·
Co nte nts
I'----
--,'~--Chapter 1.
The Laws of Motion, Part I
1
Experiment: Removing a Tablecloth from a Table
1
1.1
Skating
3
(inertia,/orce, velocity, acceleration, mass,. Newtons first andsecond laws, inutial frames of reference, units)
1.2
Falling Balls
, 3
(weight, projectile mOlion, vector components)
1.3
Ramps
22
(net force, Newton's third law, energy. work, energy conservation, poumtia/ energy, ramps, me-chanical advantage)
Chapter 2.
The Laws of Motion, Part II
40
Experiment: A Spinning Pie Dish 40
2.1
Seesaws
42
(rotm;onal inertia, torque, angular velocity, angular acceleration. rotational mass,N~ton's
first and second laws ofrotation, center ofmus.1j, levers)
2.2
Wheels
54
(friction, thermal energy. wheels, bearings, kinetic energy)
2.3
Bumper Cars
63
(momentum, impulse, momentum conservation, angular momentum, angular impulse, angu-lar momentum cOflServatiofl, Newton'! third low ofrotation, potential energy and
acceleration)
Chapter 3.
Mechanical Objects, Part I
Chapter 4.
Experiment: Swinging Water Overhead
81
3.1
Spring Scales
83
(Equilibrium, stable equilibrium, Hooke
s
law, oscillation, calibration, cenrer of gravity)3.2
Bouncing Balls
90
(collisions, energy transfers, vibration, elastic and inelastic collisions)
3.3
Carousels and Roller Coasters
98
(feeling ofacceleration, uniform circular motion, centripetal acceleration)
Mechanical Objects, Part II
111
Experiment: High Flying Balls
111
4.1
Bicycles
113
(umrable equilibrium, static and dynamic !tabiliry, prt'Cenion)
4.2
Rockets and Space Travel
121
(reaction forces, Newton s low of gravitation, elliptical orbits, Kepler's laws, !pecial and general relativity, equivalence principle)
v
運動定律，第一集
溜冰
墜落的球
斜坡
運動定律，第二集
蹺蹺板
輪
碰碰車
彈簧秤
反彈的球
旋轉木馬與雲霄飛車
機械物體，第一集
機械物體，第二集
腳踏車
火箭與太空旅行
VI
Contents
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Experiment: A Cartesian Diver 138 5.1 Balloons 140
(pressure, density, temperature, Archimedes' principle, buoyollt force, ideal gas law)
5.2
Water Distribution
151
(hydrostatics, Pascals principle, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, steady stateftow, Bernoullis equation)
Cha ler 6.
Cha ter 7.
Cha ler 8.
Cha ler 9.
Fluids and Motion
Experiment:
AVortex Cannon
165
6.1 Garden Watering 167
(viscolls forces, laminar and turbulent flows, speed and pressure in a fluid, Reynolds number, chaos, momel1tum in a fluid)
6.2 Balls and Air 178
(aerodynamic lift and drag, viscous drag, pnssure drag, boundary layers, Magnus and wake deflection !orcl!S)
6.3
Airplanes
186
(streamlining, lifting wing, angle ofattack, induced drag, stalled wing, thrust)
Heat and Phase Transitions
Experiment:ARuler Thermometer 203 7.1 Woodstoves 205
(thermal energy, heat, temperature, chemical bonds and reactions, conduction, thermal conductivity, convection, radiation, hear capacity)
7.2 Water, Steam, and Ice 215
(phases ofmolter, phase transitions, melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, relative hu-midity, latent heats ofmelting and evporation, sublimation, deposition, boiling, nucleation, su-perheating)
7.3
Incandescent Lightbulbs 224(electromagnetic spectrum, fight, blackbody spectrum, emissivity, Stefan-Boltzmann law, ther-mal exparuion)
Thermod namics
Experiment: Making Fog in a Bottle 237 8.1 Air Conditioners 239
(laws of thermodynamics, temperature, heat, entropy, heat pumps and thermodynamic efficiency)
8.2 Automobiles 249
(hear engines and thermodynamic efficiency)
Resonance and Mechanical Waves
Experiment: A Singing Wineglass 263 9.1 Clocks 265
(time and space, natural resonance, harmonic oscillators., simple harmonic motion, frequency)
9.2 Musicallnstruments 274
(sound, music. vibrations in strings, air, and surfaces, higher-order modes, harmonic and non· harmonic overtones, sympathetic vibration, standing and traveling waves, transverse and
流體
氣球
自來水配水
流體與運動
花園灑水器
球與空氣
飛機
熱與相變
燒柴爐
水、蒸汽與冰
電燈泡
熱力學
冷氣機
汽車
共振與機械波
鐘
樂
器
Contents
VII
longitudinal waves, velocity, frequency, and wavelengthinmechanical waves, superposiJion, Doppler effect)
9.3
TheSea
286(tidal forces, surface waves, dispersion, refraction, reflection, and interferenceinmechanical waves)
Chapter 10.
Chapter 11.
Chapter 12.
Chapter 13.
Electricity
Experiment: Moving Water Without Touching It
302
10.1
Static Electricity
304
(electric charge, electrostatic forces, Coulombs law, electrostatic potential ellergy, voltage, charging by contact, electric polarization, electrical conductors and insulators)
10.2
Xerographic Copiers
314
(electric fields and voltage gradients, relationships between shape and field, discharges, elec-tric current, direction of current flow, charging by induction)
10.3
Flashlights
324
(electric circuits, electrical resistance, voltage rises, voltage drops, relationship between cur-rent, voltage, and power, Ohm's law)
Magnetism and Electrodynamics
Experiment: A Nail and Wire Electromagnet
342
11.1
Household Magnets
344
(magnetic pole, magnetostatic forces, Coulombs law for magnetism, magnetic fields, ferromagnetism, magnetic polarization, magnetic domains, magnetic materials, magnetic flux lines, relationship between currents and magnetic fields)
11.2
Electric Power Distribution
355
(sufUrconductivity, direct and alternating currents, induction, transformers, magnetic field energy, relationship between changing magnetic fields and electric fields, induced emf,
Lenz's law, electrical safety)
11.3
Electric Generators and Motors
369
(electromagnetic forces, energy, and work, Lorenz force)
Electronics
Experiment: Building an Electronic Kit
388
12.1
Power Adapters
390
(quantum physics, wave-particle duality, Pauli exclusion principle, band structure, Fermi level, metals, insulators, and semiconductors, p-n junction, diodes, capacitors)
12.2
Audio Players
404
(arwlogVI.digital representations, resistors, MOSFETs, logic elements, series and parallel
circuits, amplifiers)
Electromagnetic Waves
Experiment: Boiling Water in an Ice Cup
421
13.1
Radio
423
(electric field enugy, relationship between changing electric fields and magnetic fields, tank circuits, spud of light, wave polarization, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, bandwidth)
13.2
Microwave Ovens
432
(spud, frequency, and wavelength in electromagnetic waves, polar and nonpolar molecules, cyclotron motion)
海
電
靜
電
影印機
手電筒
電磁學
磁鐵
配電
發電機與馬達
電子設備
交直流轉換變壓器
音訊播放器
電磁波
收音機
微波爐
VI!!
Cha ter 14.
Contents
Li
ht
Experiment: Splitting the Colors of Sunlight
443
14.1
Sunlight
445
(Rayleigh scatlering, impedance, refraction, reffection, dis/Hrsion, and interference in electromagnetic waves, index ofrefraction, polarized reflection)
14.2
Discharge Lamps
454
(color vision, primary colors of light and pigment, gas (lischarges, periodic chart, atomic structure alld emissiOIl, radiative transitions, Planck's COllsfall1,fluorescence, radim;on trap-ping)
14.3
Lasers and LEOs
464
(incoherent ami coherent light, spontaneolls and stimulated emission, population inversion, laser amplification and oscillation, diffraction, laser safety)
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Experiment: Focusing Sunlight
476
15.1
Cameras
478
(refracting optics, converging lemes, real images,focus,focallenglhs,f-numben, Ihe lem equation, diverging lenses, virtual images, light sensors, vision and vision correction)
15.2
Optical Recording and Communication
489
«(liffraction limit, plane and circular polarization, 10101 imernal refleclion)
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Experiment: Radiation Damaged Paper
502
16.1
Nuclear Weapons
504
(nuclear structure. isotopes, radioactivity, uncertainty principle, tunnding, half-life. alpha de-caY,fission, chain reaction, fusion, Iransmutation ofdements, fallout)
16.2
Medical Imaging and Radiation
517
(X rays, gamma rays, X-ray fluorescence, Bremsstrahlung, photMlecrric effect, Compton scattering,~tadecay, anitimatter, accelerators, magnetic resonance)
