˪㔁做埴㓧冯姽揹⬠↲˫ 2011 ⸜ 6 㚰炻䫔⋩ᶨ㛇炻枩 1-28
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㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐婧㞍⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨瀂⮶ˣ䞍灊䭉瀲冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬斄Ὢ炻⛐䞼䨞㕡㱽 ᶲ㍉䓐⓷⌟婧㞍㱽炻᷎䶐墥ˬ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨瀂⮶ˣ䞍灊䭉瀲冯⬠㟉㓰傥婧㞍⓷ ⌟˭炻憅⮵㟫⚺䷋ˣ㕘䪡ⶪˣ剿瀨䷋ˣ⎘ᷕⶪˣ檀晬䷋ˣ⯷㜙䷋ˣ剙濧䷋ẍ⍲⎘㜙䷋ 䫱ℓᾳ䷋ⶪ䘬 419 ỵ℔灅⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䁢婧㞍⮵尉ˤ㛔䞼䨞ἧ䓐䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷≈ẍ 槿嫱䥹㈨瀂⮶ˣ䞍灊䭉瀲冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䶂⿏斄Ὢ炻䳸㝄栗䣢℟㚱濊⤥怑惵灏冯澹澷 Ộ妰ˤ㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘⬠㟉⭄⮎㕥䥹㈨瀂⮶ẍ⇑䞍灊䭉瀲炻忚侴㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ 斄挝娆烉䥹㈨瀂⮶ˣ䞍灊䭉瀲ˣ⬠㟉㓰傥 ____________________ 点 ⻝⣽厗烉⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣∗㔁㌰ 点点 ⏛⿉Ἓ烉⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠㔁做⬠䲣䡑⢓䓇 暣⫸悝ẞ烉chang.ihua@gmail.comˣyichia1016@yahoo.com.tw 㓞ẞ㖍㛇烉2010.05.06烊ᾖ㓡㖍㛇烉2010.06.28烊㍍⍿㖍㛇烉2011.06.01Journal of Educational Administration and Evaluation June, 2011, Vol. 11, pp. 1-28
The Verification of a Structural Equation
Model on Principal Technology Leadership,
Knowledge Management, and School
Effectiveness in Elementary Schools
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I-Hua Chang
点点Yi-Chia Wu
Abstract
The study empirically investigates the relationships among principals’ technology leadership, schools’ knowledge management, and school effectiveness. The survey target population consisted of 419 teachers randomly selected from Taiwan elementary schools in eight cities. Teachers were asked to measure the effectiveness of technology leadership, knowledge management, and schools effectiveness. This study used structural equation modeling with prospective data to test for model fit. The findings indicate that principals’ technology leadership positively affects schools’ knowledge management. Furthermore, schools’ knowledge management directly affects school effectiveness. Principals’ technology leadership also positively influences their school effectiveness. The results suggest that the school should implement technology leadership to accelerate knowledge management in school operation in order to improve overall school effectiveness.
Keywords: technology leadership, knowledge management, school effectiveness
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I-Hua Chang: Associate Professor / Department of Education, National Chengchi University
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Yi-Chia Wu: Master, Ed. / National Chengchi University E-mail: chang.ihua@gmail.com; yichia1016@yahoo.com.tw
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晐叿⬠㟉ℏ悐ἧ䓐屯妲䥹㈨䘬⡆≈炻䧵㤝⺢姕冯夷∫㟉ℏ屯妲䥹㈨䘬䑘⠫ˣ⸓ ≑⬠䓇⬠佺冯➡梲列⤥䘬䥹㈨䳈梲炻ㆸ䁢⬠㟉柀⮶Ṣ屔䃉㕩屠䘬ⶍἄ烊㟉攟䘬柀 ⮶奺刚ᷳᶨ⌛䁢䥹㈨柀⮶侭炻Ṏ⌛㟉攟ㅱ娚℟⁁➢㛔䘬屯妲䥹㈨䳈梲炻ἧ⬠䓇⛐朊 ⮵屯妲㗪ẋ䘬㊹㇘ᷕ炻傥⣈䌚⼿䚠斄屯㸸䘬㓗㊩炷Scott, 2005; Wexler, 1996炸ˤ㚜慵 天䘬㗗炻㟉攟Ṏ暨忚埴䥹㈨㕡朊䘬柀⮶炻ἧ⼿㔁ⷓ⬠㟉埴㓧Ṣ⒉傥┬䓐屯妲䥹㈨炻 ẍ⡆忚㔁⬠埴㓧䘬ㆸ㓰ˤ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶奺刚䘬慵天⿏炻℞䚖䘬Ὢ⛐㕤㍸⋯㟉攟䘬 䥹㈨⮰㤕傥≃炻ẍ⚈ㅱ屯妲䣦㚫䘬Ἦ冐炷⻝⣽厗ˣ⏛⿉Ἓ炻2008炸ˤ䥹㈨柀⮶䚠斄䞼 䨞栗䣢炻㔁ⷓ⮵㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶䘬䞍奢冯㔁做䥹㈨䘬㔜⎰ᷳ攻℟㚱檀⹎䚠斄炷Rogers, 2000炸ˤ䥹㈨姕⁁冯➢䢶⺢姕⚢䃞慵天炻Ữ㫚⛐⬠㟉墉忼ㆸ㚱㓰傥䘬䥹㈨ἧ䓐炻䥹㈨柀⮶⌣Ἦ⼿㚜䁢⽭天炷Anderson & Dexter, 2005炸烊侴℟㚱䥹㈨柀⮶㈨ⶏ䘬㟉攟炻庫 傥㬋朊⼙枧㟉ℏ䘬埴㓧冯⬠佺ㆸ㓰炷⻝⣽厗炻2010炸ˤMergendoller 㚦㍸⍲屯妲䥹㈨ ⮵⬠㟉䓊䓇Ḯᶵ⎗⮷奟䘬⼙枧炻侴㟉攟ἄ䁢⬠㟉䘬曰櫪Ṣ䈑炻⛐屯妲䥹㈨圵ℍ⬠ 㟉㔁做䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻㈖㺼叿㰢⭂⿏䘬Ὣ忚奺刚炷⺽冒 Costello炻1997炸ˤ῀劍㟉攟㰺㚱 嵛⣈䘬䥹㈨䞍傥炻ᶵḮ妋⤪ỽἧ䓐䥹㈨炻ὧ䃉㱽➟埴䥹㈨柀⮶炻ẍ⍲⮯䥹㈨圵ℍ埴 㓧冯㔁⬠᷎ ↢怑䔞䘬䥹㈨㰢䫾ˤ䵄ᶲ徘炻䁢ḮὫἧ⬠㟉埴㓧Ṣ⒉ẍ⍲ⷓ䓇⛐朊 ⮵屯妲㗪ẋ䘬㊹㇘忶䦳ᷕ炻℟⁁列⤥䘬屯妲䳈梲炻暨天㟉攟忚埴㚱㓰傥䘬䥹㈨柀⮶炻 ẍⷞ柀㟉ℏ㔁借⒉冯⬠䓇┬䓐屯妲䥹㈨炻忚侴Ὣ忚⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ
Senge ㊯↢炻㛒Ἦ䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬ⓗᶨἮ㸸㗗䳬䷼㑩㚱䘬䞍嬀炻ẍ⍲䳬䷼傥⣈庫 ℞䪞䇕⮵ㇳ㑩㚱㚜⾓忇䘬傥≃炷悕忚昮嬗炻1994炸ˤ晐叿䵚晃䵚嶗䘬䘤⯽炻䞍嬀ᶵℵ Ὗ旸⛐㚠㛔ℏ炻⇑䓐屯妲䥹㈨䘬≃慷炻嬻䞍嬀䘬⍾⼿㚜䁢ὧ⇑ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬奨⾝ᷣ 天Ἦ冒㕤ẩ㤕䓴炻䴻䆇侭ⶴ㛃德忶䞍嬀䘬ℏ⊾冯⢾栗炻Ἦ㍸⋯䳬䷼㓰䌯炻侴㬌奨⾝ 㬋徸㻠⍿⇘㔁做䓴䘬慵夾ˤ⬠㟉㗗㔁Ṣ⬠佺ˣ⁛㑕䞍嬀䘬⟜炻℞㚨⣏䘬屯㸸⯙㗗 䞍嬀烊⬠㟉⭄┬䓐㬌⃒⊊屯㸸⟹忈⎰ἄˣ⬠佺ẍ⍲↮ṓ䘬㔯⊾炻ẍ㍐≽⬠㟉䞍嬀䘬 䭉䎮ˤ⬠㟉 䁢⬠佺✳䘬䳬䷼炻忳䓐䞍嬀䭉䎮Ἦ䴻䆇㟉⊁炻⸓≑⬠㟉䳬䷼ᶵ㕟⬠佺 冯⾓忇朑㕘炻ẍ⍲㔁借⒉䘬⮰㤕ㆸ攟炻㗗㛒Ἦ⽭䃞䘬嵐⊊炷⏛㶭Ⱉ炻2003炸ˤ⬠㟉⤪ ỽ➡做⬠䓇ㆸ䁢㛒Ἦ䣦㚫ᷕ䘬Ṣㇵ炻ᶼ䫎⎰䞍嬀䴻㾇䑘⠫ᶳ⻟婧䘬䞍嬀✳⒉ⶍ炻 㗗⬠㟉ṇ暨斄㲐䘬婚柴冯慵天ἧ␥ˤ䵄ᶲ徘炻䞍嬀䴻㾇㗪ẋ䘬Ἦ冐炻䞍嬀ᶵ㗗
ᶨ䧖傥≃炻㚜⎗⼊ㆸ≃慷炻⬠㟉䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮⮵㕤㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬斄Ὢῤ⼿㍊妶ˤ 幓嗽㔠ỵ䥹㈨䘬㗪ẋ炻⬠㟉㟉攟ㅱ℟⁁䘬䞍傥冯㈖㺼䘬奺刚炻怈㭼忶⍣墯暄 冯⣂⃫炻姙⣂屯妲圵ℍ㔁⬠䘬䚠斄㓧䫾冯㍒㕥炻悥暨天㟉攟䘬㓗㊩冯㍐≽炻⚈㬌㟉 攟℟⁁䘬䥹㈨柀⮶䞍傥炻⮯⼙枧⬠㟉忳䓐㕘冰䥹㈨⛐㔁⬠ᶲ䘬ㆸ㓰炻ẍ⍲⬠㟉㓰 傥䘬⯽䎦ˤ⛐檀⹎䪞䇕䘬䣦㚫ᷕ炻⬠㟉劍傥㚱㓰忚埴䞍嬀䘬嗽䎮ˣ㔜⎰冯䭉䎮炻⮯ 傥䩳㕤ᶵ㓿ᷳ⛘炻⍾⼿⃒⊊䘬⛘ỵˤ䵄ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞㫚㍊妶㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀 䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ斄Ὢ炻忚侴⻟⊾⬠㟉㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶奺刚≇傥炻ẍ⼘栗䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬 柀⮶奺刚炻᷎℟橼㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ᷎忚ᶨ㬍Ḯ妋㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㗗⏎䚜㍍⼙枧⬠㟉㓰 傥炻ẍ⍲㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㗗⏎德忶⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬ᷕṳἄ䓐炻忚侴⼙枧⇘⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ
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➢㕤ᶲ徘䘬䞼䨞≽㨇炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䚖䘬⤪ᶳ烉 炷ᶨ炸ġ↮㜸㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䎦㱩ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ġ↮㜸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䚠斄䦳⹎ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ġ㩊夾⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䶂⿏斄Ὢˤ
ຯȃМᝦଆġ
ΙȃऋሴᏲཎొᇄࣺᜰंـġ
炷ᶨ炸䥹㈨柀⮶⭂佑 晐叿㟉攟柀⮶奺刚䘬㓡嬲炻䥹㈨ㆸ䁢㟉攟⛐柀⮶ᶲ䘬慵天斄↯嬘柴炻䥹㈨柀 ⮶ㆸ䁢㕘冰䘬柀⮶嵐⊊烊⬠㟉䘬柀⮶侭⽭枰⯽䎦↢䥹㈨柀⮶䘬傥≃炻ẍ⚈ㅱ屯妲 㗪ẋ䘬嬲⊾ˤBailey炷1997炸娵䁢䥹㈨柀⮶㗗⮯䥹㈨⛐㔁做㓡嬲䘬㬟䦳ᷕ䔞ἄ㟠⽫屯 㸸炻⬠㟉柀⮶侭忳䓐⽭天䘬柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻䁢⬠㟉徥㯪㕘䧶冯㕘冰䘬䥹㈨炻⺽⮶⬠㟉朑 㕘ˤ⻝⣽厗炷2003炸㊯↢炻䥹㈨柀⮶Ὢ㊯㟉攟ㅱ䓐⽭天䘬柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻䁢⬠㟉⮳㯪㕘 䧶㕘冰䘬㔁做䥹㈨ˤ⛐⬠㟉ね⠫ᶲ炻德忶⻟侴㚱≃䘬柀⮶炻ἧ䥹㈨傥㚱㓰䘬ㅱ䓐 ⛐⬠㟉䘬㔁⬠妰䔓ᷕˤ䥹㈨柀⮶⌛㗗柀⮶侭ㅱ䓐⽭天䘬柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻ẍ⸓≑⬠㟉ㅱ䓐 䥹㈨⛐㚱䙲䘬㕡⎹ᶲˤ䵄⎰⚳ℏ⢾⮵㕤䥹㈨柀⮶䘬⭂佑炷⏛俾⦩炻2006烊⼸㻼⤪炻 2005烊⻝⣽厗炻2003烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊昛㖻㖴炻2006烊叱忋䤢炻2003烊Anderson & Dexter,2000; Aten, 1996; Bailey, 1997; Bailey, Lumley, & Dunbar, 1995; Barbara, 1999; Murphy & Gunter, 1997; Schmeltzer, 2001; Schultz, 2000; Siegel, 1995; Speed & Brown, 2001炸炻 ⤪堐 1 䣢炻㛔䞼䨞⮯䥹㈨柀⮶⭂佑⤪ᶳ烉㟉攟圵⎰㕘冰䥹㈨冯柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻ἧ℞ㅱ 䓐⛐⬠㟉婚䦳㔁⬠ᶲ炻⟹忈ⷓ䓇ᶨᾳℙṓ冯㓗㊩䘬㔁⬠䑘⠫烊㽨⊝⬠㟉㔁借⒉㊩临 ⬠佺᷎┬䓐屯妲䥹㈨忚侴㍸⋯䳈梲炻ẍ⡆忚㔁⬠冯埴㓧㓰傥ˤ 堐 1 䥹㈨柀⮶⭂佑 䞼䨞侭炷⸜ẋ炸 ⭂佑 BaileyˣLumley 冯 Dunbar炷1995炸 䥹㈨柀⮶㗗⬠㟉柀⮶侭ㅱ䓐⽭天䘬柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻ẍ⸓≑ṾᾹ䘬⬠㟉忳䓐 䥹㈨⛐㚱䙲䘬㕡⎹ᶲˤ Aten炷1996炸 䥹㈨柀⮶㗗柀⮶侭䁢㓗㊩㚱㓰䘬㔁⬠⮎嶸炻德忶ᾳṢ䘬Ṣ晃斄Ὢ㚱 㓰㔜⎰忳䓐䚖⇵䥹㈨䘬⣂䧖䞍嬀炻᷎傥枸㛇㛒Ἦ䥹㈨䘤⯽嵐⊊炻ẍ忼 ㆸ㔁做栀㘗ˤ Murphy 冯 Gunter (1997) 䥹㈨柀⮶ㅱ娚㗗柀⮶侭傥⣈䣢䭬㓗㊩暣儎䥹㈨炻ἧ⼿㔁ⷓ傥⣈㚜㚱 㓰傥䘬⮯䥹㈨圵ℍ婚䦳ᷕˤ Barbara (1999) 䥹㈨柀⮶㗗㊯㟉攟埴㓧Ṣ⒉炻䘮ㅱ䣢䭬冯⬠佺䚠斄䘬屯妲䥹㈨炻᷎ 啱䓙柀⮶⺽崟朑㕘炻ㅱ䓐䥹㈨Ἦ廱㎃ㆸ㚱㓰傥䘬㔁冯⬠䘬ね⠫ˤ Anderson 冯 Dexter (2000) 䥹㈨柀⮶㗗⬠㟉⛐䚖㧁ˣ㓧䫾枸䬿䘬㰢⭂冯埴≽ᶲ炻ἧ⼿⬠㟉傥㚜 㖻㕤㚱㓰傥䘬ἧ䓐屯妲䥹㈨ˤ ⼸㻼⤪炷2005炸 䥹㈨柀⮶㗗㊯柀⮶侭℟⁁䥹㈨䳈梲ˣ㔜⎰屯㸸䘬傥≃炻忳䓐柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻 ⋼≑㔁ⷓ冯⬠㟉埴㓧Ṣ⒉怑↯ㅱ䓐䥹㈨㕤㔁⬠⮎嶸埴㓧ἄ䁢ᶲ炻᷎ 傥⟹忈ᶨᾳℙṓˣ㓗㊩䘬⬠㟉ね⠫炻ẍὫἧ㔁⬠埴㓧䘬ㆸ㓰忼⇘㚨 ⣏⊾ˤ ⏛俾⦩炷2006炸 䥹㈨柀⮶Ὢ柀⮶侭䳸⎰㕘䧶冯㕘冰䘬䥹㈨⽭天䘬柀⮶㈨ⶏ炻㍸ὃ⃒ 岒䘬庇䠔橼姕㕥炻䆇忈㚱⇑䥹㈨ㅱ䓐䘬㔯⊾䑘⠫炻德忶䳬䷼ㆸ⒉屯妲 䥹㈨䳈梲䘬梲ㆸ冯㍸⋯炻Ὣ忚䳬䷼䘬㓰傥ˤ 昛㖻㖴炷2006炸 㽨⊝㔁做Ṣ⒉㍉⍾埴≽炻攳⥳ㆾ㊩临⬠佺䥹㈨ˣ忳䓐䥹㈨炻᷎⮯䥹㈨ 㔜⎰⇘婚䦳冯㔁⬠⮎⊁炻ẍ㍸⋯㔁⬠ㆾ⬠佺䘬ㆸ㓰炻忼ㆸ㔁做䚖㧁ˤ ⻝䙰暷炷2006炸 㟉攟⛐䵄䎮㟉⊁䘬忶䦳ᷕ幓橼≃埴䘬⮯䥹⬠䞼䨞ン⹎䘬㕡㱽炻圵ℍ柀 ⮶埴䁢䔞ᷕ炻Ὣἧ䳬䷼ㆸ⒉傥⣈忳䓐忶䦳㈨傥炻农≃⮎䎦䳬䷼䘬伶⤥ 栀㘗ˤ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䥹㈨柀⮶䚠斄䞼䨞 Aten炷1996炸㚦㍸↢⬠㟉ᷕ䥹㈨柀⮶⊭㊔ẍᶳ⚃ᾳⰌ朊烉炷1炸ℙṓ⺷柀⮶ 炷shared leadership炸烉柀⮶侭冯ㆸ⒉ℙ⎴ᶨ崟 㰢⭂䘬⎰ἄ⺷㰢䫾炷collaborative decision- making炸炻ㆾ㗗傥⣈ὅㆸ⒉傥≃䘬ᶵ⎴㍸ὃ怑⭄䘬ⶍἄẍὃ柀⮶ˤ炷2炸柵⢾墄炷extra
compensation炸烉昌Ḯㅱ屈䘬⬠㟉屔ảᷳ⢾炻⮵㕤⛐忳䓐䥹㈨㕡朊堐䎦⃒䔘䘬ㆸ⒉ㅱ 䴎Ḱ䋶岆ˤ炷3炸䥹㈨㔜⎰炷technology integration炸烉⮯䥹㈨㔜⎰忚婚䦳ᷕ炻ẍ⍲㓗㊩ ⬠㟉䘬忳ἄ㔁ⷓἧ䓐䥹㈨炻᷎ᶼḮ妋㛒Ἦ嵐⊊ˤ炷4炸Ṣ晃斄Ὢ㈨ⶏ炷interpersonal skills炸烉⬠㟉傥⣈㊩临℞Ṿ佌橼倗专炻⊭㊔⭞攟ˣ䣦佌䳬䷼㓗㊩⬠㟉䥹㈨䘤⯽⛀ 橼ˤ Bailey炷1997炸㊯↢炻埴㓧Ṣ⒉䘬䥹㈨柀⮶⎗䓙ẍᶳ⋩ᾳⰌ朊≈ẍ奨⮇烉炷1炸嬲 朑炷change炸烊炷2炸䥹㈨妰䔓炷technology planning炸烊炷3炸ΐ䎮炷ethics炸烊炷4炸㔁⬠ 冯⬠佺炷teaching and learning炸烊炷5炸⬱ℐ冯ᾅ⭮炷safety and security炸烊炷6炸婚䦳 炷curriculum炸烊炷7炸ㆸ⒉䘤⯽炷staff development炸烊炷8炸姕㕥炷infrastructure炸烊炷9炸 䥹㈨䘬㓗㊩炷technological support炸烊ẍ⍲炷10炸䥹㈨柀⮶炷technology leadership炸ˤ
Anderson 冯 Dexter炷2000炸⇯㊯↢䥹㈨柀⮶㗗ẍᶳℓᾳ㊯㧁䘬䷥烉炷1炸枸䬿
炷budget炸烊炷2炸⬠⋨㓗㊩䥹㈨炷district support for technology炸烊炷3炸墄≑慹炷grants炸烊
炷4炸㘢ㄏ屉䓊㪲㓧䫾炷intellectual property policy炸烊炷5炸㟉攟䥹㈨㖍炷principal day
devoted to technology炸烊炷6炸㟉攟ἧ䓐暣⫸悝ẞ 炷principal use of e-mal炸烊炷7炸Ṣ⒉
䘤⯽㓧䫾炷staff development policy炸烊炷8炸䥹㈨⥼⒉㚫炷technology committee炸ˤ 䵄⎰䥹㈨柀⮶䚠斄䞼䨞炷⼸㻼⤪炻2005烊⻝⣽厗ˣ唕暾炻2005烊昛㖻㖴炻2006烊
Anderson & Dexter, 2000; Aten, 1996; Bailey, 1997炸炻㑯℞Ḽ枭ℙ⎴Ⰼ朊炻Ṏ⌛↢䎦Ⰼ
朊㫉㔠㚨⣂䘬⇵Ḽ枭炻⮯㛔䞼䨞䘬㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶Ⰼ朊↮䁢Ḽ枭Ⰼ朊炻ẍ 䁢㛔䞼䨞 㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶嬲枭㝞㥳ᷳ➢䢶烉炷1炸栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮烉㟉攟ἄ䁢㚱㓰傥䘬䥹㈨柀 ⮶侭⽭枰⃰夷∫䥹㈨⤪ỽ䓊䓇⬠㟉嬲朑䘬栀㘗炻⬠㟉䥹㈨栀㘗䘬夷∫冯䘤⯽炻暨天 㟉攟Ḯ妋㕘冰䥹㈨䘬䘤⯽嵐⊊烊侴㶭㘘䘬䥹㈨栀㘗炻⮯㚱≑㕤㔁ⷓㅱ䓐䥹㈨⛐㔁 ⭌ᷕ炻忚侴㍸⋯㔁⬠㓰傥ˤ炷2炸ㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜烉㟉攟ἄ䁢⬠㟉䘬䥹㈨柀⮶侭炻℞ 㚨慵天䘬屔ả⌛⽭枰㍸ὃ㟉ℏㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜䘬㔁做屯㸸烊㬌⢾Ḯ妋㔁做柀⮶ᶲ㚨 㕘䘬嬘柴冯㧉⺷炻ḇ㗗䥹㈨柀⮶侭⛐ㆸ⒉䘤⯽ᶲ⽭枰℟⁁䘬ἄ䁢ˤ炷3炸䥹㈨冯➢㛔 姕㕥㓗㊩烉䔞㔁ⷓ借⒉Ᾱ暨天⋼≑㗪炻䥹㈨柀⮶侭暨天㍸ὃ㈨埻ᶲ䘬㓗㎜炻侴䡢 ᾅ℔⸛⍾⼿䥹㈨屯㸸䘬㨇㚫㍸ὃ怑䔞䘬䥹㈨姕⁁炻㚜㗗㟉攟ㅱ℟㚱䘬䥹㈨柀⮶㈨ ⶏˤ炷4炸姽揹冯䞼䨞烉 䁢ᶨᾳ㚱㓰傥䘬㟉攟㚫⮵㟉ℏ㔁ⷓ➟埴姽揹炻ẍ㬌ἄ䁢⺽ ⮶㔁ⷓ䘤⯽䥹㈨⮰㤕䘬ὅ㒂ˤ㟉攟⎗㟡㒂㔁ⷓ⛐㔁⬠忶䦳ᷕἧ䓐䥹㈨䘬㓰傥炻ἄ䁢 姽Ộ㔁ⷓ䷦㓰䘬㊯㧁ˤ㟉攟天傥ὅ㒂⬠䓇䘬⬠㤕ㆸ䷦屯㕁炻夷∫↢溻⊝ⷓ䓇┬䓐䥹 ㈨䘬䫾䔍炻㓡┬⬠䓇䘬⬠佺㓰傥ˤ炷5炸Ṣ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ烉℞慵天⿏檀㕤ảỽ䥹 ㈨⮰攨㈨埻炻䔞㟉ℏㆸ⒉Ᾱ⬠佺ἧ䓐㕘䥹㈨㗪炻柀⮶侭⽭枰傥⣈㍸ὃ㓗㊩炻侴列⤥ 䘬㹅忂㈨ⶏ⌛㗗䥹㈨柀⮶侭㚨慵天䘬埴䁢䈡岒ˤ㟉攟䘬㹅忂㈨ⶏ冯ᾳṢ䘬䥹㈨柀⮶ ㈨ⶏ䵲⭮䚠忋炻ᶨᾳ䛇㬋⃒岒䘬䥹㈨柀⮶侭炻㗗暨天列⤥䘬Ṣ晃冯㹅忂傥≃ẍ⍲怑
⹎䘬䥹㈨傥≃ˤ
Πȃޣᜋᆓ౩ཎొᇄࣺᜰंـġ
炷ᶨ炸䞍嬀䭉䎮⭂佑 Bennett 冯 Gabriel炷1999炸㊯↢䞍嬀䭉䎮Ὢ㊯屯妲䘬ˣ䴻槿䘬ˣ䞍嬀䘬忶䦳炻㒟 ⍾ˣ⃚⬀ˣ∝忈㚱䙲䘬䞍嬀炻ẍ㍸⋯䳬䷼䷦㓰ˤ䌳⤪⒚炷2000炸斉徘䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㵝 佑䁢ˬ屯妲忂妲䥹㈨˭≈ᶲˬ㕘䘬ⶍἄ䳬䷼˭炻℞⻟婧䘬㗗ᶨ䧖䃉⼊屯䓊䘬䭉䎮 㚱シ䘬䫾䔍ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬⮵尉㗗ˬ㘢ㄏ屯䓊˭炻䚖䘬㗗⮯ˬ晙⿏䞍嬀⢾栗⊾˭䘬忶䦳炻 ᷎⻟婧ˬ䞍嬀⽒䑘˭ˤ⎴㗪Ṏᷣ⻝䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗ˬ㔜⎰䘬屯妲䲣䴙˭炻德忶ˬ屯妲䭉䎮˭ ˬ䳬䷼⬠佺˭Ἦ㓡忚䳬䷼䞍嬀ᷳἧ䓐ˤ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2004炸娵䁢䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗ᶨ䧖䞍嬀 㓞普ˣ㔜䎮ˣ↮㜸ˣ↮ṓ∝忈䘬嗽䎮忶䦳炻ἧ⍇㚱䘬䞍嬀ᶵ㕟ᾖ㬋㊩临䓊䓇㕘 䘬䞍嬀炻侴ᶼ傥⮯冲䞍嬀≈ẍᾅ⬀䳗䧵炻ἧ℞㚱㓰䘬廱⊾䁢㚱䲣䴙ˣ⇞⹎⊾䘬䞍 嬀ˤ㬌䧖䞍嬀ᶵ㕟䓊䓇ˣ䳗䧵∝㕘䘬⽒䑘炻⎗ẍ⸓≑䳬䷼㍉⍾㚜㚱㓰䘬㰢⭂埴 ≽䫾䔍炻忚侴⡆≈䳬䷼屯䓊ˣ㒜⡆屉ẍ⍲㍸⋯䳬䷼㘢ㄏ᷎忼ㆸ䚖㧁ˤ䵄⎰⚳ℏ⢾ 㚱斄䞍嬀䭉䎮⭂佑炷䌳⤪⒚炻2000烊㛶䐒匱炻2002烊㜿㛅㝅炻2005烊⏛㶭Ⱉ炻2004烊 ⏛㭻䏛炻2001烊㕥㜙春炻2004烊⬓⽿湇炻2002烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊惕㚄⾈炻2001烊Beckmen, 1999; Bennett & Gabriel, 1999; Nijhof, 1999; Nonaka & Konno, 1998; Snowden, 1999;Wiig, 1994炸炻⤪堐 2 䣢炻㛔䞼䨞⮯䞍嬀䭉䎮⭂佑⤪ᶳ烉䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷫ⮯䳬䷼ᷕ䘬䞍 嬀ˣ䴻槿ˣ㈨埻䫱㘢ㄏ屯䓊炻⇑䓐屯妲䥹㈨䘬≃慷炻≈ẍ吸普ˣ⃚⬀ˣ㔜䎮冯↮㜸炻 忚埴䧵㤝䘬䭉䎮烊℞ᷕ㚨慵天䘬䚖䘬㗗天⮯ᾳṢ䘬ℏ晙䞍嬀⢾栗⊾炻ẍ忚埴↮ṓˤ 䭉䎮忶䦳᷎ᷕ⎴㗪ᶵ㕟⛘⮯冲䞍嬀≈ẍᾖ㬋ẍ∝忈㕘䞍嬀炻⇑䓐㔜⎰屯妲䲣䴙嬻䞍 嬀ℙṓˣ廱䦣᷎ㅱ䓐炻㚨䳪䘬䚖䘬Ὢ䁢Ὣ忚ᾳṢ冯䳬䷼䘬堐䎦炻㍸⋯䷦㓰ˣ䵕㊩⃒ ⊊᷎㯠临䘤⯽ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䞍嬀䭉䎮䚠斄䞼䨞 䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗ᶨᾳ㕘冰䘬嬘柴炻㚜㗗䭉䎮⬠䓴䘬栗⬠炻⍿⇘⚳ℏ⢾⎬䓴䚠䔞䦳⹎ 䘬慵夾炻役⸦⸜㚱姙⣂䘬䚠斄䞼䨞⤪暐⼴㗍䫵凔↢䎦炻㩊夾℞䞼䨞炻䃉ᶵ栗䣢䞍嬀 䭉䎮⛐Ṳ㖍䞍嬀䴻㾇㗪ẋ墉䘬慵天⿏ˤ䵄⎰䞍嬀䭉䎮䚠斄䞼䨞炷䌳⺢㘢炻2003烊⯌ 㙱懢炻2001烊⏛ᾖ䏳炻2006烊⏛㭻䏛炻2001烊㛶䐒匱炻2002烊㜿ὲ㜘炻2005烊㜿朄 ⿉炻2006烊⋻泣屻炻2004烊恙⽿搓炻2003烊慹䌱剅炻2002烊ᾆ⚳厗炻2003烊檀䵕昮炻 2005烊⻝≱ㆧ炻2004烊⻝㵹剔炻2003烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊⻝㥖▱炻2002烊姙㶭䤷炻2005烊
堐 2 䞍嬀䭉䎮⭂佑 䞼䨞侭炷⸜ẋ炸 ⭂ 佑 Wiig炷1994炸 䞍嬀䭉䎮Ὢ㊯㚱䲣䴙䘬⺢䩳ˣㅱ䓐冯朑㕘䳬䷼ᷕ䘬䞍嬀炻ἧ䳬䷼ᷕ䘬 㘢ㄏ屯䓊䘤㎖㚨⣏䘬㓰䙲冯⚆棳ˤ Nonaka 冯 Konno 炷1998炸 䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗䞍嬀䘬䴻䆇炻㗗䳬䷼䴻䓙䞍嬀䘬∝忈ˣℙṓˣ廱䦣冯ㅱ䓐 䘬㳩䦳炻᷎冯䞍嬀屯䓊ẍ⍲ℏ⢾䑘⠫㚱㓰Ṍ㳩⼴䘤㎖䘬㚨⣏₡ῤ烊 䊡佑⇯㗗㊯䞍嬀屯䓊䘬ℙṓˣ廱䦣冯㳣䓐䘬㳩䦳ˤ Beckmen炷1999炸 䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗㊯嬻䳬䷼ᷕ䘬䞍嬀ˣ䴻槿冯㈨埻⛐㬋⺷⊾䘬ἧ䓐⼴炻∝忈 ↢㕘䘬傥≃炻᷎㍸⋯䳬䷼䘬䷦㓰ˣ溻⊝䳬䷼ㆸ⒉∝㕘炻᷎㍸檀₡ῤˤ ⏛㭻䏛炷2001炸 䳬䷼忳䓐屯妲䥹㈨炻惵⎰䳬䷼㔯⊾䳸㥳䫱䈡⿏炻⮵䳬䷼ᷕ䘬䞍嬀忚埴 ↮ṓˣ㒜㔋冯忳䓐䘬忶䦳炻Ὣ忚䳬䷼䞍嬀ᶵ㕟∝㕘炻⡆≈䳬䷼䘬䓇䓊 ≃冯屯䓊炻啱㬌㍸⋯䳬䷼怑ㅱ⢾悐䑘⠫䘬傥≃炻⍲ᶵ㕟冒ㆹ㓡忈䘬≽ ≃ˤ ⬓⽿湇炷2002炸 ᾳṢㆾ䳬䷼⮵䞍嬀屯㛔忚埴䭉䎮炻德忶䞍嬀䘬⍾⼿ˣ䳬䷼ˣ廱㎃ˣㅱ 䓐ˣ↮ṓ冯∝㕘䫱ᶨ䲣↿㳣≽炻⎴㗪䳸⎰屯妲䥹㈨炻ἧ䞍嬀ᶵ㕟䓊䓇炻 䳗䧵冯䱦忚炻ẍ㚱㓰⡆忚䞍嬀屯䓊₡ῤ䘬⽒䑘忶䦳ˤ 㜿㛅㝅炷2005炸 䳬䷼ẍ㚱㓰䘬䫾䔍炻德忶㔜⎰䲣䴙䘬㕡⺷≈ẍ䭉䎮炻⛐怑↯䘬㗪㨇炻 忳䓐䥹㈨吸普㬋䡢䘬䞍嬀炻⁛忼䴎䳬䷼ㆸ⒉炻啱䓙䞍嬀䘬姽Ộ冯⍾⼿ˣ 㶭㞍冯⃚⬀ˣ㳩忂冯ㅱ䓐ˣ㔜⎰冯↮ṓ䫱㕡⺷炻忚侴∝忈䞍嬀㓰䙲冯 旬≈₡ῤ炻嬻䳬䷼ㆸ⒉⛐ⶍἄᷕἄ↢㚨Ἓ䘬㰢䫾炻᷎㍉⍾㚱㓰埴≽炻 ẍ㍸⋯䳬䷼䘬㓰傥冯䓇䓊≃炻䵕㊩䳬䷼䪞䇕䘬⃒⊊炻忼ㆸ䳬䷼㯠临䘤 ⯽䘬䚖㧁ˤ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ˤ 姙䑲㻼炻2005烊昛Ṗ⏃炻2005烊㚦⃫ᾉ炻2006烊湫䥨⏃炻2003烊湫䚃㥖炻2003烊娡 忼㪲炻2004烊㣲慹慷炻2003烊㣲枴⸛炻2004烊叱ἑ䛇炻2003烊⊅傥炻2001烊挦㫋 䓟炻2001烊∱㻊䘠炻2005烊Haughey, 2006; Taintor, 2008炸炻㑯℞⚃枭ℙ⎴Ⰼ朊炻Ṏ⌛ ↢䎦Ⰼ朊㫉㔠㚨⣂䘬⇵⚃枭炻⮯㛔䞼䨞䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮Ⰼ朊↮䁢ẍᶳ⚃枭烉炷1炸䞍嬀䘬 䌚⍾冯䳗䧵烉⬠㟉䳬䷼⛐冯䑘⠫Ḻ≽䘬忶䦳䔞ᷕ炻⏠㓞屯妲⼴廱⊾䁢䞍嬀炻᷎㟡㒂 ⬠㟉䳬䷼冒幓䘬䴻槿ˣ₡ῤ奨ẍ⍲ℏ悐夷䭬䫱炻≈ẍ䳬⎰⇑䓐ˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼⎗啱䓙 姙⣂㕡⺷䌚⍾暨天䘬䞍嬀炻⊭㊔⽆忶⍣䘬䴻槿ᷕ⬠佺炻䓙䳬䷼ℏ悐冒埴∝忈ㆾ㗗 ⽆℞Ṿ⢾悐䳬䷼䘬䴻槿ᷕ⍾⼿⢾Ἦ䞍嬀炻䃞⼴ᶵ㕟䘬忚埴䳗䧵ˤ炷2炸䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯 㔜⎰烉⬠㟉䳬䷼䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀㗗⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬慵天㳣≽炻䚖䘬⛐ἧ⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬䞍嬀 ⼿ẍ呬䧵䁢ˬ䳬䷼䘬姀ㅞ˭炻䔁⬀㕤䳬䷼冯℞ㆸ⒉ᷳ攻炻ẍ㕡ὧ℞Ṿㆸ⒉ˣ╖ỵ㒟⍾ 冯⍫侫ᷳ䓐ˤ军㕤⤪ỽ德忶屯妲䥹㈨冯䵚晃䵚嶗䘬≃慷炻⮯⬠㟉䞍嬀≈ẍ↮栆ˣ⼁ 㔜ˣ⃚⬀冯⺢㨼炻⇯㗗㓠斄䞍嬀傥⏎⾓忇㒜㔋↮ṓ䘬斄挝ˤ炷3炸䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ烉
⬠㟉䳬䷼ㅱ普⎰ˣ⁛㑕ˣ㒜㔋ˣ䦣廱ˣṌ㳩ᾳ⇍ㆸ⒉䘬䞍嬀炻᷎⋗普ㆸ䁢ℙ㚱䘬䞍 嬀䲣䴙ˤ䞍嬀廱䦣䘬忶䦳᷎朆朄ン䘬炻⽭枰䴻䓙ᶵ㕟䘬⬠佺㕡傥忼ㆸ炻⛐䌚⍾⃚᷎ ⬀䚠斄䞍嬀䘬⎴㗪炻⬠㟉䳬䷼⽭枰⺢䩳㹅忂㨇⇞炻ἧ䞍嬀㚱㓰䌯䘬廱䦣炻侴⼴⮯䞍 嬀忚埴⇅㬍䘬ㅱ䓐ˤ℞ᷕ䞍嬀䘬↮ṓ㗗斄挝炻斄Ὢ⇘䞍嬀䘬∝忈冯䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㓰㝄ˤ 炷4炸䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐烉∝忈冯朑㕘㗗䳬䷼傥⏎䵕㊩䪞䇕⃒⊊䘬慵天斄挝炻⚈㬌⬠ 㟉䳬䷼䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐炻㗗⛐朊冐嬲朑䘬䘤⯽忶䦳ᷕ炻朊⮵䪞䇕㊹㇘䘬⇑☐ˤ䔞 䃉㱽⍾⼿⢾Ἦ䞍嬀侴㖊㚱䞍嬀Ṏ暋ẍ⚈ㅱ䑘⠫天㯪㗪炻⬠㟉䳬䷼⯙⽭枰姕㱽㚵䔞 ⇵䞍嬀䘬⚘⠫炻冒≃∝忈㕘䞍嬀ˤ
έȃᏰਮਝཎొᇄࣺᜰंـġ
炷ᶨ炸⬠㟉㓰傥シ佑 ⬠㟉㛔幓㗗ᶨᾳ墯暄䘬檮㔋䳬䷼炻℟㚱⮰㤕⊾冯䥹Ⰼ⊾䘬ṌḺ䈡岒炻⛐徥㯪䳬 ䷼䚖㧁䘬⎴㗪炻ṵℤ℟ᾳ橼冒ᷣ䘬䨢攻ˤ䚠⮵㕤ẩ㤕䓴炻⬠㟉⛐䚖㧁䘬妪⭂ᶲ炻栗 ⼿㉥尉ˣ⺋㲃侴暋ẍ℟橼⊾慷⊾炻⚈㬌⮶农⮵㕤⬠㟉㓰傥䘬㵝佑卓堟ᶨ㗗ˤ忶⼨ ⛐妶婾㚱斄⬠㟉㓰傥㗪炻ṢᾹ䴻ⷠἧ䓐䷦㓰屔ả炷accountability炸ˣ⬠䓇ㆸ⯙炷studentachievement炸ˣ傥≃㷔槿炷competency test炸ˣ廇⬠䌯炷dropout rates炸ˣ㔁ⷓⶍἄ㺧シ
⹎炷teacher job satisfaction炸ˣ㔁借⒉⢓㯋炷faculty morale炸䫱⎵娆炷Hoy & Miskel,
2001炸炻⮶农⣏䛦⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⭂佑暋㚱ℙ嬀ˤ䵄⎰㬠䲵䚠斄⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⭂佑炷⏛㶭
Ⱉ炻2004烊⻝⣽厗炻1997烊⻝ㄞ⊛炻1996烊Hoy & Miskel, 2001; Stoll & Fink, 1992炸炻 ⤪堐 3 䣢炻㛔䞼䨞⮯⬠㟉㓰傥⭂佑⤪ᶳ烉Ὢ䁢⬠㟉柀⮶侭㚱妰∫䘬德忶䲣䴙⿏䘬 䫾䔍炻䴙㔜⬠㟉䘬屯㸸ˣ䳬䷼ẍ⍲忳ἄ炻㗗憅⮵⬠㟉⛐埴㓧忳ἄˣ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ˣ⬠䓇 ㆸ⯙ˣ䈑岒䑘⠫ˣṢ⒉䘤⯽䫱⎬㕡朊堐䎦䘬㷔慷䳸㝄ˤ 炷Ḵ炸⬠㟉㓰傥䚠斄䞼䨞 ⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䞼䨞⥳㕤 1960 ⸜ẋᷕ㛇䘬伶⚳炻军Ṳ⚃⋩⣂⸜炻℞⚳ℏ⢾䞼䨞叿 ἄ䚠䔞寸炻⚳ℏ斄㕤⬠㟉㓰傥䚠斄䘬䞼䨞晾䃞崟㬍庫㘂炷䲬崟㕤 1980 ⸜ẋᷕ㛇炸炻 Ữ⚈役⸜Ἦ⍿⇘⚳Ṣᷳ慵夾炻䞼䨞叿ἄ⛐岒冯慷㕡朊Ṏᶵ㕟⛐㍸⋯ˤ䵄⎰⬠㟉㓰傥 䚠斄䞼䨞炷ᶩỗ⻟炻2004烊䞛怈婈炻2003烊㰇䄏䓟炻2003烊㜿㛅㝅炻2005烊㕥㜙春炻 2004烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊⻝枮䘤炻2003烊昛㖻㖴炻2006烊昛㈧岊炻2004烊昛㵹厗炻2003烊 湫慹㛐炻2003烊湫㖶⒚炻2003烊惕㚄⾈炻2001烊嫅⽿㢖炻2004烊Horng, Klasik, & Loeb,
堐 3 ⬠㟉㓰傥⭂佑 䞼䨞侭炷⸜ẋ炸 ⭂ 佑 Stoll 冯 Fink炷1992炸 ⊭⏓㔁⬠柀⮶ˣ慸㶭䚖㧁ˣ↮ṓ₡ῤᾉ⾝ˣ⬠䓇㈽ℍ᷎℟㚱屔ảデˣ ⬠㟉䈑岒䑘⠫ˣ㽨⊝䧵㤝䘬⬠䓇埴䁢ˣ䇞㭵䣦⋨䘬㈽ℍ冯㓗㎜ˣ慵 夾㔁⬠冯婚䦳ˣ慵夾㔁ⷓ䘬䘤⯽ˣ㗪ⷠ䚋䜋⬠䓇䘬忚㬍䫱ˤ Hoy 冯 Miskel 炷2001炸 ⬠㟉㓰傥℟㚱ᶳ↿⚃枭䈡⿏烉炷1炸怑ㅱ≃烉⌛䁢⬠㟉㔁ⷓ⍲埴㓧Ṣ⒉ ⮵㕤㓡朑ᷳ⻰⿏冯⭡⽵≃ˤ炷2炸䓇䓊≃烉⤈➢㕤⬠䓇ᷳ㧁㸾⊾ㆸ⯙㷔 槿ㆸ䷦ˤ炷3炸ↅ倂≃烉ὅ㒂⬠㟉⎬悐攨攻ᷳ⎰ἄ䦳⹎ˤ炷4炸⬠㟉ㆸ⒉ ᷳ㈧媦冯娵⎴烉ㆸ⒉⮵⬠㟉ᷳ娵⎴䦳⹎ˤ ⻝ㄞ⊛炷1996炸 㗗⬠㟉柀⮶侭忳䓐柀⮶䘬䫾䔍炻⽆⬠㟉⢾悐䑘⠫ᷕ䌚⍾⽭天䘬屯㸸炻 ᷎䴙㔜⬠㟉䳬䷼朄ンˣ⽫ンˣ≽ンˣ䓇ン䘬Ⰼ朊炻䴻忶⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬忳 ἄ炻ẍ忼ㆸ⬠㟉䚖㧁冯㔁借⒉ⶍ䫱ᾳṢ暨㯪⍲⡆忚⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬䘤⯽ˤ ⻝⣽厗炷1997炸 ⊭㊔Ḯ埴㓧忳ἄ㓰傥ˣ㔁ⷓ㓰傥ˣẍ⍲⬠䓇㓰傥炻侴㫚忼ㆸẍᶲ㓰傥炻 暨德忶㚱妰䔓䘬㕡㱽冯㬍樇ᷳ㕥埴ˤ⬠㟉䴻䓙妰䔓⿏ˣ䚖㧁⿏ˣ䲣䴙 ⿏䘬忶䦳炻忼ㆸ檀⑩岒䘬埴㓧ˣ㔁ⷓˣ⬠䓇㓰傥ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2004炸 㗗㊯ᶨ⬠㟉⛐⎬㕡朊⛯℟㚱列⤥䘬䷦㓰炻⊭㊔⬠䓇䘬⬠㤕ㆸ⯙ˣ㟉 攟䘬柀⮶ˣ⬠㟉䘬㯋㯃ˣ⬠佺㈨ⶏ䫾䔍ˣ⬠㟉㔯⊾₡ῤ炻ẍ⍲㔁 借⒉䘤⯽䫱炻⚈侴傥⣈忼ㆸ⬠㟉枸⭂䘬䚖㧁ˤ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮ˤ Ⰼ朊↮䁢ẍᶳ⚃枭烉炷1炸埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶烉⬠㟉埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶㗗ᶨ䧖埴䁢炻⌛⬠㟉埴 㓧ᷣ䭉Ṣ⒉傥㊯⺽⬠㟉䘬䚖㧁㕡⎹᷎⥍┬妪⭂妰䔓炻℞⎴㗪栗䎦⛐䳬䷼㯋㯃ˣ㹅忂 ⋼婧ˣ埴㓧㓗㎜ẍ⍲⬠佺䑘⠫䘬䆇忈ᶲˤ炷2炸㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥烉㔁ⷓ⛐忚埴㔁⬠㗪炻 傥ὅ㒂⬠䓇䘬暨㯪炻䞼䘤⎰⭄䘬婚䦳冯㔁㛸炻┬䓐⨺橼姕⁁᷎㳣䓐㔁⬠㈨ⶏ炻㍉⍾ 怑䔞䘬姽慷㕡㱽冯⣂⃫⊾䘬ἄ㤕炻⏰䎦↢㔁ⷓ䘬⮰㤕䳈梲ˤ炷3炸⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦烉⬠ 䓇⛐⬠㟉⬱㌺⬠佺婚䦳ᶲ䘬⍫冯炻⊭㊔嬨⮓䬿䫱➢㛔䞍傥ˣ橼做㳣≽ẍ⍲⎬枭ㇵ喅 堐䎦䫱炻傥⯽䎦⣂⃫䘬㘢ㄏ炻᷎怑⿏䘤⯽炻⛐埴䁢堐䎦ᶲ傥⬰䦑⸷ˤ炷4炸䣦⋨⭞攟 ⍫冯烉⬠㟉冯䣦⋨⭮↯䳸⎰Ḻ≽炻䵕专列⤥Ḻ≽斄Ὢ炻堐䎦⛐⭞攟䘬娵⎴ˣ㓗㊩ˣ ⍫冯㺧シデ炻᷎䴎ḰṢ≃ˣ䈑≃ˣ冯䴻屣ᶲ䘬㓗㊩ˤ
ѲȃऋሴᏲȃޣᜋᆓ౩ᇄᏰਮਝϞࣺᜰंـġ
炷ᶨ炸䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢ 昛㖻㖴炷2006炸⛐℞˪⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞˫ᷕ䘤䎦烉⎘⊿ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶炻⎗德忶℠✳⚈䳈㚱㓰侴㬋⎹䘬⼙枧㔁⬠㓰 傥炻栗䣢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶グἛ⇯⬠㟉㓰傥グ檀ˤ⻝⣽厗冯哉䐆ΐ炷2010炸⛐℞˪⚳㮹 ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞˫ᷕ䘤䎦烉㟫⚺䷋℔䩳⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨ 柀⮶冯㔜橼⬠㟉㓰傥℟㚱栗叿䚠斄ˤ⻝⣽厗冯⻝㓷䪈炷2010炸⛐℞˪⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟 䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞˫ᷕ䘤䎦烉冢⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰 傥ᷳ攻℟栗叿㬋䚠斄烊冢⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶傥㬋⎹⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥ˤChangˣ Wu 冯 Hsu炷2009炸⛐˪䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞˫ᷕ䘤䎦炻䥹㈨ 柀⮶冯䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ攻㚱栗叿䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢˤ䵄ᶲ徘⎗䞍炻㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶㚱≑㕤㍸ ⋯⬠㟉㔜橼䘬㓰傥炻ᶼ⬠㟉埴㓧Ṣ⒉䘬䥹㈨䳈梲グ檀炻⇯⬠㟉㓰傥Ṏグ檀炻栗䣢屯 妲䳈梲䘬䞍傥㚱≑㕤㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬堐䎦ˤ㟉攟⛐⬠㟉ℏ忚埴䥹㈨柀⮶炻⎗㽨⊝㔁 做Ṣ⒉攳⥳ㆾ㊩临⬠佺ˣ忳䓐䥹㈨炻᷎⮯䥹㈨㔜⎰军婚䦳冯㔁⬠⮎⊁ᶲ炻忚侴㍸⋯ 㔁ⷓ㔁⬠冯⬠䓇⬠佺䘬ㆸ㓰炻ẍ忼ㆸ㔁做䚖㧁ˤ⚈㬌炻㟉攟劍傥⥍┬䘤㎖䥹㈨柀⮶ 䘬≇㓰炻⮯⮵㕤⬠㟉㓰傥㚱䚠䔞㬋朊䘬≑䙲ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢ Stevenson炷2000炸⌛㊯↢䞍嬀䭉䎮⮵㕤㧁䪧⬠佺䘬忚㬍ˣ㊩临⑩岒㓡忚䷦㓰 姽慷䘬≑䙲ˤ⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⡆忚㗗㯠䃉㬊⠫䘬炻⯌℞㗗埴㓧㓰傥㔁⬠㓰傥䘬㍸⋯炻 㚜暨天ῇ≑屯妲䥹㈨䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬⋼≑炻侴䁢Ḯ徥㯪埴㓧㔁⬠䘬⋻崲⊾炻⬠㟉䳬 ䷼ᷕ䘬㔁借Ṣ⒉暨天ᶵ㕟䘬⬠佺㕘䘬䞍嬀炻᷎㚱䲣䴙䘬忚埴䭉䎮ˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼ἄ䁢䞍 嬀⁛㑕冯∝忈䘬⟜炻㛔幓⌛℟㚱㍐≽䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㡅ẞ炷⏛㶭Ⱉ炻2001炸炻㗗⡆忚⬠ 㟉㓰傥䘬⎗埴徼⼹炻㬌⢾⮯㚜傥䘤㎖䃉⼊䞍嬀䘬₡ῤ炻➡梲℟㗪ẋ䪞䇕≃䘬⬠䓇ˤ 斄㕤䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䚠斄⮎嫱䞼䨞炷䞛怈婈炻2003烊㰇䄏䓟炻2003烊㜿慹䤷炻 2003烊㜿㛅㝅炻2005烊㳒㜙⬷炻2008烊㕥㜙春炻2004烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊昛㈧岊炻2004烊 昛㵹厗炻2003烊湫慹㛐炻2003烊湫⺢䘻炻2007烊惕剛㝅炻2009烊嫅⁛ⲯ炻2002炸䳸 㝄栗䣢炻⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䡢⮎㚱≑㕤⬠㟉㓰傥䘬㍸⋯ˤ䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻䞍嬀䭉䎮㗗㍸⋯ ⬠㟉㓰傥䘬斄挝≃慷炻⯌℞䔞⬠㟉㬋嗽⛐䞍嬀䴻㾇冯䣦㚫⾓忇嬲怟䘬㗪ẋ側㘗ᷳ ᶳ炻㚜暨天忳䓐䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬䫾䔍炻Ἦ⡆⻟⬠㟉䘬䪞䇕≃ˤ㬋⤪䌳⤪⒚炷2000炸妨炻 ⬠㟉㛔幓⽭枰ᶵ㕟冒ㆹ⾓忇婧怑炻ㇵ傥㚵䞍嬀䴻㾇ⷞἮ䘬㊹㇘ˤ德忶㚱㓰䘬䞍 嬀䭉䎮炻⮯傥⣈⸓≑⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬忳ἄ⾓忇朑㕘炻᷎Ὣㆸ⬠㟉㔁借⒉䓇ᶵ㕟䘬⬠佺冯 ⮰㤕ㆸ攟ˤ 炷ᶱ炸㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢ ⻝䙰暷炷2006炸⛐℞˪⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼
䨞˫ᷕ䘤䎦炻⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮⍲⬠㟉㓰傥ᶱ侭䚠Ḻ斄倗烊⚳ 㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮炻⮵⬠㟉㓰傥℟㚱䚜㍍䘬⼙枧烊⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟 䥹㈨柀⮶炻⮵⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥℟㚱䚜㍍⼙枧㓰㝄ˤ
Ϥȃҏंـ೩Ԓġ
䵄⎰⇵徘㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᶱ侭攻斄Ὢ䘬妶婾炷䞛怈婈炻 2003烊㰇䄏䓟炻2003烊㜿慹䤷炻2003烊㜿㛅㝅炻2005烊㳒㜙⬷炻2008烊㕥㜙春炻2004烊 ⻝⣽厗ˣ⻝㓷䪈炻2010烊⻝⣽厗ˣ哉䐆ΐ炻2010烊⻝䙰暷炻2006烊昛㖻㖴炻2006烊 昛㈧岊炻2004烊昛㵹厗炻2003烊湫慹㛐炻2003烊湫⺢䘻炻2007烊惕剛㝅炻2009烊嫅 ⁛ⲯ炻2002炸炻⚾ 1 ⏰䎦㛔䞼䨞⛐㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᶱ侭ᷳ攻䘬` 姕㧉⺷炻ẍ 䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞㝞㥳➢䢶ˤ⚾ 1 㖐⛐婒㖶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⮯㬋 ⎹䘬⼙枧⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬䘤⯽炻⬠㟉䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮Ṏ䚜㍍⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥炻侴㟉攟䘬䥹 ㈨柀⮶ḇ⮯㬋朊⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥ˤġ
⚾ 1 㛔䞼䨞`姕㧉⺷!ȃंـ೩ॎᇄᄂࢊġ
Ιȃंـኺҏ
炷ᶨ炸枸娎⮵尉 㛔䞼䨞ὅ㒂埴㓧昊䴻㾇⺢姕⥼⒉㚫炷2008炸ᷳ˪悥ⶪ⍲⋨➇䘤⯽䴙妰⼁䶐˫⮵ ⎘䀋㛔Ⲟ⛘⋨∫↮ᷳ⚃ᾳ炷⊿ˣᷕˣ⋿ˣ㜙炸⋨➇炻⊿悐⋨➇⊭㊔⎘⊿ⶪˣ➢昮 ⶪˣ㕘䪡ⶪˣ⎘⊿䷋ˣ㟫⚺䷋ˣ㕘䪡䷋⍲⭄嗕䷋烊ᷕ悐⋨➇⊭㊔⎘ᷕⶪˣ剿㞿䷋ˣ ⎘ᷕ䷋ˣ⼘⊾䷋ˣ⋿㈽䷋⍲暚㜿䷋烊⋿悐⋨➇⊭㊔檀晬ⶪˣ⎘⋿ⶪˣ▱佑ⶪˣ▱佑 ䷋ˣ⎘⋿䷋ˣ檀晬䷋ˣ⯷㜙䷋⍲㼶㷾䷋烊㜙悐⋨➇⊭㊔剙咖䷋⍲⎘㜙䷋ˤ㛔䞼䨞ẍ ↮Ⰼ晐㨇⍾㧋㕡⺷炻⮯⎘䀋↮䁢ᶲ徘⚃ᾳ⋨➇炻ℵ↮⇍䓙⎬⋨ᷕ晐㨇㉥⍾↢ℑ䷋ⶪ炻 ἄ䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⛘⋨炻⊿悐⛘⋨䁢烉㕘䪡ⶪ⍲㟫⚺䷋烊ᷕ悐⛘⋨䁢烉⎘ᷕⶪ⍲剿 㞿䷋烊⋿悐⛘⋨䁢烉檀晬ⶪ⍲⯷㜙䷋烊㜙悐⛘⋨䁢烉剙咖䷋⍲⎘㜙䷋炻ℙℓ䷋ⶪ䁢 㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⛘⋨ˤ侴䞼䨞⮵尉⇯ẍᶲ徘ℓ䷋ⶪᷳ℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠䎦借㬋⺷㔁ⷓ䁢婧 㞍⮵尉炻⊭㊔㔁ⷓℤ埴㓧ˣ屯妲䳬攟ˣ䳂ả⮶ⷓˣ䥹ả㔁ⷓ䫱䁢⓷⌟䞼䨞⮵尉ˤ䁢 㯪䶐墥℟㚱列⤥ᾉ⹎冯㓰⹎ᷳ⓷⌟炻䓙ᶲ徘ℓ䷋ⶪᷕ晐㨇⎬㉥⍾ℑ⬠㟉炻ℙ 16 ℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠炻忚埴枸娎ˤ㭷⬠㟉䘤↢ 10 ấ⓷⌟炻ℙ妰 160 ấ枸娎⓷⌟炻㈋昌䃉 㓰⓷⌟⼴炻ℙ⚆㓞 110 ấ炻⚆㓞䌯䁢 68.75炴ˤ 炷Ḵ炸㬋⺷㕥㷔 㛔䞼䨞㉥㧋ᷳℓ䷋ⶪℙ㚱 845 ℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠炻㛔䞼䨞㍉↮Ⰼ晐㨇㉥㧋㕡⺷忚 埴炻᷎㟡㒂 Sudman ᷳ⺢嬘炻⛘⋨⿏䘬䞼䨞⸛⛯㧋㛔Ṣ㔠䲬⛐ 500 Ṣ军 1,000 Ṣᷳ攻 炷⺽冒⏛㖶㶭炻2004炸ˤ㛔䞼䨞㊱㭼ἳ⛐ᶲ徘 845 ℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠ᷕ炻⛐㟫⚺䷋㉥⍾ 13 ˣ㕘䪡ⶪ㉥⍾ 2 ˣ剿㞿䷋㉥⍾ 8 ˣ⎘ᷕⶪ㉥⍾ 5 ˣ檀晬ⶪ㉥⍾ 6 ˣ⯷ 㜙䷋㉥⍾ 12 ˣ剙咖䷋㉥⍾ 7 ˣ⎘㜙䷋㉥⍾ 7 炻ℙ妰㉥⍾ 60 ⬠㟉炻㭷⬠ 㟉䘤↢ 10 ấ⓷⌟炻ℙ䘤↢ 600 ấˤ㛔䞼䨞㧋㛔Ṣ㔠ℙ妰 600 Ṣ炻㈋昌䃉㓰⓷⌟ℙ⚆ 㓞 419 ấ炻⚆㓞䌯 69.8炴炻⤪堐 4 䣢ˤ堐 4 ㉥㧋㟉㔠冯Ṣ㔠ᶨ奥堐 ⋨➇ ䷋ⶪ 㟉㔠 ⌈㭼ἳ ⍾㧋㟉㔠 ⍾㧋Ṣ㔠 ⊿⋨ 㕘䪡ⶪ 29 3% 2 20 㟫⚺䷋ 186 22% 13 130 ᷕ⋨ ⎘ᷕⶪ 61 8% 5 50 剿㞿䷋ 120 14% 8 80 ⋿⋨ 檀晬ⶪ 87 10% 6 60 ⯷㜙䷋ 166 20% 12 120 㜙⋨ 剙咖䷋ 105 12% 7 70 ⎘㜙䷋ 91 11% 7 70 ䷥妰 845 100% 60 600 姣烉㬋⺷㕥㷔㧋㛔 600 ấ炻㈋昌䃉㓰⓷⌟ℙ⚆㓞 419 ấ炻㚱㓰⚆㓞䌯 69.8%
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炷ᶨ炸䶐墥⓷⌟ 㛔婧㞍⓷⌟↮䁢⚃ᾳ悐↮烉䫔ᶨ悐ấ㗗➢㛔屯㕁 7 柴炻⊭㊔Ṣ⎋嬲枭烉⿏⇍ˣ ⸜漉ˣ⬠㬟ˣ⸜屯ˣ借⊁烊䑘⠫嬲枭烉⬠㟉夷㧉炷䎕䳂㔠炸ˣ⬠㟉㬟⎚炷㟉⎚⸜㔠炸ˤ 䫔Ḵ悐↮㗗ˬ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶慷堐˭炻Ὢ㓡䶐冒⻝⣽厗ˣ唕暾炷2005炸ᷳˬ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉 攟䥹㈨柀⮶婧㞍⓷⌟˭ˤ娚⓷⌟ℏ⭡⊭⏓Ḽ⣏Ⰼ朊烉ˬ栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮˭ˣˬㆸ⒉䘤 ⯽冯妻䶜˭ˣˬ䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩˭ˣˬ姽揹冯䞼䨞˭ˣẍ⍲ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭炻 ℙ妰㚱 32 柴ˤ⎬Ⰼ朊↮慷堐䘬 Cronbach’s Ὢ㔠↮⇍䁢.954ˣ.945ˣ.945ˣ.955ˣ.966ˤ 䫔ᶱ悐↮㗗ˬ䞍嬀䭉䎮慷堐˭炻Ὢ㓡䶐冒䞛怈婈炷2003炸ˣ㰇䄏䓟炷2003炸ˣ㜿㛅 㝅炷2005炸ˣ昛㵹厗炷2003炸䘬⓷⌟炻慷堐⊭⏓⚃枭Ⰼ朊烉ˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭ˣˬ䞍 嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰˭ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ˭ẍ⍲ˬ䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭炻ℙ妰㚱 20 柴ˤ 䫔⚃悐↮㗗ˬ⬠㟉㓰傥慷堐˭炻Ὢ㓡䶐冒ᶩỗ⻟炷2004炸ˣ㜿慹䤷炷2003炸ˣ⻝䙰暷 炷2006炸炻⊭⏓⚃枭Ⰼ朊烉ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭ˣˬ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥˭ˣˬ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦˭ˣˬ䣦 ⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭炻ℙ妰㚱 20 柴ˤ 炷Ḵ炸妰↮㕡⺷ 㛔⓷⌟ᷳ慷堐㍉䓐 Likert Ḽ溆慷堐㕡⺷ἄ䫼冯妰↮炻⛯䁢㬋⎹㍷徘柴炻ẍˬ朆 ⷠ䫎⎰˭ˣˬ⣏农䫎⎰˭ˣˬ㚱溆䫎⎰˭ˣˬ⣏农ᶵ䫎⎰˭ˣˬ朆ⷠᶵ䫎⎰˭Ḽᾳ怠枭炻↮ ⇍妰 5ˣ4ˣ3ˣ2ˣ1 ↮炻≈䷥⼴⌛䁢㔁ⷓ憅⮵㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮ẍ⍲⬠㟉㓰傥ᶲ䘬䞍奢ˤ⼿↮グ檀堐䣢⍿娎侭ᷳ䞍奢グ㬋⎹烊⍵ᷳ炻⼿↮崲Ỷ堐䣢堐䣢⍿娎侭 ᷳ䞍奢グ屈⎹ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ᾉ⹎↮㜸 䞼䨞侭憅⮵ˬ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥婧㞍⓷⌟˭忚埴ᾉ ⹎↮㜸炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ慷堐㍉䓐ℏ悐ᶨ农⿏ᾉ⹎↮㜸炻䘤䎦䷥慷堐䘬 Cronbach’s Ὢ㔠 䁢.982炻侴ᶱᾳ↮慷堐ᷳ㔜橼Ὢ㔠⛯忼⇘.947 ẍᶲ炻ᶼ⎬↮慷堐䘬 Ὢ㔠Ṏ⛯忼⇘.824 ẍᶲ炻栗䣢㛔⓷⌟ᷳᾉ⹎列⤥ˤ 炷⚃炸㓰⹎↮㜸 ˬ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶慷堐˭悐↮Ὢ䚜㍍ἧ䓐⻝⣽厗炷2005炸䶐墥ᷳ慷堐炻娚慷堐 䴻䓙ᷣㆸ↮↮㜸㱽炻㉥暊↢Ḽᾳ⚈䳈炻⎗妋慳 77.03%䘬嬲䔘慷ˤ㛔䞼䨞䴻䓙枸娎↮ 㜸炻⮯ˬ䞍嬀䭉䎮慷堐˭㉥⍾↢ 4 ᾳ⚈䳈炻䳗䧵妋慳慷䁢 71.30%烊ˬ⬠㟉㓰傥慷堐˭ 悐↮炻⇯㉥⍾↢ 4 ᾳ⚈䳈炻䳗䧵妋慳慷䁢 75.30炴ˤ 炷Ḽ炸屯㕁↮㜸 㛔䞼䨞⛐⚆㓞婧㞍⓷⌟⼴炻忚埴屯㕁嗽䎮冯⺢㨼炻⇒昌⠓䫼ᶵ⬴ℐ䘬ℏ⭡炻忳 䓐 SPSS 14.0 for Windows ẍ⍲ LISREL 8.80 庇橼炻忚埴屯㕁䘬䴙妰↮㜸嗽䎮ˤ㛔䞼 䨞ἧ䓐䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷炷structural equational modeling, SEM炸ẍ㩊夾㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍 嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬䶂⿏斄Ὢˤ
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ΙȃҕωᏰਮߝऋሴᏲϞᐌᡝᇄӨቹ७౪ݷϷݙġ
⤪堐 5 䣢炻⯙㔜橼侴妨炻㕘䪡ⶪˣ㟫⚺䷋ˣ⎘ᷕⶪˣ剿㞿䷋ˣ檀晬ⶪˣ⯷㜙 ䷋ˣ剙咖䷋⍲⎘㜙䷋䫱ℓ䷋ⶪ䘬⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ᷳ㔜橼⼿↮炻⸛⛯ 㔠䁢 3.73炻㧁㸾ⶖ䁢 0.67炻⯂Ⱄ列⤥䘬䦳⹎ˤ⯙⎬Ⰼ朊侴妨炻⸛⛯㔠檀㕤㔜橼ˬ㟉 攟䥹㈨柀⮶˭炷M=3.73炸䘬Ⰼ朊⊭㊔ˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭ˣˬ䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩˭ˣˬ栀 㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮˭烊侴Ỷ㕤㔜橼ˬ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶˭䘬Ⰼ朊炻⇯䁢ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ ⶏ˭ˣˬ姽揹冯䞼䨞˭ˤ⎬Ⰼ朊䘬㧁㸾ⶖṳ㕤 0.70~0.80炻⸛⛯㔠ṳ㕤 3.47~3.86ˤ堐 5 ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ᷳ㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊䎦㱩↮㜸㐀天 Ⰼ 朊 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ ㌺⸷ 栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮 3.78 0.70 3 ㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜 3.86 0.72 1 䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩ 3.85 0.71 2 姽揹冯䞼䨞 3.47 0.78 5 Ṣ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ 3.68 0.80 4 㔜橼 3.73 0.67
ΠȃҕωᏰޣᜋᆓ౩ϞᐌᡝᇄӨቹ७౪ݷϷݙġ
⤪堐 6 䣢炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⛘⋨䘬⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ㔜橼⼿↮炻⸛ ⛯㔠䁢 3.89炻㧁㸾ⶖ䁢 0.61炻⯂Ⱄ列⤥䦳⹎ˤ⯙⎬Ⰼ朊侴妨炻⸛⛯㔠檀㕤㔜橼ˬ⬠ 㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮˭炷M=3.89炸䘬Ⰼ朊⊭㊔ˬ䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭炷M=3.94炸ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾ 冯䳗䧵˭炷M=3.92炸ẍ⍲ˬ䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰˭炷M=3.90炸烊侴Ỷ㕤㔜橼ˬ⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉 䎮˭䘬Ⰼ朊炻⇯䁢ˬ䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ˭炷M=3.80炸ˤ⎬Ⰼ朊䘬㧁㸾ⶖṳ㕤 0.63~0.69炻 ⸛⛯㔠ṳ㕤 3.80~3.94ˤ 堐 6 ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊䎦㱩↮㜸㐀天 Ⰼ朊 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ ㌺⸷ 䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵 3.92 0.63 2 䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰ 3.90 0.68 3 䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ 3.80 0.69 4 䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐 3.94 0.69 1 㔜橼 3.89 0.61 ġέȃҕωᏰᏰਮਝϞᐌᡝᇄӨቹ७౪ݷϷݙġ
⤪堐 7 䣢炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⛘⋨䘬⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍奢⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ㔜橼⼿↮炻⸛ ⛯㔠䁢 3.88炻㧁㸾ⶖ䁢 0.57炻⯂Ⱄ列⤥䦳⹎ˤ⯙⎬Ⰼ朊侴妨炻⸛⛯㔠檀㕤㔜橼ˬ⬠ 㟉㓰傥˭炷M=3.88炸䘬Ⰼ朊⊭㊔ˬ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥˭炷M=3.97炸ˣˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭ 炷M=3.93炸烊侴Ỷ㕤㔜橼ˬ⬠㟉㓰傥˭䘬Ⰼ朊炻⇯䁢ˬ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦˭炷M=3.83炸ˣˬ埴 㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭炷M=3.80炸ˤ⎬Ⰼ朊䘬㧁㸾ⶖṳ㕤 0.53~0.81炻⸛⛯㔠ṳ㕤 3.80~3.97ˤ 堐 7 ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ㔜橼冯⎬Ⰼ朊䎦㱩↮㜸㐀天 Ⰼ朊 ⸛⛯㔠 㧁㸾ⶖ ㌺⸷ 埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶ 3.80 0.81 4 㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥 3.97 0.53 1 ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦 3.83 0.63 3 䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯 3.93 0.67 2 㔜橼 3.88 0.57
ѲȃҕωᏰਮߝऋሴᏲᇄޣᜋᆓ౩ϞࣺᜰϷݙġ
⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ攻䘬㔜橼䚠斄ね⼊䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻㔜 橼䚠斄Ὢ㔠 r ῤ䁢.758炷p烋.01炸炻ᶼ忼栗叿檀䚠斄炻栗䣢⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶ 冯⬠㟉䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮㚱⭮↯䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢˤ⯙⎬Ⰼ朊侴妨炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠ 㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮攻⎬Ⰼ朊䘬䚠斄ね⼊炻䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻⤪堐 8 䣢ˤ 堐 8 ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ⎬Ⰼ朊 Pearson 䧵ⶖ䚠斄 䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾ 冯䳗䧵 䞍嬀䘬⃚ ⬀冯㔜⎰ 䞍嬀䘬廱䦣 冯↮ṓ 䞍嬀䘬∝㕘 冯ㅱ䓐 㔜橼 栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮 .634** .593** .620** .652** .686** ㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜 .659** .623** .631** .668** .709** 䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩ .635** .625** .606** .654** .692** 姽揹冯䞼䨞 .591** .579** .583** .640** .657** Ṣ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ .636** .610** .609** .667** .693** 㔜 橼 .696** .669** .673** .725** .758** ** p<.01.㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊冯䞍嬀䭉䎮⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䚠斄Ὢ㔠 r ῤ⛯忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炻ᶼˬㆸ ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭冯ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭ℑⰌ朊䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㔜橼Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏㚨 檀炻栗䣢ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭冯ˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭グἛ炻⇯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬 ㍐≽グ⤥ˤ侴ˬ䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭ˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭ℑⰌ朊㟉攟䥹㈨柀 ⮶䘬㔜橼Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏㚨檀炻ẍᶲ栗䣢㟉攟忚埴䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㍐≽䞍嬀䭉䎮㚱⭮↯ 斄Ὢˤ
ϤȃҕωᏰਮߝऋሴᏲᇄᏰਮਝϞࣺᜰϷݙġ
⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥攻䘬㔜橼䚠斄ね⼊䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻㔜橼䚠斄 Ὢ㔠 r ῤ䁢.769炷p烋.01炸炻ᶼ忼栗叿檀䚠斄炻栗䣢⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉 䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮㚱⭮↯䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢˤ⯙⎬Ⰼ朊侴妨炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥 攻⎬Ⰼ朊䘬䚠斄ね⼊炻䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻⤪堐 9 䣢ˤ 堐 9 ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ⎬Ⰼ朊 Pearson 䧵ⶖ䚠斄 埴㓧䭉䎮柀 ⮶ 㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ 㓰傥 ⬠䓇⬠佺堐 䎦 䣦⋨⭞攟⍫ 冯 㔜橼 栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮 .699** .557** .550** .615** .703** ㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜 .684** .573** .557** .655** .715** 䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩ .714** .547** .507** .608** .692** 姽揹冯䞼䨞 .649** .517** .532** .573** .659** Ṣ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ .761** .559** .532** .599** .716** 㔜橼 .775** .607** .591** .673** .769** ** p<.01. 㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠㟉㓰傥⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䚠斄Ὢ㔠 r ῤ⛯忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炻ᶼˬṢ 晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭冯ˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭ℑⰌ朊⬠㟉㓰傥䘬㔜橼Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏㚨 檀炻栗䣢ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭冯ˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭グἛ炻⇯⬠㟉⬠㟉㓰傥䘬 ⯽䎦グ⤥ˤ侴ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭ˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭ℑⰌ朊㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶䘬㔜橼 Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏㚨檀炻ẍᶲ栗䣢㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⯽䎦㚱⭮↯斄ὪˤϲȃҕωᏰޣᜋᆓ౩ᇄᏰਮਝϞࣺᜰϷݙġ
⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥攻䘬㔜橼䚠斄ね⼊䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻㔜橼䚠斄 Ὢ㔠 r ῤ䁢.834炷p烋.01炸炻ᶼ忼栗叿⼰檀䚠斄炻栗䣢⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㍐≽ 冯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⯽䎦㚱⭮↯䘬㬋⎹斄Ὢˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮攻⎬ Ⰼ朊䘬䚠斄ね⼊炻䴻䴙妰↮㜸⼴炻⤪堐 10 䣢ˤ 堐 10 ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ⎬Ⰼ朊 Pearson 䧵ⶖ䚠斄 埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶ 㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥 ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦 䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯 㔜橼 䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵 .718** .657** .631** .655** .767** 䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰ .657** .628** .589** .630** .720** 䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ .661** .636** .601** .679** .741** 䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐 .732** .714** .659** .712** .809** 㔜 橼 .760** .724** .681** .735** .834** ** p<.01. ⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠㟉㓰傥⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ䚠斄Ὢ㔠 r ῤ⛯忼栗叿㬋䚠斄炻ᶼˬ䞍 嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭冯ˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭ℑⰌ朊⬠㟉㓰傥䘬㔜橼Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏㚨 檀烊侴ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭ˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭ℑⰌ朊⬠㟉㓰傥䘬㔜橼Ⰼ朊䚠斄⿏ 㚨檀炻ẍᶲ栗䣢⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬㍐≽㚱≑㕤⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⯽䎦ˤ
ΜȃҕωᏰਮߝऋሴᏲȃޣᜋᆓ౩ᇄᏰਮਝϞጣܒᜰ߽ġ
炷ᶨ炸怑惵⹎↮㜸 㛔䞼䨞 SEM 䶂⿏斄Ὢᷳ`姕㧉⺷䁢冒䓙⹎ 62炻⌉㕡㩊⭂ῤ 276.63炷p烌.00炸ˤ NFIˣNNFIˣPNFIˣCFIˣSRMRˣGFIˣAGFI 冯 PGFI 䘬ῤ↮⇍䁢.98ˣ.98ˣ.78ˣ.99ˣ.035ˣ .91ˣ.91 冯.62炻Critical N ῤ䁢 200.29ˤ䵄⎰ᶲ徘⎬怑惵⹎㊯㧁⎗䞍炻㛔䞼䨞㍸↢ 䘬`姕㧉✳忼⇘列⤥䘬怑⎰奨⮇ῤ炻㛔䞼䨞`姕㧉✳䘬怑惵⹎↮㜸⤪堐 11 䣢ˤ 炷Ḵ炸㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠Ộ妰 ⛐䡢娵䎮婾㧉✳怑惵㕤奨⮇屯㕁ᷳ⼴炻暨天忚ᶨ㬍侫ㄖ䳸㥳㕡䦳㧉⺷䘬㧁㸾⊾ ⍫㔠Ộ妰炻⚾ 2 栗䣢↢栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮炷TL炸ˣㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜炷TL2炸ˣ䥹㈨冯 ➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩炷TL3炸ˣ䞼䨞冯姽揹炷TL4炸ˣṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂炷TL5炸䫱Ḽ枭Ⰼ⎹㥳 ㆸḮ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶䘬天䳈炻侴㚱䘬㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠悥忼栗叿炻ẍˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ ⶏ˭炷0.72炸㚨檀炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ姽揹冯䞼䨞˭炷0.66炸ˣˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭炷0.65炸ˣˬ䥹堐 11 㛔䞼䨞 SEM 䶂⿏斄Ὢ`姕㧉✳ᷳ怑惵⹎↮㜸 惵怑㊯㧁 ⺢嬘天㯪㧁㸾 䳸㝄 Degree of Freedom=62 Chi Square ᶵ栗叿 276.63 (p烌.00) NFI > .90 .98 NNFI > .90 .98 PNFI > .50 .78 CFI > .90 .99 SRMR ʀ .05 .035 GFI > .90 .91 AGFI > .90 .91 PGFI > .50 .62 Critical N > 200 200.29 ㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩˭炷0.64炸ẍ⍲ˬ栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮˭炷0.62炸烊ᶼ婌ⶖ䘮⛐.19 ẍᶳ炻 ẍˬ䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩˭炷0.09炸㚨Ỷ炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮˭炷0.10炸ˣ ˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭炷0.12炸ˣˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭炷0.13炸ẍ⍲ˬ姽揹冯䞼䨞˭炷0.19炸ˤ 侴䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵炷KM1炸ˣ䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰炷KM2炸ˣ䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ炷KM3炸ˣ 䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐炷KM4炸䫱⚃枭Ⰼ朊䳬ㆸḮ⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬天䳈炻᷎ᶼ⛐㚱䘬 㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠悥忼栗叿炻ẍˬ䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭炷0.62炸㚨檀炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ䞍嬀䘬 廱䦣冯↮ṓ˭炷0.60炸ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰˭炷0.59炸ẍ⍲ˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭炷0.56炸烊 ᶼ婌ⶖ䘮⛐.12 ẍᶳ炻ẍˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭(0.08炸㚨Ỷ炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ䞍嬀䘬∝ 㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭炷0.09炸ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ˭炷0.12炸ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬⃚⬀冯㔜⎰˭炷0.12炸ˤ㚨
⼴炻⛐埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶炷SE1炸ˣ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥炷SE2炸ˣ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦炷SE3炸ˣ䣦⋨⭞
攟⍫冯炷SE4炸䫱⚃枭Ⰼ朊㥳ㆸḮ⬠㟉㓰傥䘬天䳈炻㚱䘬㧁㸾⊾⍫㔠䘮忼栗叿炻ẍ ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭炷0.68炸㚨檀炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭炷0.58炸ˣˬ⬠䓇⬠佺堐 䎦˭炷0.51炸ẍ⍲ˬ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥˭炷0.43炸烊ᶼ婌ⶖ䘮⛐.19 ẍᶳ炻ẍˬ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥˭ 炷0.11炸㚨Ỷ炻℞Ṿὅ⸷䁢ˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭炷0.12炸ˣˬ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦˭炷0.14炸ẍ⍲ ˬ埴㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭炷0.19炸ˤ 㛔䞼䨞䘬 SEM 䶂⿏斄Ὢ`姕㧉⺷栗䣢炷夳⚾ 2炸炻㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⎗ẍ德忶⬠㟉䞍 嬀䭉䎮⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䓊䓇㬋⎹䘬攻㍍⼙枧炻ᶼ忼栗叿㯜㸾炷 11=0.81, p烋.05; !21=0.70, p 烋.05炸炻℞攻㍍㓰㝄㔠ῤ䁢.567炷 11 * !21炸炻R2 䁢.76炻堐䣢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶德忶⬠㟉䞍 嬀䭉䎮䘬ᷕṳ㓰㝄炻⎗ẍ妋慳⬠㟉㓰傥忼 76%䘬嬲䔘慷ˤ㓭⛐㛔㧉⺷ᷕ炻㟉攟䥹㈨ 柀⮶德忶⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬ᷕṳἄ䓐炻忚侴⼙枧⇘⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ⎎⢾炻㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶Ṏ
ӂȃ๖፣ᇄ࡚ដġ
ġ
⚾ 2 㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䳸㥳㧉⺷ ⎴㧋㬋朊⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥炷 21 = 0.26, p烋.05炸ˤӂȃ๖፣ᇄ࡚ដġ
Ιȃġ๖፣ġ
炷ᶨ炸⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥攻℟㚱栗叿檀䚠斄 㛔䞼䨞德忶 Pearson 䧵ⶖ䚠斄Ἦ㍊妶⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰 傥ᷳ攻䘬䚠斄ね⼊ˤ䳸㝄栗䣢炻㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㔜橼⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮㔜橼 ⎬Ⰼ朊⛯⏰䎦栗叿檀⹎㬋䚠斄炻堐䣢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶グἛ炻⇯⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬⯽䎦グ 檀烊㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㔜橼⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠㟉㓰傥㔜橼⎬Ⰼ朊⛯⏰䎦栗叿檀⹎㬋䚠斄炻 堐䣢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶グἛ炻⇯⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⯽䎦グ檀烊⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮㔜橼⎬Ⰼ朊冯⬠ 㟉㓰傥㔜橼⎬Ⰼ朊⛯⏰䎦栗叿⼰檀⹎㬋䚠斄炻堐䣢⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䦳⹎グ檀炻⇯⬠ 㟉㓰傥䘬⯽䎦グ檀ˤ炷Ḵ炸㛔䞼䨞㍸ᷳ`姕㧉⺷℟㚱列⤥怑惵⹎冯⍫㔠Ộ妰 㛔䞼䨞㍸ᷳ`姕㧉⺷℟㚱列⤥䘬怑惵⹎炻᷎槿嫱㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶䘬Ḽ枭Ⰼ朊䁢 ˬ栀㘗ˣ妰䔓冯䭉䎮˭ˣˬㆸ⒉䘤⯽冯妻䶜˭ˣˬ䥹㈨冯➢㛔姕㕥㓗㊩˭ˣˬ䞼䨞冯姽揹˭ˣ ˬṢ晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂˭烊⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬⚃枭Ⰼ朊䁢ˬ䞍嬀䘬䌚⍾冯䳗䧵˭ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬⃚ ⬀冯㔜⎰˭ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬廱䦣冯↮ṓ˭ˣˬ䞍嬀䘬∝㕘冯ㅱ䓐˭烊⬠㟉㓰傥䘬⚃枭Ⰼ朊䁢ˬ埴 㓧䭉䎮柀⮶˭ˣˬ㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥˭ˣˬ⬠䓇⬠佺堐䎦˭ˣˬ䣦⋨⭞攟⍫冯˭ˤ㛔䞼䨞䘬`姕 㧉⺷㚜栗䣢⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶⮵⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮㚱栗叿ᶼ㬋⎹䘬⼙枧炻⬠㟉䘬 䞍嬀䭉䎮Ṏ䚜㍍⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥炻⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䘬䥹㈨柀⮶ḇ⎴㧋㬋朊⼙枧Ḯ⬠㟉㓰 傥ˤ
Πȃ࡚ដġ
炷ᶨ炸慵夾㟉ℏ㔁ⷓ䘬姽揹冯䞼䨞ⶍἄẍ⍲Ṣ晃斄Ὢ㹅忂 㛔䞼䨞䘤䎦⛐㔁ⷓ䞍奢㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶䘬Ḽ⣏Ⰼ朊ᷕ炻ẍˬ姽揹冯䞼䨞˭冯ˬṢ 晃斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭䘬↮㔠㚨Ỷ炻栗䣢䚖⇵⛐㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㕡朊炻⯂㛒⺢䩳⬴㔜䘬 姽揹㊯㧁冯䞼䨞䘤⯽ˤ䁢Ḯἧ㟉ℏ䘬屯妲䥹㈨㔁做妰䔓傥⣈句⮎炻ṇ暨䘤⯽↢ᶨ⣿ ⭊奨䘬姽揹䲣䴙炻ㇵ傥㚱≑㕤㟉ℏ屯妲㔁做䘬䘤⯽ˤ昌Ḯ姽揹冯䞼䨞ⶍἄ⢾炻ˬṢ晃 斄Ὢ冯㹅忂㈨ⶏ˭Ṏ㗗䥹㈨柀⮶ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢䘬Ⰼ朊炻㟉攟冯㟉ℏ㔁ⷓ⭞攟ᷳ攻⽭枰 㚱列⿏䘬㹅忂Ḻ≽炻ㇵ傥㶭㤂㖶䡢䘬䝕妋⮵㕡䘬暨㯪炻忚侴䇕⍾㓗㊩ˤ⺢嬘㟉攟⎗ ẍ⣂忳䓐暣⫸悝ẞˣシ夳䭙ˣ㟉⊁㚫嬘ˣ奒ⷓ㚫ㆾ㔁⬠奨㐑䫱㨇㚫炻䧵㤝䘬墥忈冯 㔁ⷓ⭞攟Ṍ㎃シ夳䘬㹅忂䭉忻炻ἧ䥹㈨柀⮶ㆾ㗗㟉⊁㍐⯽傥⣈㚜枮⇑忚埴ˤ 炷Ḵ炸┬䓐㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㍐≽⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮炻㍸⋯⬠㟉㓰傥 㟡㒂䞼䨞䳸㝄炻㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⎗ẍ德忶⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮⮵⬠㟉㓰傥䓊䓇㬋⎹䘬攻 ㍍⼙枧炻㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶Ṏ⎴㧋㬋朊⼙枧⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ⚈㬌炻㟉攟ㅱ䧵㤝䘬䘤㎖䥹㈨柀 ⮶侭䘬奺刚炻⃭⮎㛔幓䘬屯妲䥹㈨䳈梲炻夷∫℟㚱栀㘗䘬攟㛇⿏䥹㈨妰䔓炻ἧ℞ㆸ 䁢⬠㟉㔁借⒉䓇≒≃䘬㕡⎹冯䚖㧁烊⬠㟉ㆸ⒉⛐䥹㈨䘤⯽冯妻䶜ᶲ䘬㳣≽炻㚜㗗Ὣ 忚℞⮰㤕ㆸ攟䘬慵天斄挝ˤ⎴㗪炻⛐➢㛔姕㕥䘬㍸ὃᶲ炻⬠㟉天傥㍸ὃ⬴┬䘬㈨埻 㓗㊩冯℔⸛⍾⼿屯㸸䘬㨇㚫炻侴⬠㟉㚜ㅱ娚䘤㎖姽揹䘬≇傥炻ẍ㍸⋯㔁ⷓ䘬㔁⬠⑩ 岒炻⇑䓐䥹㈨柀⮶䘬≃慷Ὣ忚⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬忳ἄ炻ẍ⡆忚⬠䓇䘬⬠佺ㆸ㓰炻忚侴 ㍸⋯㔜橼䘬⬠㟉㓰傥ˤՃМᝦġ
ᶩỗ⻟炷2004炸ˤ⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮忳䓐冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ㟫⚺䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠䁢 ἳ炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 䌳⤪⒚炷2000炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬䎮婾冯ㅱ䓐——ẍ㔁做柀➇⍲℞朑㕘䁢ἳˤ⎘⊿ⶪ烉Ḽ ⋿ˤ 䌳⺢㘢炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘ᷕⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ ⯌㙱懢炷2001炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮䎦㱩ᷳ婧㞍䞼䨞烉ẍ⎘⊿ⶪ▱佑䷋ⶪ䁢ἳ炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠炻▱佑䷋ˤ 䞛怈婈炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳 ⎘ᷕⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ 埴㓧昊䴻㾇⺢姕⥼⒉㚫炷2008炸ˤ悥ⶪ⍲⋨➇䘤⯽䴙妰⼁䶐ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ烉ἄ侭ˤ 㰇䄏䓟炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⏛㖶㶭炷2004炸ˤ㔁做䞼䨞——➢㛔奨⾝冯㕡㱽ᷳ↮㜸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⏛ᾖ䏳炷2006炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋⚳⮷㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁⬠㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2001炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊⬠⟙炻32炻1-16ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2003炸ˤ⬠㟉㓰傥䞼䨞烉䎮⾝冯ㅱ䓐ˤ⎘䀋㔁做炻619炻2-13ˤ ⏛㶭Ⱉ炷2004炸ˤ⬠㟉㓰傥䞼䨞ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ烉Ḽ⋿ˤ ⏛俾⦩炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⮎㕥䎦㱩ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳ 䩳⎘ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ ⏛㭻䏛炷2001炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⚳㮹ᷕ⬠⬠㟉埴㓧ㅱ䓐ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 㛶䐒匱炷2002炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁ⷓ⮰㤕ㆸ攟斄Ὢᷳ䟷䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠炻▱佑䷋ˤ 㜿慹䤷炷2003炸ˤ檀ᷕ借㟉攟廱✳柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ⌂⢓ 婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 㜿ὲ㜘炷2005炸ˤ㟫ˣ䪡ˣ剿⚃䷋ⶪ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟㔁⬠柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮䚠斄ᷳ䞼 䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤˤ⚳䩳㕘䪡㔁做⣏⬠炻㕘䪡ⶪˤ 㜿㛅㝅炷2005炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 㜿朄⿉炷2006炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮傥≃冯∝シ㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⋻泣屻炷2004炸ˤ⎘䀋ᷕ悐⛘⋨℔䩳⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䳬䷼㔯⊾冯䞍嬀䭉䎮䚠斄ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾ⶪˤ 恙⽿搓炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮娵䞍冯㔁ⷓ㓰傥䚠斄䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ 慹䌱剅炷2002炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䘬䞍嬀䭉䎮——ᾳṢ冯䳬䷼朊⎹ᷳ↮㜸炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑 ⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 㳒㜙⬷炷2008炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⣏叱⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ ᾆ⚳厗炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⮰㤕ㆸ攟ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘ᷕⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ 㕥㜙春炷2004炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞——ẍᷕ悐⛘⋨⚳⮷䁢ἳ炷㛒↢䇰 ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠炻▱佑䷋ˤ ⬓⽿湇炷2002炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⬠㟉䳬䷼䘬ㅱ䓐ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻99炻44-45ˤ ⼸㻼⤪炷2005炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳 ⎘⊿㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 檀䵕昮炷2005炸ˤ檀借㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯屯妲䳈梲㈨傥ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ⼘⊾䷋䁢ἳ炷㛒↢ 䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ ⻝⣽厗炷1997炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘ᷕⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ ⻝⣽厗炷2003炸ˤ伶⚳ᷕ⮷⬠㟉攟柀⮶䘬㕘嵐⊊——䥹㈨柀⮶ˤ㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻114炻 147-159ˤ ⻝⣽厗炷2005炸ˤ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ㔁ⷓ䥹㈨䳈梲冯㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ埴㓧昊⚳⭞ 䥹⬠⥼⒉㚫⮰柴䞼䨞炷䶐嘇烉NSC94-2413-H-004-024炸炻㛒↢䇰ˤ ⻝⣽厗炷2010炸ˤ⬠㟉䥹㈨柀⮶冯䭉䎮烉䎮婾⍲⮎⊁ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ烉檀䫱㔁做ˤ ⻝⣽厗ˣ⏛⿉Ἓ炷2008炸ˤ㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯㔁ⷓ㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ㔁做䞼䨞冯䘤 ⯽炻4炻1炻171-193ˤ ⻝⣽厗ˣ⻝㓷䪈炷2010炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶⮵⬠㟉㓰傥⼙枧ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⬠ 㟉埴㓧㚰↲炻66炻30-50ˤ ⻝⣽厗ˣ哉䐆ΐ炷2010炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞ˤ⬠㟉埴㓧 㚰↲炻65炻33-53ˤ
⻝⣽厗ˣ唕暾炷2005炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞ˤ埴㓧昊⚳⭞䥹⬠⥼⒉㚫 ⮰柴䞼䨞ㆸ㝄⟙⏲炷NSC93-2413-H-260-007炸ˤ ⻝≱ㆧ炷2004炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋ⶪ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ屯妲䳈梲冯䞍嬀䭉䎮斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓ 婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⻝㵹剔炷2003炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮傥≃冯䎕䳂䴻䆇㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰 ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⻝䙰暷炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰 ᷳ⌂⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳㓧㱣⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ ⻝枮䘤炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉䞍嬀䭉䎮䘬忳ἄ冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑 ⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⯷㜙ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⯷㜙䷋ˤ ⻝㥖▱炷2002炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⚳㮹⮷⬠⬠㟉埴㓧ㅱ䓐ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘⋿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⋿ⶪˤ ⻝ㄞ⊛炷1996炸ˤ⚳⮷㟉攟廱⊾ˣḺ㖻柀⮶⼙枧䳬䷼㔯⊾䈡⿏冯䳬䷼㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ⌂⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻檀晬ⶪˤ 姙㶭䤷炷2005炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠埴㓧Ṣ⒉䞍嬀䭉䎮ˣ䳬䷼㯋㯃冯埴㓧㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞—— ẍ⎘ᷕ䷋䁢ἳ炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ 姙䑲㻼炷2005炸ˤ⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯㔁⬠㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻檀晬ⶪˤ 昛㖻㖴炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䥹㈨柀⮶ˣ䳬䷼⬠佺冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑 ⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 昛㈧岊炷2004炸ˤ⎘⊿䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄倗⿏ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓ 婾㔯炸ˤ所⁛⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 昛Ṗ⏃炷2005炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮傥≃冯∝㕘㔁⬠ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑 ⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 昛㵹厗炷2003炸ˤ㟫⚺䷋⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸 ⚳䩳⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 悕忚昮炷嬗炸炷1994炸ˤ䫔Ḽ枭ᾖ䶜烉⬠佺✳䳬䷼䘬喅埻冯⮎⊁炷Peter M. Senge 叿炸ˤ ⎘⊿ⶪ烉⣑ᶳ㔯⊾ˤ 㚦⃫ᾉ炷2006炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㛔ỵ婚䦳䘤⯽ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘ᷕ㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘ᷕⶪˤ 湫慹㛐炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥䚠斄ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ暚㜿䷋ˣ▱佑䷋ⶪ 䁢ἳ炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠炻▱佑䷋ˤ 湫㖶⒚炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟䞍嬀䭉䎮䞍傥冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓
婾㔯炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 湫䥨⏃炷2003炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ㔁⬠ㅱ䓐ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ⎘⊿䷋ⶪ䁢ἳ炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ䩳ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 湫⺢䘻炷2007炸ˤ⚳⮷㟉攟柀⮶埴䁢ˣ䳬䷼㔯⊾ˣ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥䚠斄⿏ᷳ䞼䨞 炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳冢⋿⣏⬠炻⎘⋿ⶪˤ 湫䚃㥖炷2003炸ˤ檀晬ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳 檀晬ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻檀晬ⶪˤ 娡忼㪲炷2004炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㟉攟㍐≽䞍嬀䭉䎮䎦㱩ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍᷕ悐Ḽ䷋ⶪ䁢ἳ炷㛒 ↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳ᷕ㬋⣏⬠炻▱佑䷋ˤ 㣲慹慷炷2003炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁做Ṣ⒉䞍嬀䭉䎮䞍奢冯忳䓐ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ⎘䀋ᷕ悐⛘⋨ 䁢ἳ炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⊿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 㣲枴⸛炷2004炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠㔁ⷓᾳṢ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯℞⮰㤕堐䎦斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑 ⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘⋿⣏⬠炻⎘⋿ⶪˤ 叱ἑ䛇炷2003炸ˤ檀䳂ᷕ⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮䷦㓰ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳㙐⋿⚳ 晃⣏⬠炻⋿㈽䷋ˤ 叱忋䤢炷2003炸ˤ䥹㈨柀⮶炻㔁做䞼䨞㚰↲炻112炻151-152ˤ ⊅傥炷2001炸ˤ⬠㟉䳬䷼∝㕘㯋㯃冯䞍嬀䭉䎮斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳⎘⋿ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻⎘⋿ⶪˤ 挦㫋䓟炷2001炸ˤ䞍嬀䭉䎮⛐⬠㟉㛔ỵ⚳⮷㔁ⷓ⮰㤕ㆸ攟忳䓐ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓ 婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ ∱㻊䘠炷2005炸ˤ㟫⚺䷋⚳㮹ᷕ⬠㔁ⷓ䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⮰㤕ㆸ攟ᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 惕剛㝅炷2009炸ˤ⎘⊿ⶪ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾 㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳冢⊿㔁做⣏⬠炻⎘⊿ⶪˤ 惕㚄⾈炷2001炸ˤ檀䳂ᷕ⬠埴㓧ᷣ䭉䞍嬀䭉䎮ン⹎ˣ⬠㟉䳬䷼㔯⊾冯⬠㟉㓰傥斄Ὢᷳ 䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ⚳䩳⼘⊾ⷓ䭬⣏⬠炻⼘⊾䷋ˤ 嫅⽿㢖炷2004炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠埴㓧ᷣ䭉䞍嬀䭉䎮ン⹎冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䞼䨞——ẍ暚▱⛘⋨ 䁢ἳ炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ暚㜿䥹㈨⣏⬠炻暚㜿䷋ˤ 嫅⁛ⲯ炷2002炸ˤ⚳㮹⮷⬠䞍嬀䭉䎮冯⬠㟉㓰傥ᷳ䚠斄䞼䨞炷㛒↢䇰ᷳ䡑⢓婾㔯炸ˤ ⚳䩳㕘䪡ⷓ䭬⬠昊炻㕘䪡ⶪˤ
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