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The Comparative Research of National Innovative Capacity 徐嘉瑞、吳孟玲

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The Comparative Research of National Innovative Capacity 徐嘉瑞、吳孟玲

E-mail: 9314247@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

In twenty-one century, Porter (2001) argued the prosperity resulted from the competition, namely, innovative capacity. However, the relative literature was focused on the organizational innovation, industrial, and governmental innovative policy. Whereas, the study integrated two theories, the National Innovative System and National Innovative Capacity, as the theoretical base to suggest the National Innovative Input model, and contribute the national level relative research, which lacked in Taiwan. Further, the

international patents are used as measurable variables of innovative outputs; these data usually came from United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), however, it may ignore the situation, where inventors may patent their inventions only in individual home country or other countries except America. Thus, besides the data of international patents, the study used the data of Science citation index and Engineering index as alternative variables of innovative output. The study includes 24 countries, which listed in The World Competitiveness Yearbook (2003), and the data resource includes The World Competitiveness Yearbook (1999-2003);

the publication of IMD, United States Patent and Trademark Office (2001), and Main Science and Technology Indicators (2003);

the publication of OECD. The study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as statistic method, which cannot only suggest the improving proportion items to sample countries, but also offer the alternation to regression method. The result suggested below, first, toward the global efficiency America, Russia, and mainland China are more efficient than others. Second, about the pure

technological efficiency South Korea and Poland are more efficient than others, whereas, the study suggest South Korea and Poland as the paradigm of innovation and management. Final, some countries evaluated as un-efficiency result from the over-input in IP protection, R&D resources, university education, university-industry cooperation, technological cooperation between companies, country risk, national culture, and national size. Thus the study these countries can transform the resources to other useful activities.

Keywords : National Innovation System ; National Innovative Capacities ; National Innovative Input ; Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) ; Science citation index (SCI) ; Engineering index (EI) ; R& ; D resources

Table of Contents

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書………...iii 中文摘要………

………v 英文摘要………...vii 誌謝………

………...ix 目錄………....…x 圖目錄…………

………..xii 表目錄……….……xiii 第一 章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機…...………..………….1 第二節 研究目的………...………...…..………..3 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 國家創新系統………...………...………4 第二節 國家創新潛能…………...…………..….

…………7 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究對象….………...…………..……..10 第二節 研究變項與資料來源………

…..…..……..……...11 第三節 分析方法…….………..…………..…...14 第四章 研究結果 第一節國家創新投入模型

……….…….………18 第二節 實證結果………....………..………....21 第五章 討論與結論 第一節 研究討 論………….…………...……..………....27 第二節 結論……….…..………...28 第六章 研究意涵與貢獻 第 一節 研究意涵……….……….…….……...29 第二節研究貢獻………...……….………32 第三節後續研 究建議…………...………..………...33 第四節 研究限制……….…………..…………...…33 參考文獻………

……….……….35 中文部份………..………35 英文部份………

………..………36 REFERENCES

中文部份 1. 台灣如何走出困境,2001,天下雜誌244期 2. 林秀英,2001,「知識經濟之科技與創新衡量課題之探討」,科技發展政策報 導,期號:SR9007 3. 李健瑞,2003,「以資料包絡分析法比較二十個國家科技競爭效率之評估」,中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文 4.

邱奕嘉,2003,「國家創新系統對台灣高科技產業發展影響之研究」,交通大學科技管理所博士論文 5. 徐作聖,1999,國家創新系統 與競爭力,聯經出版社 6. 陳立功,2000,「國際間科技人力流動指標之研究」,科學發展月刊,第28卷第七期 7. 孫遜,2004,資料包 絡分析法-理論與應用,揚智文化 英文部份 1. Boekholt, P., Gaag, H., Hertog, P., Roelandt. T. J. A. 1995. Assessing The Distribution Power of

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National Innovation Systems: Pilot Study: The Netherlands. STB/95/051 2. Carlsson, B., & Jacobsson, S. 1994. Technological Systems and Economic Policy: The Diffusion of Factory Automation in Sweden. Research Policy, Vol.23, Issue 3: 235-248 3. Furman J. L., & Stern, S. 1999.

Understanding The Drivers of National Innovative Capacity: Implications for The central European Economies.

people.bu.edu/furman/NIC%20Central%20Europe.PDF 4. Furman, J. L., Porter, E. M., & Stern, S. 2002. The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity. Research Policy, 31: 899-933 5. Furtado, A. 1996. The French System of Innovation in The Oil Industry Some Lessons About The Role of Public Policies and Sectoral Patterns of Technological Change in Innovation Networking. Research policy, 25: 1243-1259 6.

Freeman. C. 1987. The Economics of Industrial Innovation. The MIT press 7. Hofstede, G. 1983. National Cultures in Four Dimensions: A Research-Based Theory of Cultural Differences Among Nations. International Studies of Management & Organization. White Plains:

Spring/Summer . Vol. 13, Iss. 1,2; 46-75 8. Lundvall, B.?. 1992. National Systems of Innovations: Towards A Theory of Innovation and

Interactive Learning, Pinter Publishers. 9. Lundvall, B.?. 1999. National Business Systems and National Systems of Innovation. Int. Studies of Mgt.

& Org., vol. 29, no. 2:60-77 10. Meyer-Krahmer F., & Schmoch U. 1998. Science-Based Technologies: University-Industry Interactions in Four Fields. Research Policy, vol.27, 835-851 11. Nasierowski, W., & Arcelus, F. J. 1999. Interrelationships among The Elements of National Innovation Systems: A Statistical Evaluation. European Journal, 199:235-253 12. Nasierowski, W., & Arcelus, F.J. 2003. On the Efficiency of National Innovation Systems. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 37:215-234 13. Nelson, R. R.(ed.) 1993. National Innovation System: A comparative Analysis. Oxford University Press 14. Nordal, Kjell B. 2001. Country Risk, Country Risk Indices and Valuation of FDI: A Real Options Approach.

Emerging Markets Review, vol.2, 197-217 15. OECD 1997. National Innovation System. 16. OECD 2003/2. Main Science and Technology Indicators 17. Oetzel, Bettis, & Zenner. 2001. Journal of World Business, vol.36 Iss:2, 128-145 18. Peng, Mike W. & Wang, Denis Y. 2000.

Innovation Capacity and Foreign Direct Investment: Toward a Learning Option Perspective. Management International Review, 40, 1, 79-93 19.

Rothwell, R. 1981 Pointers to Government Policies for Technical Innovation. Futures, vol.13 Iss:3,171-183 20. Smith, A. ([1776], 1976). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of the Nations. Edited by the E. Cannan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 21. Van Den Bosch, Frans A.J., & Van Prooijen, Arno A. 1992, The Competitive Advantage of European Nations: The Impact of National Culture-A Missing Element in Porter’s Analysis? European Management Journal, vol.10,No2, 173-177 22. WCY, The World Competitiveness Yearbook 1999~2003. IMD, Lausanne, Switzerland

參考文獻

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