be in/have the habit of + Ving則意為「有做…的習慣」，類似的片語有make a habit of + Ving、make it a habit + to V等。

Unit 3　 1 get into the habit of 養成…的習慣

說　明 be in/have the habit of + Ving則意為「有做…的習慣」，類似的片語有 make a habit of + Ving、make it a habit + to V 等。

例　句 1. Let the children get into the habit ofkeeping early hours.

(讓孩子們養成早睡早起的習慣。)

2. Tom is in / has the habit ofdoing exercise every day.

(Tom 有每天運動的習慣。)

3. Helen makes a habit oflistening to the radio when cooking.

Helen makes it a habitto listen to the radio when cooking.

(Helen 做飯時有聽收音機的習慣。)

練　習

1. 如果你養成不注意新資訊的習慣，你就會有記憶方面的問題。

If you ___________ ___________ the ___________ ___________ not paying attention to new information, you may suffer memory problems.

2. 我習慣今日事今日畢。

I am ___________ the habit ___________ not putting off what I can do today until tomorrow.

3. 我們勸 Ben 不要有向朋友借錢的習慣。

We advised Ben not to ___________ a habit of borrowing money from his friends.

→ We advised Ben not to ___________ ___________ a habit to borrow money from his friends.

2 on the other hand 另一方面

說　明 on the other hand是副詞片語，常置於句首，用以引導與前句相互矛盾的觀點或意見。

注意 on (the) one hand 不可單獨使用，而須與 on the other hand 並用，但 on the other hand卻不一定得和 on (the) one hand 並用。

例　句 1. On (the) one hand, skiing is a fun activity. But on the other hand, it is not easy.

(一方面來說，滑雪是很好玩的活動；但另一方面來說，滑雪並不容易。) 2. Making mistakes is never good. On the other hand, it pays if we can learn from it.

(犯錯絕非好事，但反過來說，如果我們能從教訓中學習，那也值得。)

練　習

1. 另一方面，好的記憶力可能是好習慣的結果。

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________, a good memory can result from good habits.

2. 網路大規模地改善人類的生活，但反過來說，卻也導致不少社會問題。

The Internet has improved human life on a large scale; ___________ ___________

___________ ___________, it leads to many social problems as well.

3 A result from B A起因於B

說　明 相當於 B result in/lead to A，即 B 導致 A。

例　句 1. My success results from working hard.

Working hard results in/leads to my success. (我的成功是由於努力。) 2. Kathy's failure to catch the train resulted from oversleeping.

Oversleeping resulted in/led to Kathy's failure to catch the train.

(Kathy睡過頭而沒趕上火車。)

練　習

____1. A good memory can result ___________ good habits.

(A)at (B)from (C)to (D)into

____2. The terrible typhoon ___________ many thousands of deaths.

(A)led from (B)resulted from (C)resulted in (D)was the result of ____3. My father's illness ___________ overwork.

(A)led to (B)led from (C)resulted in (D)resulted from

4 that is (to say) 換言之

說　明 that is為副詞片語，用來補充前面提到的事物，相當於 in other words。

例　句

1. Every day I have to cook three meals, that is, breakfast, lunch, and dinner for my family. (每天我必須為家人煮三餐，也就是早餐，午餐和晚餐。)

2. They just got married a week ago, that is, March 14.

(他們一個禮拜前才結婚，也就是三月十四號。) 3. Our boss is broke. That is, we are out of work.

(我們老闆破產了；換言之，我們失業了。)

練　習

1. 記性好是起因於好習慣。換言之，為了改善你的記性，你必須革除壞習慣而養 成好習慣。

A good memory can result from good habits. ___________ ___________, to improve your memory, you must break your bad habits and develop good ones.

2. Tony 不停地打呵欠；換言之，他睏了。

Tony keeps yawning; ___________ ___________, he is sleepy.

3. Stella 是個素食主義者；換句話說，她不吃肉。

Stella is a vegetarian; ___________ ___________ ___________, she doesn't eat meat.

5 Gerunds (Ving)

說　明 動名詞(gerund)可當句子的主詞、主詞補語、及物動詞或介系詞的受詞，它當主詞

時須用單數形動詞。

例　句 1. Collecting stampsis my hobby. (集郵是我的嗜好。) ( 當主詞用，注意動詞用單數形 )

2. My dream is ^travelinga

_{( 當主詞補語用}

₎

3. They enjoy playing tennis when they are free. (有空時，他們喜歡打網球。) ( 當及物動詞的受詞用 )

4. Don't be afraid of

_{( 當介系詞的受詞用}

₎

練　習

1. 運用頭腦是保持頭腦敏銳的最佳方法。

___________ your mind ___________ the best way to keep it sharp.

2. 太依賴父母會使小孩難於獨立。

___________ heavily ___________ parents will make it difficult for children to stand on their own feet.

3. 我記得在某處見過這個女士。

I remember ___________ this lady somewhere before.

6 S + spend + 時間/金錢 + on + N/V ing 花費…在…

例　句 1. Tina spent two hours on the letter.

Tina spent two hours writing the letter. (Tina花兩小時寫了這封信。) 2. Tim spends all his money on the sport car.

Tim spends all his money buying the sport car.

(Tim把他所有的錢花在這台跑車上。)

練　習

____1. Watching television is an activity that most of us spend too much time ___________.

(A)for (B)on (C)in (D)to¹

____2. Judy is too busy to spend any time exercise every day.

(A)doing (B)in (C)to do (D)for doing

補　充 某人浪費時間或金錢亦可用此句型： S + waste + 時間 / 金錢 + on + N/

V ing 。

例　句 Don't waste your time on video games.

Don't waste your time playing video games.

( 別浪費你的時間在電動遊戲上。 ) 7 The more/er..., the more/er.... 愈…，愈…

1

說　明 此句型表示某事物與另一事物在數量或程度上以相同的比例增減，其基本 句型為「The + 形容詞比較級 (+ 名詞 ) /副詞比較級 + S + V, the + 形容詞比較 級 (+ 名詞 ) /副詞比較級 + S + V」。

例　句 1. The higher you go, the colder you feels. (你愈往上走，你就愈覺得冷。) 2. The more snacks Stacy eats, the more weight she gains.

(Stacy 吃愈多零食，體重就增加愈多。)

練　習

1. 你花在這些節目的時間愈多，你的心智運用就愈少。

___________ ___________ time you spend ___________ these programs, ___________ ___________ mental exercise you get.

2. 我們讀的書愈多，得到的知識就愈多。

___________ ___________ books we read, ___________ ___________

knowledge we have.

3. 我們愈健康就活得愈久。

___________ ___________ we are, ___________ ___________ we live.

8 what + S + V

說　明 what 引導的名詞子句，可當及物動詞或介系詞的受詞(見例句 1)，或者作主

要子句的主詞(見例句 2)。當 what 引導的名詞子句做主詞時，其動詞一律 用單數型。

例　句 1. John often lies; as a result, I don't believe what he said.

(John 常常說謊，因此我不相信他所說的。)

2. What David has impressed meis his courage to face the challenge.

(David 讓我印象深刻的是他面對挑戰的勇氣。)

練　習

1. 教別人你所知道的事。

Teach others ___________ you know.

2. Stella 喜歡的東西都很昂貴。

___________ Stella likes ___________ very expensive.

9 when it comes to + N/Ving 提到，談起

說　明 相似的片語有 speaking of。

例　句 1. When it comes to/Speaking of sports, I like to play tennis most.

(提到運動，我最喜歡打網球了。)

2. When it comes to/Speaking of traveling, you have to make plans in advance.

(提到旅行，你必須事先規畫。)

練　習

1. 講到記憶你所學過的事情或技巧，幾乎沒有其他方法比教授更好。

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ remembering things or skills you have learned, few things work as well as teaching.

2. 提到節日，小孩子特別偏愛耶誕節。

___________ ___________ festivals, children favor Christmas above all.

10 such as... 例如…，諸如…

說　明 N + such as...可改為 such + N + as...，意為「像…一樣的東西」。such as 相 當於 like。

例　句 1. Sandra can speak foreign languages such as/like French and German.

Sandra can speak such foreign languages as French and German.

(Sandra會說外語，像是法語和德語。)

2. Fruits such as/like oranges and apples are in season.

Such fruits as oranges and apples are in season.

(諸如橘子與蘋果之類的水果正當時令。)

練　習

____1. Playing word games, ___________ Scrabble and crossword puzzles, is another way of improving your vocabulary.

(A)as (B)which like (C)such like (D)such as

____2. Amy likes reading the poems by such poets ___________ Robert Frost and Ogden Nash.

(A)as (B)like (C)of (D)with

11 whether...or (not)... 不論是…或…

說　明 whether常與 or 連用，引導表示讓步的副詞子句：whether A or not 表示「不 管是否為 A」，whether A or B 表示「不管是 A 還是 B」。

例　句 1. Whether you like the rules or not, you have to obey them.

(不管你是否喜歡這些規則，你都得遵守。)

2. Whether it rains or shines, the game won't be cancelled.

(不管下雨或天晴，比賽是不會取消的。)

練　習

____1. ___________ you are reading, studying, or listening to a speech, write down the information you may want to look up later.

(A)If (B)Whether (C)Since (D)As if

____2. Hank wants to become an actor ___________ his father likes it or not.

(A)because (B)even if (C)if (D)whether

12 needless to say 不用說

說　明 needless to say是常置於句首的副詞片語，可改為 It goes without saying that....的句型。

例　句 1. Needless to say, we must obey the law.

It goes without saying that we must obey the law.

(不用說，我們必須守法。)

2. Needless to say, students should focus on their schoolwork.

It goes without saying that students should focus on their schoolwork.

(不用說，學生應該專心於他們的課業。)

練　習

1. 不用說，這也是很棒的心智鍛鍊。

___________ ___________ ___________, it is an excellent mental workout as well.

2. 不用說，你吃愈多就會愈胖。

___________ ___________ ___________, the more you eat, the fatter you'll become.

3. 不用說，金錢是買不到幸福的。

It ___________ ___________ ___________ that money cannot buy happiness.

U3 實力評量 I. 選　擇

____1. After Johnny moved to London, he got ___________ the habit of keeping early hours.

(A)in (B)to (C)into (D)with

____2. The workers are ___________ the habit of listening to the radio when they are working.

(A)in (B)into (C)with (D)at

____3.You have to ___________ a habit of reviewing the lessons you have learned every day.

(A)take (B)do (C)go (D)make

____4. Let's make ___________ a habit to take a walk in the park after supper.

(A)what (B)it (C)this (D)that

____5. Susan seems to spend a lot of money ___________ her clothes, but ___________, she never buys anything for her children.

(A)on; on one hand (B)buying; on the other hand (C)in; that is (D)to buy; in other words

____6. My mom has a bad memory, but ___________, we may call it a good thing because she tends to forget all the unhappy things.

(A)in other words (B)needless to say (C)it is thankful (D)on the other hand

____7. Philip is considered a coward; ___________, everyone thinks that he is a chicken.

(A)on the one hand (B)on the other hand (C)that is (D)on the contrary

____8. Reading books ___________ people get the information they need, ___________ they are young or old.

(A)help; if (B)helps; whether (C)help; whether (D)helps; if

____9. ___________ basketball with his friends made Bobby feel happy.

(A)Plays (B)Played (C)Playing (D)Play

____10. I always enjoy ___________ in the park at night.

(A)in jogging (B)jogging (C)jog (D)to jog

____11. Julie spent about two hours ___________ dinner for her family.

(A)cooked (B)cooking (C)in (D)on cooking

____12. Spending money ___________ useless things ___________ never good.

(A)on; are (B)in; is (C)with; are (D)on; is

____13. Students are asked to waste no time ___________ computer games.

(A)on (B)on playing (C)to play (D)in

____14. The more ___________ Kevin writes, the fewer mistakes he'll make.

(A)care (B)careful (C)carefully (D)with care

____15. The ___________ money Ted earns, the ___________ he becomes.

(A)more; richer (B)less; richer

(C)more; more richly (D)less; more successfully

____16. When it comes ___________ English, Jane can do it as if she were an American.

(A)to speak (B)to speaking

(C)to express herself in(D)in expressing herself in

____17. Most traffic accidents resulted ___________ careless driving.

(A)to (B)as (C)in (D)from

____18. The typhoon resulted ___________ serious losses to farmers here.

(A)on (B)to (C)from (D)in

____19. Working hard often ___________ success.

(A)result in (B)lead from (C)leads to (D)results from

____20. Ken got up very late this morning. ___________, he failed to attend the meeting on time.

(A)From then on (B)On one hand (C)For example (D)Needless to say ____21. The girl doesn't like to eat fruits ___________ tomatoes and peaches.

(A)such like (B)such as (C)as (D)which is like

____22. The trip to that mountain is not easy, ___________ on foot ___________ by car.

(A)whether; and (B)if; and (C)whether; or (D)if; or

____23. ___________, the friendlier you are, the more friends you will have.

(A)When it comes to make friends (B)To speak of making friends (C)On one hand (D)Needless to say

____24. It is hard for Jessie to believe ___________ she heard.

(A)who (B)from which (C)what (D)that

____25. ___________ goes without ___________ that God helps those who help themselves.

(A)It; saying (B)It; speaking (C)This; saying (D)What; talking

U3 實力評量 II. 翻譯填空

1.我們不知道 Ennis 何時養成吸煙的習慣。

We don't know when Ennis ___________ ___________ the habit of smoking.

2.我已習慣走路去上班。

I have made ___________ ___________ a walking to work.

→ I have made ___________ a habit ___________ ___________ to work.

3.這位高階層的警官有較多的權力，但另一方面，他的責任也比較大。

This highranking police officer has more power; ___________ ___________

___________ ___________, he has more responsibility.

4.這個工作報酬很高，但另一方面，它也很危險。

This job pays well, but ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________, it is very dangerous.

5.戰爭造成油價的變動。

The change of oil price ___________ ___________ the war.

→ The war resulted ___________ the change of oil price.

6.過多的壓力會導致一些精神疾病。

Too much pressure can ___________ ___________ some mental illnesses.

7.有時太多的金錢也會帶來許多麻煩。

Sometimes, too much money will ___________ ___________ much trouble, too.

8.Haggis 是個活字典，也就是說，他是個飽學之士。

Haggis is a walking dictionary; ___________ ___________, he is a learned man.

9.George嘴上銜著金湯匙出世；換言之，他出身富豪之家。

George was born with a silver spoon in his mouth; ___________ ___________

___________, he was born into a rich family.

10.一直仰賴別人幫忙並不是件值得驕傲的事情。

___________ ___________ others for help all the time ___________ nothing to be proud of.

11.玩電腦遊戲是 Mario 花最多時間的活動。

___________ computer games ___________ the activity that Mario spends most of his time ___________.

12.眼見為憑。

Seeing is ___________.

13.有必要花那麼多的時間和金錢在那項計劃上嗎？

Is it necessary to ___________ so much time and money ___________ that plan?

14.你愈用功，就愈容易通過期末考。

The ___________ you study, the ___________ it is for you to pass the final exam.

15.你留宿在旅館愈久，你會花愈多的錢在食宿上。

___________ ___________ you stay at the hotel, ___________ ___________

money you'll spend ___________ food and rent.

16.提到看醫生，我就忍不住擔憂起來。

___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ going to the doctor, I cannot help feeling worried.

17.談到零食，Buck 最喜歡巧克力與冰淇淋之類的甜食了。

___________ ___________ snacks, Buck likes ___________ sweets ___________

chocolate and ice cream most.

18.Joanna 正在節食。不用說，她是絕不吃一口垃圾食品的。

Joanna is going on a diet. ___________ ___________ ___________, she will in no way have a bite of the junk food.

19.我們該避免輕易地相信網路上所找到的東西，不管它是真或是假。

We should avoid ___________ ___________ we find on the Internet easily, it is true ___________ ___________.

20.不用說，知名影星備受媒體關注。但另一方面，他們卻無法完全享有像是隱 私與自由之類的基本人權。

___________ ___________ without saying that famous movie stars attract much media attention. ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________, they can't fully enjoy some basic human rights ___________ ___________ privacy and

freedom.