弱勢團體成員的集體行動──團體相對剝奪與集體效能的影響

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(5) ~~~l!IlllftffX:~~~llftffllJ - -lEllft;f§f:t~J.W~llft5&fjg~~.. 127. ,-ffijfj , {G$. m;tt:lWlm1[ijgj]*~EI3I!11~~~l¥Jgj]*. iml¥J*S5W:fflM J. f:~~1~1tp-r. m~~~W~~~ml¥J-~{§~om~. ~Jffi[~mfj~~~ijg~~~~:rJi!f,'f5E*S. '. ~~~:u~1~A fj. ~JJt. '~~1~{tp~{,@~. ;\.tt.~Wr~1JO~mfjmv. ~ mHj IJJ l¥J fj. W&Jg~~mv. ~m~1~l¥J1~~. ~ZP:ffiJ U~ffiJ. ' ~PM'&~ ' {tMf§. HjlJJu~ ~. ? ~tW. r 5&ijg~OJl J. '. wm-~mfjlJJ1[~r'S'J5&ijg~DJtl¥J. ' f9U$lO '. (Fiske, 1987). f1t:.f'llJi~. W&:~~mv. (Fox-Cardamone & Hinkle, 1989, ms Hinkle,. Fox-Cardamone,. Haseleu,. Brown, & Irwin, 1996) i¥JAtt.*~W~ 1bi¥J-~A. *. 0. W'. '. ]l!~?2,~~mfjmvtt~~5&. ~~5&ijg~DJl~-~~m5&ijgl¥J~D *m~~~?2,~. , '2m~~®&~~~. Jl;fm-s Bijgj]. afflG~®WMtt~0~~~~~~~m. :~~ d': -ErJ;=; /.. 1jmvl¥Jm~®: [Z§. '~~IJ,>(,*~fT. , 1997). mc±:ll¥J. 0. _~~~m~~JJt. r J")(ijg~DJt J. ~. ~i¥J{t!i§t. 0. ~t~-OOl!llmfflG~!1m. *m~~~?2,ff.S. ' -{~&~~I!II. ml¥J fflG~:tt~5E~=G~~1Jo~mHjmvtJ ~If)(]l!0~l¥J1~~ffiJ ' ~7tt*UIf~@ fjmv~~1[~:9f. (NP r ~iml¥J*S5W:ffl M J) , M5W:{*WJff.S;ttft!rfflG~ ~1JD~mHj mvl¥Jr:iJijg'I~1Nr'S'J ' f£Wr~?2,ff.S~OOlWlim1[ ~mfjlJJl¥Jijgj] , NP r ~ml¥J5&ijgfflM J r'S'J ' )1U 0. 1*mtt.~tt[z§Jlt1JDA~mfjmvl¥Jfi ~m-JfUUi. '. *m~!f,'f5]Uff~. Bandura. (1977, 1986, 1997) .m-@AJ1ff*l¥J r. s flG5&ijg;@~ J cp l¥J r 5&ijgfflM J W r *S ~fJiM J~M7C*~1$.¥l!IImJ1ff*l¥Jr ~. , {T*IE:5tifJT~* ' ~®m~.R r *S5W:fflM J l¥JfI~ , NP~~m. im5&ijg J f~l~ , ~~ r ~ml¥J5&ijgfflM J. W r ~mi¥J*5~fflM J tX& r WJ~D'[~~. imf§W*UW J W r 'l1fw'I~l!IImf§W*UW J. fi~~~tt~~fflffl5E~~~'Wm-5&. ~[Z§*fj~~~imfflG~MA~1JD~mfj. ijg~DYli¥J~-OO7C*-. mvl¥J~mJi;L~. ficacy theory ). @I~l~r:iJ tJffl*UA~~tt~1JD~mfj. r 5&ijgfffWJ J ! r*S5W:fffWI J ijijOOfft~ , r 5&. Ib '. aB~~ijg~. {S~. ~t-.t7. tJ -El.l¥JfL1L*~~~~m~w~', [Z§. _iI+! Hgi. r ~ml¥J5&ijg mM J Mz.*~1JD~~i Bandura f&*m tei¥J r ~mJ")(ijg J ~1~fI~ , _*$lO:$t; iW~c±:li¥J r aflG5&ijg;@~lffl J -:f* ' *1E:5t m r ~ijgfJiM J W r *551~jJ~M J ~@7C. ':J ~ JJt ~ Jffi[ fj. ~'{S~*m~~~{?~' ~:f*QJtJff~r~. ~. ~ijgf~¥UfJiM. .~ijgJ ~@~mJi-*i¥J5&ijg~DJl1il:5t. 1L**oWm-sB~~l¥J~~:tt**~. f§ J5&ijg~DJl '. m r ~ml¥J5&ijgfJiM J W r ~ml¥J*5~ mM J (JE.~-) ;ttcp r ~imi¥JJ")(ijg-yj. ~$U~CP5m-&~~l¥J:fJt15t. ~~~.M~~.¥~1L*~m§~§~. ~:9f.mc±:lJlM~. MJ. ~m-{~~mnIG~wm-;tt~m~~. ( 5ft~Piliff.JW~~It(J§ , ~ 88) , 1[l¥J~~~U. B91¥J~fjOOA ~Jf,-OOAW ~Jffi[!f,'f 5E*S5W:. *1;;'4::J:nt:1JG\. 0. ~~j]W. J. 0. (collective. !l!!! d':. =. S. :;;K'?)I]. IRIJ,>(, ~:AE"C:lii't.,. ~tWJftm~§l¥J. 0. 0. ijg~~JJt~Jffi[fjff.Sl¥J*U!Wf. '. 0. '. *m~~?2,~r:iJtJ. ff.Sm~-El.l¥J*~~~m~'U1L*~ ~~~:tt~9Htlf3F~. , ffr±Wr*JS<l¥Jmff~t~ , :@G~~~~Jji¥J:5t!fcLt. ' ~tt.~ J::~ ' 1[sSfL1L*. &:~l¥J~fflG. .:tt¥&¥J::1~.~~.¥~fEJ::f!Ji1J!tJt~. ;r ~. ft!r~~~~~0~~~,[Z§~,*m. jl!1";ttlWlimijg~{i&~Jffi[fjff.Si¥J{§~.

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(15) ~~lIlmfflG~8"J~ftrrllJ - -lIlm:f§:M~J.w~m~wg8"J~.. t ;ffl1t *11 t:=- J. iJ,ijJ'1! r. '. $. F( 1,1365) =804.47, p<.OOl ; ~~~r ~. fJfU_J' Beta=.08, F(3,1363)= 289.18,. .1¥.J~~HUm J' Beta=.12,. p<.OOl '. 423.72, p<.OOl ;. 5.. F(2,1364)=. ~:=.~ 1~;gJD'I~l!mmf§. P)J:. -(i~JJ[m~I¥.J~~:I,:{t!:i. ~~~:I,:I¥.J. 38.9%. 0. *~:B~I$-~.Hff.~.~J~J~~~~.~#. .078** .102***. * .609*** .315***. r ~~1L*-* J Jt~k. .071 ** .602*** .504***. i* /t 1~it(R2). J1t ~.. Beta 11i... 1.• ft ~ tt ne. B ')3. .609. .371. .3. .568. 2.• ft ~ ,tt B ')3. .619. .383. .012. .118. 3.~~o'!±1Il ft;ffl1t*'j t:=. .624. .389. .006. .076. *. Jt ~k. r :fQ.~ J. .038. J~;ffJ lUl1h:it(R). i@.~~~~~. 5.. ~. 137. J~;ffJ 1Ul1~it(R). l!!.~~~~~. :!';fno-'. i*/t1h:it(R2). Beta 11i... 1. • H ~ tt ne. B ')3. .602. .363. .363. .469. 2.•ft ~ ,tt. .642. .413. .050. .260. .645. .416. .003. .056. *B ')3. 3. ~~o·ti.1Il H;ffl1t*'j. *". r~~J Jt~k. 5.. J~;ffJ ~ij1h:it(R). i@.~~I!~~. .045 .090*** .755*** .569***. ~&flHtfJT (J!. :f.b.JL*-* J rtf ~mf'TiWJl¥.J~ ~, ~t:pP) r~. Beta 11i... .755. .570. .570. .657. 2.• H ~ ,tt. .764. .583. .013. .150. .767. .588. .005. .067. *B. J,ij. 3.~ ·tt·!± III ft;ffl1t*'j t:=. rtf ~J:.~lJ! ' fJm-~IDJ :1§ r ~1JD~mf'TiWJl¥.J~D J ::f!f - (iR~ ~mjU~JJ[ , ~t:p pj I ~RI¥.J%(ijgm:M J. ::g. iHI:1Jft*- '. I¥JJfi~li~JJ[. Beta =.47, F (1,1365). =777.04, p<.OOl ; ~~~. I. ~ml¥.J~5F!:. ~:5:1¥.J. tE. ~. I. 41.6% I. 0. JjU~ J rtf~J:.~lJ!. ~1JD~mf'TiWJl¥.J~D J. , ~t:p P). • :1J ft *- '. ' fJm-~~JJ ::f!f.=. (i~~. r ~ml¥.J%(ijgHfWl J. Beta=.66, F(I,1365). m:M J ' Beta=.26, F (2,1364) =479.25,. =1805.87, p<.OOI ; ~~m. p<.OOl ; ~:=.~ r ~;gJD'I~l!mmf§!iMfU. fJlMJ' Beta=.15, F (2,1364) =953.82,. •. (, Beta =.57 '. J1t no.. 1..H~~ne.B')3. tE':&~~ J. . r ~1JD~IH'T. i* /t 1~it(R2). J '. Beta=.06, F (3,1363) =323.41,. p<.OOI. 0. pjJ:.~JJ[m~I¥.J~~:I,:{t!:i*'~~. p<.OOI ; ~ - ~ _. J '. I. I. ~ml¥.J~5F!:. 'rflj~'I~i!'!Imf§!iMflj. Beta=.07, F (3,1363) =647.37,.

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(22) Taylor, D. M., Wright, S. C, & Porter, L.E.. (1994).. perceived. Dimensions. discrimination:. personal/group. of The. discrimination. approach. Canadian Journal of. Behavioral Sdence, 20,16-29. Trippathi, R. C, & Srivastava, R. (1981). Relative. deprivation. and. discrepancy. In M.P. Zanna &. intergroup attitudes. European. , J.M. Olson (Eds.). The psycho. Journal of Sodal Psychology, 11,. logy of prejudice (pp.233-255). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Tougas, E, & Veilleux, E (1988). The. Effect~. 313-318. Walker,. I.,. &. Mann,. L.. (1987).. Unemployment, relative depriv. influence of identification, col. ation. lective relative deprivation and. Personality and Sodal Psychology. procedure of implementation on. Bulletin, 13, 275-283.. and. social. protest. The main "cognitive grc. !&{tf. women's responses to affirmative. 88/7/5. action: A causal modeling. 88/10/18 ~CDl: 88/11/11. ~5¥:. deprivation(A outcome expec 1,367 freshme. compared to s sampled to pal were examinee public univers colleges; inter departments iJ C-GRD and, A-GRD for th private univer: of the their. 0. action of priv indicated that C-GRD or A from individu reactions of ffiI Keywords:.

(23) ~~lIImf&~i¥J~mfJliJ- -lIImf!Htf$fJWW~m5&ijgi¥J~.. 145. 1ian Journal of ~,. 20, 16-29.. stava, R. (1981).. rivation. and. Effects of Group Relative Deprivation. and Collective Efficacy. ldes. European. . Psychology, 11,. J eaw-Mei Chen. Maan-Ling Chang. Department of Psychology. L.. 1,. (1987).. National Chengchi University. relative depriv. )Cial. Abstract. protest.. '}Cjal Psychology. B3.. The main purpose of this sfiJ-dy is to investigate the differential effect of "cognitive group relative deprivation (C-GRD),', "affective group relative. 1&{tj::. deprivation(A-GRD)", "collective efficacy expectation(CEE)", and "collective. 88/10/18 -®2.t. outcome expectation(COE)" on willingness to become involved in collective action.. 88/7/5. 88/11/11. f£'~. 1,367 freshmen in private universities, who hold a disadvantageous position compared to students in public universities in Taiwan's educational system, were sampled to participate in this study. Three groups of different levels of inclusiveness were examined in this study: public-private university level: private compared with public universities; inter-school level: one's own school compared with all other colleges; inter-department level: one's own department compared with all other departments in the same college. The study found that these students had the most C-GRD and A-GRD for the private university, and had the least C-GRD and A-GRD for their own department. They had the most CEE and the least COE for private university students, and had the least CEE and the most COE for students of the their own department. They were most willing to participate in collective action of private university students. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that CEE and COE explained a greater proportion of the variance than C-GRD or A-GRD. This report concluded with the suggestion that further studies from individual, collective, and societal levels are needed to understand the reactions of members of disadvantageous groups and their affecting factors. Key words: group relative deprivation, collective efficacy, collective action, social. identity.

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