原子與分子科學研究與發展之重要過程

(1)

(2)

(3)

nEn 1 =( g0+2g, )

(a2)’ mc*

> _2n8e(J+l)

I 1 I I I I - I I I I I ’

K-- Pb X - RAYS 136 CALIBRATION SPECTRUM . i-l&9 (PROMPTED) ( DELAYED ) - 13- I I - $ g- *nN- $g- 8-41 I 280 t e+ 401 1 A I : 1.16 75.16 149.16 223.16 297.16 371.16 445.16 519.16 1.16 7 5 . 1 6 1 4 9 . 1 6 2 2 3 . 1 6 2 9 7 . 1 6 3 7 1 . 1 6 4 4 5 . 1 6 5 1 9 . 1 6

ENERGY (kei’) ENERGY (keV)

a-- : The X-ray spectrum of K Pb( Left ) . T h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r o u t e d c a l i b r a t i o n spectrum of .“Se and “‘Au ( Right >.

*- : LONG LIVAD NEGATIVE PARTICLE SUITABLE FOR EXOTIC ATOMS P a r t i c l e S p i n Mass( MeV) L i f e t i m e (s) Radius ( 1 S) ( fm)

e- l/2 0.511 co _52,917/z /2- I,/2 165.6 2.20 x 1o-6 256/Z 7t- 0 139.6 2 . 6 0 lo-’x 194/z’ K- 9 493.8 1 . 2 4 X lo-’ 54.712 Hadron ic P l/2 9 3 8 . 3 co _28.812 _{A t o m s} c- 112 1197.4 1 . 5 lo-‘0x 22.612 1 -_ a _l/2 1 3 2 1 . 3 _{1.7 x lo-‘0} _20.5/z _{T o b e} o- 312 1 6 7 2 . 5 1.3 x lo-‘0 16.212 Observed D - _O _1875.6 _{2 x lo-‘a} _14.412 6 2

(4)

G&L : ( Za) c o r r e c t i o n s .

Transition Z e r o t h a(Za) a(Za) a’(s) a<Za)’ ~(ZL@ ’ Finite Electron Nuclear ,!&,

o r d e r _{s i z e s c r e e n} _{p o l .}

i t e r . f i n i t e h i g h

s i z e _{o r d e r}

CkeV) ( eV) (ev> (eV> (ev> (ev> (eV> (eV> (eV) ( eV) ( keV)

13- 12 90.697 284.0 0.5 0.4 2.0 - 7 . 7 -1.1 0.5 - 5 1 . 8 0 90.924 12--+ 11 116.575 419.5 0 . 8 0.8 2-9 - 1 0 . 6 - 1 . 5 0.8 - 4 4 . 9 0 1 1 6 . 9 4 3 11 + 10 153.328 632.8 1.4 1.5 4.3 - 1 4 . 7 -2.1 1.2 -38.2 1 153.916 lo-, 9. 207.340 980.0 2.3 3.1 6.7 - 2 0 . 7 -3.0 2.1 -31.9 2 208.280 9- 8 290.081 1569.5 3.9 7.1 10.9 - 2 9 - 8 -4.3 3.6 - 2 5 . 9 5 291.621 8-+ 7 423.579 2625.5 7.2 18.2 18.6 - 4 4 . 5 -6.4 5.9 - 2 0 . 4 18 426.201 .

I

8 6 0 ii!_G -20. . - -3o- 9 - 8 -4 - 5 0 . $j - 6 0 . I 50 00 150 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0 4 5 0 5 0 0 E N E R G Y (ke’.‘)

ar : The results of the energy differences (Eexpt.

.A-_

.n = 12( j =23/2 -T j =21/2 n=ll{ j =21/2 j =19/2 INTENSITY RATIOS a:b:c=252: I :230

ASSUMING STATISTICAL POPULATION -mm---__

AE=(go+ 2gi)(aZ)4 mc2 2n3 a(!J+ I) P =(gO+ gl )PN

- E talc.) versus E for the six transitions I’n II : R e l a t i v e i n t e n s i t i e s o f t h e f i n e struct t h e K - p b a t o m .

T h e 8-7 transtion is not used in theK_mass d e t e r m i n a t i o n . T h e b e s t - f i t i s mK =493:657 +-0 .020

components of a given An = 1 t r a n s i t i o n

MeV with Xg ~6.1 f o r f o u r d e g r e e s o f f r e e d o m .

(5)

139.5686 & 0.002 SREL, Ge(Li)

139.5667 -+ 0.0024 Gatchina, crysta,l spectrometer

139.5656 t 0.0008 Yale-Colutnbia,crystal spectrometer 493.688 +- 0.030 493.657 + 0.020 938.179 ? 0.058 -2.791+0.021(N.M.) -2.819-f-0.046(N.M.) 1197.24 -+ 0.15 -1.40-+:;: ( N . M . ) 0.65:::; ( N . M . > -1.48t-0.37CN.M. > -1.097-tO.044

(N.M. >

&es : TESTS OF VACUUM POLARIZATION

Atoms to Vacuum PolarizationP r e c i s i o n R e l a t i v e

I.

High Z, Pb, Ba, etc. 4 x 10-a I(. (,o-- ‘ H e) 2S-t2P 2.5 x lo-’ I . p-- *'Mg , *‘Si, s‘P 2 . 5 x 1O-a 3D, 2 + 2P,/z CERN, Ge(Li) ’ Columbia-Yale, Ge(Li) Columbia-Yale,Ge(Li) BNL, Ge(Li) Columbia-Yale, Ge (Li) BNL, Ge(Li) BNL, ’ 82 Method of Determmation Ge(Li) l‘unable laser

Curved crystal spectrometer

Iv.

(p-- ‘He) 3P - 3D V. _{(/1_P)2S-2P}

6 4

Tunable laser Tunable laser

(6)

- _.

THE I I-DO lRAh5illm OF THE ANnFTioToK WANUi ATOM 15 cc. c&u 2 WNMLS SUMMED 361.34 363.34 3 6 5 . 3 4 3 6 7 . 3 4 3 6 9 . 3 4 3 7 1 . 3 4 373.34 BGGy owl @W : The 11-+10 transition in $J. F=l - w%. -< F=l W 22S’/2 F = O

fiJi : The 2s ,+md 2P level diagram of muonic hydrogen (p -P)

(7)

TO SPECTRO

COPPER PION

Ti X-RAY TARGET DETAIL OF TARGET

(8)

60( 5oc 4 o c 3 0 0 2 0 0 100 I -k

Slit

Al (4f-3d)

wid’th,’ I70pm

9/ I-0780

I

S L I T P O S I T I O N I N pm

I I 1 I I 1 7 0 0 0 1 7 5 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 1 8 5 0 0 67

(9)

_x

”

III III I I I.

(10)

-5f+4d

17eV

SLIT POSITION (MICRONS)

&i:

Calculated Energy Differences

E ( 5f-4d)-E(5g-4f) inPionicTi (eV) Klein-Gordon Eq . P t. NucIeus Coulomb Potential Vacuum Polarization, first order [acta) )

Vacuum Polarization, higher order (a’(&> ,a(Za> 395p7) Electron screening, 1S electrons

Strong Interaction

Total Calc. Energy Difference Experimental Result 59.3 2 5 . 2 0 . 4 - 0.6kO.6 3.8kl.O 88.1 Al.2 87.6 -r- 1.8 69