A Study of the Expectations of the Role of Early Childhood Teachers: The Viewpoints of Young Children and Young Children’s Parents

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A Study of the Expectations of the Role of Early Childhood Teachers: The Viewpoints of Young

Children and Young Children’s Parents

SHIOW-TSAI CHEN^1,* AND JU-PEI CHIANG²

1Department of Early Childhood Education, Asia University, Taiwan

2Department of Early Childhood Education, National Taichung University, Taiwan

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the concepts of early childhood teachers from the point of view of young school children and their parents.

A sample of two hundred and forty-seven subjects were surveyed, including the children, the children’s parents and the current early childhood teachers.

We found that 64% percent of interviewees thought an early childhood teacher should be female;

36.8% thought the teacher should have children; 28.3% thought the teacher should be married; and 22.3% thought the teacher should be young.

In terms of personal characteristics: 95.5% considered that patience was essential; 76.5% thought popularity important; 74.9% thought a sense of humor was important, while only 19% considered being stern to be an important asset.

In terms of personal abilities: most of the people interviewed stated that some artistic ability was desirable. Story-telling was seen as being the most important for 90.7% of interviewees; 74.5% thought being able to sing was important; 63.2% thought a dancing ability important; 60.7% thought a painting ability important; and 56.3% considered piano playing to be important.

In our society, many people have very little confidence in teachers. Teachers should therefore be motivated to improve themselves and conform to the expectations of society. At the same time, the institutes which train teachers should be aware of how to enhance the relevant characteristics of teachers that society requires.

Key words: early childhood teachers, early childhood education, expectations of teacher’s role.

౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣفՅයఈϐࣴزǺѴ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩ᆶѴٽ ৎߏϐ࣮ݤ

ഋذω^1,*ǵࠬӵ੦²

1٥ࢪεᏢѴٽ௲ػᏢس

2Ѡύ௲ػεᏢѴٽ௲ػᏢس

ᄔा

ӚՉӚ཰ࣣԖځπբ܄፦ǴԶځπբΓ঩ࣁၲԋځҺ୍Ǵ߾໪ڀഢ΋٤࣬ᜢޑفՅ੝܄Ƕ ҁࣴزޑҞޑǴӧΑှ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣᔈ၀ڀԖ࡛ኬޑ੝܄ǴѴ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩ᆶѴٽৎߏӵՖ යఈځفՅ੝܄Ƕ࿶ၸჹѴٽ௲ػᏢسᏢғǴ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣǵϷѴٽৎߏୢڔፓࢗǴ٠ၮҔьБ ᔠۓϐ಍ीБݤǴࣴز่݀ว౜ԖаΠ൳ᅿന೏යఈޑفՅ੝܄Ǻ(΋)يϩ੝܄΢ၨයఈζ܄ي ҽϐѴ௲Դৣ(ᜅԋ 64%)Ƕځԛ٩ׇࣁȨᔈԖηζȩ(ᜅԋ 36.8%)ǴȨ่ၸஆȩޑ(ᜅԋ 28.3%)Ǵ ԶȨԃសȩനϿ(ᜅԋ 22.3%)ǶьБᔠۓ่݀ѝԖ܄ձᆶԃសٿ໨ޑ࣮ݤǴڙ၂ޣԖᡉ๱όӕϐ යఈ(Β)Γ਱੝܄΢ၨයఈڀऐЈ੝܄ϐѴ௲Դৣ(ᜅԋ 95.5%)Ǵځԛ٩ׇࣁȨڀԖΓጔޑȩ(ᜅ

* Corresponding author. E-mail: stc@asia.edu.tw

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ԋ 76.5%)ǴȨڀࡉᓨȩޑ(ᜅԋ 74.9%)ǴԶȨڀᝄ቉ޑȩനϿ(ᜅԋ 19.0%)ǶьБᔠۓ่݀ѝԖ ȨऐЈȩ΋໨ޑ࣮ݤǴڙ၂ޣޑ࣮ݤεठ࣬ӕǴؒԖᡉ๱όӕϐৡ౦(Ο)᛬ૈ੝܄΢ၨයఈᔈڀ ᇥࡺ٣ૈΚϐѴ௲Դৣ(ᜅԋ 90.7%)Ǵځԛ٩ׇࣁȨڀୠᄺૈΚޑȩ(ᜅԋ 74.5%)ǴȨڀၢᆸૈΚ ޑȩ(ᜅԋ 63.2%)ǴȨڀᛤฝૈΚޑȩ(ᜅԋ 60.7%)ǴၨեޣࣁȨڀቸถૈΚޑȩ(ᜅԋ 56.3%)Ƕ ьБᔠۓ่݀ѝԖቸถᆶᛤฝٿ໨ޑ࣮ݤǴڙ၂ޣޑයఈԖᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

य़ჹӭϡǵזೲว৖ޑޗ཮ǴӚࣚჹ௲ৣޑ஑཰៾࠶೴ᅌѨѐߞЈϐሞǴ௲ৣ׳ሡаගϲ

஑཰ૈΚ܈಄ᔈفՅයఈࣁᙍדǶࣴزว౜Ǵڙ၂ޣჹ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣᔈڀޑ੝܄㦏ζ܄ف ՅၨڙයࡑǴԶऐЈ߾ࢂ๊εӭኧڙ၂ޣޑයఈǴԿܭ᛬ૈБय़߾Ԗຬၸΐԋޑڙ၂ޣᇡࣁᇥࡺ

٣ന೏යఈǶ

ࣁૈගܹҁ୯Ѵٽ௲ػπբǴࡌ᝼ा୻ػѴٽ௲ৣϐሞǴᔈӭ୻ᎦऐЈޑΓ਱੝܄ǴԶᇥ

ࡺ٣ૈΚޑ૽ግǴ߾ࢂӧϖ໨᛬ૈύǴനڙځߙ࿍ޑǶӢԜǴڥᢣЬᆅѴٽ௲ߥՉࡹ྽ֽǴᔈ၀ ᑈཱུ௢୏εৎ܌යఈޑѴٽ௲ৣ੝܄Ǵа٬ҁ୯ϐѴٽ௲ػπբᗌΕჄਔжϐӦ؁Ƕ

ᜢᗖຒǽѴٽ௲ৣǵفՅයఈǵѴ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩Ƕ

൘ǵʳᆣፕ

΋ǵࣴزጔଆ

΋૓ᇥٰӚՉӚ཰೿Ԗځπբ܈୍ܺޑჹຝǶаѴ࿧༜ٰᇥǴπբޣ໪

ӃڗளѴٽ௲ৣӝ਱᛾ਜǴۈૈ୍ܺܭѴ࿧༜௲ػѴٽǶԶӧ༜္௲ػѴٽය ໔ǴΨ೚٠ߚ؂Տڗளӝ਱Ѵ௲Դৣڙډ៿߆Ǵ҂ӝ਱ޑԴৣԖਔΨڙډ΋٤ ৎߏޑߙ࿍Ƕ྽ฅӧ஑཰ޕૈ΢Ǵӝ਱ޣӢௗڙډ௲ৣᙍ߻୻ػ܈૽ግǴځ஑

཰ޑঅࣁεठ΢คன࿼ᅪǶԶ҂ӝ਱ޣǴΨ೚җܭ࿶ᡍ܈੝፦ǴӭϿᔆံΑځ ӃϺϐόىǶ

߈൳Μԃаٰҗܭޕ᛽ᛈࣆǴӚᅿ൞ᡏǵᆛၡᆶਜᝤεໆр᠈Ǵ௲ৣό ӆࢂޕ᛽୤΋ޑ໺ᏤޣǶৣၗӭϡϯޑ่݀ǴёૈӧȨໆȩ΢ӭϡϯǴՠȨ፦ȩ ޑӭϡϯࠅ҂և౜Ƕуа߈ШइаٰǴޕ᛽ٰྍӭϡϯޑ่݀Ǵ೷ԋޗ཮ϟय़ ӭϡϐ௲ػᆅၰǶ௲ৣӧ࠸η܈ৎߏޑ౳ύǴځ೏ᇡӕޑӦՏ܈فՅςεόӵ

߻Ƕৎߏёૈ೴ᅌჹᏢਠ္ޑ௲ػΓ঩ѨѐߞҺགǶ௲ػπբޣޑ஑཰ૈΚ܈

၀ڀԖޑ੝፦ǴΨ൩ᜤխᡣޗ཮ε౲Ԗ܌፦ᅪǶҞ߻Шࣚ೚ӭ୯ৎϐ௲ৣન

፦ǴԖ೴ᅌफ़եޑᖿ༈(໳ܲ፵Ǵ1983)ǶЀځӧך୯ǴԾ҇୯ΖΜΟԃΒДϦ թȨৣၗ୻ػݤȩࡕǴৣၗӭϡ୻ػޑ௃׎Ǵςቹៜځৣၗޑࠔ፦Ǵ௲ৣࢂց

ૈ಄ӝѴٽ܈ޗ཮ε౲ޑයࡑॶள૸ፕǴٯӵѴ௲ᏢำǴҭջ౜ӧׯᆀޑȨѴ

࿧༜ৣၗᙍ߻௲ػፐำȩǴҺՖεᏢ౥཰ғǴѝाགྷᏼҺѴ࿧༜௲ৣǴ೿ёа

ٰൔԵǴԶЪѝाঅֹ௲ػ೽ೕጄޑ 26 ᏢϩǴ٠࿶ჴಞ΋ԃջёᕇளѴٽ௲

ৣӝ਱᛾Ǵཥݤ߾ೕۓ 92 ԃ 8 ДΕᏢޣ໪࿶ъԃჴಞǴЪሡ೯ၸ௲ػ೽ޑ௲

ৣၗ਱ᔠۓϐર฽ෳᡍǴۈૈڗளӝ਱௲ৣ᛾ǶฅԶঅֹ 26 Ꮲϩࢂցىа፾

ӝᏼҺѴٽ௲ৣϐفՅሡ؃ګǻޑዴόคᅪୢǶࣁΑှ΋૓ѴٽৎߏᆶѴٽ௲ ػ࣬ᜢΓ঩Ǵ೭٤Γγёаᇥ೿ᆶѴ௲ԖᜢǴჹܭ྽߻வ٣Ѵٽ௲ػޑԴৣǴ

཮ӵՖයఈځᔈڀഢব٤يϩǵΓ਱੝܄܈໪Ԗޑ᛬ૈ੝܄ǶඤقϐǴࣁ߆ӝ ޗ཮ε౲ჹѴٽ௲ৣޑفՅᇡӕǴࡠൺ௲ػπբޣϐߞЈǴրΓჴᔈ҂ߘ࿨

ᒉǴஒεৎӅӕයఈޑفՅ੝܄ǴᡣԖཀவ٣Ѵٽ௲ػπբޣޑୖԵǴ೭Ψࢂ

ҁЎࣴزޑЬाጔଆǶ

߈Шаٰҗܭ௲ػޑวၲǴ༜܌ᐒᄬޑ೛ҥԖӵߘࡕࡾแ૓ޑጲࠁว

৖ǶᏼҺ௲ߥπբޑΓ঩ኧໆᐟቚǴҺ௲ԋࣁ΋໨εৎᜢݙޑȨՉ཰ȩϐ΋Ƕ җܭΓኧϐ౲ӭǴᜤխન፦ୖৡόሸǴࣗޣϿኧόૈԾࡓǴቹៜޗ཮ε౲ჹ௲ ߥΓ঩ન፦ϷӦՏޑ࣮ݤǶᜤ܁ԖΓຎ௲ਜޑπբࣁጋαϐࢬǴ຾ԶኳጋΑ௲

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ػޑ੿ကᆶਏ݀(ၘᚚૢǴ1976)Ƕࣁޣ፾ᔈޗ཮ε౲ჹѴٽ௲ৣفՅޑය೚Ǵ ҁࣴزޑ่݀Ǵёаගٮ༜܌଺ࣁငፎ௲ৣਔǴᒧ᏷፾ӝ௲ৣفՅ੝܄ޑୖԵǶ Βǵࣴزୢᚒ

Ѵ࿧༜ޑ௲ৣ؂Ϻӧ༜܌୍ܺ௲ػѴٽǴനޕၰԾρᔈӵՖ଺ӳ௲ৣف ՅǴനమཱԾρᔈڀഢব٤੝፦Бىа଺ӳԾρޑѴ௲ԴৣفՅǶԶٗ٤Ѵ௲

ৣၗᙍ߻୻ᎦύޑѴٽྗ௲ৣǴΨё೴ᅌܴқ҂ٰޗ཮ε౲ჹԾρفՅ੝܄ϐ යఈǶନԜǴѴٽޑৎߏ؂Ϻ܈࿶தᆶ༜܌ϷԴৣǵѴٽௗ᝻ǴΨၨૈᡏ཮ي ࣁځѴٽޑ௲ৣᔈ၀ڀഢব٤చҹ܈੝܄Ƕ

༜܌௲ߥѴٽǴځ஑཰ૈΚӵՖǴନΑ౜൑ϒаᔠᡍ܈ᢀჸځѴٽᏢಞ ԋ݀ѦǴࢂࡐό৒࣮ܰрځ஑཰ૈΚНྗǶࣁΑૈԖ΋ۓޑ஑཰Нѳ܈ᇡӕǴ ჹܭѴٽ௲ৣفՅ၀ڀഢޑ੝܄ჴԖ൨פเਢޑѸाǶӢԜǴҁࣴز൩ࢂӧ൨

؃Ѵ௲࣬ᜢπբΓ঩ǴхࡴѴ௲سᏢғᆶ౜ᙍѴٽ௲ৣǴаϷѴٽৎߏϐ࣮

ݤǶҁЎᔕჹ߻໨ΟᜪΓ঩Ǵவ٣ୢڔፓࢗǴ௖૸аΠ൳ঁୢᚒǺ

(΋)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐيҽ੝܄ǴՖᅿၨ೏යఈǻԖցӢڙ၂ޣङඳόӕԶԖ ᡉ๱ৡ౦ǻ

1. Ѵٽ௲ৣޑ܄ձǴت܈ζၨ೏යఈǻ

2. Ѵٽ௲ৣޑԃសǴԃᇸᆶցϷ൳ྃ໘ࢤၨ೏යఈǻ 3. Ѵٽ௲ৣ่ஆᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ

4. Ѵٽ௲ৣԖคηζǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ

(Β)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐΓ਱੝܄ǴՖᅿၨ೏යఈǻԖցӢڙ၂ޣङඳόӕԶԖ ᡉ๱ৡ౦ǻ

1. Ѵٽ௲ৣԖคΓጔǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 2. Ѵٽ௲ৣԖคࡉᓨགǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 3. Ѵٽ௲ৣࢂցᝄ቉ǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 4. Ѵٽ௲ৣࢂցڀऐЈǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ

(Ο)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣᔈڀഢՖᅿ᛬ૈၨ೏යఈǻԖցӢڙ၂ޣङඳόӕԶԖ ᡉ๱ৡ౦ǻ

1. Ѵٽ௲ৣڀഢቸถૈΚᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 2. Ѵٽ௲ৣڀഢᇥࡺ٣ૈΚᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 3. Ѵٽ௲ৣڀഢୠᄺૈΚᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 4. Ѵٽ௲ৣڀഢၢᆸૈΚᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ 5. Ѵٽ௲ৣڀഢᛤฝૈΚᆶցǴՖޣၨ೏යఈǻ Οǵࣴزጄൎ

(΋)ࣴزჹຝ

ҁࣴزज़ܭਔ໔Ϸ࿶຤ǴᔕаΟᅿΓ঩բࣁࣴزޑჹຝǶಃ΋ᅿΓ঩ࢂ

Ҟ߻൩᠐ܭεᏢѴٽ௲ػᏢسޑӕᏢǶಃΒᅿჹຝࢂа౜Ϟ୍ܺܭѴ࿧༜ޑ౜

ᙍѴٽ௲ৣǶಃΟᅿΓ঩ࣁ൩᠐ܭѴ࿧༜္ޑѴٽৎߏǶ

࿶ዴۓፓࢗࣴزޑΟᅿჹຝࡕǴҥջаߡճܜኬБԄǴᒧڗ٥ࢪεᏢΒ ԃભޑѴٽ௲ػᏢسᏢғ 90 ΓǴаϷѠύѱࢌدҥѴ࿧༜ޑ౜ᙍ௲ৣ 84 Γᆶ ځѴٽৎߏ 73 ΓբࣁԜԛୢڔፓࢗޑჹຝǶΟᅿڙ၂ኬҁΓኧӵ߄ 1Ƕ

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߄ 1 ኬҁΓኧ

໨Ҟ ٥ࢪεᏢѴ௲س

ΒԃભᏢғ

ѠύѱѴ࿧༜

౜ᙍ௲ৣ

ѠύѱѴ࿧༜

Ѵٽৎߏ

ӝी

ᏢғΓኧ 90 84 73 247

(Β)ࣴز໨Ҟ

ҁࣴزୢڔ໨Ҟϐ،ۓǴЬाࢂࣴزޣǴа۳ѳВᆶѴ௲سᏢғፐำ௲ Ꮲ΢૸ፕਔǴၨӭ࿘᝻ǵᜢЈᆶ៝ቾޑୢᚒǴӕਔӧᇙբ၀ୢڔਔǴΨᆶ΋٤ Ѵ࿧༜௲ৣϷ༜ߏፎ௲Ǵ׆ఈᙶమيࣁ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴځ୷ҁفՅޑي ϩ੝܄ǵΓ਱੝܄ǵаϷ୷ҁޑ᛬ૈ੝܄ǴനӳૈڀഢϙሶǶനࡕջаځനࣁ ӭኧΓ܌ᜢЈޑୢᚒ໨ҞբࣁࣴزޑሦୱǶ٠аځୢڔ่݀բ຾΋؁ޑ௖૸ᆶ ϩ݋Ƕ

(Ο)ࣴزਔ໔

ҁࣴزԾ҇୯ΐΜΟԃΐДଆǴҗܭӧৣ϶Дтᕇளฦၩ΋ጇԖᜢѴ௲

஑཰ຑ᠘ϐፕЎǴௗ๱ΞԖٿጇԖᜢѴٽ௲ৣ௲ᏢБय़ϐፕЎǴΟጇࣣᆶѴ௲ ԴৣғఱԖᜢǴܭࢂ๏ΑঁΓ΋໨ᡫགǴ׆ఈѐΑှ΋૓౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴѳ ВाתᄽѴٽ௲ᏢفՅǴሡाڀഢব٤చҹ܈੝܄ၨૈ೏Γᇡӕ܈ௗڙǶܭࢂ

࿶தӧຑ᠘Ѵ࿧༜ਔǴᙖᐒ཮၌ୢѴٽ௲ৣǴፎୢӴॺيࣁ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դ

ৣǴঁΓفՅ΢ᔈڀഢՖᅿ੝܄ǴԶЪा٬௲ᏢԋфǴᡣѴٽ഻៿΢Ѵ࿧༜Ǵ Ѵٽ௲ৣޑفՅᔈڀഢব٤᛬ૈၨࣁ፾ӝǵ೏ޭۓǵ܈೏ᇡӕǶ

ޔډന߈җܭѴ௲سஒܭΐΜѤԃΜΒД΋ԿΒВǴᖐՉѴ௲Ꮲೌࣴ૸

཮ǴځЬᚒ҅ԄᆶঁΓ܌ట௖૸ϐϣ৒࣬ᜢǴܭࢂ൩ܭΐΜѤԃΖД߃໒ۈ଺

ࣴزǶӢԜǴҁࣴزޑਔ໔ࣁϞԃΖДԿΜДǶ (Ѥ)Ӝຒࣚۓ

ҁࣴزੋϷΟঁᜢᗖӜຒǴࣁ٬᎙᠐ޣԖమධޑ౛ۺǴගрᇥܴӵΠǺ 1. Ѵٽ௲ৣ(early childhood teacher)ǺԜೀ܌ࡰѴٽ௲ৣǴࣁ΋૓ӧѴ࿧

༜္ᏼҺ௲ᏢπբޣǶόᆅځࢂցڀഢѴٽ௲ৣӝ਱᛾ǴѝाࢂҺᙍ ܭѴ࿧༜೿ࢂҁፕЎ܌ࡰޑѴٽ௲ৣǶ

2. فՅයఈ(role expectations)ǺفՅ(role)ࢂ΋ᅿத೏ٰ৾ှញ΋ᅿՉࣁ

ೕጄޑཷۺǶ فՅࢂ٩ᏵځӦՏيϩԶۓޑՉࣁኳԄǶόӕޑفՅӧ ځՉࣁ΢ԖόӕޑՉࣁኳԄǶΨࢂ΋૓ΓჹࢌӦՏ܈يϩ΢ޑ΋ᅿය

೚(Smelser,1991; Goodman, 1992)ǶԶفՅයఈࡰޑࢂǴ΋૓ޗ཮Γγ ჹܭࢌ΋فՅ၀תᄽޑՉࣁኳԄǴٯӵǴޗ཮ε౲ჹܭѴٽ௲ৣޑف ՅǴёૈ཮׆ఈӴॺޑՉࣁाૈ഻៿λ࠸܈Ԗང฻฻ǶයఈӴॺӧځ ӦՏ΢܈يϩ΢ࢂᔈԖ࡛ኬޑ߄౜ǶԖਔǴΓॺΨ཮ჹԜفՅԖᚐѦ ޑයఈǴҭջჹࢌفՅۘԖځдޑفՅයఈǴԜਔ൩ᆀࣁᘉк܄ޑف Յ(expanded roles )Ƕ

3. Ѵ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩(the relative persons to the early childhood education)Ǻҁ Ў܌ࡰѴ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩Ǵх֖ٿᜪΓ঩Ƕ΋ᅿࣁ҅ӧௗڙѴٽ௲ػৣၗ

ᙍ߻௲ػޑѴٽ௲ػᏢسᏢғǴ҂ٰӴॺ೿ஒӧ౥཰ࡕڗள௲ৣၗ

਱Ǵ٠຾ΕѴ࿧༜௲ᏢǴёаᇥࢂྗԴৣޑيϩǶќ΋ᅿΓ঩ǴࣁҞ

߻҅ӧѴ࿧༜πբޑѴٽ௲ৣǴόᆅځࢂցӝ਱Ǵ೿ࢂ҅ӧவ٣Ѵٽ

௲ػπբޑ௲ৣǶ၀ٿᅿΓ঩ჹѴٽ௲ᏢᔈԖޑفՅᇡޕǴᔈၨ΋૓

ޗ཮ΓγӭΑှǶ

(5)

ມǵʳЎ᝘௖૸

΋ǵ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ

౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣᔈ၀ࢂڀഢΑȨ஑཰ȩ੝፦ᆶ࣬ᜢ੝܄ǶՖᒏȨ஑཰ȩ (profession)ǻᇻӧՋϡ 1933 ԃǴCarr-Saunders ൩මᒏǺȨ஑཰ࢂࡰࢌ΋੝ۓ ޑΓဂǴа΋ᅿ੝ۓޑ஑ߐמೌவ٣ࢌ΋ᙍ཰ȩǶඤѡ၉ᇥǴ஑཰ࡰޑࢂࢌ΋

੝ۓޑΓဂǴሡڀԖ੝ਸ஑ߐϐૈΚǴۈёֹԋࢌᜪπբǴӢԜǴ஑཰ࢂԖځ

΋ۓޑૈΚ੝܄Ǵ஑཰πբޣѸ໪ڀഢ೭٤੝܄аᅰځфǶȨ஑཰ȩ၀ӜຒǴ ਥᏵ Zumeta & Solomon (1982)ޑှញǴᇡࣁȨ஑཰ȩࢂ΋ᅿπբǴࢂၮҔଯભ

཈ஏޑޕ᛽ǴаࣁղᘐϷՉ٣ޑྗ߾Ƕ܌ᒏղᘐࢂࡰၮҔ஑཰ޕ᛽Ҕаղ،Ϸ ϩ݋٣௃ޑ߻Ӣࡕ݀ǴӕਔࡘԵӚᅿёૈޑՉ୏Ǵ٠ຑ՗Չ୏Ϸ௢ޕёૈ೷ԋ ޑࡕ݀ǶM. Liberman ߾ᒏǴ஑཰ޑ੝ቻԖаΠ൳ᗺǺ(΋)ࢂ΋ᅿѸाԶᐱ੝

ޑޗ཮୍ܺǶ(Β)ၮҔଯࡋޑඵችǶ(Ο)ሡߏයޑ஑཰૽ግǶ(Ѥ)ԖቶݱޑԾЬ

៾Ƕ(ϖ)ჹԾρޑՉࣁॄֹӄೢҺǶ(Ϥ)୍ܺख़ܭൔၿǶ(Ύ)Ԗ஑཰ޑԾݯიᡏǶ (Ζ)ᒥӺ஑཰উ౛ߞచ(Цҥ݇Ǵ2000)Ƕ଺ঁ஑཰ΓჴԖѸा٩ځ੝܄ௗڙ຾

অ܈Ԗ܌բࣁǶ

ऍ୯ Sergiovanni Ϸ Starratt ٿՏ௲௤ΨමࡰрǴ܌ᒏ஑཰Γ঩ࢂѸ໪ڀഢ ԖϤε੝ቻǺ(΋)Ꭶԋ௲ػ---ਔ໔Ϸϣ৒ሥࣁಎჴǶ(Β)੝ਸמૈ---Ѭࢂ΋ᅿ

஑཰܈ځдΓ঩܌҂ڀഢǶ(Ο)ଯࡋ۸၈---ჹځ஑཰ሦୱ୺๱۸၈Ƕ(Ѥ)୍ܺ

ߞۺ---ుڀ୍ܺε౲ϐߞۺǶ(ϖ)஑཰ԾЬ---ڀ஑཰ԾЬ܄Ƕ(Ϥ)ख़ຎ஑཰ԋ ߏᆶว৖฻ǶԶऍ୯௲ػڐ཮(Nation Education AssociationǹNEA)ܭ 1948 ԃ ҭࡰрǴ஑཰ೕྗӅԖΖ໨Ǻ(΋)ଯࡋޑЈඵࢲ୏(Β)੝ਸޑ஑཰ሦୱ(Ο)஑ߐ ޑᙍ཰૽ግ(Ѥ)όᘐޑӧᙍ຾অ(ϖ)ಖيޑ٣཰(Ϥ)Ծु஑ߐޑೕྗ(Ύ)୍ܺ

ޗ཮ࣁҞޑ(Ζ)଼ӄޑ஑཰ಔᙃ฻(஭႒൤Ǵ1996)Ƕ

ᆕӝ୯ϣ΋٤Ꮲޣޑ࣮ݤǴՖᅽҖᆶᛥྷҏ(1992)ࡰр௲ৣ஑཰ϯޑࡰ኱

ԖΎǺ(΋)஑཰૽ግ(Β)஑཰ඵૈ(Ο)஑཰ಔᙃ(Ѥ)஑཰উ౛(ϖ)஑཰ԾЬ(Ϥ)

஑཰୍ܺ(Ύ)஑཰ԋߏ฻ǶӚБᏢޣჹܭ஑཰ޑཀကԖ๱ӭϡޑ࣮ݤǴோᘜય ӚБ࣮ݤǴεठёах֖ΑΟε໨Ǻ஑཰ඵૈǵ஑཰ԾЬǵаϷ஑཰উ౛฻Ƕ ځύ஑཰ඵૈࢂ஑཰ԾЬᆶ஑཰উ౛ޑ୷ᘵǴ஑཰ԾЬࢂ৖౜஑཰ޕૈޑ΋ᅿ ޜ໔Ǵ஑཰ޕૈک஑཰ԾЬࢂሡा஑཰উ౛ޑЍ࡭ᆶྣ៝(ֆమξǴ1997)ǶӢ ԜǴவځ஑཰ޑ੝܄ٰ࣮ǴΥࢂ࿶ၸ΋ۓำׇϐ୻ᎦǴڀԖ΋ۓำࡋޑનᎦǴ Ԗ࣬྽ܴᡉޑ኱ྗᆶၗ਱ǴЪૈவ٣ࢌ΋੝܄πբޣࣣࢂᔈឦܭ஑཰Γ঩Ƕ΋

Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴ࣬ߞ཮೏ޗ཮ε౲යఈڀഢԖа΢ϐ΋٤੝܄Ƕ

ёаޭۓޑ㦏Ѵٽ௲ৣޑπբࢂ΋໨஑཰πբǴ௲ৣࣣᔈڀഢ΋٤فՅ ϐ੝܄ǶՋϡ 1966 ԃǴᖄӝ୯௲ࣽЎಔᙃ(UNESCO)මܭݤ୯ЃᎿє໒Ԗᜢ Ȩ௲ৣӦՏȩޑࣴ૸཮Ǵ཮঩୯೿ᝡ࣬ࢴ঩ୖуǴ཮ύமፓ௲ৣࢂ΋ᅿ஑཰Γ ωǶ௲Ꮲࢂ΋ᅿ୍ܺϦ౲٠Ъሡा஑ߐޕ᛽ᆶ੝ਸωૈޑπբǶԿԜǴ೭ࢂШ

ࣚӚ୯ಃ΋ԛዴᇡ௲ৣࢂԖځȨ஑཰ȩϐӦՏ(ՖᅽҖᆶᛥྷҏǴ1992)Ƕ΋Տ

౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴ൩ࢂᔈ၀ම࿶ௗڙၸᙍ߻௲ػᆶ૽ግǴڀഢΑ஑཰ၗ਱ޣٰ

ᏼҺၨࣁ፾ӝǶӢԜӧᏼҺ௲ᏢѴٽπբޑفՅ΢ǴѸۓԖځӅ೯ޑيϩǵΓ

਱Ϸ᛬ૈ΢ޑሡ؃܈੝܄Ƕ ΒǵѴٽ௲ৣᔈڀԖޑ஑཰ϣ఼

Ѵٽ௲ৣޑ஑཰ӦՏǴԾவѴ࿧௲ػݤܭ҇୯ΎΜԃϦթࡕǴΨ໒ۈڙ

(6)

ډޗ཮ӚࣚޑᜢݙǶа۳Ѵ࿧༜ϷԎٽ܌ޑ௲ᏢޣࣣᆀѴ௲ԴৣǴ҇୯ΖΜΟ ԃ௲ৣݤϦթࡕǴ௲ػ೽܌ᗄޑѴ࿧༜ϐ௲ৣ೏યӧ௲ৣݤϣǴ௨ନϣࡹ೽܌

ᗄޑԎٽ܌ǶӢԜǴѴ࿧༜္௲ᏢޣᆀȨѴٽ௲ৣȩǴࢂၨୃӛܭ௲ػޑБӛǴ ឦܭ௲ػ೽ՉࡹЬᆅޑ΋೽ҽǹԶӧԎٽ܌௲Ꮲޣ߾ᆀȨߥػ঩ȩǴࢂၨୃӛ ܭߥػБय़Ǵឦܭϣࡹ೽ٽֽูՉࡹ཰୍ޑጄൎǶࡐᡉฅޑǴࡹ۬ςעٿᅿڋ ࡋϣπբΓ঩ϐᆀڥᆶπբጄൎ๏ϒ୔႖ΑଆٰǶځჴǴႽӧम୯ǴҞ߻ςע Ѵٽޑ௲ػᆶߥػ฻ӕ࣮ࡑǴය໔٠ค୔ϩ(Evons, 2004)ǶӢԜԖ٤୯ৎǶႽ म୯฻٠҂ӵך୯΋ኬעѴٽ௲ߥΓ঩ǴϩϯࣁѴٽ௲ৣ܈Ѵٽߥػ঩ǶԶ಍

ᆀࣁѴٽ௲ৣ(early childhood teacher)Ǵӧৎ܈΋૓ᐒᄬྣ៝Ѵٽޑ߾ᆀࣁѴٽ

ྣ៝ޣ(caregiver; childminder)Ƕ

؇ᆧጪ(1994)ᇡࣁ௲ৣ஑཰ޑϣ఼ᔈх֖Ѥ೽ϩǺ(΋)௲Ꮲޕૈ---ٯӵᏢ ಞ୏ᐒޑᐟวᆶ௲ᏢБݤޑၮҔǶ(Β)੤ભ࿶ᔼ---ٯӵ๓Ҕ੤ભԾݯᆅ౛Ϸዛ ᚵচ౛ᆅ௲ᏢғǶ(Ο)ᏢғᇶᏤ---ٯӵΑှᏢғޑঁ܄ϷૈΚаᇶᏤځғࢲϷ ᏢಞǶ(Ѥ)Γሞྎ೯---ٯӵᆶৎߏǵӕϘǵᏢғࣗԿޗ཮Γγϐྎ೯௃׎Ƕ Gordon and Browne (1985)ࡰрǴѴٽ௲ߥΓ঩ӧ࠻ϣϷ࠻ѦࣣᔈڀԖځ஑཰ف ՅǶ࠻ϣӵᆶѴٽϕ୏ǵ੤ભ࿶ᔼǵૈࡌҥӳޑ਻ݗǹ࠻Ѧӵፐำ೛ीǵຑໆ इᒵǵୖᆶ཮᝼ǵԾᇙ௲ڀǵᒃৣྎ೯ǵځдفՅ฻ǶSaracho(1988)ᇡࣁѴٽ

௲ػΓ঩ޑ஑཰ᔈӧܭፐำीฝǵ௲ᏢಔᙃǵϷѴٽᇶᏤ฻ΟБय़ޑѳᑽჴ፬ ޣǶ໳דԋ(1995)ᇡࣁѴٽ௲ߥΓ঩Ԗځ୷ҁచҹᆶ஑཰చҹǶ୷ҁచҹࡰޑ

ࢂ଼ӄޑيЈǵལ཰ޑᆒઓǵଯۘޑሺ߄ǵ୍ܺޑᆒઓǵ҅ዴޑᢀۺǹ஑཰చ ҹࡰޑࢂ஑཰ޑޕ᛽ǵ஑཰ޑמૈǵ஑཰ޑ౛གྷ฻ǶCartwright (1999)ᇡࣁᓬ ذޑѴٽ௲ߥΓ঩ሡԖΜΒ໨஑཰ޑϣ఼ǶхࡴϣӧӼӄག(inner security)ǵ Ծך᝺ޕޑૈΚ(self-awareness)ǵ҅ޔ(integrity)ǵڀ౛ፕङඳ(a theoretical ground)ǵڀᕉნࣽᏢޗ୔ᆶѴٽਜᝤޑද೯ޕ᛽(general knowledge with an emphasis on environmental science, community, and young children’s books)ǵྕ

ཪϷ൧ལѴٽ(warmth and respect for the young child)ǵߞҺѴٽ(trust in the young child)ǵคచҹޑᜢང(unconditional caring)ǵޔ᝺Κ(intuition)ǵຬฅ࠼ᢀ (detachment)ǵઢ৒ᅈय़(laughter)ǵѴٽڂጄ฻(a model for young children)Ƕ௲ ػ೽(1994)මुԖȨѴ࿧༜௲ৣЋнȩǴнύೕጄѴ௲ԴৣᔈڀഢΟᅿ஑཰ϣ

఼Ǻ(΋)วච஑཰ඵૈ---ٯӵ 1.Αှ௲Ꮲޑচ౛کБݤǶ2.ΑှѴٽӚБय़ޑ ว৖௃׎Ƕ3.ૈၮҔ஑཰ޕ᛽೛ीکჴࡼፐำǶ4.ૈၮҔ஑཰ޕ᛽଺ӳ੤ભ࿶

ᔼǶ5. ૈၮҔ஑཰ޕ᛽଺ӳѴٽߥػکᇶᏤǶ(Β)୲Ӻ஑཰Γ঩ޑೕጄ---ٯӵ 1.୍ܺޑ౛གྷǶ2.࠼ᢀکϦ҅ޑᄊࡋǶ3.஑཰ၰቺ (Ο)ޚ࡭ᓬؼޑ஑཰ᆒઓǶ ΟǵѴٽ௲ৣޑفՅ੝܄

΋૓ᇥٰǴ؂ঁΓ٠ߚ೿፾ӝҺՖ΋ᅿᙍ൑πբǶ܌ᒏដႳξ݅ӚԖϺ

܄ǴӧШ΢؂ঁΓ೿Ԗځόӕޑঁ܄܈੝܄ǶԶޗ཮΢ޑӚՉӚ཰೿Ԗځ੝

ቻǴԖ࡛ኬޑՉ཰൩໪Ԗ࡛ኬ੝܄ޑΓٰவ٣ǶӢԜǴѴٽ௲ৣӧவ٣Ѵ௲π բਔǴΨεठሡाڀഢ΋٤ᙍ൑ޑૈΚ܈࣬ᔈޑفՅ੝܄Ƕ

׵ҭ༜ࡰр(1997)Ǵന߃ௗڙѴٽ௲ػπբ૽ግޑѝԖت܄௲ৣǴࡕٰᅽ

࿢نᅟ(F. Froebel)ว᝺ζ܄Кت܄׳፾ӝѴٽ௲ػπբǴӢࣁाکѴٽௗ᝻Ǵ २ӃѸ໪ाԖྕࢋޑЈ௃ᆶऐЈޑ੝܄ǴӢԜζ܄Кت܄׳፾ӝ೭ঁπբǶᅽ

࿢نᅟᇡࣁǴѴٽ௲ػπբёаᇥࢂζ܄ޑϺᙍǶӢࣁѴٽޑғࢲᆶჹѴٽޑ ངǵѴٽޑғڮᆶζ܄ޑЈǵаϷѴٽ௲ػ੝܄ᆶζ܄ऐЈǴҁٰ൩ࢂόૈϩ പޑ΋ᡏޑܿՋǶӧζ܄ޑངک҆܄ޑང္य़ǴωԖѴٽғࢲǴӕਔӧངៈѴ

(7)

ٽޑπբ྽ύǴωૈวචζ܄ޑҁ፦Ƕᚆ໒ѴٽޑғࢲǴ൩ؒԖζ܄ҁ፦ޑӸ ӧǴӕኬޑǴᚆ໒ζ܄ޑЈǴ൩όёૈԖѴٽғࢲޑӸӧǶ

ٗሶǴزഖ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣሡڀഢϙሶచҹǻCartwright ᇡࣁӳޑѴ

௲ৣৣᔈԖΜΒ໨చҹǴ૟ӈᖐᆶҁࣴزϐࣴزୢᚒԖᜢϐ໨ҞǴхࡴ(ᙯЇ Ծఉࣕ๮ǴคВය)Ǻ΋ǵϣӧӼӄག(inner security)ǺᏱԖϣӧӼӄགޑѴ௲ Դৣωૈ୼ᗉխҔ៾࠶஑ڋޑБԄٰᆅ௲ѴٽǴԶёа௲๏Ѵٽ፾྽ޑइࡓᆶ চ߾Ǵ٠ᔉளӧ፾྽ޑਔᐒႴᓰѴٽǶΒǵคచҹޑᜢང(Unconditional caring)Ǻ΋ঁӳޑѴ௲ԴৣᕕှӧᏢស߻ޑ໘ࢤǴѴٽࢂߚதሡाᜢᚶᆶݙཀ ޑǴӢԜǴдॺᜫཀ໼᠋Ǵ٠ЪЍ࡭ѴٽޑᏢಞᆶԋߏǶΟǵ៿ઢ(laughter)Ǻ ࡉᓨགᆶڀགࢉΚޑ៿ઢࢂӳޑѴ௲ԴৣόёલϿޑ੝፦ǶѤǵѴٽޑڂጄ(a model for children)ǺѴ௲Դৣ೯தࢂѴٽኳүᆶᏢಞޑჹຝǴԴৣޑΓ਱੝

፦ǴٯӵǺ϶๓ǵଯۘޑΓ਱ᆶғࢲύޑᑫ፪೿཮ቹᘂѴٽǶ

஭ᆧেӧځ܌๱բϐȨӵՖתᄽӳ௲ৣفՅȩ΋ਜύࡰрǴѴ࿧༜Դৣ

ϐ஑཰অᎦϷӺ߾ा؃(Չࡹଣമπہ঩཮ᙍ཰૽ግֽǴคВය)ǴӧΓ਱੝፦

΢ा൤ངЈǵऐЈǵೢҺЈǵቨ৒܄ǵӝբ܄ǵቸ܄ǵࡉᓨ܄਱ǵ኷ᢀǵ൤ബ

೷Κǵᢀჸǵ౛ှ฻ǹӧᇶᏤૈΚ΢߾ा഻ང٠൧ख़ѴٽǵܰᆶΓࡌҥؼӳᜢ

߯Ǵૈᆶৎߏྎ೯ǴᇶᏤѴٽՉࣁୢᚒǶ

Cartwrightᆶ஭ᆧেჹӳޑѴ௲ԴৣޑЬ஭Ǵᗦ֖๱ӳޑѴ௲ԴৣѸሡᗉ խ஑ڋ៾࠶Ǵ٠ЪाᜢངϷ഻ངѴٽǴঁΓ߾ѸሡԖࡉᓨགЪ϶๓ǵڀؼӳޑ Γሞᜢ߯Ƕ

аѴٽၯᔍ௲ᏢрӜޑᅽ࿢نᅟΨමமፓȨࡺ٣ȩჹѴٽޑख़ा܄ǴѴ ٽޑё༟܄ཱུኳү܄ߚதமǴऩԖ΋٤࿶ᡍ܈ࡺ٣ᇥ๏Ѵٽ᠋ǴѴٽࡐ৒ܰע

ࡺ٣܈࿶ᡍԾฅᑼΕܭځВதғࢲύǴӢԜѴ௲ԴৣȨᇥࡺ٣ȩޑמѯ܈ૈΚ ൩ᡉளߚதϐख़ाǶ໳᜽ስ(2004)ჹ΋ՏѴ௲ৣගܹԾي஥ሦიᡏ૸ፕמѯϐ Չ୏ࣴزࡌ᝼ǴѴ௲Դৣӭ٬Ҕࡉᓨޑα֍ǵᢌऍޑᇟѡǴёബ೷੤ભύؼӳ ޑѴ࿧༜იᡏ૸ፕ௃ნǶٯӵǴ௲ৣӧᇥࡺ٣ਔǴኳᔕࡺ٣ЬفޑᖂॣǴҁي ൩ڀԖཥᗲགک፪ښ܄Ǵ೭ځჴΨࢂၮҔᖂॣޑᡂϯ…܈ࢂၠ஭ᄽрࡺ٣ύΓ ނޑ߄௃ک୏բǴΨૈᇙ೷΋٤ᇸ᚞Ԗ፪ޑ਻ݗǴѴٽ۳۳ࠖࠖεઢ(ᒘऍᆺǴ 2001)Ƕֆ܍࣑(2000)ޑࣴزҭࡰрǴ௲ৣаଯϸᔈᆶଯा؃ǵȨ໒ܴ៾࠶ȩǵ Ȩቨ᚞ܫҺȩޑᆅ௲БԄჹѴٽϐޗ཮Չࣁቹៜၨ٫ǶѴٽޑՉࣁёаӧВத ғࢲύǴёаόޕό᝺Ӧڙډ҅य़ޑቹៜǶ

ନΑ Cartwright ᆶ஭ᆧেٿΓޑ࣮ݤѦǴ݅ࡾ֮(2004)ޑࣴزࡰрǴѴٽ

௲ৣᗋᔈڀഢѴ௲஑཰ޕ᛽ǵ௲ᏢૈΚکྎ೯฻ૈΚΎᜪ஑཰ޕૈǶѴٽ௲ৣ

௲Ꮲᚆό໒ৎߏޑයఈǴᗛᄪύ(2003)ޑࣴزߡࡰрǴѴ௲ౢ཰ϐ੃຤ޣख़ຎ ϐाનаৣၗǵ௲ػϷߥػϣ৒฻ࣁЬǴёـѴٽР҆ࡐख़ຎѴ࿧༜ޑ௲ৣৣ

ၗǶ

ٯӵৎߏӧऍᇟৣၗޑᒧ᏷Бय़Ǵε೽ҽৎߏЈҞύޑѴٽऍᇟ௲ৣࠠ

ᄊࣁύѦᝤ௲ৣ፺ࢬ΢ፐǴჹ௲ৣޑයఈа৒ܰک࠸ηྎ೯ϷԖᙦ൤ޑऍᇟ௲ Ꮲ࿶ᡍࣁЬा(ጰᒶᐇǴ2001)ǶόၸǴҭԖѴ௲ᏢޣЬ஭Ǵ཮ᇥमᇟޑԴৣό

฻ܭ஑཰Ѵ௲ԴৣǴӳޑ஑཰Ѵ௲ԴৣК཮ᇥमᇟޑԴৣჹ࠸η׳Ԗᔅշ(ጰ

ࡾऍǴ2004)Ƕᗨฅৎߏࡐख़ຎमᇟ௲ৣǴฅԶ௲ػ೽ࢂܴзѴ࿧༜όૈ௲௤

मᇟǴ܈ငፎѦᝤΓ঩ᏼҺमᇟ௲ৣǶӢԜǴѴٽৎߏჹѴٽ௲ৣޑفՅයࡑǴ

܈೚ᆶ୯ৎࡹ฼ϐයࡑԖ΋٤ৡຯǶ

ৎߏӧཀ࠸ηޑᝡݾΚόѝӧ୯ሞᇟЎǴᗋԖω᛬΢Ƕࣴز׳ࡰрȨᆸ ᗂၯᔍፐำȩԖշܭᏢស߻ٽูബ೷Κϐว৖(׵๐޹Ǵ2003)ǶӢԜǴؼӳѴ

(8)

ৣᡏ౜ӧ௲Ꮲࠔ፦΢ǴࢂցᔈڀഢᆸᗂૈΚΨ৮ஒڙډٰԾৎߏයఈޑᓸΚǶ ӧॣ኷ፐำ΢Ǵ΋૓Ѵ௲௲ৣ(ନΑමௗڙၸߏයޑॣ኷஑཰૽ግϐ௲ৣ)ؒԾ ߞ܈ؒᑫ፪ᒃԾ೛ीॣ኷ፐำᆶ຾Չ௲ᏢǴаϷ֝໔ॣ኷௲ᏢύЈޑ௲ৣځ஑

཰ૈΚၨૈᕇளৎߏޑᇡӕǶଞჹ೭٤ӢનǴ୯ϣѦᏢޣ΋ӆӦڥᢣᆶࡌ᝼Ǵ Ѵٽ௲ৣόሡाࢂॣ኷஑ৎΨૈගٮѴٽᙦ൤ᆶӭϡޑॣ኷࿶ᡍǴᜢᗖӧܭ௲

ৣࢂցᜫཀ׫ΕᆶᏢಞǹҭջғ୏ࢲዃޑ௲ᏢБݤКॣ኷מѯ׳ૈЇሦѴٽޑ

ॣ኷Ꮲಞ(ߋᏫඁǴ2003)Ƕ

ന߈ޑࣴزᗋࡰрǴ௲ৣঁΓޑԃសǵԃၗǵஆ࠷ރݩǵঁΓ੝፦ǵ஑

཰ङඳ฻Ǵ֡཮ቹៜ௲Ꮲࠔ፦Ƕ஭ᆢॳ(2004)ޑࣴزࡰрǴȨ௲ৣԃសȩǵȨ௲

ৣҺ௲ԃၗȩϷȨঋҺՉࡹᙍ୍ȩ฻ǴჹѴԎ༜܌௲ৣ௲Ꮲਏૈၲᡉ๱ቹៜǶ ቅల໥(2003)ΨࡰрǴፐࡕԎػ௲ৣޑᏢᐕǵԃၗǵஆ࠷೷ԋ᏾ᡏ௲ৣਏૈϐ ৡ౦Ƕ݅٫ᆺ(2002)ޑࣴز߾ᡉҢǴ܄ձǵஆ࠷ރݩکԃស֡཮ჹѴٽ௲ৣޑ πբᓸΚ೷ԋቹៜǶаѴٽӼӄ௲ػࣁٯǴഋ߷⣬(2003)ࡰрǴ௲ߥΓ঩Ѵٽ Ӽӄ௲ػߞۺڙঁΓ੝፦Ϸ஑཰ङඳቹៜǴ຾Զቹៜ௲ߥπբǵ௲ߥΓ঩ف ՅǵፐำǵѴٽفՅ฻ǴӢԜ௲ߥΓ঩ሡाऐЈаࡰᏤѴٽᗉ໒Ӓᓀǹ೚ӭࣴ

زࡰрǴόӕԃសϐ௲ߥΓ঩ѴٽӼӄ௲ػߞۺԖᡉ๱ৡ౦ǶӧԜΞᇥܴΑѴ

ৣޑԃសکঁΓ੝፦ჹ௲ᏢπբԖቹៜǴԜѦΨᗺр௲ৣ௲ػߞۺޑख़ा܄Ƕ ቅᯧ⣬(2004)ࡰрǴ௲ৣޑ௲ػߞۺ཮ቹៜ௲ৣӧ௲ᏢၸำύޑࡘԵǵղ ᘐک،ۓǴΨቹៜ๱௲ৣޑঁΓՉࣁǶԶቹៜ௲ػߞۺ׎ԋޑӢનхࡴӃഢ࿶

ᡍکᎦԋ࿶ᡍϷঁΓӢનǺ܄ձǵϷঁΓ੝፦ǶԶቹៜ௲ػߞۺᙯϯޑӢનЬ

ाёᘜયԖ܄ձϷঁΓ੝፦ޑঁΓӢનǹϷ௲Ꮲ࿶ᡍ฻ޑᙍ൑Ӣન฻Ƕ ᆕ΢Ў᝘܌ॊǴ΋૓ჹѴٽ௲ৣفՅϐයఈǴӧܭаζ܄ࣁЬǴڀࡉᓨ གᆶؼӳΓሞᜢ߯Ǵྕکόाϼၸᝄ቉ǴЪा഻៿Ѵٽǹڀഢᇥࡺ٣ǵၢᆸǵ ୠᄺቸถǵमᇟ฻ૈΚǴ߾ϸᔈӧৎߏޑයࡑکፐำޑा؃΢ǹԶѴ௲Դৣޑ ԃសǵςஆᆶց฻Ǵ߾Ψஒቹៜ௲ᏢਏૈǶҁࣴز߾ஒଞჹѴ௲࣬ᜢΓ঩ϷѴ ٽৎߏǴჹѴٽ௲ৣϐ܄ձǵԃសǵ่ஆᆶցǵғػᆶցǵΓጔǵࡉᓨགǵᝄ

቉ᆶցǵऐЈᆶցǴаϷቸถǵᇥࡺ٣ǵୠᄺǵၢᆸکᛤฝૈΚϐ࣮ݤǴ຾Չ Ѵٽ௲ৣفՅයఈϐࣴزǶ

ୖǵʳ ୖǵࣴز೛ीᆶჴࡼ

΋ǵࣴزࢎᄬ

ҁࣴزЬԑӧ௖૸Ѵ௲سᏢғǵ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣǵаϷѴ࿧༜ѴٽৎߏǴ ӧӴॺޑЈҞύǴයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ࿧༜௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢব٤੝܄ǻҁЎ܌٬

ҔޑࣴزБݤǴપᆐࢂаୢڔፓࢗݤࣁЬǴճҔԾጓޑୢڔǴፓࢗӴ(д)ॺჹ ܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ࿧༜௲ৣǴ܌යఈޑفՅᔈԖব٤੝܄Ƕځࣴزࢎᄬӵკ 1Ƕ Βǵኬҁᒧڗ

ҁЎЬाޑࣴزБӛǴӧ௖؃Ѵ௲سᏢғǵ౜ᙍޑѴ௲ԴৣǵаϷѴٽ ৎߏǴჹܭ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣޑفՅයఈӵՖǶ౛ᔈаӚৣ୻εᏢѴ௲س܈Ѵ࿧

༜ৣၗᙍ߻௲ػፐำ੤ޑӕᏢǵӄᡏ౜ᙍѴٽ௲ৣǵаϷѴٽৎߏࣁࣴز҆

ဂǴவύܜኬፓࢗǶՠࢂҗܭࣴزޑਔ໔ǵᆒΚԖज़ǴӢԜΏаനБߡڗளϐ ٥ࢪεᏢѴٽ௲ػᏢسΒԃભᏢғ(Ҟ߻ࣁѴ௲سനଯԃભ)ࣁኬҁǹӧ౜ᙍ௲

ৣБय़Ǵ߾аѠύѱࢌޕӜѴ࿧༜ޑ௲ৣࣁፓࢗჹຝǹаϷ൩᠐၀Ѵ࿧༜ޑѴ

(9)

ٽৎߏࣁЬाፓࢗኬҁǶঁΓϐ܌а཮٬Ҕ٥ࢪεᏢѴ௲سΒԃભᏢғǴനЬ

ाচӢࢂҞ߻٥ࢪѴ௲سനଯԃભࣁεΒᏢғǴ΋ԃӭٰǴჹܭѴ௲౛ፕᆶπ բςԖ߃؁ޑᡏᇡǴԿϿКε΋ޑᏢғჹѴ࿧༜ޑ௲ৣᇡ᛽ाٰளుΕǴԶЪ ӧբୢڔፓࢗਔၨࣁБߡǶځᎩӧᙍѴ௲ԴৣᆶѴٽৎߏǴջаҁسԴৣৎύ

܌໒೛ޑѴ࿧༜ࣁୢڔჹຝǴځೕኳεԶЪԴৣ߈ԭΓǴৎߏ߾߈ΟǵѤԭΓǴ ݩЪԖӕ٣൩߈ڐշୢڔǶӢԜǴ൩ᒧۓ၀Ѵ࿧༜ࣁբୢڔፓࢗϐჹຝǶ

Ӣࣁҁࣴزࢂ၂௖܄ϐբࠔǴ܌аኬҁόӭǶӝीวрୢڔӧѴ௲سࣁ 95ΓǴӧᙍѴ௲Դৣ 90 ΓǴѴٽৎߏ 80 ΓǶୢڔନ٥ࢪεᏢѴ௲سፓࢗ೽

ϩǴࢂҗբޣᒃԾډ൑ϒаჴࡼѦǴځᎩӧᙍѴ௲ԴৣᆶѴٽৎߏ೽ҽϐፓ

ࢗǴ߾ፎҁس؇࣓֮Դৣжࣁೀ౛ǶঁΓೀ౛೽ҽǴวрୢڔ 95 ҽǴӣԏ 95 ҽǴՠёҔڔ 90 ҽǹ؇Դৣڐշޑୢڔ೽ϩǴӅวр 170 ҽǴӣԏ 165 ҽǴ Ԗਏୢڔ 157 ҽǶӢԜӄ೽ୢڔϐӣԏ౗ࣁԭϩϐΐΖǴՠࢂ྽ୢڔ࿶᏾౛಍

ीਔǴว౜Ѵ௲سԖϖ஭ǴӧᙍѴ௲ԴৣԖѤ஭ǴѴٽৎߏ೽ϩΨԖѤ஭όૈ

٬ҔǴόૈ٬Ҕ೽ϩӄኧӅԖΜΟ஭Ǵӄ೽ࣣ๏ϒকନԶѝഭΠӵ߄ 2 ޑԖਏ ኬҁǴх֖Ѵ௲ᡏسޣ 90 ΓǴ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣ 82 ΓǴаϷѴٽৎߏ 75 ΓǴӝ

ीӅԖ 247 ΓǶ

კ 1 ࣴزࢎᄬკǶ

߄ 2 Ԗਏኬҁ

ᜪձ ঁኧ ޔՉ%

Ѵ௲سᏢғ 90 36.44%

౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣ 82 33.20%

Ѵٽৎߏ 75 30.36%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

Ў᝘௖૸

ୢڔ!

ፓࢗ!

يϩ੝፦Ǻ!

܄ձǵԃសǵஆ࠷ǵηζԖค!

Γ਱੝፦Ǻ!

Γጔǵࡉᓨǵᝄ቉ǵऐЈ!

୷ҁૈΚǺ!

ቸถǵᇥࡺ٣ǵୠᄺǵၢᆸǵᛤฝ

SPSS 10.0

঺း೬ ᡏ಍ी

ፕЎ!

ኗቪ!

౛གྷ ޑѴ ٽ௲

ৣ!

Ѵٽ௲

ৣᔈڀ Ԗޑ஑

཰ϣ఼!

Ѵٽ௲

ৣޑف Յ੝܄!

(10)

Οǵࣴزπڀ

ҁࣴزޑπڀࣁ΋ҽԾጓޑୢڔǴϣ৒ନΑ༤ቪޣϐङඳᡂ໨ѦǴനЬ

ाޑፓࢗϣ৒ԖΟεᜪǴӅ 22 ᚒǴ၀ୢڔϣ৒ନࣁঁΓѳВ΢ፐǴᏢғϐᅪ

ୢѦǴࣣᆶѴٽ௲ߥჴ୍πբΓ঩૸ፕၸǴڀԖϣ৒ਏࡋǶᚒҞᏤӛϩԋΟε ᜪǺ(΋)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐفՅǴᔈ၀ڀԖޑيϩ੝܄ࢂϙሶǻٯӵǴ܄ձǵ ԃសǵஆ࠷ǵηζԖค฻Ƕ(Β)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐفՅǴᔈ၀ڀԖޑΓ਱੝܄

ࢂϙሶǻٯӵǴΓጔǵࡉᓨǵᝄ቉ǵऐЈ฻Ƕ(Ο)౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐفՅǴᔈ ၀ڀԖޑ᛬ૈ੝܄ࢂϙሶǻٯӵǴቸถǵᇥࡺ٣ǵୠᄺǵၢᆸǵᛤฝ฻ǶନԜǴ നࡕ΋ᚒપᆐࢂፎڙ၂ޣǴ༤рԾρᇡࣁ܈යఈന፾ӝޑᏼҺѴ௲Դৣϐԃស ᔈ၀ࢂ൳ྃǻ

Ѥǵၗ਑ೀ౛

܌Ԗୢڔ᏾౛ӳࡕǴ೸ၸ SPSS ঺း೬ᡏำԄϒа಍ीǶҁၗ਑ޑΟᜪ੝

܄ࣴزୢᚒǴаඔॊ܄಍ी؃рӚڙ၂ޣӧӚᡂ໨ΓኧύǴ܌ӣเޑΓኧᆶځ ჹ၀ᡂ໨ϐԭϩК௃׎Ƕฅࡕӆаኬҁϐङඳᡂ໨ǴаځΟᅿيϩࣁᡂ໨Ǵᆶ

߻Οεᜪ੝܄ୢᚒ΋΋аьБᔠۓБݤǴᔠᡍځङඳᡂ໨܌යఈޑӚᅿ੝܄ࢂ

ցԖ܌όӕǴӵԖόӕࢂցၲډᡉ๱܄ৡ౦ǶҭջаьБᔠۓीᆉрڙ၂ޣӧ Ӛᡂ໨ύ܌ӣเޑϣ৒ǴࢂցӢङඳᡂ໨ϐόӕԶԖᡉ๱ৡ౦ϐӸӧǻ

စǵʳ่݀ϩ݋ᆶ૸ፕ

ҁፕЎ܌టှเޑࣴزୢᚒӅԖΟ໨Ǵ΋ࣁڙ၂ޣයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ

௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢԖব٤يϩ੝܄ǴԶځයఈࢂց཮ڙڙ၂ޣङඳᡂ໨ޑόӕǴ Ԗᡉ๱ޑৡ౦ӸӧǹΒࣁڙ၂ޣයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢԖব٤Γ

਱੝܄ǴԶځයఈࢂց཮ڙڙ၂ޣङඳᡂ໨ޑόӕǴԖᡉ๱ޑৡ౦ӸӧǹΟࣁ ڙ၂ޣයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢԖব٤᛬ૈ੝܄Ǵځයఈࢂց཮ڙ ၂ޣङඳᡂ໨ޑόӕǴԖᡉ๱ޑৡ౦ӸӧǶ܌Ԗ࿶ፓࢗୢڔࡕޑၗ਑Ǵࣣϒа ճҔ SPSS 10 ঺း೬ᡏำԄ಍ीǶ૟ஒԜԛୢڔፓࢗ܌ᕇளޑ୷ҁၗ਑և౜ӵ ߄ 3Ǵௗ๱ϩձ൩΢य़Οঁୢᚒϐࣴز่݀ϩ݋ᆶ૸ፕܭΠǶ

߄ 3 ࣁڙ၂ޣϐ୷ҁၗ਑ǴᇥܴΑڙ၂ޣޑΓኧǴӧځϤঁڙ၂ޣޑᡂ

໨ύǴᡉ౜р؂ᅿᡂ勪ޑΓኧϷځ܌эޑԭϩКǶٯӵԜԛޑڙ၂ޣύǴځԖ ਏୢڔѴ௲ᡏسޣэΑ 36.44%Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣэΑ 33.20%ǴѴٽৎߏ߾՞Α 30.36%Ƕ

ҁԛϐፓࢗࣴزǴаڙ၂ޣϐङඳࣁԾᡂ໨ǴӚيҽǵΓ਱Ϸ᛬ૈ฻੝

܄ࣁ٩ᡂ໨Ƕҁᔕև౜рӚ໨಍ीໆ٠ϒа૸ፕǴՠҗܭ಍ीၗ਑ࣗࣁᚳεǴ ӄ೽ၗ਑ၲ 143 ।ǶӢԜǴҁ࿯ѝਥᏵيҽձǴҭջѝਥᏵΟᜪڙ၂Γ঩ǺѴ

௲سᏢғǵ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣǵаϷѴٽৎߏ฻Οᅿڙ၂Γ঩Ǵӧୢڔፓࢗࡕ܌ी

ᆉрޑၗ਑ϒаϩ݋Ƕ

΋ǵڙ၂Γ঩ჹ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑيϩ੝܄

၀໨ୢᚒ܌ࡰޑيϩ੝܄ӅԖѤ໨Ǵх֖(΋)܄ձǵ(Β)ԃសǵ(Ο)ஆ࠷ǵ (Ѥ)ηζ฻Ƕҁ࿯ӧ௖૸ڙ၂Γ঩යఈ΋Տ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢব٤يϩ

΢ޑ੝܄ǶٯӵǴ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧ܄ձ΢ࢂցᔈࣁζ܄ၨࣁ౛གྷǴӧ

(11)

ԃស΢ࢂցၨԃᇸޣၨࣁ౛གྷǴӧஆ࠷΢ࢂցς่ஆޣၨࣁ౛གྷǴ܈ޣӧηζ

΢ǴағԖηζޣၨࣁ౛གྷǶ࿶಍ीࡕǴҗܭ಍ीၗ਑ଯၲ 143 ।ϐӭǴࣁ࿯

࣪ጇ൯Ǵᔕѝଞჹڙ၂ޣϐΟᅿيҽձ΢܌ளၗ਑ϩ݋Ƕ಍ी߄ύऩว౜Ԗ P<0.05ޣǴջ߄ҢӚᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ϐයఈၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕऩ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵջ߄Ң Οᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ޑ࣮ݤεठ࣬ӕǴځьБᔠۓ߄߾όϒаӈрǶ

߄ 3 ڙ၂ޣ୷ҁၗ਑

໨Ҟ ঁኧ ޔՉ%

Ѵ௲سᏢғ 90 36.44%

౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣ 82 33.20%

يϩ

Ѵٽৎߏ 75 30.36%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

0ԃ 146 59.11%

ϖԃ܈҂ᅈ 72 29.15%

ԃၗ

ϖԃа΢ 29 11.74%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

20ྃаΠ 62 25.10%

20(а΢)-30 ྃ 110 44.53%

ԃស

30ྃа΢ 75 30.36%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

҂ஆ 150 60.73%

ஆ࠷ ςஆ 97 39.27%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

ηζ ค 146 59.11%

Ԗ 101 40.89%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

Ꮲᐕ ଯύ܈аΠ 33 13.36%

ε஑܈а΢ 214 86.64%

ᕴک 247 100.00%

(΋)܄ձ΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑفՅȨ܄ձȩǴӧيҽձϐङ ඳᡂ໨΢࿶ьБᔠᡍࡕǴว౜ჹܭѴ௲ԴৣޑȨ܄ձȩයఈ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

ӵ߄ 4 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑ܄ձ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦܄

(P<0.01)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂȨζ܄ȩޑǴаѴٽৎߏϣ೽܌՞

ޑКٯനଯ(76.0%)Ǵ౜ᙍޑѴ௲Դৣԛϐ(64.6%)ǴԶѴ௲سᏢғҭэъኧа

΢(53.3%)ǶёـৎߏکѴ௲πբΓ঩ϐයఈࢂԖပৡǶѴٽৎߏനයఈѴ௲ ԴৣаȨζ܄ȩࣁ٫ǴЀॶளݙཀޣǴаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲ԴৣȨζޑၨ፾

ӝȩ܌՞ޑԭϩКຬၸϤԋǴԶၲ 64.0%ǴؒԖཀـޑၲ 25.5%ǴԶϝฅԖ 10.5%

ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂζޑǶёаགྷـǴᙍ൑܈੃຤ޣ(Ѵٽ ৎߏ)යఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈаζ܄ၨࣁ፾ӝǴՠҞ߻҅ӧௗڙѴ௲ᙍ߻

ৣၗፐำޑѴ௲سᏢғǴځᜅԋޑКٯᗨฅനեǴёࢂΨၲъኧа΢Ǵ㨭ளᜢ ݙǶ

(Β)ԃស΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑԃសރݩǴӧيҽձङඳᡂ໨

΢࿶ьБᔠᡍࡕǴౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

(12)

߄ 4 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣࢂζޑၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

Ѵ௲سᏢғ ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣ Ѵٽৎߏ ᕴک

ঁኧ 48 53 57 158

Ѵ௲Դৣࢂζޑၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 30.4% 33.5% 36.1% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 53.3% 64.4% 76.0% 64.0%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 19.4% 21.5% 23.1% 64.0%

ঁኧ 25 23 15 63

Ѵ௲Դৣࢂζޑၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 39.7% 36.5% 23.8% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 27.8% 28.0% 20.0% 25.5%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 10.1% 9.3% 6.1% 25.5%

ঁኧ 17 6 3 26

Ѵ௲Դৣࢂζޑၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 65.4% 23.1% 11.5% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 18.9% 7.3% 4.0% 10.5%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ

ࢂ ζ ޑ

ၨ

፾

ӝ όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 6.9% 2.4% 1.2% 10.5%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

Ѵ௲Դৣࢂζޑၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ኧॶ Ծҗࡋ ᅌ߈ᡉ๱܄(ᚈ׀)

PearsonьБ 14.392^a 4 .006

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 14.345 4 .006

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 12.712 1 .000

Ԗਏᢀჸॶޑঁኧ 247

a. 0਱(.0%)ޑႣයঁኧϿܭ 5ǶനλޑႣයঁኧࣁ 7.89Ƕ

߄ 5 يҽձόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣཇԃᇸཇ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 31 9 15 55

Ѵ௲Դৣཇԃᇸཇ፾ӝϣޑ% 56.4% 16.4% 27.3% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 34.4% 11.0% 20.0% 22.3%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 12.6% 3.6% 6.1% 22.3%

ঁኧ 25 24 28 77

Ѵ௲Դৣཇԃᇸཇ፾ӝϣޑ% 32.5% 31.2% 36.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 27.8% 29.3% 37.3% 31.2%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 10.1% 9.7% 11.3% 31.2%

ঁኧ 34 49 32 115

Ѵ௲Դৣཇԃᇸཇ፾ӝϣޑ% 29.6% 42.6% 27.8% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 37.8% 59.8% 42.7% 46.6%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ཇ ԃ ᇸ ཇ

፾

ӝ όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 13.8% 19.8% 13.0% 46.6%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

Ѵ௲Դৣཇԃᇸཇ፾ӝϣޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 17.050 4 .002

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 3.003 1 .083

(13)

ӵ߄ 5 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑԃស΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦܄

(P<0.01)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂȨԃᇸȩޑǴаѴ௲سᏢғϣ೽܌

՞ޑКٯനଯ(34.40%)ǴѴٽৎߏϣ೽܌՞ޑКٯԛϐ(20.0%)ǴԶ౜ᙍޑѴ௲ ԴৣΞԛϐ(11.0%)Ƕӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋޑКٯ໻՞ 22.3%ԶςǴϸԶόᜅԋ܌՞

ޑКٯࠅԖௗ߈ϖԋϐКٯ(46.6%)Ƕёـයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣϐԃសԃ ᇸ΢ǴѝԖΒԋӭǴڙ၂ޣ٠҂ӭ܌மፓ౛གྷѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂԃᇸޑǶ

ӧୢڔύǴךॺΨ໩ߡፎڙ၂ޣ༤рന፾ӝѴ௲ԴৣޑԃសǴ่݀Ԗа Π߄ 6 ޑ಍ीໆǶ࿶ьБԵᡍǴၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵ߄Ңڙ၂ޣيҽձޑόӕǴځ࣮

ݤό΋ठԶԖᡉ๱ပৡǶЬ஭ 25 ྃаΠၨ፾ӝޣǴӄᡏڙ၂ޣэ 7.3%ǶЬ஭

26-35ྃޣэ 83.8%നӭǴԶ 36-45 ྃޣэ 8.9%ǶаӚيҽձٰᇥǴѴ௲سᏢ ғϣ೽Кٯၨӭ໼ӛܭ 26-35 ྃ(76.7%)Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣϣ೽КٯΨၨӭߙ࿍ܭ 26-35ྃ(85.4%)ǴѴٽৎߏϣ೽Кٯҭၨӭ໼ӛܭ 26-35 ྃ(90.7%)ǶҗԜёـǴ ᆶѴٽ௲ػԖᜢޑΓ঩Ǵ΋૓ᇡࣁ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣεठ 26-35 ྃ໔ǶऩԜ࣮ݤ

ࢂ੿Ǵ߾Ѵ௲Դৣ৾ډӝ਱᛾ਔεऊ 23 ྃǴځ౛གྷޑ୍ܺਔ໔൩ࢂӧ 2 ԃࡕ ޔډ 12 ԃǶ

߄ 6 يҽձόӕޑڙ၂ޣᇡࣁ፾ӝѴ௲ԴৣޑྃኧϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 12 5 1 18

ாᇡࣁന፾ӝޑѴ௲Դৣࢂ൳

ྃϣޑ%

66.7% 27.8% 5.6% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 13.3% 6.1% 1.3% 7.3%

25 ྃ аΠ

ᕴکޑ% 4.9% 2.0% 0.4% 7.3%

ঁኧ 69 70 68 207

ྃϣޑ%

33.3% 33.8% 32.9% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 76.7% 85.4% 90.7% 83.8%

26-35

ྃ

ᕴکޑ% 27.9% 28.3% 27.5% 83.8%

ঁኧ 9 7 6 22

ྃϣޑ%

40.9% 31.8% 27.3% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 10.0% 8.5% 8.0% 8.9%

ா ᇡ ࣁ ന

፾ ӝ ޑ Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ

ࢂ

൳

ྃ 36-45

ྃ

ᕴکޑ% 3.6% 2.8% 2.4% 8.9%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

ྃϣޑ%

36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 10.517 4 .033

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 2.551 1 .110

(14)

(Ο)ஆ࠷΢ޑයఈ

ӵ߄ 7 ࣁڙ၂ޣيҽձޑόӕǴӧᜅԋ܈όᜅԋѴ௲ԴৣࢂցȨςஆޣȩ

ၨ፾ӝ΢Ǵ҂ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦܄(P<0.071)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂȨς ஆޣȩޑǴڙ၂ޣύѴ௲سᏢғϣ೽Ԗ 30.0%Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣԖ 20.7%ǴѴٽ ৎߏ߾Ԗ 34.7%ǶаᕴᡏٰᇥǴڙ၂ޣԖ 28.3%ᜅԋǴ17.0%όᜅԋǴՠࠅԖ 54.7%ຬၸ΋ъа΢ޣؒཀـǶёـ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣǴࢂցаȨςஆޣȩ

ၨ፾ӝǴ҂Ԗ੝ձँрኧໆޑᜅԋǴϸԶԖၸъኧޑڙ၂ޣ҂߄Ңᜅԋᆶցϐ ཀـǶ

߄ 7 يҽձόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣςஆޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 27 17 26 70

Ѵ௲Դৣςஆޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 38.6% 24.3% 37.1% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 30.0% 20.7% 34.7% 28.3%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 10.9% 6.9% 10.5% 28.3%

ঁኧ 45 47 43 135

Ѵ௲Դৣςஆޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 33.3% 34.8% 31.9% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 50.0% 57.3% 57.3% 54.7%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 18.2% 19.0% 17.4% 54.7%

ঁኧ 18 18 6 42

Ѵ௲Դৣςஆޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 42.9% 42.9% 14.3% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 20.0% 22.0% 8.0% 17.0%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ς ஆ ޣ

ၨ

፾

ӝ όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 7.3% 7.3% 2.4% 17.0%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

Ѵ௲Դৣςஆޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

(Ѥ)ηζ΢ޑයఈ

࿶ьБᔠۓ่݀Ǵيҽձόӕޑڙ၂ޣǴჹܭȨයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲

ৣࢂցаᏱԖηζޣၨ౛གྷȩ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵ೭΋ᗺᡉҢрǴ܌Ԗڙ၂ޣǴӧ යఈ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣࢂցᔈᏱԖηζၨ፾ӝ΢Ǵᜅԋᆶցޑ΋ठ܄ࡐଯǴ҂Ԗ ϼӭޑᡉ๱ৡ౦ӸӧǶܰقϐǴ܌Ԗڙ၂ޣǴჹܭȨයఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ

ࢂցаᏱԖηζޣၨ౛གྷȩޑ࣮ݤ࣬྽΋ठǴ҂ԖϼँрޑཀـǶӵ߄ 8 يҽ ձόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲ԴৣᏱԖηζၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓǶѴ௲ سᏢғϣ೽ᜅԋޣ 41.1%Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣ 31.7%ǴѴٽৎߏ 37.3%Ƕϩձ՞ӄ ᡏޑ 15.0%ǵ10.5%ǵϷ 11.3%ǴΟޣКٯεठ࣬ӕǶᗨฅӄᡏԖ 36.8%ޑᜅԋǴ ՠؒཀـޑࠅၲ൳Я΋ъ(49.4%)ǶᡉـѴ௲ԴৣࢂցᔈԖηζǴ҂ϒа੝ձ மፓޣǶ

Βǵڙ၂Γ঩ჹ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑΓ਱੝܄

၀໨ୢᚒ܌ࡰޑΓ਱੝܄ӅԖѤ໨Ǵх֖(΋)Γጔǵ(Β)ࡉᓨǵ(Ο)ᝄ቉ǵ (Ѥ)ऐЈ฻Ƕҁ࿯ӧ௖૸ڙ၂Γ঩යఈ΋Տ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣǴᔈ၀ڀഢব٤Γ਱

΢ޑ੝܄ǶٯӵǴ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧΓ਱΢ࢂցᔈ၀ڀԖΓጔၨࣁ౛གྷǴ ӧᇥ၉΢ࢂցᔈૈࡉᓨޣၨࣁ౛གྷǴӧᄊࡋ΢ࢂցᔈᝄ቉ޣၨࣁ౛གྷǴ܈ޣӧ ҔЈ΢ǴаૈԖऐ܄ޣၨࣁ౛གྷǶ࿶಍ीࡕǴҗܭ಍ीၗ਑ଯၲ 143 ।ϐӭǴ ࣁ࿯࣪ጇ൯Ǵᔕѝଞჹڙ၂ޣϐΟᅿيҽձ΢܌ளၗ਑ϩ݋Ƕ಍ी߄ύऩว౜

(15)

Ԗ P<0.05 ޣǴջ߄ҢӚᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ϐයఈၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕऩ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵջ ߄ҢΟᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ޑ࣮ݤεठ࣬ӕǴځьБᔠۓ߄߾όϒаӈрǶ

(΋)Γጔ΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨԖΓጔȩǴӧङඳᡂ໨΢࿶

ьБᔠᡍࡕǴӧڙ၂ޣޑيҽձόӕ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

ӵ߄ 9 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑ܄ձ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦܄

(P<0.05)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧΓ਱΢ᔈ၀ڀȨԖΓጔȩޑǴа౜ᙍ Ѵ௲Դৣϣ೽܌՞ޑКٯനଯ(84.1%)ǴѴٽৎߏԛϐ(82.7%)ǴԶѴ௲سᏢғ നեՠҭэъኧа΢(64.4%)Ƕёـ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣᆶѴ௲سᏢғϐයఈࢂԖပ ৡǶЀॶளݙཀޣǴаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲ԴৣᔈȨԖΓጔȩޣ܌՞ޑԭϩК ຬၸΎԋǴԶၲ 76.5%ǴؒԖཀـޑၲ 19.4%%ǴԶѝԖ 4.0%ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ

౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂԖΓጔޑǶёаགྷـǴᙍ൑܈੃຤ޣ(Ѵٽৎߏ)යఈ΋

Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣᔈԖΓጔޣၨ፾ӝǴ㨭ளᜢݙǶ (Β)ࡉᓨ΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨࡉᓨȩǴӧङඳᡂ໨΢࿶ь БᔠᡍࡕǴӧڙ၂ޣޑيҽձόӕ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

ӵ߄ 10 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑࡉᓨᆶց΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ ౦܄(P<0.05)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧΓ਱΢ᔈ၀ڀȨࡉᓨȩޑǴаѴ ٽৎߏϣ೽܌՞ޑКٯനଯ(85.3%)Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣϣ೽ԛϐ(78.0%)ǴԶѴ௲ سᏢғനեՠҭэъኧа΢(63.3%)ǶЀॶளݙཀޣǴаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲ ԴৣᔈȨࡉᓨȩޣ܌՞ޑԭϩКຬၸΎԋǴԶၲ 74.9%ǴؒԖཀـޑ 23.1%Ǵ ԶѝԖ 2.0%ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂࡉᓨޑǶёаགྷـǴᙍ൑

܈੃຤ޣ(Ѵٽৎߏ)යఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈࡉᓨޣၨ፾ӝǴ㨭ளᜢݙǶ

߄ 8 يҽձόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲ԴৣԖηζၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 37 26 28 91

Ѵ௲ԴৣԖ࠸ηޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 40.7% 28.6% 30.8% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 41.1% 31.7% 37.3% 36.8%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 15.0% 10.5% 11.3% 36.8%

ঁኧ 38 44 40 122

Ѵ௲ԴৣԖ࠸ηޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 31.1% 36.1% 32.8% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 42.2% 53.7% 53.3% 49.4%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 15.4% 17.8% 16.2% 49.4%

ঁኧ 15 12 7 34

Ѵ௲ԴৣԖ࠸ηޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 44.1% 35.3% 20.6% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 16.7% 14.6% 9.3% 13.8%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ Ԗ

࠸ η ޣ

ၨ

፾ ӝ

όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 6.1% 4.9% 2.8% 13.8%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

Ѵ௲ԴৣԖ࠸ηޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

(16)

߄ 9 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲ԴৣᔈԖΓጔޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 58 69 62 189

Ѵ௲ԴৣᔈԖΓጔޣၨ፾ӝϣ ޑ%

30.7% 36.5% 32.8% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 64.4% 84.1% 82.7% 76.5%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 23.5% 27.9% 25.1% 76.5%

ঁኧ 25 12 11 48

52.1% 25.0% 22.9% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 27.8% 14.6% 14.7% 19.4%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 10.1% 4.9% 4.5% 19.4%

ঁኧ 7 1 2 10

70.0% 10.0% 20.0% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 7.8% 1.2% 2.7% 4.0%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ᔈ Ԗ Γ ጔ ޣ

ၨ

፾

ӝ όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 2.8% 0.4% 0.8% 4.0%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 12.713 4 .013

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 8.544 1 .003

a. 3਱(33.3%)ޑႣයঁኧϿܭ 5ǶനλޑႣයঁኧࣁ 3.04Ƕ

߄ 10 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣᔈࡐࡉᓨޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 57 64 64 185

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈࡐࡉᓨޣၨ፾ӝϣ ޑ%

30.8% 34.6% 34.6% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 63.3% 78.0% 85.3% 74.9%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 23.1% 25.9% 25.9% 74.9%

ঁኧ 30 17 10 57

52.6% 29.8% 17.5% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 33.3% 20.7% 13.3% 23.1%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 12.1% 6.9% 4.0% 23.1%

ঁኧ 3 1 1 5

60.0% 20.0% 20.0% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 3.3% 1.2% 1.3% 2.0%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ᔈ ࡐ ࡉ ᓨ ޣ

ၨ

፾

ӝ όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 1.2% 0.4% 0.4% 2.0%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

(17)

߄ 10 (ុ)

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 11.439 4 .022

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 10.124 1 .001

a. 3਱(33.3%)ޑႣයঁኧϿܭ 5ǶനλޑႣයঁኧࣁ 1.52Ƕ

(Ο)ᝄ቉΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨᝄ቉ȩǴӧيҽङඳᡂ໨΢

࿶ьБᔠᡍࡕǴӧڙ၂ޣޑيҽձόӕ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

ӵ߄ 11 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑᝄ቉ᆶց΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ ౦܄(P<0.001)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧΓ਱΢ᔈ၀ڀȨᝄ቉ȩޑǴаѴ ٽৎߏϣ೽܌՞ޑКٯനଯ(38.7%)Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣϣ೽Кٯԛϐ(17.1%)ǴԶ Ѵ௲سᏢғϣ೽Кٯനեэόډ΋ԋ(4.4%)Ƕаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲Դৣᔈ Ȩᝄ቉ȩޣ܌՞ޑԭϩКόډΒԋ(19.0%)ǴؒԖཀـޑ 32.0%ǴϸԶԖ߈΋ъ (49.0%)ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂᝄ቉ޑǶёаགྷـǴ੃຤ޣ(Ѵ ٽৎߏ)ҁيԖௗ߈ѤԋޑৎߏǴᜅԋѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ᝄ቉ၨ፾ӝǴՠ᏾ᡏԶقǴ ߈΋ъޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ᝄ቉Ǵ㨭ளεৎޑᜢݙǶ

߄ 11 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣࡐᝄ቉ޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 4 14 29 47

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈࡐᝄ቉ޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 8.5% 29.8% 61.7% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 4.4% 17.1% 38.7% 19.0%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 1.6% 5.7% 11.7% 19.0%

ঁኧ 26 32 21 79

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈࡐᝄ቉ޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 32.9% 40.5% 26.6% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 28.9% 39.0% 28.0% 32.0%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 10.5% 13.0% 8.5% 32.0%

ঁኧ 60 36 25 121

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈࡐᝄ቉ޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 49.6% 29.8% 20.7% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 66.7% 43.9% 33.3% 49.0%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ᔈ ࡐ ᝄ

቉ ޣ

ၨ

፾ ӝ

όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 24.3% 14.6% 10.1% 49.0%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈࡐᝄ቉ޣၨ፾ӝϣޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 38.143 4 .000

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 31.673 1 .000

(18)

(Ѥ)ऐЈ΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨࡐԖऐЈȩǴӧيҽङඳᡂ

໨΢࿶ьБᔠᡍࡕǴ҂ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

ӵ߄ 12 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲ԴৣޑऐЈᆶց΢Ǵ҂ౢғᡉ

๱ৡ౦܄Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧΓ਱΢ᔈ၀ڀȨԖऐЈȩޑǴаѴٽ ৎߏϣ೽܌՞ޑКٯനଯ(97.3%)Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣϣ೽Кٯԛϐ(95.1%)ǴԶѴ

௲سᏢғϣ೽Кٯനեՠҭຬၸΐԋ(94.4%)Ƕаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲ ԴৣᔈȨԖऐЈȩޣ܌՞ޑԭϩКςډΐԋϖ(95.5%)ǴؒԖཀـޑ 3.6%ǴԶ Ԗ 0.8%ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂԖऐЈޑǶёаགྷـǴ੃຤ޣ(Ѵ ٽৎߏ)ҁيϷѴ௲πբޣǴ๊εӭኧޣǴᜅԋ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ԖऐЈၨ

ࣁ፾ӝǶ

߄ 12 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲ԴৣᔈࡐԖऐЈޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 85 78 73 236

Ѵ௲ԴৣᔈࡐԖऐЈޣၨ፾ӝ ϣޑ%

36.0% 33.1% 30.9% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 94.4% 95.1% 97.3% 95.5%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 34.4% 31.6% 29.6% 95.5%

ঁኧ 5 3 1 9

55.6% 33.3% 11.1% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 5.6% 3.7% 1.3% 3.6%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 2.0% 1.2% 0.4% 3.6%

ঁኧ 1 1 2

50.0% 50.0% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 1.2% 1.3% 0.8%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ᔈ ࡐ Ԗ ऐ Ј ޣ

ၨ

፾ ӝ

όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 0.4% 0.4% 0.8%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 347

36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

Οǵڙ၂Γ঩ჹ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑ᛬ૈ੝܄

၀໨ୢᚒ܌ࡰޑ᛬ૈ੝܄ӅԖϖ໨Ǵх֖(΋)ቸถǵ(Β)ᇥࡺ٣ǵ(Ο)ୠ ᄺǵ(Ѥ)ၢᆸǵаϷ(ϖ)ᛤฝ฻Ƕҁ࿯ӧ௖૸ڙ၂Γ঩යఈ΋Տ౛གྷѴٽ௲ৣǴ ᔈ၀ڀഢব٤᛬ૈ΢ޑ੝܄ǶٯӵǴ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴӧ᛬ૈ΢ࢂցᔈ၀ ڀԖቸถૈΚǵᇥࡺ٣ૈΚǵୠᄺૈΚǵၢᆸૈΚǵ܈ᛤฝૈΚၨࣁ౛གྷǶ࿶

಍ीࡕǴҗܭ಍ीၗ਑ଯၲ 143 ।ϐӭǴࣁ࿯࣪ጇ൯Ǵᔕѝଞჹڙ၂ޣϐΟᅿ يҽձ΢܌ளၗ਑ϩ݋Ƕ಍ी߄ύऩว౜Ԗ P<0.05 ޣǴջ߄ҢӚᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ ϐයఈၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕऩ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵջ߄ҢΟᜪڙ၂ޣ໔ޑ࣮ݤεठ࣬ӕǴ ځьБᔠۓ߄߾όϒаӈрǶ

(΋)ቸถ΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨ཮ቸถȩǴӧङඳᡂ໨΢࿶

ьБᔠᡍࡕǴӧڙ၂ޣޑيҽձόӕ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ

(19)

ӵ߄ 13 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣޑ཮ቸถ΢ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦

܄(P<0.001)Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴᔈ၀Ȩ཮ቸถȩޣǴаѴ௲سᏢғϣ

೽܌՞ޑКٯനଯ(74.4%)ǴѴٽৎߏԛϐ(49.3%)ǴԶനեࣁ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣǴ ϣ೽Кٯэௗ߈ъኧ(42.7%)Ƕёـ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣᆶѴ௲سᏢғϐයఈࢂԖ΋

٤ပৡǶаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲ԴৣᔈȨ཮ቸถȩޣ܌՞ޑԭϩКຬၸϖԋа

΢ǴԶၲ 56.3%ǴؒԖཀـޑၲ 31.6%%ǴԶѝԖ 12.1%ޑڙ၂ޣόᜅԋ౛གྷ ޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀ࢂ཮ቸถޑǶёаགྷـǴᙍ൑܈੃຤ޣ(Ѵٽৎߏ)Ԗ΋ъа΢

(56.3%)යఈ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲Դৣᔈ၀཮ቸถޣၨ፾ӝǴ㨭ளᜢݙǶ

߄ 13 يϩόӕޑڙ၂ޣයఈȨѴ௲Դৣᔈ཮ቸᒳถޣၨ፾ӝȩϐҬΰ߄ᆶьБᔠۓ Ҭΰ߄

໨Ҟ يϩ

ঁኧ 67 35 37 139

Ѵ௲Դৣᔈ཮ቸᒳถޣၨ፾

ӝϣޑ%

48.2% 25.2% 26.6% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 74.4% 42.7% 49.3% 56.3%

ᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 27.1% 14.2% 15.0% 56.3%

ঁኧ 15 33 30 78

ӝϣޑ%

19.2% 42.3% 38.5% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 16.7% 40.2% 40.0% 31.6%

ؒཀـ

ᕴکޑ% 6.1% 13.4% 12.1% 31.6%

ঁኧ 8 14 8 30

ӝϣޑ%

26.7% 16.7% 26.7% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 8.9% 17.1% 10.7% 12.1%

Ѵ

௲ Դ

ৣ ᔈ

཮ ቸ ᒳ ถ ޣ

ၨ

፾ ӝ

όᜅԋ

ᕴکޑ% 3.2% 5.7% 3.2% 12.1%

ঁኧ 90 82 75 247

ӝϣޑ%

36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

يϩϣޑ% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

ᕴک

ᕴکޑ% 36.4% 33.2% 30.4% 100.0%

ьБᔠۓ

ೱុ܄ਠ҅

ཷ՟К 21.874 4 .000

ጕ܄ჹጕ܄ޑᜢᖄ 6.779 1 .009

(Β)ᇥࡺ٣΢ޑයఈ

ڙ၂ޣჹܭ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴٽ௲ৣ܌යఈޑȨ཮ᇥࡺ٣ȩǴӧङඳᡂ໨΢

࿶ьБᔠᡍࡕǴ҂ౢғᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵ߄Ңεৎޑ࣮ݤ΋ठ܄ࡐଯǶ

ӵ߄ 14 ࣁڙ၂يϩձޑόӕǴӧයఈѴ௲Դৣ཮ᇥࡺ٣΢҂ౢғᡉ๱ৡ ౦܄Ƕᜅԋ΋Տ౛གྷޑѴ௲ԴৣǴᔈ၀Ȩ཮ᇥࡺ٣ȩޣǴаѴٽৎߏϣ೽܌՞

ޑКٯനଯ(96.0%)Ǵ౜ᙍѴ௲Դৣԛϐ(90.2%)ǴԶനեࣁѴ௲سᏢғǴځϣ

೽КٯΨэௗ߈ΐኧ(86.7%)ǶёـѴٽৎߏǵ౜ᙍѴ௲ԴৣǵᆶѴ௲سᏢғ ϐӅӕයఈࢂ࣬྽΋ठޑǶаӄᡏڙ၂ޣᜅԋѴ௲ԴৣᔈȨ཮ᇥࡺ٣ȩޣ܌՞

ޑԭϩКຬၸΐԋа΢ǴԶၲ 90.7%ǴؒԖཀـޑၲ 8.1%%ǴԶѝԖ 1.2%ޑ