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愛河「水」文化景觀初探

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Abstract

Taking cultural ecological viewpoint, this paper investigates the evolution of the

water " cultural landscape of Love River by means of literature review and map

reading. The quantity change of the hydrologic place names of Love River basin was

reflecting the agricultural migration as well as the rise and decline of farming in

Kaohsiung Plain. Due to the dry and lengthy autumn and winter in Kaohsiung Plain,

the Lover River basin was in lack of stable and effective water sources for irrigation,

leading to the construction of Caogong Channel in Qing Dynasty, and thus cutting the

source of Love River. From then on, Caogong Channel and Love River co-established

the irrigation and drainage network of Love River. The categorization of hydrologic place names reflects the importance of the downstream river mouth port and the

transportation functions of Love River in the early stage of development of this area. In the middle stage the place names with the words of "channel" and "pond"

tremendously appeared at the middle-stream and downstream regions, revealing the

fact that irrigation was significant to agricultural developm nt. In the later stage, due

to urban expansion and the industrial and commercial development, the hydrologic place names of the entire basin were drastically decreased. However, the increasing number of bridges clearly reflected the greater need of land transportation. Lov River

has gone through the development of river u'ansportation, irrigation, expansion of

urban land use, as well as the prosperlty and replacement of land transportation.

Consequently, Love River in turns becomes an obstacle to land transportation. Apart

from becoming a dividing line of administrative regions, Love River even becomes a stinky ditch which is full of dirt and wastes. Today recreational and sightseeing

functions are bestowed on Love River, enabling the river to present its different

features and appearances at different times. But whether they are interlinking or contradicting with each other need to be further investigated in the later studies.

Keywords: cultural landscape, hydrologic place names, Love River, Caogong

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)lution of the wand map 'er basin was f fanning in Isiung Plain, Dr irrigation, s cutti ng the '-established f hydrologic )ort and the of this area. Id "pond" ;vealing the r stage, due hydrologic . increasing Love River pansion of ,portation. ion. Apart [l becomes ightseeing I different linking or tudies. Caogong

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