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不同教學方法增進學生科學本質學習成效之比較與分析

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表 三 學 生 反 思 科 學 本 質 教 學 參 照 表 科學本質的向度 判準 提供學生反思與理解科學本質之內涵 科學知識的本質 累積性 暫時性 可複製性 公開性 創造性 進行實驗或探究會逐漸累積科學知識。 探究過程所獲得的資料與證據,可能產生的異例,亦可能推翻或修正原來的假設或理論。科學知識具有可複製性。科學知識必須公開發表,並取得共識。科學知識涉及個人的猜想、想像與創造等成分。 科學探究的本質 實證性 非單一性 非固定性 理論蘊涵 非絕對客觀 必須有實證性的資料或證據才能作出結論。多元化的科學方法並非
表 六 各 組 「 了 解 科 學 本 質 量 表 」 後 測 成 績 之 多 重 事 後 比 較 表 研究樣本 人數 調整後平均數 探究明示組 科學史明示組 探究隱喻組 控制組 探究明示組 32 249.34 - - - - 科學史明示組 32 191.03 58.31*** - - - 探究隱喻組 33 180.58 68.76*** 10.45* - - 控制組 33 166.15 83.19*** 24.88*** 14.43** - * p < .05; ** p < .01; ***

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