談「主體的弔詭性」

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(2) 2. Ifl 1L Jlt its A. * ** {g. :fa. ~. 1.!>J. AA. On the "Paradox of the Subjectivity" Wen-Sheng Wang. Abstract This paper shows first the reference and the importance of the thesis "paradox of the subjectivity" in Husserl's phenomenology. The reason from which it originates is then to be explained . In comparison with it, Heidegger' and Kierkegaard's philosophy in which the human being is confronted with Being or God presents an another kind of " paradox of the subjectivity" which we understand here in a wider sense. Specially we take into account the problem of "time" treated by these three philosophers in order to see the essential reason of this paradox and the ways how they deal with it. This paper discusses above all that the more Husserl claims to the subjectivity as the fundament of the world, the more he recognizes the paradox of the subjectivity which depends upon the world. His strong consciousness of this problem means that he understands the subjectivity very thoroughly. He treats this problem by means of that on the one hand, the subject has the partial character of the fundament of the world concerning the apodictic general structure like the form of the immanent time in the subjectivity. On the other hand, the subject in regard to the concrete transcendental life is proved to be adequately evident only as an endless idea. Heidegger and Kierkegaard both see that the more the human being is conscious of his own endlessness, the more he can surmount himself. As to the problem of "time" the " moment" signifies the touch between the human being and Being or God each other. The "moment" is filled with the consciousness of anxiety and sin. But when the human being finds his own endlessness signified by this, he can overcome this. Although he owes it to Being or God . Keywords: paradox of the subjectivity, Husserl, Heidegger, Kierkegaard, the time-consciousness, moment, anxiety, sin..

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(15) t~r:1.B/t.J~tt'/1.J. ~~~~m.WB~. 15. •• o~.~M~~~~~~e~~tt~~~~8~.~. ~'8~~ti~m~~~o~.~~fu~~~~'A~®ti~*,~*~®~W' ili8~ ~. N®~~e~~~o~(B~~m)~.~~ti.M&~~r.~m ~ J ($: - b~~jjUIF.f~. :. •• B~~~.~~ili~~~·G~OO~g~~~y¥ 11* ···G,I~,$~¥~i~UH~JH~~DraJ*\U'-l-txmx ' G~~~~tilfPf'~~1'H M,~~~~~"e~ •• ~6· •• ~6,m~fi~~o&~¥~ft r.~~Y~~ 0. ft.9Hm1~~ti~~~~. 0. J (( ... ). It lacks a dialectical determinant for the. transition from having understood somthing to the doing. In this transition Christianity makes its start. ( ... ) the secret of Speculation's success in comprehending is just this· of sewing without making the end fast and with o ut knotting the thread' and therefore it can marvellously keep on sewing·. i.e . keep on pulling the end through. Christianity' on the. countrary . fastens the end by means of the paradox. ) ( SD . P.224 ; ~ ~ (pi). <3& 9E. . jl[ 159). ~~tt~mti~ • • ~~~~~,~~~~~~~.~.~.~~~~~~~ .o~ ~ mm~~~7~W@m7.~~~~.o~ffi.~~~: r~.3~~·ffi1'Gm~W.~.~m·~Gm~~.-m.m~~ ~ ~m. 0. Sin is a position - not' however' as though it could be. J ( ( •.. ). comprehended· (3&9E~~m). but as a paradox which must be believed.). (SD. P.229 ;. , jl[ 98). ~@ ~ ~f(rI11'ifJjIJ~. ,. etm~ r ~tti;fDM~~B/'J*5~. J '. i&.~~~ fH.ffi j§ :. r~Uftffi.~-OOM~~ •• ·~.~~~~n~~.;~nw.Y. ~B~.~~·*~~~~~~.~~~a~'~3&~w • • ~~1'~ ~~~~~~-ffi~~.~Uft·~ft~~m·~~~~~~m~Y·~. !6J ~ l§ ~ ~~ G *-;!ij ~. 0. J (. But Christianity· which is the first discoverer of. the paradoxes· is in this case also as paradoxical as possible; it works directly against itself when it establishes sin so securely as a position that it seems a perfect impossibility to do away with it again-and then it is precisely C hristianity which· by the atonement· would do away with it so completely that it is as though drowned in the sea. ) ( SD ' P.23 I ;. ( 3& 9E a~. *m ) .. jl[.

(16) 16. @ 1LJl.ti~ **.tg*"':Wt.~ l!9J11j. 166 ). 11. ~. ~±=~. , i1is:l. iiilRl. •• ~~.~~~.lliH,~~~~~m ••• @mw~£.,mft~~. *~~~~~~~.~mw,~~~~@ti~mw~tt.,~~~~~.~~tt ~~a °ti ~~e~~.,~~~~. •• ~~~~m7~.;. ~~~M~m~,. ~U~ •• -EOO~~mA ~~~~. ~~.'~R~~$@~~mwZtt.*~ .'~-EOO~U~. •• ~m~~~m.~.tt~*,@~~m~m~.~~.~. § ~*~~o. ' t)1HN~A5t 5JU1£ 'ff ~ J ~ , x.?ff J Z?l~~~:ff:1tt:iH'f·B~~~~ Iit~P 'mwJ 83 'ff~ J ~' x.?ff J PJT?,~~ , #Hr!H~nM~£*-W5JU~i!if'l •• Zt) , AmmW J ' jffit) , A~mW J mmzraJ ; m .A ~~@~~ •• ~'mwJ'~~@~'ff~J~'X.WJ~'A~~~~ 7 'mm J B~~g:1J . 1ilfE~~ - 1}]lJ83 'ff~ J ~ , x.W J pJT~J.:T ~Ut}~~~AW l'm1i!l;f-trW~5l*-W l-),A ~ m~ff1£~J;~lliH 0. 0. 'ff~J~'x.?ffJm~~.OO'~M~83~~fi~~ M.ffi~.o~~~~.. : - llti~~B~~~tH1~flfH£ ' ~U!W~~£~~Z ' ~£~IRB~ :1J~* § ~~~A~~~o~~~~~i!if'l •• ~ ~.fi ~ti~'m~i!if'l •• ti ~.~ ~ tt ~£~IR~-re~~n~ Azj7g~~:1Jii 7 ~~fBtt.~~. 0. ~~~*a~~~~*.*.~.~~a~. I.

(17) t~ r 3:.. H BiJ. if, tt'f'I.. J. 17. ~.§: ~ urwitsch !. ,A ,. Phenomenology and the Theory of Science. Northwestern University Press. Evanston 1974.. I-Ieidegger ' M : Sein und Zeit. Tuebingen 1979 . ( SZ ) Was ist Metaphysik ? Frankfurt a , M. 1986 . ( WM ) Kant und das Problem der Metaphysik. Frankfurt a. M. 1991. ( KPM ) : Die Grundprobleme der Phaenomenologie. Gesamtausgabe Bd.24. Frankfurt. M. 1989 . Held' K.. : Lebendige. ( GP ). Gegenwart.. Die. Frage. transzendentalen Ich bei E. H'lsserl,. nach. der. Seinsweise. des. entwickelt am Leitfaden der. Zeitproblematik. Den Haag 1966 . : Phaenomenologie der Zeit nac h Husser!' In : Perspektive Phil o sophie 1981 (7), Husserl ' E. P.185-221.. Cartesianische Meditationen und Pariser Vortraege . Hua 1. Den Haag 1950. Ideen zu einer reinen Phaen o menologie und phaenomenologischen Philosophie. Erster Buch : Allgemeine Einfuehrung in die reine Phaenomenologie. Hua III/I. Den Haag 1976 . Die Krsis der europaeischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phaenomenol o gie .. Eine. Einleitung. in. die. phaen o menologische. Philosophie. Hua VI. Den Haag 1954. Erste. Philosophie. ( 1923 /24 ) . Zweiter Teil:. Theorie. der. phaenomenologischen Reduktion. Hua VIII. Den Haag 1959. : Zur Phaenomenologie des inneren Ze itbewusstseins Hya X . Den Haag 1966.. ( 1893-1917 ).

(18) 18. ~lLifti;,;k*~**'*l~~JtIl. : Formale und transzendentale Logik . Versuch einer Kritik der Logik. Hua XVII . Den Haag 1974. : Logische Untersuchungen . Zweiter Band :. Untersuchungen zur. Phaenomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis . Zweiter Tei!. Hua XIX/2. Den Haag 1984. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Hamburg 1976 .. Kant' 1. Kern '1.. : Selbstbewusstsein und Ich bei Husser!' In : Husserl-symposion Mainz 27.6/4.7 1988. Hrsg.:. G. Funke . Akademie der Wissenschaften und. der Literatur. Mainz 1989. P.SI-64. Kierkegaard,. s: The Concept of Anxiety Press 1980 .. ( trans!.:. R. Thomte ). Princeton university. ( CA ). : The Sickness unto Death. ( trans!. :. Walter Lowrie ) . In :. Fear and. Trembling and the Sickness unto Death". Princeton University Press . Princeton' New Jersey 1974. P. 133-247 .. : ( r:p ~, : ( ¥3x:7EEr9 ~ wD. '. WxJj~. (. ( SD ). ffi~ 5~JJ fi"J A ~ 1ff ~. ~~H!' *,\1\i §J : ~t~ ft , i!I ~fjz ::x:~ te ltN jj\± ' J=l [g~N'. Sokolowski ' R.. ),. fJJ ~'. ~ ~ tL f1[ 1990 ~ 3. Jl71-198 .). The Foramtion of Husserl's Constitution. The Hague 1964.. ,.

(19)