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選舉對民主政治的負面影響--以臺灣選舉為例

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(1)*1tITJt±f4/Hwa Kang Vol. 13, (1999), pp. 79 - 86. *. Jlt)€; a~. 1! 1t t\ £. tl iiI 1.3 ~. -y~ ~;'1!*A 11'1 The Negative Effects on Democratic. Development of Elections - The Case of Taiwan. 1~'. ;l'~. ~.I-. Joseph P. L. Jiang. ~. i~ ~ j!Uil:W~f!FlKJf*. ... ~.til:f"jflJ1~~. ~ ~.~I!H&ill!ff:*j~1¥.J1[t& ~ ~ tJ~jff1t.~.~PJ. 'rs. 1::. '*. ~ ~.W1tMft±II:f1]±:It!!.i&lf. A ... j~.IHJ r:lJ ~~~g; lffUIiI~ ~ ~. JL~R;~±~l¥.Jmtj~. ~ ~.W1t1ijff{1ii'. ~~. ~~.W:It!!.:tril*. mr. ~. a. , 'Bk'Ji~l~1f1t-f-5!¥ ' k'JttAJm1f1tfT1i!tAJm 1¥r1n:\ ' fJE~~flfjPf.~ , ~Y~:ff@~fiflj]1KHtfll~1tB"JJjJ§B ~~it,,~ , /f> ~1f1ilJ~Fi1ffljB"J1I::t~~~ , !!!1jt~.~f~.:E~l'fJti3&iWIJJl ~rm ' fF~~.:E~¥~1'fJ .:E~m.fll-~/f>~~.l'fJm.' ••~~:ffM~a~.JJl~.:EI'fJ~~mm'M~ ~~j!ff1-r~.:E~1itI'fJ&,~tl7jJ. 0. 0. ~~flltl*~~~?~~m.*~m.gl'fJm~:~ftW~'~JJlff~~~m~~ ~~JJl~?~~~.~I'fJ~.~oo~.'Xftm~~/f>Y~~.~~~ ·MI't:1fit~. , 13- A/f>pJ/f>~. .:E.~g. 0. ~~,a~~~.OO'TOO~~M~~.I'fJ.~.R'/f>~*~M.~.~~. ·. ~.~m~~*.a~.M±'mff~.~~*.~.~~&.

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