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A Study of Sound Signal Tracking 楊家澤、胡永柟

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A Study of Sound Signal Tracking 楊家澤、胡永柟

E-mail: 9806516@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

This study is composed of three main parts. The first is to use the piezoel-electric element to make a set of four-direction

sound-drawing sensors. It is used to make samples from analog signal information that we get, and samples will be transformed into digital signals for the computer to analyze, compute and handle ; in the mean time, we can acquire the characteristic values of signal sources.

The second is to use the advantages of the gray system theory to make analyses and decisions of the characteristic values about gray relational grade, so that we can figure out sixteen-direction sound source targets.

Final is to use the PID controller and Fuzzy controller and Genetic Alogorithms to make output control(motor)of the target object and thereturning back of the location sensor. Finally, through serial information of the three parts’ processes, we can get a signal-tracingsystem which is fast, highly accurate and disturbance-proof.

Keywords : piezoel-electric element、gray system theory、PID controller、Fuzzy controller、Genetic Alogorithms Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁

授權書………..….…….iii

中文摘要……….….….…….iv

ABSTRACT……….………..…….v

誌謝……….…….………….…….vi

目錄……….……….…….vii

圖目錄……….………...xi

表目錄……….………..xvi

第一章 緒論………....1

1.1 聲源訊號追蹤之發展過程與文獻探討...1

1.2 研究動機與目地...2

1.3 研究步驟………..………..4

1.4 論文大綱與編排………..…………..7

第二章 訊號處理系統之建立………..…….……..8

2.1 訊號處理系統介紹...8

2.2 聲學理論……….…………..9

2.3 壓電元件……….…………..10

2.4 聲源訊號處理步驟……….…………..14

2.5 聲源感測系統……….…………..14

2.5.1 PCLD-8115卡……….…………16

2.5.2 PLC-818H 卡...16

2.6 轉換卡種類………...19

2.7 轉換卡工作原理………...20

2.8 特徵參數………...24

第三章 灰色理論與灰關聯之架構………28

3.1 傳統的統計迴歸………...28

3.2 何謂灰色理論………...28

3.3 灰關聯分析………...30

3.4因子空間………31

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3.4.1灰關聯空間...32

3.4.2 序列可比性………..32

3.4.3 灰關聯生成的4項公式………..33

3.4.3.1 灰關聯度……….34

3.4.3.2 灰關聯生成……….34

3.4.3.3 灰關聯系數……….35

3.4.3.4 辨識係數……….36

3.4.3.5 求灰關聯度……….37

3.4.3.6 灰關聯序……….37

3.5 修飾型灰關聯度………38

3.6 修飾型灰關聯度滿足公理………38

3.7 灰關聯分析與模型架構………40

第四章 PID 控制器理論與架構……….44

4.1 何謂PID……….44

4.2 PID 控制器的發展與優缺點……….………45

4.3 PD控制器………..………...45

4.4 PI控制器………..……….46

4.5 PID控制器設計………..………..47

4.6 PID控制器調整參數方法………..………..48

第五章 模糊控制理論與架構………..………….50

5.1 模糊理論………..…………50

5.2 模糊理論之基本定理………..………51

5.2.1 模糊集合………..……….52

5.2.2 歸屬函數………..……….54

5.2.3 模糊推論………..……….55

5.2.4 模糊蘊含式………..…….56

5.2.5 模糊集合運算………...…….57

5.3 模糊控制器(Fuzzy Logic Controller,FLC)……..….57

5.3.1模糊控制器之優缺點………..……...58

5.3.2 模糊化(Fuzzification)………..……..59

5.3.3 解模糊化(Defuzzification)………..…..61

5.3.4 推理機構(Inference Engine)…………..………62

5.3.5 規則庫(Rule Base)………..……...63

5.3.6 資料庫(Data Base)………..………...64

第六章 基因演算法理論與架構………..………..67

6.1 基因演算法………..…….67

6.2複製(Reproduction)……….….……..68

6.3交配(Crossover)……….….………68

6.4突變(Mutation)………..……….…………68

6.5 基因演算法適應度設計………..………69

6.6 基因演算法編碼與解碼………..………70

6.7 基因演算法架構………..………71

6.8 使用基因演算法改善模糊控制器系統………..……72

第七章 研究步驟與方法………..……….74

7.1 硬體架構………..………74

7.1.1 音源擷取系統………..……….74

7.1.2 音源監測系統………..……….75

7.1.3 Lab VIEW卡監測………..……....76

7.1.4 系統校準……….……..77

7.1.5 音源訊號擷取與分析……….…..82

7.1.5.1 音源訊號之擷取……….…...83

7.1.5.2 音源訊號分析與特徵值之產生…....92

7.2 灰關聯處理……….…….93

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7.3 控制器的選擇……….110

7.3.1 PID控制器………110

7.3.2 模糊控制器………..112

7.3.3 基因演算法改善模糊控制器………..119

7.4 控制器的比較……….128

7.5 系統鑑別……….130

第八章 結論望與展望...135

參考文獻...137 REFERENCES

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參考文獻

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