Discovering Computers 2011

(1)

Living in a Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2011

(2)

Objectives Overview

Discuss the special information requirements of an

enterprise-sized corporation Discuss the special

information requirements of an

enterprise-sized corporation

Identify information systems and software used in the functional units of an enterprise

Describe and list general purpose and integrated

information systems used throughout an

enterprise

Describe and list general purpose and integrated

information systems used throughout an

enterprise

Describe and list types of technologies used

throughout an enterprise

Describe and list types of technologies used

throughout an enterprise

Describe virtualization, cloud computing, and

grid computing

Describe virtualization, cloud computing, and

grid computing

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 14

See Page 719 2

for Detailed Objectives

(3)

Objectives Overview

Discuss the

computer hardware needs and solutions

for an enterprise Discuss the

computer hardware needs and solutions

for an enterprise

Discuss high availability, scalability, and interoperability

Determine why computer backup is

important and how it is accomplished

Determine why computer backup is

important and how it is accomplished

Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery

plan

Discuss the steps in a disaster recovery

plan

See Page 719 3

for Detailed Objectives

(4)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks, such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols, and network architectures

Pages 720 – 721 4 Figure 14-1

(5)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Types of enterprises include:

Page 722 5

Retail

Retail Manufacturing Manufacturing Service Service

Wholesale

Wholesale Government Government Educational Educational

Transportation

(6)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a hierarchical manner

Pages 722 – 723 6 Figure 14-2

(7)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of four categories:

Page 724 7 Figure 14-3

Exe cuti ve Ma nag

em ent Exe cuti ve Ma nag

em Middle ent Management

Middle Management

Operational Management Operational Management

Nonmanagement Employees

(8)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Enterprise information is the information gathered in the ongoing operations of an enterprise-sized organization

– Business intelligence

– Business process management – Business process automation

Pages 725 - 726 8

Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 14, Click Web Link from left

navigation,

then click Business Process Management below Chapter 14

(9)

What Is Enterprise Computing?

• Managers coordinate resources by performing four activities

Planning Planning

Organizing Organizing

Leading Leading Controlling

Controlling

(10)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information

(11)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Functional units within an enterprise might include:

Page 727 11

Enterprise Enterprise

Accounting and Finance Accounting and Finance

Human Resources

Engineering or Product Development Engineering or

Product Development

Manufacturing Manufacturing

Marketing Marketing

Sales Sales

Distribution Distribution

Customer Service Customer

Service

Information Technology Information

Technology

(12)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases with customer payments

• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and analyze

Pages 726 – 728 12 Figure 14-7

(13)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• A human resources

information system (HRIS) manages one or more

human resources functions

• Employee relationship management systems manage communication between employees and the business

navigation, then click ERM below Chapter 14

(14)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and design

• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to test product designs

Pages 728 – 729 14 Figure 14-9

(15)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Computer-aided

manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computers to control production

equipment

• Computer-integrated

manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to integrate

the many different operations of the

manufacturing process

(16)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) uses

software to help monitor and control processes

related to production

Manufacturing Resource Planning II (MRP II) is an extension of MRP and also includes software that helps in scheduling

Pages 729 - 730 16

navigation, then click MRP II below Chapter 14

(17)

Information Systems in the Enterprise A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services

A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the quality of its products or services

A marketing information system serves as a central repository for the tasks of a marketing department

Page 730 17

(18)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips traveling salespeople with the electronic tools they need to be more productive

Pages 730 – 731 18 Figure 14-12

navigation, then click SFA below Chapter 14

(19)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Distribution systems perform the following functions:

Page 731 19

Provide forecasting for inventory

control

Provide forecasting for inventory

control

Manage and track shipping of

products

Manage and track shipping of

products

Provide information and analysis on

inventory in a warehouse

Provide information and analysis on

inventory in a

warehouse

(20)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Customer interaction management (CIM)

software manages the day-to-day interactions with customers

(21)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• The information technology (IT) department makes technology decisions for the enterprise

– Whether to build or buy new information systems

– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful life

• Web site management programs collect data designed to help organizations make informed decisions regarding

their Web presence

Page 732 21

navigation, then click IT Departments below Chapter 14

(22)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• General purpose information systems generally fall into one of five categories

Page 732 22

Office Information

System Office Information

System

Transaction Processing

System Transaction

Processing System

Management Information

System

Management Information

System

Decision Support

System Decision

Support

System Expert System Expert System

(23)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

(24)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

Management Information System Decision Support System

Pages 734 – 735 24 Figures 14-15 – 14-16

(25)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

(26)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship management manages

information about customers, interactions with

customers, past purchases, and

interests

Enterprise resource planning provides centralized, integrated

software to help manage and coordinate ongoing

activities

Content management systems are

information systems that combine

databases, software, and procedures

Pages 737 - 739 26

(27)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

navigation, then click ERP below Chapter 14

(28)

Information Systems in the Enterprise

(29)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• Some technologies used in enterprises include:

Page 740 29

Portals

Portals Data

warehouses Data warehouses

Electronic data interchange

Extranets

Extranets Web services Web services Document management

systems Document management

systems

Workflow

Workflow Virtual private networks

Virtual private networks

navigation,

then click Data Centers below Chapter 14

(30)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• A portal is a collection of links, content, and services presented on a Web page that are interesting for a particular job function

Pages 740 – 741 30 Figure 14-20

(31)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze

historical and current transactions

(32)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among

computers both within and among enterprises

EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer of business data and information among

computers both within and among enterprises

An extranet is the portion of a company’s network that allows customers or suppliers of a company to access parts of an enterprise’s intranet

Page 742 32

(33)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• Web services allow businesses to create products and B2B interactions over the Internet

Pages 742 – 743 33 Figure 14-22

navigation,

then click Web Services below Chapter 14

(34)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• In a service-oriented architecture, information systems provide services to other information

systems in a well-defined manner over a network

• A document management system (DMS) allows for storage and management of a company’s

documents

– Stored in a repository

Page 743 34

(35)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• A workflow is a defined process that identifies the specific set of steps involved in completing a

particular project or business process

– Workflow application

(36)

Enterprise-Wide Technologies and Methodologies

• A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile users, vendors, and customers with a secure

connection to the company network server

Pages 744 – 745 36 Figure 14-24

(37)

Virtualization and Cloud Computing

• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling computing resources

Pages 745 - 746 37

• Provides the capability to divide a physical server logically into many virtual servers

Server

virtualization Server

virtualization

• Provides the capability to create a

single logical storage device from many physical storage devices

Storage virtualization

navigation,

then click Virtualization below Chapter 14

(38)

Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Page 746 38

Cloud computing is an Internet service that

provides computing needs to computer

users

Grid computing combines many servers and/or personal computers on a network to act

as one large computer

(39)

E-Commerce

(40)

Enterprise Hardware

• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to manage and store information and data using

devices geared for:

– Heavy use

– Maximum availability – Maximum efficiency

• RAID duplicates data and implements duplication in different ways

Pages 748 – 749 40 Figure 14-27

(41)

Enterprise Hardware

• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that provides storage to users and information systems attached to the network

Page 749 41 Figure 14-28a

(42)

Enterprise Hardware

• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed

network that provides storage to other servers to which it is attached

Pages 749 - 750 42 Figure 14-28b

navigation,

then click NAS and SAN below Chapter 14

(43)

Enterprise Hardware

• An enterprise storage system is a strategy that focuses on the

availability, protection, organization, and

backup of storage in a company

• Goal is to consolidate storage

(44)

Enterprise Hardware

• A blade server packs a complete computer server on a single card (called a blade) rather than a system unit

• The individual blades insert in a blade server chassis

navigation,

then click Blade Servers below Chapter 14

(45)

Enterprise Hardware

• A thin client is a small terminal-like computer that mostly relies on a server for data storage and

processing

• The processing for a thin client usually is done on a server

(46)

High Availability, Scalability, and Interoperability

• A high-availability system continues running and performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the

time

– May include hot-swapping and redundant components

• When a component fails, another component takes over and the system continues to function

Pages 752 – 753 46 Figure 14-32

(47)

High Availability, Scalability, and Interoperability

• Scalability is a measure of how well computer hardware, software, or an information system can grow to meet

increasing performance demands

• Interoperability is the ability for an

information system to share information with other information

systems within an enterprise

Page 753 47

(48)

Backup Procedures

(49)

Backup Procedures

• Continuous data protection provides automatic data backup whenever data is changed in an

enterprise

Pages 754 – 755 49 Figure 14-34

(50)

Backup Procedures

• A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the steps a company would take to restore computer

operations in the event of a disaster

• Contains four major components

Pages 755 - 756 50

Emergency plan

Backup plan Backup

plan

Recovery plan

Recovery

plan Test plan Test plan

navigation,

then click Disaster Recovery Plan below Chapter 14

(51)

Video: A Tour of Lucasfilm Data Center

51

CLICK TO START

(52)

Summary

Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized

organization Special computing requirements present in an enterprise-sized

organization

Various types of users within an

organization Various types of

users within an organization

Large information systems

Benefits of virtualization and

cloud computing Benefits of virtualization and

cloud computing

Requirements for enterprise hardware

Backup procedures present in a large

organization

Backup procedures present in a large

organization

Page 757 52

(53)