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In this study, we compared and investigated the inflammatory effects of ketamine and GHB in microglia

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• 系統編號 RG9313-3282

• 計畫中文名稱 Ketamine 及 GHB 引起中樞小神經膠細胞發炎反應的相對活性及毒理機轉研究

• 計畫英文名稱 The Detailed Pathological Mechanisms and Relative Activities of Induction of Inflammatory Responses in Microglia by Ketamine and Ghb

• 主管機關 行政院衛生署 • 計畫編號 DOH92-NNB-1011

• 執行機構 台北醫學大學醫學研究所

• 本期期間 9201 ~ 9212

• 報告頁數 25 頁 • 使用語言 中文

• 研究人員 許準榕;王于豪 --

• 中文關鍵字 k 他命;GHB;小神經膠細胞

• 英文關鍵字 ketamine;GHB;microglia

• 中文摘要

將小神經膠細胞(5×105/ml)分別與二次水、LPS (100 ng/ml)以及各種不同濃度的 ketamine (0.5 和 1.0 mM), GHB (0.25 和 0.5 mM)在不同的時 間下(6、12 和 24 小時)分別反應,將離心後的上清液用 EIA kit 分別測定 NO、IL-1b 以及 TNF-a 的含量;由實驗結果顯示 LPS (100 ng/ml) 會明顯的促進 microglia 釋放出 NO、TNF-a 及 IL-1b,且這些反應呈現劑量及時間上的正向關係;另一方面,我們發現不論是 ketamine (0.5 and 1.0 mM)或者是 GHB (0.25 and 0.5 mM)對 microglia 釋放 NO、IL-1b 及 TNF-a 都不會造成顯著影響,即使將反應時間延長至 24 小時,

亦不會促進上述三種物質的釋放反應;另一方面,在 ex vivo 的實驗中,先將生理食鹽水、LPS (2 mg/kg)、ketamine (18 mg/kg)及 GHB (5 mg/kg) 分別打入老鼠體內,在 4 小時後取出血清,再將血清與 microglia 反應 12 小時,接著如上述測定 NO 的生合成;由本實驗結果顯示,在打 入 LPS 的老鼠其血清會明顯促進 microglia 釋放出 NO,然而在打入 ketamine 和 GHB 的老鼠中,其血清並不能明顯促進 microglia 表現 NO。

接著我們利用 Western blot 進一步分析 LPS、ketamine 以及 GHB 對 microglia 表現 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)、IL-1b 及 TNF-a 的 影響;由實驗結果顯示,LPS 會明顯的促進 microglia 表現出 iNOS、 IL-1b 及 TNF-a,但 ketamine 及 GHB 對上述三種物質則不會表現。 由 本實驗結果顯示,雖然 ketamine 和 GHB 會對人體的中樞神經系統產生強烈的迷幻作用,但它們似乎並不會引起中樞神經的 microglia 產生 發炎反應。

• 英文摘要

Recently, ketamine and GHB have been largely abused in Taiwan. They induce a very serious social problem in Taiwan. Ketamine and GHB belong to popular anesthesia in clinic. In this study, we compared and investigated the inflammatory effects of ketamine and GHB in microglia. The

activation of microglia in response to neuropathological stimuli is one of the prominent features of human neurodegenerative diseases. Cytokines

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such as IL-1?H?H?Hnand TNF-?H?H and inflammation-related enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are usually induced during the inflammatory responses of microglia. In this study, we investigated the inflammatory effects of microglia stimulated by LPS (100 ng/ml), ketamine (0.5 and 1.0 mM) and GHB (0.25 and 0.5 mM). We found that LPS (100 ng/ml) time-dependently (12 and 24 hr) induced NO, IL-1?H?

H?Hnand TNF-?H?H?Hnformations in microglia (5?H?H105/ml) as compared with the control groups (distilled water). On the other hand, preincubated microglia with ketamine and GHB for 6, 12 and 24 hr, we found that neither ketamine (0.5 and 1.0 mM) nor GHB (0.25 and 0.5 mM) significantly induced NO, IL-1?H?H?Hnand TNF-?H?H?Hnformations. Furthermore, in ex vivo experiments, LPS also stimulated markedly NO formation in microglia, however, neither ketamine nor GHB significantly increased NO formation in this reaction. In addition, LPS but not ketamine or GHB significantly induced iNOS, IL-1?H?H?Hnand TNF-?H?H expressions in microglia by Western blot experiments. In conclusion, we found that ketamine and GHB did not significantly induce an inflammatory response of microglia.

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