΨޟஉᎴȂѓ֤ ᇄтΡϣଢ଼ޟღӫհΨȃྜߒႀΨ ้้ȂٮആႆᜌྱՃڥᐠڙܖ࡚ఀӫհޟᐠ ོȂϠᏰҡԤၼҢٲΨޟᐠོȂо࡚ ҳσᏰҡӵᙛൟΨޟ߬ЖȄ ! ! ѪѴ࡚ដӵடཾᏰߞџоསఀᏰօ ౩ȂඪټᏰҡӵᏰಬΰޟ၌උᇄࡾᏲȂоඪ ଽᏰҡᄇடཾऋҬޟ౩၌ᇄᔖҢȄٮᎌ࡙ඪټڎώᐠོޟዩօᏰߜϠճޥငӴ՝ ޟᏰҡȂоڞօЮҔᒑఀىแ࡙ၶճޟᏰҡ ԤޟᏰಬཎᇄᄂငᡛȂঅоᏰཾ ԙᕼޟඪЀᇄώငᡛϛȂඪЀᄇՌϏҡి Ψޟ߬ЖȄ Ȟέȟড়ߝᇄޥོσಀᔖܹᄚယ؏ȂϠσ ᏰҡՌҥષҡిПөޟਢ ! ! ंـี౪ȂҡిҐۡөޟσέᏰҡᄇڏ σѲਢ֏ᒵᐅ൷ཾٮؠԤޢޟኇȂσ ᏰᏰਮᗚΣᙛൟޟષࢲȂσᏰҡ ܚᒵऋفޟ፞แஉᎴடཾΨȃᜋ፞แஉ ᎴᜰᗤΨȂоЅᏰϱѴޥღࣀଢ଼ȃώင ᡛϛષՌϏޟᑹ፸ᇄΨȂငႆшϷޟՌ ҥષਢᇄުȂԤօܻᏰҡᄇҐپᙛཾ ޟᒵᐅϚོӰܐკၐᇄᡐՄଝᕻȄ൷ ԃӣ Erickson ඪюޟЖ౩ޥོ۽ጥȂ ட឴ܻߧЍԑޟΙࢲິਢȂтঈџоӵ ҡࣀϛܹ໌ΙٲୄਢȞtime outȟȂၼ ҢࢲਢўਡၽȂܖ௬ώհў܈ਪȂܖ ӄᏰўώհȄᡱՌϏؖᐦΙήȂԁԁўᇯᜋ ՌϏȄΙૡΡהఖູפԙђູԁȂ࡞Ѝ߆ ਢўࡦՃԙђᄇרঈޟཎဎ࣏դȞGeorge, 1997ȟȂծ Erikson ᇯ࣏Ж౩ޥོ۽ࡣਢ ߧЍԑีႆแϛ१ौޟႆแȂߧЍԑӵ ࢲਢџоငҥՌҥӴᡝᡛϚӣޟԙΡ ُՓўײюശᎌӫՌϏޟ՝ညȞKroger, 2005ȟȄӰԪȂ࡚ដড়ߝڷޥོσಀܹᄚယ ؏ȂϠσᏰҡՌҥષҡిПөޟਢٮ ඪټᎌਢޟᒚၚᇄڞօȄ ΠȃҐپंـ࡚ដ! ! ! ҏंـӰڧ३ܻ፡ࢥᄇຫ࣏ᔖ۩ཾ ҡԤռמޟဎȂኇҏंـӵ൷ཾΡኵڷ ܒտޟڥኺȂᏲमџٺҢϞظσᏰҡኺҏΡ ኵႆճȂฒݲΣଆظσᏰҡӵҡిҐۡ өȃҡిՌרਝᇄ൷ཾཎޟࣺϣኇᜰ ߽ȂԪѴȂҏंـٺҢଟᘪЅ logistic ଟᘪ ้ПݲϷտᔮຜҡిҐۡөȃҡిՌרਝ ᇄ൷ཾཎϞᜰ߽ȂծٮҐٲᡐ ܹΣӣΙ࢜ᄺϱᆣӫϷݙᔮۡȂӰԪȂ Ґጂҳٲᡐޟϛϭᜰ߽ܖኇᐠ ڙȂ࡚ដҐپंـџоቨёٲഋϷޟंـ ᇄଆ፣ȄѪѴȂҏंـี౪ᙛᡝفޟσέ ҡӵҡిҐۡөޟுϷᡗଽܻΙૡσ ᏰȂӰՄ࡚ដҐپቨё፴ܒፙȂоᕣ၌ӵ ᖿؑఀᏲᙛཾޟᏰਮϛȂኇᏰҡҡి Ґۡөޟড়৳ȃᏰਮܖএΡӰશᇄΙૡσᏰ σᏰҡޟ৯࣏դȄ
ՃМᝦ!
ԧకཏȞ2007ȟȄᇃᢊӴୢσᏰཾҡҡి ᒵᐅࣺᜰӰશϞଆȄжཱིσᏰငᔼᏰ ंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃѕѿȄ Ҥ҄ȃҤȞ2008ȟȄ። Ѐ Ᏸ ȉ ። ൷ ཾ ȉ ። Ѷ ཾ ȉ σ Ᏸ ཾ ҡ ю ၯ Ϟ ଆ Ȅ ఀ ى ࢇ ๊ ፣ Ꮻ Ȃ 11Ȟ 4ȟȂ 33-62Ȅ ӈᑽ࣡Ȟ2004ȟȄंـҡҡిؚ๊Ռרਝ ᄲҡిߢᛤᄇҐپᙛཾᒵᐅᎌܒϞ ंـȄҳҺσᏰఀىंـܚᆈρ፣ МȂҐюގȂཱིԼѿȄ ࡦተȞ2005 ԑ 4 Т 11 РȟȄ۽ҡᛇЀȯ ࣏դौ۽ȉȄᖒӫཱིᆸᆩȂடᚠൢ Ᏺ Ȅ 2009 ԑ 12 Т 10 Р ᘝ ڥ Ռhttp://mag.udn.com/mag/campus/ ພऍȞ2001ȟȄᇃᢊσடཾߧԑ൷ཾΨ Ϟ፡ࢥϷݙȄҳཱིԼৱጒᏰҕఀ ىंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂཱིԼѿȄ ֔ኈཾȞ2001ȟȄҡిఀىޟཱིПө—൷ཾ ΨఀىߑȄఀىၥਟᇄंـȂ39Ȃ 53-58Ȅ ݓ࿅নȞ2006ȟȄᇃᢊӴୢσடཾҡ൷ཾ ᐠޟϷݙȄҳݍσᏰሬငᔼं ـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂ߆ጸѿȄ ߙљᆫȞ2004ȟȄଽϛҡҡిؚۡ֨ᜲȃҡ ిՌרਝᇄฐኌᆱϞࣺᜰं ـȄҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰఀىЖ౩ᇄሄᏲ ंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃѕѿȄ ഌڃȞ2006ȟȄҡిೣგ፞แᄇଽΙظҡ ҡిؚۡ֨ᜲȃҡిՌרਝЅؚ๊ ᄘϞᄂᡛਝݎȄҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰఀى Ж౩ᇄሄᏲᏰفᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃ ѕѿȄ סਥȞ202ȟȄҡిҐۡσᏰҡҡిี ߢΨӰશϞଆȄᄔϽৱσሄᏲᏰൢȂ 23Ȃ109-130Ȅ ਏȞ2005ȟȄଽৱσώཾऋఀىᏰف ᏰҡܒտُՓᇄҡిᒵᐅϞࣺᜰंـ ҳଽৱጒσᏰώཾऋఀىᏰف ᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂଽѿȄ ጽཏȞ2004ȟȄҡిؚ๊ӰશኇσᏰҡ ᒵᐅ۽ϞϷݙंـȄҳᄔϽৱጒσ ᏰሄᏲᇄᒚ୦Ᏸفܚᆈρ፣МȂҐю ގȂଽѿȄ ඇි݂Ȟ2008ȟȄᇃᢊଽ้ఀىᐌӫၥਟ৲Ȉ 95 Ᏸԑ࡙ᔖ۩ཾҡࢺө፡ࢥ–σட ҡȪ፡ࢥ୰ڢȫȄఀىंـᇄຟᠦϛЖ Ȫᆓ౩ȃភю՝ȫȄ ങీวȞ1998ȟȄσᏰ౩ώऋفᏰҡҡిՌ רਝȃ๖ݎႱȃᙛཾᑹ፸ᇄᙛཾᒵ ᐅϞࣺᜰंـȄҳଽৱጒσᏰሄᏲ ंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂଽѿȄ ങԇȞ2007ȟȄσᏰཾҡᏰਮᏰಬငᡛ ᄇڏ൷ཾΨϞኇȄҳҺσᏰငᕊ ᆓ౩ंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂཱིԼ ѿȄ ೨ీᕬȃኈᄸȞ1999ȟȄҡిՌרਝЅ ڏࣺᜰӰશᄇσᏰҡҡిᒵᐅኇϞ ৷ၯϷݙȄߝᄸᏰൢȂ3Ȟ1ȟȂ117-137Ȅ ೨൹Ȟ2007ȟᙛਮᔖѴفᏰҡώհቋ ᢎȃҡిՌרਝᇄҡిۡөϞࣺᜰ ंـȄݓऋσᏰЅᙛཾఀىं ـܚᆈ፣МȂҐюގȂݓȄ ෬ऍܑȞ2007ȟȄᇃᢊӴୢσடਮཾҡ ᜌྱࡻԤᄇߑᙛᇄᖠၥϞኇȄգӎσ ᏰޥོᏰفंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂ ۣ៌Ȅ ቓж፱Ȟ2007ȟȄএΡᇄᏰਮԤᜰ੫ܒᄇσ ᏰҡҡిᒵᐅޟኇȈоҳ A σᏰ ࣏ٽϞᐠᄺंـȄжཱིσᏰငᔼᏰंـ ܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃѕѿȄ ༁ؾᕬȞ2007ȟȄоᇃᢊଽ้ఀىၥਟ৲ ଆσᏰҡҡిؚۡϞᙽᡐȄҳԙђσ Ᏸఀىंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃࠒ ѿȄ ༁શȞ2003ȟȄড়৳ᕗცȃΡਿȃՌרਝ ᄇσடᏰҡҡిҐۡϞኇȄᒚ୦ሄ ᏲМᆞȈଽৱሄᏲܚѐȂ8Ȃ155-190Ȅ
ጾᆵৗȞ2006ȟȄᇃᢊσடཾߧԑ൷ཾΨ Ϟ፡ࢥϷݙȄҳҺσᏰငᕊᆓ౩ं ـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂཱིԼѿȄ ጾيȞ2008ȟȄߧЍԑӻө࡙Ռרਝ໔ ߒጡᇧᇄᡛᜌȄఀىЖ౩ᏰൢȂ39Ȃก ᡛᇄຟ໔டѐȂ105-126Ȅ ᗂඏȞ1989ȟȄσடҡܒտُՓȃൟӴᐿ ҳܒȃؚ๊ᄘȃҡిՌרਝᇄҡి ϚጂۡϞࣺᜰंـȄҳᇃᢊৱጒσᏰ ఀىЖ౩ᇄሄᏲंـܚᆈρ፣МȂҐю ގȂᇃѕѿȄ ᗂڃ࣡Ȟ2006ȟȄҡిϚጂۡᄇσᏰᔖ۩ ཾτҡޟҡిષϞኇ—о୦Ᏸ Ᏸҡ࣏ٽȄҳࢇݽσᏰЖ౩Ᏸंـܚ ᆈρ፣МȂҐюގȂᇃѕѿȄ ᗂहೇȞ2003ȟȄኇᇃᢊࠒഋӴୢτσᏰ ҡҡిϚጂۡཐӰશϞଆȄᒚ୦ሄᏲ МᆞȂ8Ȃ35-60Ȅ ኋ߀ȞឍȟȞ2001ȟȄΡี-ڋ็Ж ౩ᏰȞ3 ގȟȄȞনհޱȈDiane E. Papalia , Sally Wendlos Olds & Ruth Duskin FeldmanȟȄᇃѕѿȈࠅყਪӋԤ ३ϴѧȄȞনюގԑȈ1978ȟ Cunningham, G. B., Bruening, J., Sartore, M.
L., Sagas, M., & Fink, J. S. (2005).The application of social cognitive career theory to sport and leisure career choices. Journal of Career Development, 32(2), 122-138.
George C. B., (1997). Personality theories: ERIK ERIKSON. Retrieved from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html.
Kroger J. (2005). Identity development during adolescence. In R. A. Gerald, & D. B. Michael (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 205-226). Blackwell doi: 10.1111/ b.9781405133029. Retrieved from http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/ cgi-bin/bookhome/117889592?CRETRY =1&SRETRY=0
Lent, R. W., Lopez, A. M. Jr., Lopez, F. G., & Sheu, H. B. (2008). Social cognitive career theory and the prediction of interests and choice goals in the computing disciplines. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 52. Lindley, L. D. (2006). Perceived barriers to
career development in the context of social cognitive career theory: Erratum. Journal of Career Assessment, 14(1), 179. Maguire S., & Rennison J. (2005). Two years
On: The destinations of young people who are not in education, employment or training at 16. Journal of Youth Studies, 8(2), 187 -201.
Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of personality and social Psychology, 3, 551-558.
Ochs, L.A., Roessler, R. T. (2004). Predictors of career exploration intentions: A social cognitive career theory perspective. Journal of Rehabilitation Counseling
Bulletin, 47(4), 224-233.
Richard S. S. (2006). Applying career development theory to counseling, (5th ed.) CA: Books/cole, Cengage Learning. Samuel H. O. (1999). Assessing career
indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 147–154
Swanson, J. L., & Fouad, N. A. (1999). Career theory and practice: Learning through case studies. Thonsand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publication, Inc.
Vondracek, F. W., Schulenberg, J. E., Skorikov, B., Gillespie, L. K., &
Wahlheim, C. (1995). The relationship of identity status to career indecision during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 18 (1), 17–29.
