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技術於野生動物物種多樣性空間

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航測及遙測學刊第九卷第一期第 77-94 頁民國 93 年 3 月

Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Volume 9,No.1,March 2004,pp.77-94

應用 GIS 技術於野生動物物種多樣性空間

分布型態之研究

林金樹 I 摘要

77

森林保護與資源保育為當代森林生態系經營的主要目標,建立適當且合理使用森林資源的林地分區 體系更是達成森林資源永續經營的重要基礎。野生動物資源的分佈是規劃資源保育區時必須考量的重要 因子之一,由於複雜的森林環境之限制,調查者很難掌握存在於森林內的野生動物每一物種的個體數量,

也難以利用 Shannon 與 Simpson 等多樣性指標分析野生動物的生物多樣性及其在空間上之分佈。本研究 利用物種多樣性(speci臼 diversity)為生物多樣J性指標的量化基礎,並發展出 EPD 與 EPH 指標表現物種多 樣性,以空間統計方法繪製生物多樣性的空間分佈圖,探討嘉義地區兩棲類、爬蟲類、鳥類以及哺乳類 等脊椎類野生動物物種多樣性的空間分布型態,研究結果可供比較林區生物多樣性的空間特徵,並作為 林地分級規劃林地使用分區之參考。研究結果顯示, EPH 指標與物種多樣性的意義是一致的。

崩鍵詞:物種多樣'I宜、至多樣性製固、脊椎動物、里間統計法、地理資訊京統

1. 前言

1. 1 生物多樣性的意義與地位

在基因、細胞、個體、種、族群以及生態系等 不同層度的生物系統中,不同的或不相似的特性個 體所存在的歧異程度謂之生物歧異度((biological

diversity or biodiversity) ,也稱為生物多樣性;不同 的生物種、族群及生態系使地球的資源豐富及多樣 性,任何生物均是食物鏈上的一個重要資源,也控 制著整個食物鏈及食物網的平衡關係(周昌弘'

1995) 。廖啟政與周昌弘(2001)在生物多樣性對於生 態系統功能的影響一文指出,雖然不同的生物多樣

l 國立嘉義大學森林學系及林業暨自然資源、研究所副教授

性理論,例如多樣性-穩定性假說(diversity-stability hypothesis) 、卯釘假說(rivet hypothesis)以及冗餘種 假說(redundancy hypothesis)等,在物種對於生態系 統功能的影響力之假說中有些許的差異,但這些理 論也共同指出生態系的穩定性與生物多樣性其有 直接的關係,生物多樣性高的生態系具有較高的生 產力(Naeemand Li,1997),物種豐富度越高的生態 系抵抗干擾之能力越高 (Tilman and Downing,

1994) ;所以生物多樣性是維繫人類生存的最佳保

障,如果生物棲地被破壞造成生物資源的耗竭,生 物多榜|全消失,將會導致生態失衡及人要直是為的叫 機(周昌弘 '1995) 0 r.u. (

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94 Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 9, No.1, March 2004

Study on the Application of GIS Techniques in the Geographical Pattern of Wildlife Species Diversity

Chinsu Lin

l

ABSTRACT

Forest protection and resources conservation are the major goals of modem forest ecosystem management (FEM). In order to promote the sustainable FEM, a suitable mechanism for forestland classification and a map of wildlife resources would be the important basis for delineating the boundary of resources conservation. Unfortunately, the complicated native environment makes the surveying of all the individuals wildlife not feasible. The quantitative index of both Shannon's and Simpson's diversity are hence not available for depicting the spatially variation of wildlife biodiversity. This study applied the species diversity as the basis of biodiversity quantification and developed EPD and EPR indices for representing the wildlife's diversity. We then use the geostatistical technique to derive the spatial distribution of species diversity of the amphibians, reptilians, birds, and mammals wildlife. The geographical pattern of diversity indices of those vertebrate wildlife is also explored and the biodiversity map could then be applied for regionalizing the forestland for sustainable FEM. Results demonstrates that EPR is an identifiable index of species diversity.

Keywords: species diversity, biodiversity mapping, vertebrate wildlife, geostatistics, GIS.

1Associate Professor, 'Graduate Institute of Forestry and Natural Resources National Chiayi University

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