2016 POPULATION BY-CENSUS DETAILED RESULTS
Further information can be obtained from the
Documentation and Information Centre of the Statistics and Census Service
Alameda Dr. Carlos d’Assumpção, No. 411 - 417, Dynasty Plaza, 17
thfloor, Macao
Tel : 8399 5311 Fax : 2830 7825
E-mail : info@dsec.gov.mo Website : www.dsec.gov.mo
Official Statistics
Reproduction of these data is allowed provided the source is quoted
Editor : DSEC
Macao, May 2017
Design : DSEC
Printing : DSEC
Analysis of Results
1. Population ... 1
1.1 Age and Gender Structure ... 2
1.2 Place of Birth ... 5
1.3 Nationality and Ethnicity ... 6
1.4 Marital Status ... 6
1.5 Educational level... 8
Educational Attainment ... 8
School Attendance ... 9
Language Skills ... 9
Literacy ... 9
1.6 Migration Flows... 10
1.7 Economic Activity Status ... 11
Employment Status ...11
Changing Jobs or Positions ...12
Professional Certification ...12
1.8 Geographic Distribution ... 13
1.9 Others ... 14
Self-care Ability in Daily Life ...14
Non-resident Workers Living in Macao ...15
2.1 Household size ... 17
2.2 Household Composition ... 17
2.3 Monthly Household Employment Earnings ... 18
2.4 Households Possessing Motor Vehicles ... 19
3. Housing ... 21
3.1 Housing Characteristics ... 21
3.2 Tenure of Residential Unit ... 22
3.3 Mortgage Payment and Rent of Residential Unit ... 22
Principal Characteristics of Population and Households ... 24
Explanatory Notes ... 27
Methodology ... 29
Tables ... 39
Analysis of Results 1. Population
Total population of Macao was 650,834 in August 2016, an increase of 98,331 or 17.8% as compared with 2011.
Population size increased significantly as against 414,128 in 1996. During the past 20 years, the most rapid population growth was observed between 2011 and 2016, up by 17.8% in five years (an average annual growth rate of 3.3%). This was mainly due to a substantial increase in non-resident workers living in Macao and a rebound in the birth rate over the past five years.
1. Total Population of Macao
1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
Total population 414,128 435,235 502,113 552,503 650,834
Growth in five years (%) 16.4 5.1 15.4 10.0 17.8
Average annual growth (%) 3.1 1.0 2.9 1.9 3.3
Total population comprises local population, non-resident workers and foreign students living in Macao. Local population totalled 537,018 in August 2016, up by 10.7% from 2011. Non-resident workers and foreign students living in Macao totalled 104,464 and 9,352, up by 67.7% and 89.2% respectively, together accounting for 17.5% of the total population.
2. Population Structure
2011 2016 Change
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%) No. (%) Structure
(p.p.)
Total population 552,503 100.0 650,834 100.0 17.8 -
Local population 485,255 87.8 537,018 82.5 10.7 -5.3
Non-resident workers living in Macao
62,304 11.3 104,464 16.1 67.7 4.8
Foreign students living in Macao
4,944 0.9 9,352 1.4 89.2 0.5
In addition, marine population went up by 285 over 2011 to 1,020, comprising mainly non-resident workers working
on vessels.
Chart 1 – Population change and average annual growth
1.1 Age and Gender Structure
Number of newborns rebounded substantially over the past five years, causing the youth population (aged 0-14) to rise by 18.2% from 65,870 in 2011 to 77,847. The rate of growth was slightly higher than that of the total population (+17.8%), bringing the proportion of the youth population in the total population up by 0.1 percentage point to 12.0%.
Meanwhile, the adult population (aged 15-64) rose by 15.0% within five years to 513,604 due to an increase in non-resident workers living in Macao, but the growth rate was still lower than that of the total population, bringing its proportion in the total population down by 1.9 percentage points to 78.9%.
On the other hand, the elderly population (aged 65 and above) surged by 48.6% over the past five years to 59,383 as the incoming immigrants in the 1970’s and 1980’s gradually moved into the elderly population, with its proportion in the total population going up by 1.9 percentage points to 9.1%. The elderly registered rapid growth, of which those aged 65-74 (38,476) made up 5.9% of the total population, up by 2.0 percentage points compared to five years earlier, and those aged 55-64 (87,583) constituted 13.5%. The pace of population ageing is expected to accelerate in the next decade.
Within the local population, the proportions of the youth and elderly populations were 14.5% and 11.0%, higher than the corresponding proportions in the total population by 2.5 and 1.9 percentage points respectively.
Chart 2 – Age structure of the population
As the growth rates of the youth and elderly populations were higher than the rate of the total population, the dependency ratio of the total population increased from 23.7% in 2011 to 26.7% in 2016, and the ageing ratio also went up from 60.7% to 76.3%. Meanwhile, the various dependency ratios of the local population also marked an increase.
414.1 435.2 502.1 552.5 650.8
3.1
1.0
2.9
1.9
3.3
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1996 2001 2006 2011 2016
Average annual growth (%)
‘000 persons
11.9%
80.8%
7.2%
12.0%
78.9%
9.1%
Total population
2016 2011
13.6%
78.2%
8.2%
14.5%
74.5%
11.0%
Local population
2016 2011
Youth population Adult population Elderly population
3. Dependency ratios
%2011 2016
Total population
Local population
Total population
Difference (p.p.)
Local population
Difference (p.p.)
Overall dependency ratio 23.7 27.8 26.7 3.0 34.2 6.4
Youth dependency ratio 14.7 17.3 15.2 0.5 19.5 2.2
Elderly dependency ratio 8.9 10.5 11.6 2.7 14.7 4.2
Ageing ratio 60.7 60.3 76.3 15.6 75.8 15.5
Due to a rebound in the birth rate and an increase in the elderly population, the base (younger generations) and the top (older generations) of the population pyramid (Chart 3) were broader as compared with 2011. Analysed by age group, population aged 25-34 represented the largest group at 135,016, up substantially by 36.9%, predominated by non-resident workers, foreign students and local baby boomers born in the 1980’s. Hence, the proportion of this age group in the total population went up by 2.9 percentage points from five years ago to 20.7%.
Chart 3 – Population pyramid (2011 and 2016)
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84
≧85 Age group
’000 persons
M F
2016 2011
Chart 4 – Population pyramid of total population and local population
Chart 4 showed that the local population in 2016 were concentrated in the age groups of 25-34 and 50-59, altogether accounting for 35.2% of the local population; the middle part of the pyramid for the population aged 35-44 narrowed significantly, comprising only 12.9% of the total, attributable to the low number of births in the 1970’s.
With the continuous ageing of the local population, the median age of the local population increased from 38.1 in 2011 to 39.0. Non-resident workers and foreign students living in Macao were mostly aged 20-49, which helped ease the population ageing of Macao, hence, the median age of the total population rose slightly from 37.0 in 2011 to 37.5.
Regarding the gender structure, males (314,018) and females (336,816) accounted for 48.2% and 51.8%
respectively of the total population. Despite an excess of females over males, the growth of the male population (+18.4%) was slightly higher than that of the female population (+17.2%), causing the gender ratio to rise from 92.3 males per 100 females in 2011 to 93.2 males in 2016. Analysed by age structure, the gender ratio of the youth population was 107.8 males per 100 females as male babies outnumbered female babies. Females predominated in the adult and elderly populations, with 91.5 males and 90.2 males per 100 females respectively, as most of the incoming immigrants were females and the lifespan of women was comparatively longer.
As regards the local population, the gender ratio dropped from 92.7 in 2011 to 90.2, indicating an apparent surplus of women over men. Analysed by age group, only the gender ratio of the local population aged 15-24 (98.0) was higher than the corresponding ratio of the total population (93.8), as the foreign students living in Macao in this age group were mostly females. For the population aged 25-54, the gender ratio of each age group of the local population was lower than that of the total population, as the non-resident workers living in Macao within these age groups were mostly males.
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84
≧85 Age group
’000 persons 2016
Total population Local population
M F
Chart 5 – Gender ratio by age group
1.2 Place of Birth
Incoming migrants have always been an essential component of the population of Macao. Due to an increase in number of non-resident workers and foreign students living in Macao, the proportion of population born outside Macao rose further from 59.1% in 2011 to 59.3% in 2016. Analysed by place of birth, the majority (284,072) were born in Mainland China, with its proportion in the total population decreasing by 2.5 percentage points over 2011 to 43.6%, followed by those born in Macao (265,090) which accounted for 40.7%, down slightly by 0.2 percentage points.
On the other hand, population born in the Philippines rose by 98.3% from five years ago to 28,848. Those born in Vietnam and Nepal also surged by 126.4% and 301.6% to 16,297 and 3,815 respectively. The three together accounted for 7.5% of the total population, up by 3.4 percentage points over 2011.
Regarding the local population, the majority were born in Macao (49.4% of total), followed by Mainland China (43.1%). Meanwhile, 86.9% of the youth population were born in Macao and 64.3% of those aged 40 and above were born in Mainland China.
Analysed by the length of residence in Macao
1, non-Macao born land-based population totalled 384,855, and 29.6%
of them had resided in Macao for less than 5 years, consisting mainly of non-resident workers coming to Macao for work;
besides, 22.6% had lived in Macao for 35 years or more, with the majority being Chinese immigrants and returned overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia.
The majority of population born in the Philippines and Vietnam had resided in Macao for less than five years, accounting for 60.5% and 64.2% respectively of the total. Moreover, 63.6% of those born in Myanmar had resided in Macao for 35 years or more. Among those born in Mainland China, 26.3% had resided in Macao for 35 years or more, and 23.2% for less than five years.
1 “Length of residence in Macao” is only applicable to the land-based population as the marine population are often away from Macao to work at sea.
93.8
99.4
91.0
77.9
95.9
90.2 98.0
91.2
83.4
72.0
94.3 90.2
107.8 107.8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 ≧65
No. of males per 100 females
Total population Local population
4. Non-Macao born land-based population
Total
Length of Residence in Macao (%)
<5 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 25-34 years
≧35 yearsTotal 384,855 29.6 22.5 9.6 15.7 22.6
Mainland China 283,271 23.2 20.5 10.6 19.3 26.3
Philippines 28,848 60.5 29.8 6.9 2.6 0.1
Hong Kong 21,439 28.7 27.4 10.3 12.9 20.6
Vietnam 16,296 64.2 33.5 0.6 0.5 1.1
Myanmar 6,958 20.8 3.9 2.9 8.8 63.6
Indonesia 5,918 37.3 31.2 2.5 8.0 21.0
Other Asian countries or territories 14,373 52.7 28.6 5.7 3.4 9.6
Portugal 2,011 34.4 25.2 19.4 13.9 7.1
Other countries or territories 5,741 40.1 32.9 13.5 5.1 8.4
1.3 Nationality and Ethnicity
Population of Chinese nationality totalled 575,585, accounting for 88.4% of the total population, down by 3.8 percentage points from 2011. Meanwhile, those of Portuguese nationality totalled 9,024, with its proportion in the total population rising by 0.5 percentage points from five years ago to 1.4%. Due to an increasing number of people coming to work, study or reside in Macao, the proportion of population of non-Chinese nationality went up from 7.7% in 2011 to 11.6% in 2016, and the majority were Filipinos and Vietnamese, comprising 4.6% and 2.4% of the total population.
Population of Chinese ethnicity totalled 577,107, taking up 88.7% of the total population, down by 3.7 percentage points from 2011. Those of Portuguese ethnicity totalled 11,715, with its proportion in the total population increasing by 0.3 percentage points to 1.8%.
1.4 Marital Status
Among the population aged 16 and above (568,142), 29.9% were unmarried and 3.3% were separated or divorced, up by 0.7 and 0.5 percentage points as compared with the standardised rates
2in 2011. Meanwhile, the proportions of those who were married (63.2%) and widowed (3.7%) dropped by 0.8 and 0.4 percentage points respectively from five years ago.
Over the past five years, the proportion of unmarried females increased by 1.4 percentage points to 29.4%, while that of unmarried males dropped slightly to 30.4%, narrowing the difference between the two proportions to 1.0 percentage point. On the other hand, as males were more likely to remarry, the proportion of separated or divorced males (2.0%) was lower than that of females (4.4%). Moreover, the proportion of widow (6.1%) was far higher than that of widower (1.0%) as females had longer lifespan.
2 To eliminate the effect caused by the difference in age-gender structure, data on marital status five years ago have been re-compiled according to the standardised age-gender structure of the 2016 Population By-Census, which enables direct comparison of the standardised data.
5. Marital Status
%2011 2016
Total population Local population Total population Local population
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Unmarried 30.5 28.0 29.2 25.6 30.4 29.4 29.5 26.9
Married 66.6 61.7 67.7 62.9 66.6 60.0 67.1 61.5
Separated/divorced 1.8 3.6 1.7 3.6 2.0 4.4 2.2 4.5
Widowed 1.1 6.7 1.4 7.9 1.0 6.1 1.2 7.2
Average age at first marriage rose further from 29.0 in 2011 to 29.5 in 2016. Average age at first marriage for both males and females increased, indicating the tendency of late marriage for both genders.
6. Average age at first marriage
years2011 2016 Difference
Total population
Local population
Total population
Local population
Total population
Local population
Total 29.0 29.1 29.5 29.5 0.5 0.4
Male 29.9 30.1 30.2 30.5 0.3 0.4
Female 28.3 28.1 28.9 28.7 0.6 0.6
As regards the local population, the proportion of unmarried females (26.9%) was also lower than that of males (29.5%). Analysed by age group, higher proportion of unmarried females than males was observed in the population aged 35 and above, while the same happened in the population aged 40 and above in 2011.
Chart 6 – Marital status of the local population
0 20 40 60 80
16-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 ≧65
%
Age group
Unmarried Male Married Male
Unmarried Female Married Female
0 10 20 30 40
16-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 ≧65
%
Age group
Widower Separated/divorced Male
Widow Separated/divorced Female
1.5 Educational level
Educational Attainment
Education level of the Macao’s population continued to rise. Among the population aged 3 and above (632,857), 26.2% completed senior secondary education and 23.1% completed tertiary education, up by 0.1 and 6.4 percentage points respectively as compared with 2011. Moreover, those completed junior secondary education or below constituted 50.7%, down notably by 6.5 percentage points from five years ago.
Chart 7 - Distribution of population by educational attainment
Population with academic degree totalled 133,395, of which 86.3% had a Bachelor’s degree, and 12.2% had a Master’s degree. Analysed by academic discipline, most of the Bachelor and Master’s degree holders studied in Business and Administration, accounting for 29.0% and 38.2% respectively; meanwhile, 16.2% of the doctoral degree holders studied in Humanities & Arts and 16.1% in Science.
With the continuous development of the local tertiary education, 39.5% of the population with academic degree attained their degree in Macao, up by 4.2 percentage points from 2011. In addition, 24.8% of them attained their degree in Mainland China, and 8.9% in Taiwan. Those who earned their degree in Europe and Americas took up 5.7% and 4.8%
respectively of the total.
As regards the local population, 23.0% completed senior secondary education, down by 0.9 percentage points from five years ago; meanwhile, 22.6% completed tertiary education, up by 6.8 percentage points. Analysed by gender, the proportion of males who completed senior secondary education (23.9%) was higher than that of females (22.3%), whereas the proportion of females who completed tertiary education (23.1%) exceeded that of males (21.9%). Women had benefited more from the universalisation of tertiary education. The proportion of females aged 16-39 who completed tertiary education (46.3%) was higher than the corresponding proportion of males (39.0%). However, the opposite was observed among those aged 40 and above; the proportion of females who completed tertiary education (11.9%) was lower than that of males (14.9%).
0.1 6.1 9.3 15.2 20.1 26.2 23.1
0.1
5.9
10.0
18.4
22.8
26.1
16.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Special education
No schooling/
pre-primary education
Primary education – incomplete
Primary education
Junior secondary education
Senior secondary education
Tertiary education
%
2016 2011 2011 2016
Chart 8 - Distribution of local population with tertiary education
School Attendance
Among the land-based population aged 3-19 (92,555), 96.3% would attend regular education in the coming school year (2016/2017), the same proportion as in 2011. School attendance rate of those aged 20-24 rose by 0.8 percentage points from five years ago to 41.7%. Meanwhile, the rate of those aged 25-29 went down by 6.8 percentage points to 6.0%, owing to the higher proportion of population with academic degree in this age group. In 2016, 51.0% of this age group had a Bachelor’s degree or higher, far higher than the proportion of 36.4% in 2011.
Language Skills
Population who used Cantonese as their usual language totalled 506,625, accounting for 80.1% of the population aged 3 and above, down by 3.3 percentage points from 2011. With an increase in the incoming immigrants, the corresponding proportions of population who used Mandarin (5.5%) and Tagalog (3.0%) as their usual language rose by 0.4 and 1.2 percentage points respectively, while the corresponding proportion for English (2.8%) went up by 0.5 percentage points.
With respect to the overall language skills, population who could speak fluent Mandarin or English constituting 50.4%
and 27.5% respectively of the total, up by 9.0 and 6.4 percentage points from five years ago. In addition, those who could speak fluent Portuguese accounted for 2.3%, down by 0.2 percentage points.
Literacy
Population aged 15 and above totalled 572,987, with its literacy rate increasing by 0.9 percentage points from 2011 to 96.5%. Analysed by gender, male literacy rate (98.2%) was higher than that of females (95.0%). The growth in female literacy rate exceeded that of males compared to five years ago, with the gap narrowing from 4.1 percentage points to 3.2 percentage points.
Analysed by age group, the literacy rate of the population aged 15-39 was the highest (99.7%), whereas that of the population aged 65 and above was the lowest (81.2%). On the other hand, the literacy rate of the elderly women (72.1%) was far lower than that of elderly men (91.3%), as women were given less opportunity to receive education in the past.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
16-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
≧65
%
Age Group
M F
1.6 Migration Flows
Increase in completion of public housing units and a substantial growth in non-resident workers coming to work in Macao in recent years contributed to a rise in migration flows. Among the land-based population aged 5 and above (618,815), 42.8% changed residence in the last five years, up by 4.4 percentage points from 2011.
Population that changed residence within Macao (internal migration) totalled 136,563, up by 38.1% from five years ago. Those who changed residence within the Macao Peninsula totalled 89,558, comprising 65.6% of the total internal migrants, down by 11.2 percentage points from five years ago. A large number of people moved into the Coloane Island as there were more newly completed public housing units. Population that moved from the Macao Peninsula and Taipa to the Coloane Island totalled 17,102, with its proportion in the internal migrants rising substantially by 12.0 percentage points to 12.6%.
7. Distribution of internal migrants
%Place of residence 5 years ago
Residence in 2011 Residence in 2016
Total Macao Peninsula
Taipa Island
Coloane
Island Total Macao
Peninsula
Taipa Island
Coloane Island
Total 100.0 81.0 18.3 0.7 100.0 68.9 18.4 12.7
Other unit in Macao Peninsula
87.7 76.8 10.4 0.5 86.9 65.6 10.4 11.0
Other unit in Taipa Island 11.9 4.0 7.7 0.1 12.7 3.2 7.9 1.6
Other unit in Coloane Island
0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1
Population who lived outside Macao five years ago and moved to Macao within the five years totalled 128,278, of which non-resident workers and foreign students living in Macao accounted for 65.3%.
Analysed by place of residence five years ago, the majority were incoming immigrants from Mainland China, taking up 56.7% of the total, followed by the Philippines, constituting 12.7%.
8. Incoming immigrants from places outside Macao Place of residence 5 years ago
2011 2016 Difference
(p.p.)
Total Structure (%) Total Structure (%)
Total 104,272 100.0 128,278 100.0 -
Mainland China 61,610 59.1 72,683 56.7 -2.4
Hong Kong 9,470 9.1 9,209 7.2 -1.9
Philippines 8,068 7.7 16,269 12.7 5.0
Taiwan 4,732 4.5 4,380 3.4 -1.1
Other Asian countries or territories 12,780 12.3 19,877 15.5 3.2
Other countries or territories 7,612 7.3 5,860 4.6 -2.7
1.7 Economic Activity Status
Employment Status
Labour force increased by 17.1% from 2011 to 405,913 in 2016, of which non-resident workers living in Macao accounted for 25.7%, up by 8.2 percentage points. Total labour force participation rate was 71.4%, slightly lower than the rate five years ago (72.2%) due to population ageing. Analysed by gender, the male and female labour force participation rates were 77.0% and 66.4%, down by 0.7 and 0.8 percentage points respectively from 2011.
Local labour force totalled 301,255, up merely by 5.6% compared with five years ago. Labour force participation rate of the local population dropped by 2.8 percentage points from 69.1% in 2011 to 66.3% in 2016.
Number of employed population (total employment) was 391,464, of which 82,983 were working in the Gaming &
Junket Activities (Gaming) (21.2%), followed by the Construction sector (10.1%) and Retail Trade (9.0%). Employment in the Construction sector increased by 43.1% compared with 2011 due to the launch of large-scale construction projects, and its proportion in total employment rose by 1.9 percentage points. Moreover, there was a rising demand for domestic helpers as dual-career family became more common. Employed population working in Domestic Work surged by 54.6%
from five years ago, with its proportion going up by 1.7 percentage points to 6.7%. Analysed by occupation, the majority were Clerks (including croupiers, floorpersons, cage cashiers, etc.), with 99,450, accounting for 25.4% of the employed population, followed by Service & Sales Workers (21.2%) and Unskilled Workers (16.6%).
Chart 9 - Distribution of total employment by major industry
2011 2016
22.4
8.2
9.3
7.1 6.9 7.9 7.6
5.0 21.2
10.1 9.0
7.6 7.5 7.1 7.0 6.7
0 5 10 15 20 25
Gaming
& Junket Activities
Construction Retail Trade Restaurants
& Similar Activities
Hotels &
Similar Activities
Public Administration
& Social Security
Real Estate
& Business Activities
Domestic Work
%
Chart 10 - Distribution of total employment by occupation
Median employment earnings of the employed population in July 2016 amounted to MOP15,000, an increase of MOP5,000 from the same month of 2011. Median employment earnings of the local employed population rose by MOP7,000 to MOP18,000.
Education level of the employed population rose continuously, of which 31.4% completed tertiary education, up notably by 8.1 percentage points from five years ago; 16.9% had primary education or below, down by 4.4 percentage points compared with five years ago.
Changing Jobs or Positions
In the past five years, full-time employed local population who had changed jobs or positions totalled 72,510, with equal shares of males and females. Most of them predominated in the age group 25-34, constituting 44.2%. As regards employment earnings, current median employment earnings of those who had changed jobs or positions was MOP18,000, up by 20.0% from MOP15,000 in their previous jobs or positions.
Analysed by occupation, over half (51.6%) of the full-time employed local population worked as Clerks and Service &
Sales Workers on their current position, altogether totalling 37,397. Among those who were previously Clerks (25,757), 4,112 (16.0%) changed to Professionals, Technicians & Associate Professionals. Those who were previously Unskilled Workers totalled 4,982, and 2,001 (40.2%) of them changed to Clerks and Service & Sales Workers.
On the other hand, among those who had changed jobs, 17,804 were then working in the Gaming sector and 7,909 in Retail Trade, accounting for 24.4% and 29.7% respectively of the full-time employed local population in the respective industries.
Professional Certification
Within the population aged 16 and above (454,326), 10,818 (2.4%) had professional certification, of which 58.4%
were males, and 33.3% were aged 25-34.
Analysed by category of profession, most people had certification related to “Business Administration and Finance”, comprising 32.0% of the total, followed by “Construction, Installation & Maintenance” and “Information Technology”, accounting for 13.3% and 10.5% respectively.
21.3
15.4
10.8
7.7 7.5
4.5 4.6
0.4 25.4
21.2
16.6
12.1
8.3 7.8
4.2 3.9
0.5 27.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Clerks Service
& Sales Workers
Unskilled Workers
Technicians
& Associate Professionals
Company Directors
& Managers
Professionals Plant and Machine Operators,
Drivers &
Assemblers
Skilled Workers of Agriculture and Fishery
2011 2016
%
Craftsmen
& Similar Workers
Local employed population with professional certification totalled 9,234. Among those working in Financial Intermediation and Real Estate & Business Activities, 14.4% and 10.0% had professional certification respectively.
Analysed by occupation, the proportions of Professionals and Technicians & Associate Professionals accounted for higher proportions, representing 8.3% and 7.0% of the local employed population.
1.8 Geographic Distribution
Areia Preta & Iao Hon remained the most populated statistical district, with a population of 76,929, comprising 11.8%
of the land-based population, which was followed by Baixa da Taipa (10.5%) and NATAP (9.9%).
The population growth in Taipa and Coloane Islands was much greater than that in the Macao Peninsula in the past five years as newly completed residential units concentrated mainly in Taipa and Coloane Islands. The top three statistical districts that registered rapid population growth were Coloane Island, Pac On & Taipa Grande and Universidade & Baía de Pac On. The population in Coloane Island surged by 530.9% from 4,262 in 2011 to 26,889 in 2016, owing to the households moving into the public housing units in Seac Pai Van. On the other hand, increased number of tertiary education students moving into their dormitories caused the population in Pac On & Taipa Grande and Universidade &
Baía de Pac On to soar by 126.7% and 99.2% respectively from five years ago.
Regarding the Macao Peninsula, the population in Ilha Verde grew faster due to an increase in public housing units;
meanwhile, population growths in other statistical districts were all lower than the overall population growth (17.8%).
Local population in Baixa de Macau, Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida, Patane & São Paulo, Barca and Barra &
Manduco altogether dropped by 2,718 compared with five years ago, whereas the local population in new development areas such as Coloane Island, Baixa da Taipa and NATAP increased by 36,980. In addition, number of non-resident workers living in Areia Preta & Iao Hon, Barra & Manduco, Barca and Patane & São Paulo increased rapidly by a total of 20,171, which partly compensated the local population who had moved out.
Chart 11 - Population change by statistical district (between 2011-2016)
Local population Non-resident workers Foreign students
-1,500 3,500 8,500 13,500 18,500 23,500
NAPE & Aterros da Baía da Praia Grande Praia Grande & Penha Jardins do Oceano & Taipa Pequena Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida Guia Cidade & Hipódromo da Taipa Móng Há & Reservatório Baixa de Macau Fai Chi Kei Tamagnini Barbosa ZAPE Patane & São Paulo Horta e Costa & Ouvidor Arriaga Doca do Lamau Barca Pac On & Taipa Grande Barra & Manduco Ilha Verde Universidade & Baía de Pac On NATAP Areia Preta & Iao Hon Baixa da Taipa Coloane Island
Decrease Increase
Total land area of Macao measured 30.5 square kilometres in 2016, with an average annual increase of 0.4% over the past five years, lower than the average annual population growth of 3.3%. As a result, population density climbed further to 21,340 persons per square kilometre, an increase of 2,862 persons from 2011. Areia Preta & Iao Hon remained the most densely populated district, reaching 170,953 persons per square kilometre, followed by Doca do Lamau, with 146,857 persons per square kilometre.
Population ageing was relatively fast in Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida, Coloane Island, Praia Grande & Penha and Guia, with the respective proportions of elderly population exceeding 12.0%, which was higher than that of the total population (9.1%). Mean age of the population in Conselheiro Ferreira de Almeida was the highest among the four districts, at 42.0, and its ageing index was the highest of all districts at 145.8%, as the youth population in this district was relatively low. Meanwhile, mean age of the population in Pac On & Taipa Grande and Universidade & Baía de Pac On was below 30, mainly attributable to a higher proportion of foreign students living in these districts.
1.9 Others
Self-care Ability in Daily Life
Local population aged 60 and above totalled 96,496, of which 95.3% indicated that they were able to take care of themselves in daily life, while 4.7% expressed the opposite.
Among those who were unable to take care of themselves in daily life (4,557), 1,023 were living in elderly homes.
With respect to gender, females and males totalled 2,954 and 1,603 respectively, taking up 64.8% and 35.2% of the total.
Number of people who were unable to take care of themselves in daily life increased with age. Among the local population aged 80-84, 13.4% indicated that they were unable to take care of themselves; meanwhile, the corresponding rate of those aged 85 and above reached 31.1%. The proportion of females who were unable to take care of themselves in daily life was higher than that of males. Among the local female population aged 60 and above, 5.9% were unable to take care of themselves; meanwhile, the corresponding proportion for males was 3.5%.
9. Local population who were unable to take care of themselves in daily life
Total Male Female
No.
Proportion in local population
(%)
No.
Proportion in local population
(%)
No.
Proportion in local population
(%)
Total 4,557 4.7 1,603 3.5 2,954 5.9
60-64 years 425 1.1 202 1.1 223 1.2
65-69 years 305 1.2 195 1.4 110 0.9
70-74 years 383 3.2 176 2.9 207 3.4
75-79 years 535 6.8 224 5.9 311 7.7
80-84 years 849 13.4 332 13.1 517 13.5
≧85 years
2,060 31.1 474 22.3 1,586 35.2
Non-resident Workers Living in Macao
Demand for human resources increased along with the rapid economic development of Macao in the past ten years.
Holders of Non-resident Worker's Identification Card surged by 105.3% from five years ago to 182,178 in end-August 2016. With the rising cost of living in Macao, an increasing number of non-resident workers opted to live in Zhuhai and the neighbouring areas. Non-resident workers living in Macao accounted for 57.3% of the total non-resident workers, down by 12.9 percentage points from 2011.
Non-resident workers living in Macao totalled 104,464, up by 67.7% compared with 2011. Males and females accounted for 53.6% and 46.4% respectively of the total. The majority of non-resident workers were concentrated in the age groups of 25-44, comprising 67.3% of the total, and the median age stood at 36.2. Analysed by marital status, married and unmarried non-resident workers living in Macao took up 64.8% and 31.5% respectively. Moreover, the proportion of married males (68.8%) was higher than that of married females (60.1%).
Analysed by industry, most non-resident workers living in Macao engaged in Domestic Work, taking up 23.8% of the total, followed by Construction and Restaurant & Similar Activities, occupying 17.7% and 14.1% respectively. Most of the domestic workers were Filipino and Vietnamese, accounting for 50.7% and 32.0% respectively of the total. Meanwhile, those who worked in Construction and Restaurant & Similar Activities were mainly Chinese, taking up 97.6% and 70.8%
of the non-resident workers who lived in Macao and engaged in the respective industries.
10. Non-resident workers living in Macao by nationality and industry No. Structure
(%)
Proportion in industry (%)
Chinese Filipino Vietnamese Indonesian Others
Total 104,464 100.0 47.2 24.7 14.3 3.7 10.1
Domestic Work 24,821 23.8 1.8 50.7 32.0 11.4 4.1
Construction 18,533 17.7 97.6 0.8 0.2 0
#1.4
Restaurants & Similar Activities 14,730 14.1 70.8 14.7 8.3 1.7 4.5
Hotels & Similar Activities 11,688 11.2 40.2 29.6 11.8 2.1 16.4
Gaming & Junket Activities 8,662 8.3 21.5 22.0 22.0 1.2 33.3
Real Estate & Business Activities 7,216 6.9 28.4 35.6 12.1 1.3 22.7
Others 18,814 18.0 62.4 15.8 8.4 1.7 11.8
Non-resident workers living in Macao, excluding the marine population, totalled 103,801. Among them, 33.7% lived in rented units with 5 persons or more and 18.8% in rented units with less than 5 persons. Besides, 28.1% lived in staff quarters and 12.9% were live-in domestic workers.
Analysed by statistical district, most of the non-resident workers resided in Baixa da Taipa, Areia Preta & Iao Hon and
Barra & Manduco, totalling 37,578, taking up 36.2% of the total. Those who lived in rented units with 5 persons or more in
Barca and Areia Preta & Iao Hon accounted for 59.2% and 52.1% of the non-resident workers living in the respective
districts. On the other hand, most non-resident workers living in ZAPE and NATAP resided in staff quarters, making up
69.5% and 33.4% of the non-resident workers living in the respective districts.
11. Housing characteristics of non-resident workers living in Macao
%Non-resident workers
Total Staff quarters
Rented units
Live-in domestic
workers
Others No.
Proportion in total population of
the district
<5 persons
≧ 5 personsTotal 103,801 16.0 100.0 28.1 18.8 33.7 12.9 6.5
Baixa da Taipa 14,418 21.2 100.0 31.1 28.6 13.4 19.1 7.9
Areia Preta & Iao Hon 13,140 17.1 100.0 24.8 15.5 52.1 4.4 3.2
Barra & Manduco 10,020 23.5 100.0 24.6 19.6 46.1 6.3 3.4
Barca 8,415 17.7 100.0 9.1 18.0 59.2 8.1 5.7
NATAP 6,621 10.3 100.0 33.4 23.8 16.8 19.9 6.2
Patane & São Paulo 6,279 20.4 100.0 15.8 20.9 52.2 6.0 5.1
ZAPE 5,674 36.1 100.0 69.5 5.2 12.2 6.2 6.9
Horta e Costa &
Ouvidor Arriaga
5,512 19.7 100.0 26.0 6.1 45.4 13.2 9.3
Note: Marine population was excluded.
2. Household
2.1 Household size
Number of households totalled 188,723, up by 10.5% compared with 2011, including 159 households of marine population. Average household size was 3.07, a slight decrease of 0.01 from five years ago.
Analysed by household size, 3-person households predominated, occupying 24.5% of the total households, up by 1.3 percentage points from 2011. Meanwhile, the proportion of 4-person households decreased by 1.6 percentage points to 21.4%. The proportion of households with 6 persons or more rose from 5.4% in 2011 to 5.6% in 2016.
12. Household size
2011 2016 Difference
(p.p.)
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%)
Total 170,769 100.0 188,723 100.0 -
1 person 25,984 15.2 28,561 15.1 -0.1
2 persons 39,862 23.3 44,711 23.7 0.4
3 persons 39,621 23.2 46,184 24.5 1.3
4 persons 39,280 23.0 40,382 21.4 -1.6
5 persons 16,750 9.8 18,243 9.7 -0.1
≧6 persons
9,272 5.4 10,642 5.6 0.2
Average household size 3.08 3.07 -0.01
person Note: Excluding households living in collective living quarters (staff quarters, institutions or infirmaries, etc.).2.2 Household Composition
Households are categorised into “one-person household”, “nuclear household” and “no nuclear household” according to the relationship between household members. A family nucleus is composed of a couple or a single parent with unmarried child(ren); a household with one or more family nuclei is considered as a nuclear household.
There were 146,341 nuclear households, accounting for 77.5% of the total. The majority (68,885) were composed of a couple and unmarried child(ren), but its proportion in the total households decreased by 1.7 percentage points from 2011 to 36.5%. As married child(ren) living with parents became more common, significant increase was observed in households composed of a father and/or mother, and their unmarried child(ren) and parents, up by 36.4% from five years ago to 13,161. Other types of nuclear households (including skipped generation households, and households of a couple with married and unmarried child(ren)) totalled 15,535, up by 11.4%.
A no nuclear household is a household composed of two or more members, e.g. brothers or friends, living together without forming a family nucleus. There were 13,821 no nuclear households, accounting for 7.3% of the total, down by 0.8 percentage points from five years ago.
One-person households totalled 28,561, comprising 15.1% of the total; one-person households of elderly aged 65
and above increased by 37.6% from five years ago to 6,977.
13. Household composition
2011 2016 Difference
(p.p.)
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%)
Total 170,769 100.0 188,723 100.0 -
One-person household 25,984 15.2 28,561 15.1 -0.1
Nuclear household 130,910 76.7 146,341 77.5 0.8
A couple 23,904 14.0 27,548 14.6 0.6
A couple and unmarried child(ren) 65,201 38.2 68,885 36.5 -1.7
Single parent and unmarried child(ren) 14,668 8.6 16,981 9.0 0.4
Married child(ren) and parents 3,542 2.1 4,231 2.2 0.1
Father and/or mother, unmarried child(ren) and parents
9,647 5.6 13,161 7.0 1.4
Others 13,948 8.2 15,535 8.2 0
#No nuclear household 13,875 8.1 13,821 7.3 -0.8
Relative household 6,376 3.7 6,209 3.3 -0.4
Non-relative household 7,499 4.4 7,612 4.0 -0.4
2.3 Monthly Household Employment Earnings
Median monthly employment earnings of households increased by 43.5% from MOP23,700 in 2011 to MOP34,000.
Average number of employed persons per household was 1.77, down by 0.1.
Analysed by number of employed persons per household, households with 2 working members predominated, taking up 33.6% of the total; households with no working member constituted 13.4%, up by 2.2 percentage points. Monthly household employment earnings went up along with an increase in the number of working members in the household.
Median monthly employment earnings of households with one working member were MOP18,000, and the earnings of those with 5 or more working members were MOP59,000, up by 46.9% and 25.5% from 2011. Moreover, median monthly employment earnings of households with 2 working members had the highest growth of 48.2% from five years ago, at MOP37,000.
Analysed by statistical district, median monthly employment earnings of households in Pac On & Taipa Grande were
the highest, at MOP69,000; meanwhile, the earnings in the Coloane Island were just MOP24,000 as 24.8% of the
households in this district had no working member, which was higher than the corresponding proportions in the other
districts.
14. Median monthly employment earnings of households
2011 2016
Change of Median earnings (%)
Household Median
earnings (MOP)
Household Median
earnings (MOP)
No. Structure
(%) No. Structure
(%)
Total 170,769 100.0 23,700 188,723 100.0 34,000 43.5
No working member 19,141 11.2 .. 25,320 13.4 .. ..
1 person 49,288 28.9 12,250 56,341 29.9 18,000 46.9
2 persons 59,848 35.0 24,964 63,330 33.6 37,000 48.2
3 persons 28,894 16.9 32,000 29,798 15.8 47,000 46.9
4 persons 10,033 5.9 38,500 10,225 5.4 57,000 48.1
≧5 persons
3,565 2.1 47,000 3,709 2.0 59,000 25.5
2.4 Households Possessing Motor Vehicles
Number of households possessing motor vehicles (motorcycles or automobiles) continued to increase, up by 13.1%
over 2011 to 105,993, which accounted for 56.2% of the land-based households. Analysed by type of motor vehicle, number of households possessing both motorcycles and automobiles totalled 37,585, a significant increase of 27.3% from five years ago; meanwhile, those with only automobiles rose by 19.6% to 28,680, and those with only motorcycles dropped by 1.3% to 39,728.
In addition, households possessing multiple motor vehicles became more common. There were 21,212 households owning three or more motor vehicles, up notably by 28.9% from five years ago. Meanwhile, households with one motor vehicle increased by 6.8% to 49,824, and its proportion in the total households possessing motor vehicles dropped by 2.7 percentage points from five years ago.
The ratio of motor vehicles to households stood at 59 motorcycles and 44 automobiles per 100 households, an increase of 2 motorcycles and 5 automobiles respectively compared with 2011.
15. Households possessing motor vehicles
2011 2016 Change
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%) (%)
Total 170,535 100.0 188,564 100.0 10.6
Without motor vehicle 76,786 45.0 82,571 43.8 7.5
With motor vehicle 93,749 55.0 105,993 56.2 13.1
Motorcycle only 40,240 23.6 39,728 21.1 -1.3
Automobile only 23,986 14.1 28,680 15.2 19.6
Motorcycle and automobile 29,523 17.3 37,585 19.9 27.3
Number of motor vehicles
1 46,631 49.7 49,824 47.0 6.8
2 30,667 32.7 34,957 33.0 14.0
≧3
16,451 17.5 21,212 20.0 28.9
Motorcycles per 100 households 57 59 3.5
Automobiles per 100 households 39 44 12.6
As compared with 2011, the proportion of households living in Taipa Island that possessed motor vehicles increased by 5.9 percentage points to 70.2%, while that in Coloane Island dropped substantially by 23.7 percentage points to 42.2%
on account of an increase in households living in the Seac Pai Van public housing, as well as an expansion of public transport services for passengers going to and from Coloane Island. Meanwhile, 54.7% of the households living in the Macao Peninsula possessed motor vehicles, up by 1.3 percentage points. Analysed by type of motor vehicle, 91.6% of the households possessing motor vehicles in Taipa Island owned automobiles, considerably higher than the proportions of those in the Macao Peninsula (55.4%) and Coloane Island (72.6%).
Chart 12 - Households living in the Macao Peninsula and Islands that possessed motor vehicles
Total number of household-owned automobiles was 83,747. Due to an increase in supply of public car-park spaces, the proportion of automobiles parked in public car parks at night (10,486) increased by 3.7 percentage points from 2011 to 12.5%, while the proportion of automobiles parked in private car parks (62,045) decreased by 2.0 percentage points to 74.1%. On the other hand, number of household-owned motorcycles totalled 110,754, of which 66.6% were parked on the street, down by 4.7 percentage points from five years ago.
46.6 45.3
35.7 29.8 34.1
57.8
53.4 54.7
64.3 70.2 65.9
42.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Macao Peninsula Taipa Island Coloane Island
%
Without motor vehicle With motor vechicle
3. Housing
3.1 Housing Characteristics
Land-based households totalled 188,564, of which 187,618 lived in residential units, and 946 lived in temporary units or other types of accommodation. The average number of households per housing unit was 1.02, a slight increase of 0.01 compared with 2011.
Among the households living in residential units, 22,096 lived in economic housing and 12,223 in social housing, up by 34.2% and 108.8% respectively from five years ago, altogether making up 18.3% of the total households. Households living in private housing totalled 153,299, accounting for 81.7% of the total, including 8,573 households living in economic housing units of which ownership had been transferred. The average household size of private housing was 3.13 persons, higher than the averages for economic housing (3.00) and social housing (2.30).
Analysed by year of building completion, the majority of households lived in units completed between 1990-1999, accounting for 43.5% of the total, followed by those living in units completed between 1980-1989, at 23.7%. Meanwhile, 24,994 households (13.3%) lived in units completed in or after 2010, and most of them were households in public housing.
16. Households by year of building completion
2011 2016 Change
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%) (%)
Total 168,937 100.0 187,618 100.0 11.1
Before 1980 22,376 13.2 20,840 11.1 -6.9
1980-1989 45,122 26.7 44,536 23.7 -1.3
1990-1999 81,716 48.4 81,542 43.5 -0.2
2000-2009 16,654 9.9 15,706 8.4 -5.7
2010 and after 3,069 1.8 24,994 13.3 714.4
Chart 13 - Household by type of housing and year of building completion
81.7
99.0
89.1 85.4 84.8
40.1 11.8
7.6 11.7 11.4
29.5
6.5 1.0 3.3 2.9 3.8
30.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
Total Before 1980 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 In and after 2010
Private housing Economic housing Social housing
%
Analysed by usable area of residential unit, the majority (44.8%) of households lived in residential units with a usable area of 40-59.9 square metres, down by 1.0 percentage point from 2011. On the other hand, 16.4% of the households lived in units with a usable area less than 40 square metres, up by 1.7 percentage points. Per capita living space stood at 20.0 square metres, lower than that in 2011 (20.1 square metres).
3.2 Tenure of Residential Unit
Households living in owner-occupied units (property belonging to member(s) of the household) totalled 124,126, accounting for 66.2% of the total, down by 4.6 percentage points from 2011. The proportion of households living in their own private housing units dropped noticeably by 6.4 percentage points from five years ago to 56.2%, while the proportion of those living in privately-owned economic housing rose by 1.9 percentage points to 10.0%. Analysed by age group of the owner-occupiers, the majority (42.5%) were aged 55 and above, and 13.3% were aged 34 and below. The average age was 51.6.
Due to an increase in supply of social housing and a substantial rise in the number of non-resident workers, the proportion of tenant households climbed by 1.3 percentage points from 2011 to 25.8%, at 48,481. There were 2,290 households living in residential units provided by the employer, with its proportion falling slightly by 0.2 percentage points from five years ago to 1.2%. Meanwhile, households living in other types of units (such as rent-free units) totalled 12,721, up significantly by 124.0%.
17. Households by tenure of residential unit
2011 2016 Difference
(p.p.)
No. Structure (%) No. Structure (%)
Total 168,937 100.0 187,618 100.0 -
Owner-occupied units 119,578 70.8 124,126 66.2 -4.6
Economic housing 13,750 8.1 18,765 10.0 1.9
Private housing 105,828 62.6 105,361 56.2 -6.4
Rented units 41,376 24.5 48,481 25.8 1.3
Social housing 5,855 3.5 12,208 6.5 3.0
Employer-provided 2,303 1.4 2,290 1.2 -0.2
Others 5,680 3.4 12,721 6.8 3.4
Analysed by statistical district, the proportion of households living in owner-occupied units was the highest in Guia, at 76.1%. On the other hand, the proportions of households in owner-occupied units in Coloane Island and Ilha Verde were only 41.0% and 53.2% respectively due to more households living in social housing in these districts.
3.3 Mortgage Payment and Rent of Residential Unit
Among the households living in owner-occupied units, 82,919 were mortgage free, representing 66.8%, down by 5.6
percentage points compared with 2011. Meanwhile, households who had to pay mortgage increased by 24.9% to 41,207,
accounting for 33.2%. Moreover, mortgage payments of households showed an increase. Median monthly mortgage
payment of households went up by 67.0% from MOP5,390 five years ago to MOP9,000. Analysed by the amount of
mortgage payment, 24.2% of the households paid MOP10,000 – MOP14,999 per month, and 20.0% paid less than
MOP5,000 per month.
Chart 14 - Distribution of households by monthly mortgage payment
Average monthly mortgage payment of households was MOP11,054; the average payment of households in private housing was MOP12,363 and that for economic housing was MOP5,013. Analysed by statistical district, Pac On & Taipa Grande had the highest average mortgage payment of MOP43,537, while Coloane Island had the lowest average of MOP6,199.
As regards rent payment, median monthly rent payment of households doubled compared with 2011, at MOP6,489.
Most of the households (28.9%) paid MOP5,000 – MOP6,999 per month, followed by MOP7,000 – MOP9,999 per month (24.1%). Analysed by statistical district, Pac On & Taipa Grande had the highest average rent payment of MOP18,724, while Ilha Verde had the lowest average of MOP4,160.
Chart 15 - Distribution of households by monthly rent payment
5.5 14.5 15.9 15.9 24.2 12.1 11.8
0 10 20 30 40 50
1-2999 3000-4999 5000-6999 7000-9999 10000-14999 15000-19999 ≧20000
%
Total Private housing Economic housing
15.6
12.4
28.9
24.1
12.1
7.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
1-2999 3000-4999 5000-6999 7000-9999 10000-14999 ≧15000
%
20162011 20162011
