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以大量詞彙作為合成單元的中文文轉音系統

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(1)

(2)  

(3)  *. . . . **. . . **.

(4). *. *           **           yclin@ctu.edu.tw.   –l é ‘    G ! " —   ê G ë ì  8 ! " G ¥ ¦ ' 8 #$        

(5)        +í #$ ¥ ¦ 8 #$  2 ab 2 3 7µî           ! " #$ % &   ê ï Ñ ÞD ƒG ð ñ ò lab 2 3 ï  2  ' ( ) *

(6)  +, - '

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(8) / 0 12 p   ¢ 7ó ! ô õD ƒö = ! " CÖ ×  3 4 5 6 78 9 : ; <

(9) =      –[–m ÷ ø ù N Oú û  ÙuwÚ   > ; < ? @ AB & CD E FG H I J K L M N OPFading-in Q Fading-out7R S T    Greedy Algorithm C^ ü –ý þ 7   –l Ý p  µî   $  8 ‘ < U V W X YZ[\ ] O^ ! " _ ` ab y  +ab  A f š  ' ô    c d  e < CART f g ab h i=  TU  Cœ G [Ô = . o. Ž  ë  Ð Ñ  j k  ; < TU lm  nlPmajor breako minor break +no break7p       Þ

(10)   '   ˜  

(11)   ' q  r s  S     t uvvvw xy

(12)   p  Û y    y #  F  CE F  # ‚ <      N O7 ovz {| ny

(13) =        }~       1     ¢ £ ! " ˜ f š à Äa   €  #$ ‚ H L M N OƒB & 7 b † ‡ # h ià Ä–( à Ä C¡ L .Ð Ñ „

(14) P   oab † ‡ oˆ ‰ Š ‹ 7 f »œ $ Í Î% G & < C=  ƒ' ö =      ! "    j k7R S µ D ƒö =     CE  F [( ç è —˜ c ) 8 *   Unit   Œ  C   Ž   ‘ * ' [’ Selection ç è 7é ‘ + ƒG , ò D ƒB & –l & —˜ “ E F& ”waveform-concatenation• ‘ *  decision tree ÙvÚÙ-Ú + Like-HMMÙz Ú [™ < f š  › œ  /     ¯D ƒB & 7 ”synthesis units• ž Ÿ p   ¡ ¢ £ –(      –( B & D ƒj kC   ! ¹ º Qab O¤ ¥ ¦ 8 § lm  ¨ '   8 #$  ¹ º · ¸ 8    Q  ZL È 7. k–( f   ! 7–( f    #$ [© ªphoneme«o¬ » CÍ ÎCÖ × ƒ7ƒÞ/ é ‘ G <  © ªdi-phone«o­ ªsyllable«®¯ ° ± X 0 1 2 AªObjective function«ì 3 4 5 ì 3  [² ³   ´µP

(15) o! " 7¶   —  8" ˜   6 à 7   ¢ £ Ð  + ƒ  ˜ ¥ ¦ n· ¸ P ! ¹ º ªText analysis«oab f ab  4 4 5 8 Œ 9: ab L È 8 ; YÍ Î/ » ªProsody prediction« o      ªSpeech 0 < ˜ = #< > < CH ? @ Y> < @ ß W A g generation«7—˜ ¼ $ µ½ P : B Á 7 ¾¿  ! ¹ º P–J K ¥ ¦ À

(16) +(   Z         ! " #$ % &  ' ( ) * Á    Ã Ä P

(17) m Å Part-of-Speech,

(18)  +, - '

(19) .

(20) / 0 12 3 4 5 6  POSÆ R S  G N Oy  Ç  !   Ù-Ú7ó ! ô õµî # Ç 8 

(21)   C – L È > V  É Ê 2 3 Ë N (     ¥ ¦  Ô = D E 1L È 78 9 : O7 ; <

(22) ªword-based«=        7 ¾x¿ ab f »P< Cf »  Ì       –l word-based    —˜ F N p  !  a b Í Î P  ³ Å Duration Æ o  " ab ý þ  Ï CõG p H ô ~ 

(23)  ÅEnergyÆ oÏ ªPitch«oœ Ê ÅIntonationÆ 7 § G Ip ! ° J ‚ }G  ‚ }Ï É ¾n¿     P–· ¸ [™ < Ð Ñ f »›  KY

(24) Ž L ƒ~ +     œ Ê Ï M ab Í ÎÇ Ò     ¢ £ Ó  Ô V¤  É KN O 4 I 7q ( / S  ­ P Q ³ C     Õ ™ < L M N OB & ´µP õ=   

(25) ±  G R  ! " ~ C³  PSOLA ” Pitch-Synchronous Overlap and  X ø ù S T –ý þ 7 Add•CÖ × ab Ê Ø 7    Ù{Ú ' Û ¶    —˜ Ü Ý P1 #   $ % &  N OQab Ê Ø Þ 7Œ  Cß  à ž á â   ã ½ ä 8 .   ¢ ªCorpus-based«å å     —æ ç è 7. . . .

(26)   s ­ —˜ U I   ; <  . V.    ç è 7p   ç è   

(27) 8 p ab † ‡ # ; < ( ab † ‡ C=  TU j.  ! " # . (. ). *. +.  Text analysis and prosody analysis . . .

(28) . . . . . , . * . + . ( . ). *. +.  . . . *. +. .       

(29)      . word-based unit selection  2. 3. . . 4. . . . . . /. 0. .. 1. . . .    prosody modification . . .  $ % ! ! & '  .   .   

(30) . k> W µX  unit selection  Ç ab † ‡  L È =  ƒ+ƒÓ   ê ~ j k7 ç è µY u 8: 7   p s  q  ¶ f »³ Q / S  R S G ; < ' ab † ‡ # ”prosodic hierarchy tree• ç è Z —˜ < [ [< Cf g TU ° J Qm ÷\ ] ÷ab † ‡ # µY v 8: 7          S. k   ”Prosodic Phraseg   PP• a ` P¸    ± ò ab

(31)  ´P˜ ' h i  lc ! " ”Sentenceg  m• a ` P  Ã Ý n M ? @ ¸    ± ò ab k    ´P ˜ ' h i  ab

(32) o‚ TU 1 §  ° a b

(33) .ab

(34) / 0 I TU ”minor break• ab k   .ab k   / 0 —˜ TU ”major break)7 TU V   #p q Q q  Ô = / q r st › TU # u G v  O^ ! _ ` 7 . jc. '  (. .  .        . .          .    . .     .      .   . . .    .       .    –ç è ½ —˜ ¸  ? ^ _  w ½   ` † ‡ a ` P bc

(35) ªdord« a ` P y e 9T ` r s  °  ´P fc ab

(36) ”Prosodic Wordg   PW• a ` P¸    ± ò 

(37)  ´Ph i . ). *. +. ,. -. .. *. +. .     ! ¹ º À

(38) 7 è

(39) û  —˜ Í , ÙwÚ B CZ [ rule-based B & CÀ

(40)   ; < 

(41) ] Ò x y z {6

(42) r | Õ } ~  Ë Y  € ] t uw {

(43) 7Ã Ä

(44) m û  @ [; < POS , -

(45)  bigram  ‚ · ÷ C ^ ü Ambiguity– ‚ · ÷Í , ÙuwÚÕ V¶  X ; <  bigram · ÷É KYC7

(46) m —˜ [ e < x y 8ƒ a  ww l

(47) m à ÄQ w lc „ à ÄÙuÚ7   p ab ¹ º —˜ N Oû   f »Ì  ­ ³ o 7  e < Ù Úì Aab f »· ÷I  ï   ! " 8   š ë Ì G ab  † ‚ Ö × Îk‡ < ˆ Ž [" ˜ 7 

(48) X Ô }  X C‰ Š ab ‹ V7R S   G Ž L ¤ < ab † ‡ Œ  8   < Ý Ž  µ  Ó ab † ‡ 7 .     . ab. . . . .    ˆ ‰ Š ‹ Classification and Regression Trees‘[ ’ “ ” ° ì $ • – Ñ — ˜  x ™  î š  ™ < x # B & C¨  ¹ m +› œ 6  –[l Data-driven B & Z # . k    c d~  C  Ô V¤ ü ž # YŸ # 1   c dV ¹ m 6 r s/ q 7Y–( c d ~  [. k  Ð Á Á  8¡  C7p a b † ‡ # ç è   —˜ 6 à [  PP . ¢ £ 7Ò TU ¤ q C¥   # Ç  PP Q PW  ý þ   h ¹ p TU lm TU lm  n lPmajor breakominor break +no break7¦  major break §  p PP h iminor break §  p PW h ino break §  p PW o Word / 0 h i7Boundary lm a  2 p –nl/ §8   # Ç –ý þ   [l¹ m ý þ 7 . 

(49).    F½.  C.  .  ø.  ù.  ü.  a.  ˜. . . ¨ (. c. dC. .

(50) ü ž # . kÙ© ÚÙu| ÚÙuuÚU V   # Á ª (  G Ñ «7 D ƒ½  uw c d7 Ž «¬ î µ9 u7 POS[0]Pe 9 boundary  ÎÞh ú x

(51) 

(52) m  POS[1]Pe 9 boundary  ÎÞh ú 

(53) 

(54) m  POS[2]Pe 9 boundary ÎÞh ú 

(55) 

(56) m  POS[3]Pe 9 boundary ÎÞh ú x

(57) 

(58) m  WLEN[0]Pe 9 boundary  ÎÞh ú x

(59) 

(60) ³  WLEN[1]Pe 9 boundary  ÎÞh ú 

(61) 

(62) ³  WLEN[2]Pe 9 boundary ÎÞh ú 

(63) 

(64) ³  WLEN[3]Pe 9 boundary ÎÞh ú x

(65) 

(66) ³  SBLENP! ­ ' boundary ³ q ªsyllable  ° « EBLENPboundary ' ! ® ³ q ªsyllable  ° « SLENPØ ! ³ q ªsyllable  ° « PRE_TYPE[0]P Îú x boundary_type PRE_TYPE[1]P Îú  boundary_type                           Word       PW      PP  boundary boundary boundary       Word 4495 245 59 boundary PW 489 474 108 boundary PP 178 80 230 boundary 9 u  ¯ ° ± ² ³ ªu´ v« w-{ [9:  Word boundaryµ ¶  PW boundary ·_  w-{ 7·¸ ¹ ‚ 3 & µªA u«8: P . 0Word boundary 1PW boundary 2PP boundary. .  ƒÓ . —˜.   . . . 6 Ã. . . 7. . . . .    s    ‘ <

(67) —–(   ê CÒ Ó    8Ó Ó '  ‘ < y  7  Ô Þ 

(68) I 

(69)   Ð  ¥ ¦ 8   £ 7 

(70) ³ Õ  Ö @ Ò xy

(71) × Ø  Ð Ù Ú Û Ü

(72) Ý CÞ Ú –[Ixy

(73) Qny

(74)  2  ‚ Ï  ¦ š ³ q 

(75) 7    Ó  ‚  uu´ | v ªsamples/s«7I  > ï  Ç 8  

(76)   8  ò  ß  Þ/ 7– Þ/ —˜ [ à  2 Þ7R S I  P Q ³ G 4 1 P Q ³ CB ³ Ñ «8 p  ~ + ø ù S T ³ p  X  Ñ «á :  tp â ny

(77) ± ” y

(78) ~ ³ ‹ G R 4 ; 1 ³ 7     uvvvw xy

(79) ovz {| ny

(80) F½ C" ˜ H ã  ªSpeech Segmentation«û  7I syllable [     I  ° 8 ø ù Ç Ì  syllable ä å .æ å ã  p –B  ç ~ ; < è û ã > Ñ Þ G û ¹ ¶ Þ¹ a ¸ ¹ 7Ø ã Þ/ é ê ' —1 ë À YŸ " ˜ ì Ü }? N CN O 8 F½ CU V ½   ã Ö @ 7  e Ó  Ö @ 

(81) Ç "  í î ï @ # í ð ñ =  7 p " B  µPbªò«odªó«®¯µî ò ã  Ý #$ G ô  Ø ­ õ µ § 8   " ˜ í î öï 4 ‚ G  –ý þ ã ÷ ø 5 I ù ú ! [$ û ü W  ( ­ É [  ‚ #ã ÷ Þò 7 .   . . . .   s ­ U V ý µ h ƒÓ ö =     CE FI   [

(82) 8 µ }

(83) 2 2 2 ªhomophone« 2  Fþ  CH          % = Cii / Cij...........(1) #7µî ï  2 ô @  Ò

(84) ­ h D ƒ i =0 i =0 j =0 Ô }­ § G I ­ §  † Y   8g B ·¸ ¹ ‚  -uº © »p # ¼ ½ Þ/ 8‚ }78   ë ì  ƒž Ô j Ü  # ¥ 

(85) ³ +

(86) m V ¸ ¹ ‚  ¾  " ï ¬ è ”C/V ¬ è • oœ Ê ªTone«o + Ô = r s> ‚ G I‚ }G à ÄY 8‚

(87) ° J ªPosition in word«CH ­   D ƒ7 }.¦ š x ™ ¿ À ¬ î Á  7ß     C µî ! ï  2 ô  Õ ™ <  CE F7Ø O   # à ­ Ý  uw| Ä Å 8 Æ ‚ Ç È  C7  CÙ Ú µ½ P  ¾¿ ƒ

(88) ”P}

(89) • /  0 1 2 3 , - . 4 5  ¾x¿ Ò

(90) D ƒ   ¾n¿ ƒ    Ñ Þ ! ¹ º · ¸   # D ƒ n    Z ¦      CÒ C¥ ¾¿o ¾x¿ c d    É [é ‘ + ƒX > ‚    C    

(91) £ Y¾n¿C  ¡ ¢ £  Ø æ / Y µY w 8: 7Iƒ

(92) Qƒ    ´µPÊË Ì ÍÎ  f  

(93) #$  ÊÎoÊÏ Ðή¯ ˜ [Ô n  % #  + ƒq 

(94) J K #$ G  2 Ê =    + ƒ78 ™ < ab ¹ º · ¸ 8¹ º  ÎoÊ ÎÛ l}

(95)   ( ~ Õ ß  y C  œ $ c d ªacoustics features« +   Z c d Ô }X š ƒÓ #78 F½ C  " ˜ S T ªlinguistic features«CD ƒö =     Ñ[ J K   ¾x¿ÊÒ

(96) D ƒ ÎJ K 7. ∑. ∑∑.

(97) Ç =  ƒæ /  F½ CÛ Ü ? @  CD ƒ    D ƒ @ Ö × E F7    ! " # $ % & ' ( ) *+ , - . . e ã 7= Q=ƒ

(98)  ° J Q6 Ã ° J  [ p

(99) ­ 8  š ƒ/ p–Û  ó  + ƒ = ƒó  I ʃÎœ Ê QÊ"Îœ Ê [ % } 8 ì 3  C e ã R = ! I   G ƒ ' =ƒó  C H E F 7 ”& ' æ / ( Í , Ùwڕ   Phone Sequence  ! + 2 3 4 & ' ( ) *+ , - .   Rule1    wº vº u ƒ B & > ï  , - 'œ $ Í Î (was the word recorded?) ” Ï ´ pitch«8 s I ­ ß  R l  Ï  j k ƒ B & 7­ š ø ù š Ç8       

(100)     pitch )  7– ƒ B A* + p pøß

(101) Rule 2      ò   8E F 1     ” Prosodic Word (was the syllable in a word which was recorded?) o«Ç  0 1 F N  Ï 4 8 I =    

(102)    4 ö =E F   1 F N  Ï 4 , G ô ‚  Rule 3    2 3 7‚ Þ – ƒ B &   š ü - .  (select a syllable from monosyllable-database) Æ [ p Prosodic Word oø ù ž pÐ 

(103) µ î‚ ž pô + ƒ Ï Ñ ï  Ð D ƒ   C =Í , C 3 Ó 4 5 –~ + $ / ; < wº vº u  5) 5) + 6 7   8U V ƒ B & C ƒ 7     é ‘ 8˜ D ƒG  2 p ‚ }

(104) 8    !  G  2

(105) ò + ƒ–h  Ñ[ƒ'  ö  = CE F7  ; < ' Í Î  ZÍ   pa b Ê Ø · ¸  — ˜N O û  ¥ ¦ T U 0 ÎYë ì Ö O[h ì 3 ƒ8< e ã e ã 1 2 o ³   Ê Ø oOverlappingoFading-in 8 M e 9 ~  8 FŒ   ~   7 Q Fading-out 7T U J K . k Ž L  ì   ¢ £   8, -   ZÍ Î¥ ¦ P  á :p† ‡ # ç è ½ 8  ‡ T U 0 É ¾¿ ­  CV ¬ è Tone K 8 3 4 5 6 78 e Ó 1 2 7 aT U 0 ¾x¿­  CV ¬ è Tone  & . k W gC ü aö =T U 0µ 9 w ¾n¿

(106) ° J  8:7pa b † ‡ # ç è  Prosodic Word ¦ 

(107)

(108) ° J  a ` µ½ P o[ ‚ G §  T U É [ pŽ L ™ <   C

(109) ­ Psyllable Ä B ‚ p

(110) ooÅ B p

(111) o E F ~ + 8 (   0  F E F G ô 1 F

(112) Psyllable Ä B p

(113) ooÅ B p

(114) o N T U 9 A –. a b † ‡ # Œ   8 

(115) æ Psyllable Ä B p

(116) ooÅ B ‚ p

(117) o Overlapping ³ q j k Í , Ù{Ú8ƒ a C    Ê·ÎoÊ+Î Overlapping ;   e Ó ú 

(118) PÊÎ

(119) ­ oÊ·Î

(120) oÊÎ 9 w”:e 9% œ ï • < = < = B & 7p ³ Ê Ø   ³ > ‚ ; < 

(121) æ  PSOLA C Ö × Ê Ø Y [ ; < cut off  & – ú x

(122) PÊÎ

(123) ­ oÊÎQÊÎ

(124)  B & g  Y Ÿ $ ¹í  û > — ˜Ö @  oÊ+Î

(125) æ 

(126) µ î6 à  ³ R   Ö Ø  ³ ? @ cut off  @ @ ‚ Ö × Ê Ø  7p  ˜‚ ˜Ê Ø 'A N ´^  Ò

(127) ƒ Œ  P ÷  % ‚ G §  µ Ê Ø  ³ ~ B  “ 7Fading-in  ) ) + / 0  Q Fading-out — ˜< C ä M   C D  ë + ƒ + ƒ8p

(128)     ˜Ê Ø J ¹· _  n  Ý Ì Ý ù ú 0 ó  1    Í Ë §  x1 , x 2 , x3 ,..., x n fading-out E Aµ ªA v«8 ó  Ñ1 1 ò§  §  :7}   ë½ fading-in E Aµ ªA w«8:7 ó  Ñ1 1 ò§  ó§   n F B [ # $ " ˜ fading-in Q fading-out¹ ó  1ƒ  !    G [ ¾¿  7    4 H 1  2 3   ë!"À

(129) ”

(130) ="  ”fading-out•7¾x¿  7    4 H 1   ˜ '    ëªó   #  «– } 2 3 ”fading-in• 7 ¾n¿I ? Þ  ³ ”fading-out •7 

(131) > ï   Þ F ½ C Ñ ˜Ò

(132)  h ƒ' ó   n − i +1 I 6 à  

(133) ­ 8 ˜, -

(134)  ° J Q  xi ( fading _ out ) = xi * ´  i = 1 ~ n ®ªA v« n +1 e ã 7– e ã 8$ 2 Ž L  T ` 

(135) š ƒ

(136)  ° J Ô } Õ , -   " oï  Qœ Ê  Ù. Ú Ú. (waveform concatenation).

(137) x i ( fading _ in ) = xi *. i ´  i = 1 ~ n ®ªA w« n +1.  T.  5 8 U m ÷  Minor break Major break J M”• !M”7• ý M”K• L M M”N • ¹M”ö • U M”o• O M”P• T. 9 :   U ³ q ªms« | v | w|| zv  zv  zv  || v | w||.   . ­. ". ò Q. ó. Ë. T. U. V. . W. X.  . Y. Z. !. \. ]. ^. _.  ; < = 0    < = J ¹P R 0 R S  | |º |  |º u [  |º u  : |º v m ÷. 6  . ³.  . 67 67 8. 9. :. ,. 9. ;. .    I '6  ` > ï   ›R 4 B & C a À‚ }      0 G F ½ C g:— ˜[ p  = Ö × 5 Ê C Ö × R 4 78  ™ < MOS C a         q ”Naturalness•7R S # p q g:”Intelligibility Testing• [ l ‘ * ë À  # < = B & 7 pŽ «  G ¹G Ö ×  q g:ob ›g:”Preference Testing•Q# p q g:7· _  -  GÍ 7 g:–( G— ˜C   x ™  ”z G• 7 c d ”v G• 7p MOS g:Qb›g:  [ øe ”paragraphs• ° Ì ø³ q f  u g v  y / 0 7Y g:øe C Ò h i   ¢  Ì  øe ƒ ‚ } — þ  j k oâ l or 3 ®¯7 Ž «  g:B & m Ÿ    ( ( GC =g: X–(    C a ¹Î ¹Î ¹  ¯n P ¹PW ‘ ›”excellent• ow ¹P›”good• ow ¹P o é ” fair •o v ¹ P  ” poor •o u ¹ P p  ”Unsatisfactory• g:· _  v| ø7b›g:7  q g:; < Ô } øe b›g:g:B &  1 m Ÿ Û     u W Xƒ' ¦  / C e 9W Xq ›7R S p# p q g: C Ò Ô }  !" ° · _  v| !g:B & ( g: Xr ½ s Ÿ      ± y 7   Ž « 6 B  4 9 t u  Prosodic Word 0 I T U [ @ ˜1 2 T U 0K8 Ö ×   . q + b›g:Ž « ¬îµ 9 Q9 zÛ X ¬îÔ v ‚ ‘ O # * Prosodic Word 0 T U V  T X‚ v ? G 7R S w V wº v  Û  Ò

(138)  ƒ  B & Ö × b›g:¬îµ 9 ©B '¬î# x á § 2  , -   Z Í Î G R  , - œ $ Í Î  Ï ! ˜›7

(139) y ’ z { | ¼ }¹ aš §  ~ h “ •  €  ‚ ƒ „ v † ‡  ´Ñ Þ a b Ã Ä  

(140) y ’ z { <PP>| ¼ }¹ a <PP>š §  <PW> ~  <PW>h  <PW> 7p–! “ •  €  ‚ <PW>ƒ „ v † ‡  b›g: , -  Ï B & G C R 4 ˆ ‰ ¦  Ö I I 

(141) ¹a[ 

(142) 8 =

(143) } ˜h ì 3 7

(144) ¹E F N PQ Ï 4 5 ¬î

(145) }  Ê & Š Ï ð ñ W Ð C ‚  7I  CART   t - ¸ ¹‚  V ´"À¦ Ž > ‚ [ , ›ð ñ

(146) }ø ù h Í ,

(147) ¹ Ï –[ ð ñ Ö I / 7p# p q g:   B' {©º v» ¸ ¹‚ 7   >? @ A B C DE F G H G I J K L G F I M , 8 9 N à Œ ‚ 1 T U 0 à Œ g  1 T U 0 : ªPQ MOS«  ªPQ MOS«  X ‹ M M01 wº |  |º w{© w |º w©w. M02. wº u . |º {zw. wº u . |º ©{v. M03. wº w. |º ©uw. wº w. |º zw|. M04. wº w- . |º |w. wº z©. |º u-u. M05. wº . |º zz-. wº z . |º - v. M06. wº {. |º w-. w. |º zwv. M07. wº v. |º ©w-. w. |º ©|©. M08. vº { . |º -|w. vº { . |º -|w. P Q . wº z-. . wº ©u . .  OP Q B C DE F G H G I J K L G F I M , 8 9 N g:X  1 T U 0”»• ‚ 1 T U 0”»• ‹M M01 w| z|. M02. |. |. M03. . w . M04. |. |. M05. ©|. w|. M06. ©|. w|. M07. |. |. M08. . w .

(148) PQ. . [5]° $ ± , "       a b f » + ¦  Ö “ ½  t $ ¤ < Î $ 8§ ¨   , 2004 7. w .   RP Q B C D' ( ) *+ , - . N g:   Z Í Î ”»•    Z Í Î Q X‹  Ï ”»• M M01 ©| w|. M02. -|. v|. M03. |. |. M04. |. |. M05. u||. |. M06. z|. w|. M07. |. |. M08. z|. w|. PQ. zwº zw. wzº wz. [6]Hunt, A.J.and Black, A.W., " Unit Selection in a Concatenative Speech Synthesis System Using a Large Speech Database ", Proceedings of ICASSP 1996, IEEE, Volume 1, pp.373 - 376, Atlanta, USA. [7] Wei-jun Chen, Fu-zong Lin, Jian-min Li and Bo Zhang, " Generation of Chinese Prosodic Phrasing Rules by An Extension Matrix Algorithm", Proceedings of ICASSP 2002, IEEE, Volume 1, pp.489 - 492, Orlando, Florida. [8]Min Chu, Hu Peng, Hong-yun Yang and E.Chang, " Selecting Non-Uniform Units from A Very Large Corpus for Concatenative Speech Synthesizer ", Proceedings of ICASSP 2001, IEEE, Volume 2, pp.785 - 788, Salt Lake City..    ps      €

(149) r |        s   ¥ ¦  ½ Ç c ) P ¾¿§  û ü ”# p q ¨ {©º v»• 7 ¾x¿pÔ } à ž Ž   ½ 

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