台灣危害木瓜的新興害蟎
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(2) 240. 台灣農業研究 第 64 卷 第 3 期. 被害處易黃化、枯乾；但柑桔葉蟎和非洲真葉 蟎均不會造成此種症狀，它們較易在葉表散布 開來，造成細針刺狀食痕，前者食痕淡色，後 者食痕深色。 自 1990 年代末以來，木瓜上之葉蟎逐漸 有施用殺蟎劑難以防治之名聲傳播，近些年來 尤甚。一般均稱「白蜘蛛」難防治，往常係指 綠色之二點葉蟎，以此次調查所見，尤其有二 園中仍有輕微農藥味，可能在有些個案中，難 防治之木瓜園葉蟎是非洲真葉蟎。若將來之研 究 證 實 此 點， 國 外 雖 早 有 Eutetranychus 屬 葉 蟎對殺蟎劑產生耐藥性之問題，在台灣仍屬首 次出現之狀況。 真葉蟎通常在植物葉片之葉面棲息，密度 過 高 時， 也 會 在 葉 背 發 現 少 量 個 體 或 微 小 棲 群。前述 3 園之木瓜葉片在葉面上，均密布非 洲真葉蟎各齡期之活體及屍體，屍體多之葉片 依然有為數不少之活體。柑桔葉蟎通常亦在葉 面棲息，前述 3 木瓜園中，因為大量發生非洲 真葉蟎，柑桔葉蟎大肆出現於葉背。 過去台灣所記錄之真葉蟎為東方真葉蟎 [Eu. orientalis (Klein)]，筆者在東勢梨園採到 之 真 葉 蟎 依 Meyer (1987) 之 描 述 及 檢 索 表 鑑 定 為 非 洲 真 葉 蟎 (Ho et al. 2013)， 是 為 該 蟎 在台灣之首次記錄。此次為非洲真葉蟎在台灣 為害農作物之第 2 次報導，亦為第 2 種被害農 作物，不同的是：它在梨上僅偶而少量發生， 但本次所見為高密度發生之最主要種類。筆者. 在 1990 年代後期亦曾在鄰近山區家屋附近之 零星木瓜植株上發現真葉蟎為主要發生害蟎， 當時以東方真葉蟎視之，以此次網室木瓜中之 發生看來，彼時所發現者極有可能是非洲真葉 蟎。斯時木瓜園 (含網室木瓜) 中主要發生者 仍為 Tetranychus 屬種類，而今卻已有木瓜園 中 主 要 發 生 Eutetranychus 屬 種 類， 非 洲 真 葉 蟎在網室木瓜園中是否普遍發生？尚請第一線 植保工作人員累積資訊。. 引用文獻 Hao, H. H., H. L. Wang, W. T. Lee, and K. C. Lo. 1996. Studies on biological control of spider mites on papaya. J. Agric. Res. China 45:411–421. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, C. C., K. C. Lo, and W. H. Chen. 1997. Spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on various crops in Taiwan. J. Agric. Res. China 46:333−346. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, C. C., M. Y. Lin, S. H. Liang, and S. C. Wang. 2013. New members of the spider mite fauna in mango and pear orchards. Formosan Entomol. 33:57–66. (in Chinese with English abstract) Meyer, M. K. P. 1987. African tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) with reference to the world genera. Entomol. Mem. Dept. Agric. Wat. Supp. Repub. South Africa 69:1–175. Wen, H. C. and H. S. Lee. 1981. Seasonal occurrence and chemical control of the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval) on papaya. Plant Prot. Bull. 23:131–135. (in Chinese with English abstract).
(3) 木瓜新興害蟎. 241. Newly Boomed Mite Pest of Papaya in Taiwan Chyi-Chen Ho1, Shun-Cheng Wang2,*, Shih-Ying Huang3, and Hsien-Tzung Shih4. Abstract Ho, C. C., S. C. Wang, S. Y. Huang, and H. T. Shih. 2015. Newly boomed mite pest of papaya in Taiwan. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 64(3):239–241.. Eutetranychus africanus (Tucker) population of very high density was found to be the key pest in three screen-housed-papaya orchards in Gaoshu, Pintung County. Panonychus citri (McGregor) and Tetranychus sp. may occur simultaneously in much smaller population. This is the second time that Eu. africanus was reported as crop pest in Taiwan and the first time to be a key pest. More information is needed to understand the popularity of this mite in papaya orchards. The recognition of the different spider mite genera on papaya by the shape, habitat, and color was described concisely. Key words: Papaya, Eutetranychus africanus.. Received: January 6, 2015; Accepted: February 12, 2015. * Corresponding author, e-mail: scwang1@cyut.edu.tw 1 Former Research Fellow, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. 2 Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. 3 Assistant, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. 4 Associate Research Fellow, Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC..
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