*
*
NSC91-2414-H-004-035
fundamental
nonessential
Weston, 1992:17-18
civil rights and liberties
Macpherson, 1987:22
Macpherson,
1987:23-25
Solidarity Rights
Weston,
1992:19-20
International Law of State
Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens
1919
1945
Charter of
the United Nations
1948
Universal
Declaration of Human Rights
1966
1953
1961
1969
1986
Weston,
1992:25-29
Group of
77
Ramcharan, 1992:27
1919
Joyce, 1980:21-25
trade-off
Macpherson, 1987:28-30
Macpherson, 1987:24
1967
1978
Joyce,
1980:38-40
Bismarck
Rosen, 1992:372
1905
Charnovtiz, 1992:339
1919
Rosen, 1992:372; Charnovtiz,
1992:339
Treaty of Versailles
International Labour Organization, ILO
Charnovtiz, 1992:340
1919
ILO, 1990:19-25
Liemt, 1989
Core Labor
Standards
1 9 9 8
Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work
1999
ILO, 2000
2004 7 142 154 163 161 161 160 134 150 ILO, 20041948
1949
1948
1949
complaint procedure
1951
ILO, 1990:105-6
ILO,
1990:41-42
Marshall, 1990:71
S e n g e n b e rg e r,
1994:51-53
Beutler, 1988:455-66
Beutler, 1988:477
What ought to be
Sengenberger, 1994:3
social pollution
preventive economics
Sengenberger,
1994:25-29
international fair labour
standards
Beutler, 1988:463; Rosen, 1992:373
1919
1919
1920
1921
1921
1959
1965
1973
Minimum Age Convention, No. 138, 1973
1973
1973
1999
Worst Forms of Child Labour
Convention, No. 182, 1999
1973
1999
1930
1956
2002
3.39
2002
20%
2001
2002
1999
2002 http://www.npa.gov. tw/count/main. htm 2004/7/12 2002a 2002 http://www.cahr.org.tw/HRindicator/child.htm 2004/7/12 2002b 2002 http://www. cahr.org.tw/HRindicator/9.htm 2004/7/12 2001
Beutler, Laurel A. (1988). ‘‘The ILO and IMF: Permissibility and Desirability of a Proposal to Meet the Contemporary Realities of the International Protections of Labor Rights.’’
Syracuse Journal of International Labor & Commerce, Vol. 14:455-80.
Charnovtiz, Steve (1992). ‘‘Environmental and Labor Standards in Trade.’’ World Economy. Vol. 15, No. 3:339-347.
Haas, Ernst B. (1970). Human Rights and International Actions: The Case of Freedom of
Association. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
International Labour Organization (1990). International Labor Standards: A Workers’ Educational
Manual. Geneva: ILO.
(2000). ‘‘Note to Correspondents: First Annual Reports on Core Labor Standards Released.’’ http://www.ilo.org (accessed July 12, 2004).
(2003). ‘‘International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour.’’ http://www.ilo.org (accessed July 12, 2004).
(2004). Database of Ratifications, Article 22 Reports and Comments by the Committee of Experts. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/index.htm (accessed July 12, 2004). Joyce, James Avery (1980). World Labor Rights and Their Protection. New York: St. Martin’s
Press.
Liemt, Gijsbert van (1989). ‘‘Minimum Labor Standards and International Trade: Would a Social Clause Work?’’ International Labour Review, Vol. 128, No. 4:433-48.
Macpherson, C. B. (1987). The Rise and Fall of Economic Justice and Other Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Marshall, Ray (1990). ‘‘Trade-linked Labor Standards.’’ Proceedings of the Academy of Political
Science, Vol. 37, No. 4:67-78.
Ramcharan, B. G. (1992). ‘‘Strategies for the International Protection of Human Rights in the 1990s.’’ In Richard Pierre Claude and Burns H. Weston (eds.), Human Rights in the World
Community: Issues and Action (pp. 14-31). 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of
Rosen, Sumner M. (1992). ‘‘Protecting Labor Rights in Market Economies.’’ Human Rights
Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3:371-82.
Sengenberger, Werner (1994). ‘‘Protection- Participation-Promotion: The Systemic Nature and Effects of Labour Standards.’’ In Werner Sengenberger and Duncan Campbell (eds.),
Creating Economic Opportunities: The Role of Labour Standards in Industrial Restructuring (pp. 41-62). Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.
Sengenberger, Werner and Duncan Campbell (eds.), (1994). Creating Economic Opportunities:
The Role of Labour Standards in Industrial Restructuring. Geneva: International Institute
for Labour Studies.
U.S. Department of State (2002). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2002. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2002/ (accessed July 12, 2004).
Weston, Burns H. (1992). ‘‘Human Rights.’’ In Richard Pierre Claude and Burns H. Weston (eds.),
Human Rights in the World Community: Issues and Action (pp. 271-80). 2nd ed.
International Core Labor Standards and An
Evaluation on their Implementation in Taiwan:
Using ‘‘Child Labor Prohibition’’ as the Case
*Chih-Yu Cheng
Abstract
With the increasing trade relationship among nations, issues on labor rights and
environmental protection have also been continuously brought up. In particular
when many international trade organizations and multinational corporations use
labor rights protection as criteria for a trade relationship, whether labor rights
protec-tion has been fully implemented in Taiwan has become a concern of great
impor-tance. Under this circumstance, this essay would aim at analyzing whether such
‘‘international core labor standard’’ as ‘‘prohibition on child labor’’ has been fully
implemented in Taiwan. Furthermore, the result of analysis will be referred to the
government for labor policies making and revision.
Keywords:
Labor Rights, Core Labor Standards, Child Labor, Forced Labor.
Chih-Yu Cheng is professor at the Institute for Labor Research, National Chengchi University.
His specialties include Employment Relations, Labor Policies and Human Resource Policies. * This essay is completed on the basis of a research project entitled ‘‘An Evaluation on the Implementation of International Core Labor Standards in Taiwan’’ (NSC91-2414-H-004-035) funded by the National Science Council, the author would like to thank for its financial support.