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S-100 protein 與細胞內外功用的變化有關係

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S-100 protein

„ 一種低分子量的蛋白質,在脊椎動物發現的,本身具有 helix-loop-helix (HLH)("EF-hand type")結構型態的兩個鈣的結合位置的特徵。

„ 目前發現至少有 21 種以上的 S-100 protein。

„ 命名的由來:此蛋白質會 100%溶在PH值中性的硫酸銨溶液中((NH4)2SO4具低 吸濕度、低化學穩定度,不會溶解在alcohol or liquid ammonia中,主要用來製 作肥料或是乾粉滅火器,特別是拿來用在生物化學,利用硫酸銨沉澱法來收 集濃縮蛋白質)。

„ 大部分的 S-100 protein 都是 homodimeric (聚二甲基)的結構,也就是由兩個個 別的 polypeptides (多胜肽)以非共價鍵的方式結合。

„ 雖然 S-100 protein 在結構上與 calmodulin (調鈣蛋白,a calcium-binding protein) 相似,但是具有 cell-specific (細胞特性),會視環境因子以不同的程度表現在 特定的細胞上。

„ 相形之下,calmodulin 是一種廣泛存在在許多細胞裡面的細胞內 Ca++

receptor。

„ S-100 通常會出現在 neural crest (Schwann cells, melanocytes, and glial cells), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, Langerhans cells, and dendritic cells 這些細胞裡面;S-100 也很可能會出現在 breast epithelial cells 裡面,所以 S-100 通常是用來確定 tumor 的 marker。

„ S-100 甚至會出現在 melanomas、50% of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors、clear cell sarcomas。

„ S-100 protein 與細胞內外功用的變化有關係。

„ S-100 protein 也與蛋白質磷酸化作用、轉錄因子、鈣離子體內平衡、the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents、酵素作用、細胞成長與變異、以及發炎 反應都有關係。

„ S-100 protein 也被用來當作 anatomic pathology 的 cell marker。

„ References:Donato, Rosario. Intracellular and Extracellular Roles of S100 proteins.

Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:540-551, 2003.

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