Information Literacy in the Digital Era
(數碼時代的資訊素養)
Alice Y. L. Lee
Hong Kong Baptist University 2017
Marching into the Digital Age
Media and Information Literacy (MIL)
傳媒資訊素養 =
傳媒素養 +資訊素養 +資訊及傳播科技技能
MIL =
Media Literacy + Information Literacy + ICT Skills
Definition
MIL is the ability to access, evaluate/
understand, and use/create media and
information in various forms in a critical and effective way (involves a set of
competencies)
Not only deal with media messages, but all kinds of information
A media-and-information-literate person
should be able to handle messages coming from different sources
e.g. mass media, Internet, social media, Libraries, museums, archives, databases, video games …
Information Literacy for Hong Kong Students 2016
Advanced IL (高階資訊素養)
Similar to MIL
Peter Drucker
Information Technology (IT)
From the “T” of IT to the “I” of IT
Why Do We Need Advanced
Information Literacy?
Three Major World Trends
Communication revolutions
Transition to knowledge societies
New learning mode of the Net generation
Communication Revolutions
1. Communication Revolutions
Infomedia Revolution
1990s
Blurred the line between media technology
and information technology/computer technology
Mass Media
Printing
Photo reproduction Radio broadcasting Filming
Television Broadcasting VCR
Cable technology Satellite
Telecommunication
Web 1.0
Websites
Online media (online newspapers) Video on demand
Digital broadcasting IPTV
Web 2.0
We Media:
Citizen journalism sites Blogs
Wikis
Social networks (e.g.
Facebook, MySpace, Google+)
Media sharing sites (e.g. Podcasting, photo-sharing sites such as Flickr, video sharing services such as YouTube)
Social bookmarking sites (e.g.Delicious)
Microblogging services (e.g. Twitter, Weibo)
Web 3.0
1. Networking Computing 2. World Wide Database 3. The Intelligent Web
The computer can understand your request 4. Intelligent Applications
Through artificial intelligence, the computer can sort out useful suggestion/solution for you from the
database
5. Wireless Access
iPhone, iPad, tablet
Web 1.0: Read only Web Web 2.0: Read-write
Web 3.0: Read-write-execute Web
Web 1.0: information-centric (the Web) Web 2.0: people-centric (social Web)
Web 3.0: machine-centric (semantic Web) Web 4.0: agent-centric (ubiquitous)
Web 4.0
Web 4.0 will be as a read-write-
execution-concurrency web with
intelligent interactions (There is still no exact definition of it.)
Web 4.0 is also known as symbiotic web in which human mind and
machines can interact in symbiosis
The Movie World
the movie of “Her” (雲端情人)
voice secretary of the computer operation system
The Reality
Apple: Siri (personal voice assistant)
Micorsoft: Cortana
IBM: Watson
We are marching into a Brave New World!
Machine to machine communication
Human to AI machine communication
The Challenges of the New
Technologies
1. How to Handle the Influences of the Digital Media
New media environment new social culture
Second wave (industrial society): mass media mass mind
Third wave (knowledge society): de-massification media blip culture
(immediacy, easy access, personalization, connectivity, datafication, spreadibility, decentralisation, denationalisation,
despatialisation…)
Young people on Facebook
Get “Like” – Narcissistic?
Be eager to get recognition
Live for other people?
Present Shock: When Everything Happens Now
Rushkoff argues that we no longer have a sense of a future, of goals, of direction at all. We have a completely new relationship to time; we live in an always-on “now,” where the priorities of this
moment seem to be everything.
Googlization
Google search too convenience we are lazy to memorize things
Dependence on Google
Know a lot but not deep down
Google memorizes things for you
Google also memorizes things about you – even mistakes
The Naked Future: What Happens in a World that Anticipates Your Every
Move?
Big data – prediction models
Predict earthquakes, improve health, produce highly customized education, prevent crime …
Data will be the most precious resource in the coming years
Gain tremendous benefits? Are we losing our ability of not to do?
Unaccountable algorithm
How does Facebook deliver the messages on your timeline?
2. How to Deconstruct Huge Amount of Information from Different Channels
Information overload
Select, evaluate & synthesize information
Filtering?
Construct reality manufacture reality
A student convinced her family and friends
she was on a five‐week trip around South
East Asia ‐ but, in reality, she had never
left her bedroom.
US Election and fake news
Content farms
Social media as major channels for spreading fake news
People need high level critical thinking skill to receive and deconstruct media messages and information from different sources
Information verification
3.How to Constructively Use Communication Power?
Prosumer (producer + consumer) Ethical participation
Rumor, cyber-bullying …
Using the new media for knowledge creation
The new industrial revolution
In the past: every aspiring entrepreneur needed the support of major manufacturer
Now: anybody with a smart idea and a little expertise can make their ideas a reality
Factory in the cloud – DIY factory
3D printing impacts manufacturing
3D printing and guns
4.How to Tackle Online Security Issue
Hacking
Invasion of privacy Breach of copyright
5. How to Overcome Digital Divide or Digital Use Divide
Digital Divide
Low income family; minorities, people in developing countries
Digital Use Divide
From Industrial Society to
Knowledge Society
The Transition to Knowledge Society
Industrial society knowledge society
Most of the population: knowledge workers
Information as means of production
2005 UNESCO: Towards Knowledge Societies
The important role of knowledge in building more capable communities
(1) Human Resources
The reception, production and
transmission of information/knowledge are essential in social, economic, political and cultural sectors
Cultivate a media-and-information-literate population becomes essential for the
development of a society
Knowledge economy: competent knowledge workers
(2) Desirable Knowledge Society
UNESCO’s Mandate on knowledge societies
Knowledge societies: Equitable, pluralistic, inclusive and participatory
Based on four major principles:
Equal access to quality education for all
Universal access to information
Cultural and linguistic diversity
Freedom of expression
It is expected that citizens in knowledge society can access, utilize, create , and share information and knowledge
Aim: to achieve their full potential in
promoting their sustainable development and improving their quality of life.
Media and information are vital for engaging people in the democratic process, building communities and strengthening civil society
MIL: A pre-requisite for individuals to exercise their freedom to access
information
Future knowledge workers should have the ability to not only acquire information, but also transform it into knowledge that empowers them to improve their
livelihoods and contribute to the social and economic development of their society
Changing Learning Mode
Who is Illiterate?
People have not learnt how to learn
(那些還未學會學習的人)
Don’t know how to handle information and seek knowledge
Don’t have the skills of information search, classification and evaluation ……
Changing Learning Mode
Agricultural society
Learned from their parents and community members
Industrial society
Learned in schools
Knowledge society
not book learning
distant learning, schools with no physical buildings
learn through networked communication technologies (social media, databases, online archives…) in the mobile environment
life-long learning, adult and kids learn together, yesterday’s knowledge becomes irrelevant
Two knowledge systems:
Schools
Mass media and other information platforms
Ben Williamson – Future Curriculum
“a wikiworld of learning”
curriculum is not seen as “a core canon or central body of content”
but is seen as “hyperlinked with networked digital media, popular culture, and everyday interactions”
The future of schooling will be a network-based distributed system of learning
IL is essential for self learning and life-long learning
MIL
Three Components
Access/ Retrieval of Media and Information Evaluation/ Understanding of Media and Information
Use/Communication/Create Media and Information
Table 1: MIL Component One – Access of Media and Information
Table 2: MIL Component Two – Evaluation and Understanding of Media and Information
Table 3: MIL Component Three – Use and Create Media and Information
Hong Kong Experience
MILE Textbook (primary school edition) 2001
「我是未來領袖」計劃
(The 21st Century Skills Learning: Creative Information Technology Education Project)
運用資訊科技進行傳媒素養教育
(Use information technology to teach ML) (常識科+電腦科)
建立教學網站 (design online curriculum & establish a Web platform)
跨學科合作 (常識科與電腦科)
(combining the media literacy section in General Studies and the ICT literacy section in Computer Studies)
採用新資訊科技教學 (電子書、手提電腦、iPad、互聯網
討論)
網上看教材
網上討論
網上做功課
網上分享製作
The Hong Kong Paediatric Society:
Health Literacy
Media and information literate children and Adolescents
Hong Kong Schools
IL Education:
Education for all
Information for all
Young people will use information and information technology ethically and effectively
Outcomes
Individual level: media and information literate (wise media and information user) Societal level: informed and responsible citizen
Academic aspect: active learning; lifelong learning; conducting research
Professional aspect: competent knowledge worker
Thank You!
alicelee@hkbu.edu.hk
