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Clinical Impacts of Diet and Nutrition Strategies on Vascular Inflammation

and Atherosclerosis An Update

Mike Lin

Current evidence supports a central role for vascular inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process.

A pivotal target for modulation is the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction is a key early event in atherogenesis and occurs early in populations consuming a Western diet. Circulation markers of inflammation correlate with propensity to develop ischemic events. Moreover, circulation phase reactants elicited by inflammation may not only mark increased risk for vascular events but in some cases may also contribute to their pathogenesis. Thus, decreasing the incidence of coronary heart disease with diet and nutrients is possible. The main dietary and nu- tritional strategies include reduction of saturated and trans-fats, adequate omega-3 fatty acids intake, and con- sumption of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains, together with natural anti-oxidants and mi- cronutrient supplies such as L-arginine, taurine, folic acid, lycopene, flavones, grape seed extracts and red yeast rice and wine. Each of these strategies may be associated with lower generation of vascular inflammation and increasing power of anti-oxidant activity in human being. This review examines the epidemiologic and clinical ev- idence concerning diet, nutrients, and inflammation. The whole dietary and nutritional approach seems particu- larly promising to reduce proinflammatory cytokines associated with the metabolic syndrome. Thus, the effects of diet and nutrients on coronary heart disease can be mediated through multiple biologic pathways including oxidative stress, subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and anti- thrombotic activity. Therefore, the choice of healthy source of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, together with natural anti-oxidant and micronutritional supply, associated with regular physical activity and avoidance of smoking, is critical to fighting the war against chronic vascular disease and DM micro/macro angiopathy. ( J Intern Med Taiwan 2007; 18: 301- 312 )

Deparment of Medicine, GZGH and GSH-Pingtong, GECC-Kaohsiung;

Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtong

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