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7 電路

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7 電路

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7.1 直流電路 7.2 串聯電阻 7.3 並聯電阻 7.4 交流電路

7.5 虛擬電路實驗

Outline

(4)

7.1

直流電路

•Direct Current Circuit

•A bimetallic strip flasher

•以電阻電熱絲加熱bimetallic strip,約 一秒啟閉一次,可用作警示裝置。

(5)

Ex.1 簡單直流電路內之電位(電壓)

升降

a a

V iR V

iR

  

E E

克希荷夫 Kirchhoff 迴 路定理

(6)

Ex.2

The Ammeter and the Voltmeter

(7)

A single-loop circuit

Follow Example 26.3, using Figure 26.10 below.

(8)

Power distribution systems

Follow the text discussion using Figure 26.24 below.

(9)

Household wiring

Figure 26.26 at the right shows why it is safer to use a three-prong plug for

electrical appliances.

(10)

Figure 26.25

fuse

Circuit breaker

(11)

Neuromyography

(12)

Ex.3 RC電路

電阻-電容電路

(13)

Ex.3

(cont) Charging a

Capacitor

0 ,

1 ( )

( )

( ) ( )

q dq

iR i

C dt

dq q dq q

R dt C dt RC R

dq q

dt R RC RC q C

dq dt d q C dt

q C RC q C RC

 

 

   

E

E E

E E

E

E E

(14)

Ex.3 (cont)

const

const

( )

( )

ln( ) Const.

What is C ?

t RC

t t

RC RC

d q C dt

q C RC

q C t

RC

q C e

q C e e C e

 

 

 

 

EE

E E

E

(15)

Ex.3 (Initial Condition)

0 0

/

/

( ) '

0 ' '

( )

( ) (1 )

( )

t RC

t RC

t RC t RC

t RC

q t C C e

C C e C C

q t C C e

q t C e

i dq e

dt R

   

 

E

E E

E E

E E

(16)

Ex.3

(cont)

•如果 R = 10M C = 1F

•經過46s後,e= 0.01,充電達99﹪

•可用作間歇式雨刷等電路控制。

( ) (1 RC RC/ ) 0.63

q RC CE e CE

10106



10 6

10s

F

RC

e-1

(17)

UnFigure Page 866

(18)

7.2

Resistance in series

 

 

n

j

j eq

eq

R R

R R

R i R

iR iR

iR

1

3 2

1

3 2

1

0

E E

E

(19)

7.3 Resistors in parallel

3 2

1

3 2

1 3

2 1

3 3

2 2

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 ) 1

( 1 , ,

R R

R R

i R

R R

i R i

i i

i R i R

i R

eq eq

E

E

E E

E

(20)

Multiloop Circuits

 The Junction rule: 流入接點之電流必等 於流出者

(Kirchhoff’s junction/current rule)

2 3

1

i i

i  

(21)

loop left

3 0

3 1

1

1i Ri R  E

loop right

2 0

2 2

3

3

i R i R E

loop big

2 0

2 2 1

1

1    E 

E i R i R

解System of equations (聯 立方程組)

(22)

Ex.4 What are the currents?

0 0

2 2

2 1

3 2

1 3

2 2

2 1

1 1

1 1

2 1

3

R i

R i

R i

R i

R i R

i

i i

i

E E

E

E

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解聯立方程組

pivot equation

(24)

Forward Elimination and Back substitution

pivot equation

upper triangle

高斯消去法

(25)

The torpedo ray

(26)

Ex.5 The electric eel

(27)

The Equivalent circuit

(28)

A 10

6 . 6 140

/

A 93 .

0 0

93 .

1 8 1 140

1

1250 5000

V 750 5000

3 140

1

i i

i iR

iR

R R R

R

r R

row

eq w

row

eq j j row

eq

ep row

ep row

E

E E

The current

Rw=800Ω 0.15V

0.25Ω

(29)

7.4

交流電路

•Alternating Current Circuit

•V( t ) = V0Sin2f t

•f 頻率 = 60H(赫)

•V0 尖峰值,

一般家庭約170V

(30)

功率

•P(t)= I0V0Sin2 2 f t,取時間平 均值

•對交流電而言,歐姆定律變成

rms rmsV V I

V I I

P

2 2 2

1 0 0

0 0

R I

Vrms rms

R R V

I V

I

P rms rms rms rms

2

2

(31)

Ex.5 72W 音箱

V V

Vrms V 24 2

34 2

0

3.0

0 . 8

24V R

Irms Vrms

W V

I

P rms rms 72

(32)

Ex.6 A practical example

Quebec Montreal

M W 0

. 55 )

1000 /

22 . 0 (

) A 500 (

M W 220

) 1000

/ 22

. 0 (

) A 1000 (

368M W V)(500A)

10 35

. 7 (

2 2

2 ,

2 2

1 ,

5

km m

R I

P

km m

R I

P

I P

av av

av E

(33)

7.5

虛擬電路實驗

(34)

7.6 Orcad-PSpice

(35)

7.7 Simulation

(36)

參考文獻

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