3GPP All IP Network

(1)

3GPP All IP Network

(2)

Outline

Wireless Technology Evolution

GPRS Overview

3GPP All IP Network

3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

(3)

3 3

Vision of Comm. System

3G/4G/…

Source: DoCoMo

(4)

Wireless Technology Evolution

1G – Analog System

z AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) : 中華電信090系統

2G – Digital System

z GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) )900MHz and 1.8GHz (DCS1800)

)TDMA Technologies

)9.6K bps Data Rate (Shore Message Service; SMS) )歐亞160 Countries, 全球55%市場, 約5億個用戶

z CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

)IS-95: Data Rate 14.4K bps (cdmaOne) Æ IS-95B: Data Rate 64 Kbps

)Qualcom

)亞太北美市場, 約7,500萬用戶 z D-AMPS

(5)

5 5

2.5G

GSM System

z High Speed Circuit Switch Data (HSCSD) )Up to 115.2 Kbps

z General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) )Up to 171.2 Kbps

z Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) )改變調變技術

)up to 384 Kbps (亦被視為3G技術) )D-AMPS Æ EDGE

cdma System

z cdma 1x

)Up to 144 Kbps )Korea

(6)

3G

IMT-2000

z Year 2000 Ready

z Operate at 2000 MHz

z Provide 2000K bps Data Rate

3G Data Rate 要求

z Vehicular -- 144 Kbps z Pedestrian --- 384 Kbps z Indoor --- 2Mbps

Three Important 3G Technologies Standards

z W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) (歐日系統) )GSM/GPRS/EDGE Æ W-CDMA

z cdma2000 (北美系統)

z TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronize CDMA) (大陸系統)

(7)

7 7

From 2G to 3G

From Voice Service to Rich, Interactive Multimedia- based Personal Communication Service

Permanent Network Connection with High Data Rate

z 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps

z Mobile Access to High-quality Video, Audio, Graphics and Multimedia as Fixed Internet

Massive Increase in Network Capacity

z To Support Billions of Subscribers

Global Roaming

z Use Single Terminal to Access Identical Services All Around the World

(8)

GPRS System

Packet Switching Technology

Based on GSM Cellular Network

High Data Speed

z 21.4 Kbps per Time Slot (channel)

z Up to 8 Time Slots

Physical Channel for Data Transmission

z Assigned on Demand

z Can Be Shared with Other Users

External Data Network

PSTN

HLR

SGSN GGSN

Gb Gn Gi

GSM

PCU

BSS

Gateway MSC/VLR Visited

MSC/VLR

(9)

9 9

GPRS Logical Architecture

other PLMN

MSC/VLR HLR

EIR SGSN

GGSN

SGSN

PDN TE SMS-GMSC

SMS-IWMSC

MS BSS Gn Gi

Gn Gp

Gb

Gd

Um

Gr Gc Gs

Gf E C

D

A

Signalling &

Data Transfer Signalling

(10)

SGSN and GGSN

IP based Network

SGSN ^HLR GGSN

Serving GPRS Support Node

. Mobility Management (Location Update, Paging etc.)

. Access Control & Security (Authentication, Ciphering) . BSS Queue Management

. GSM Circuit-Switched Interactions . Operation Data, such as Billing Info.

Gateway GPRS Support Node

. Interworking between PDN and GPRS PLMN

. Packet Screening

. Routing Tables about Attached GPRS Subscribers

. Address Mapping . PDU Tunneling

. Operation Data, such as Billing Info.

(11)

11 11

GPRS MM/SM

Mobility Management

z Attach z Detach z Security

z Routing Area Update

Session Management

z PDP Context Activation z PDP Context Deactivation z PDP Context Modification

(12)

GPRS Data Transfer

MS Sends Packet, Destined to Another MS’s PDP Address, to SGSN.

SGSN Delivers Packets to GGSN.

GGSN Determines the SGSN where MS Registered by Checking the PDP Context Corresponding to PDP Address.

GGSN Tunnels the PDU to SGSN Using GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP).

SGSN Receives and Decapsulates the Packet, and Delivers to MS.

BSS SGSN GPRS GGSN Backbone

IP Network SGSN

BSS

Internet

(13)

13 13

3GPP UMTS System

Node B Node B Node B Node B

RNC

RNC Iub Iur

UTRAN USIM

ME

UE Cu

3G

MSC/VLR

3G SGSN

GMSC

GGSN HLR

External Networks

PLMN, PSTN, ISDN,...

Internet

Core Network

Uu Iu

Iu-PS Gn Gi

Gr Gc

D D

System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99

Gs Iu-PS

Iu-CS Iu-CS

(14)

Introduction

All IP Architecture

z Based on packet technologies and IP telephony for real time and non real time services

z An evolution from Release 99 specifications

)All IP core network should support release 99 CS terminals z Radio Access Network (RAN)

)Based on ERAN and UTRAN z Core Network

)Based on the evolution of GPRS

(15)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

Legacy mobile signaling network

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

GMSC Server R-SGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

Signaling (SS7 or IP based) Circuit

Packet (user traffic / signaling)

(16)

Circuit-Switched Services

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

T-SGW

PSTN

MSC Server

HSS

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr

Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Mc Signaling (SS7 or IP based)

Circuit

(17)

17 17

Packet-Switched Services

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN GGSN Internet

HSS

Gi

Gr Gc

Iu_PS Gn

Gi Signaling (SS7 or IP based)

Circuit

(18)

Real-Time PS Services

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN GGSN Internet

HSS CSCF

R-SGW

Gi Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn

Gi Mg

Gi

Mr MRF

(19)

19 19

Interworking with PSTN

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW

R-SGW

Mc Gi

Gi Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn

Gi

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(20)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(21)

21 21

HSS [1/2]

HSS (Home Subscriber Server) is the master database for a given user.

Functionalities

z The HLR functionality required by the PS-Domain z The circuit switched part of the HLR

z User control functions required by the IP multimedia (IM) subsystem

HSS

MSC Server GMSC Server SGSN GGSN R-SGW CSCF

D C Gr Gc Mh Cx

(22)

HSS [2/2]

MAP termination

Addressing protocol termination

Authentication, Authorization protocol termination

IP multimedia control termination

MAP termination

Addressing Protocol termination

Authentication Authorization

protocol termination

IP multimedia control protocol

termination

HSS

C,D,

Cx

(23)

23 23

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(24)

CSCF [1/4]

Call State Control Function

ICGW (Incoming Call Gateway)

z Acting as a first entry point to perform routing of incoming calls

CCF (Call Control Function)

z Call setup/termination and call state/event management z Application level registration handling

SPD (Serving Profile Database)

z Interacting with HSS to receive the user profile information

AH (Address Handling)

z Mapping between alias address (e.g., E.164 number) and transport address

(25)

25 25

CSCF [2/4]

Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF) is the first contact point within IM CN subsystem.

z Its address is discovered by UEs following PDP context activation procedure.

z Behaving like a Proxy server defined in RFC2543

P-CSCF Discovery

z Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) z Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context

Activation signaling to the UE

(26)

CSCF [3/4]

Serving CSCF (S-CSCF) performs the session control service for the UE.

z Maintaining a session state as needed by the network operator for support of the services

Registration

z Behaving as a Registrar as defined in RFC2543

z It accepts registration requests and makes its information available through the location server (e.g., HSS).

Session Flow

z Interaction with service platform for support of services

(27)

27 27

Service Platform Interface

SIP Application Server

CAMEL Service Environment

SIP+

OSA API Cx

IM SSF

SIP+

OSA Application

Server

S-CSCF OSA Service

Capability Server (SCS)

HSS ^SIP+

CAP MAP

(28)

CSCF [4/4]

ª

Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) is the contact point within an operator’s network for all connections destined to a subscriber of that network operator.

ª

Registration

a Assigning a S-CSCF to a subscriber performing SIP registration

ª

Session Flow

a Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS

a Routing a SIP request received from another network towards S-CSCF

(29)

29 29

CSCF Roles & Features

CSCF

P-CSCF

(Proxy)

I-CSCF

(Interrogating)

S-CSCF

(Serving)

Behaving like Features/Functions

Register

z Forward SIP register to I-CSCF by home domain name.

Session Flow

z Forward SIP messages from UE to SIP server (S-CSCF) as a result of registration procedure.

z Detect an emergency session and select a S-CSCF to handle emergency sessions.

z Authorization of bearer resources & QoS management.

Proxy server

User Agent (abnormal cases)

Proxy server

User Agent (register reject)

Register

z Assigning a Serving CSCF to the subscriber.

Session Flow

z Routing a SIP request from another network towards the S-CSCF(Serving Terminating UE)

z Obtaining the S-CSCF address from HSS

Registrar

Proxy Server

User Agent

Register

z As a Registrar, store registration info to HSS.

Session-related/unrelated Flow

z S-CSCF performs session control services for the UE.

z Interaction with Service Platforms.

z Maintaining a session state as needed by the network operator for support of the services.

(30)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(31)

31 31

MGCF & MGW

Media Gateway Control Function

z Being PSTN signaling termination point

z Performing protocol conversion between the legacy (e.g., ISUP) and the All-IP network call control protocols

Media Gateway

z Being PSTN transport termination point z Interfacing UTRAN over Iu

(32)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(33)

33 33

MSC Server

Mainly comprising the call control and mobility control parts of a GSM/UMTS MSC

Performing the connection control for media channels in a MGW

MSC server + MGW = MSC

(34)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(35)

35 35

MRF

Multimedia Resource Function

z Performing multi-party call and multimedia conferencing functions

z The same function as an MCU in the H.323 network

(36)

All IP Network Architecture

RNC

Node B Node B

MS MS

SGSN

T-SGW

Internet

PSTN

MSC Server

GGSN

HSS CSCF

MGW MGW

MAP

MAP Mc

Mc Gi

Gi

Nc

Nb Iu_CS

(control part)

Mh

Gr Gc

Cx

Mm Ms

Iu_PS Gn Iu_CS

(user traffic)

Gi

Mc

MGCF

Mg Gi

Mr MRF

(37)

37 37

T-SGW & R-SGW

Transport Signaling Gateway Function

z Mapping call related signaling (i.e., SS7/ISUP) from

PSTN/PLMN on an IP bearer and sending it to the MGCF z Providing PSTN/PLMN↔IP transport level address

mapping

Roaming Signaling Gateway Function

z Providing communication (i.e., SS7/MAP) with a 2G/R99 MSC/VLR

(38)

IM Subsystem

ª

IP Multimedia (IM) CN subsystem

a Comprising all CN elements for provision of multimedia services

ª

The IM subsystem (IMS) utilizes the PS domain to transport multimedia signaling and bearer traffic.

ª

The IMS attempts to be conformant to IETF

“Internet standards”.

a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) has been selected as the interfaces between the IM CN elements.

(39)

39 39

Identification of IM Users

ª

Private user identities

a Assigned by the home network operator

a Contained in all registration requests passed from UE to the home network (for authentication)

ª

Public user identities

a Every IM subscriber shall have one or more public user identities.

a The public user identity shall take the form of SIP URL or E.164 number.

IM Subscription Private User Identity

Public User Identity 1 (e.g., SIP URL) Public User Identity 2 (e.g., E.164) Public User Identity 3

(40)

QoS Requirement

ª

Independence between QoS signaling and Session Control

ª

Necessity for end-to-end QoS signaling and resource allocation

aBetter than best-effort services or the background QoS class

ª

QoS Singaling at different bearer service control levels

aIP bearer service level

aUMTS bearer service level

ª

Coordination between session control and QoS signaling/resource allocation

(41)

41 41

End-to-End QoS Architecture

TE MT UTRAN/

GERAN CN Iu

EDGE NODE

CN

Gateway TE

GPRS

End-to-End Service

TE/MT Local Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer External Bearer

Service GPRS Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer CN Bearer Service

Backbone Bearer Service Iu Bearer

Service Radio Bearer

Service

Physical Radio Service

Physical Bearer Service

(42)

Registration

UE GPRS IP MM CN

Subsystem 1. Bearer Level Registration: GPRS

2. PDP Context Activation 3. Proxy CSCF Discovery

4. Application Level Registration

(43)

43 43

Proxy-CSCF Discovery

1. PDP Context Activation

3. DNS - Query/Response

2. DHCP - Query/Response 2. DHCP -Relay

1. Activate PDP Context Request

3. Activate PDP Context Accept

1. Create PDP Context Request

3. Create PDP Context Response DHCP server DNS server

UE GGSN

UE SGSN GGSN

2. Get IP address of P-CSCF(s)

Use of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Transfer the P-CSCF address with the PDP Context Activation signaling to the UE

GGSN acts as a DHCP Relay Agent 1.Create PDP context bearer ( TS 23.060) 2.UE requests a DHCP server

2a. P-CSCF domain name 2b. IP addresses of DNS servers 3. UE performs a DNS query

to retrieve P-CSCF(s) IP addresses

During PDP Context Activation signalling 1. UE indicates the request of P-CSCF

IP address in PDP context request 2. GGSN gets P-CSCF IP address

(internal configure, implement choice) 3. P-CSCF IP address forwarded to UE

(44)

Application Level Registration

I-CSCF P-CSCF

UE HSS

1. Register

S-CSCF

Visited Network Home Network

2. Register

3. Cx-Query

3. Cx-Query Resp.

4. Cx-Select-Pull

4. Cx-Select-Pull Resp.

5. Register

6. Cx-Put

6. Cx-Put-Resp.

7. Cx-Pull

7. Cx-Pull-Resp.

8. 200 OK 9. 200 OK

10. 200 OK

(45)

Application-level Registration Diagram

P-SCSF P-SCSF

S-CSCF S-CSCF

P-CSCF P-CSCF

GGSNGGSN SGSNSGSN

Radio Access Network Radio Access Network GGSNGGSN

SGSNSGSN

Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

I-CSCF I-CSCF

HSSHSS 1. MS sends SIP REGISTER to P-CSCF.

2. Forward to I-CSCF by “home domain name”.

3. User can register in the P-CSCF network ? Request info about required S-CSCF cap. ? 4. Responses & Information.

5. Select S-CSCF.

6. S-CSCF requests HSS to retrieve the subscriber info.

7. Download user profile

8. Send Register info to Service Platform.

1. MS sends SIP REGISTER to P-CSCF.

2. Forward to I-CSCF by “home domain name”.

3. User can register in the P-CSCF network ? Request info about required S-CSCF cap. ? 4. Responses & Information.

5. Select S-CSCF.

6. S-CSCF requests HSS to retrieve the subscriber info.

7. Download user profile

8. Send Register info to Service Platform.

3 4

5 7

6 8

1 1

2 2

Home Network

Visited Network

App.

Server

(46)

Call Setup Diagram

S-CSCF S-CSCF

GGSNGGSN SGSNSGSN

Radio Access Network Radio Access Network I-CSCF

I-CSCF

HSSHSS App.

Server

3

1 2 Originating Home Network

Visited/Home Network

S-CSCF S-CSCF I-CSCF

I-CSCF HSSHSS

5 6

7

8 Terminating Home Network

4

GGSNGGSN SGSNSGSN

Radio Access Network Radio Access Network

10 9 App.

Server

Originating Terminating

Visited/Home Network

(47)

47 47

Session Flow Procedure

UE#1 S-CSCF#1 S-CSCF#2 UE#2

INVITE

Ringing 200 OK

ACK SDP Final SDP

Reserv Success

(48)

INVITE

Home Network#1

INVITE+SDP

INVITE + SDP

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

INVITE + SDP Service Control

INVITE + SDP

Location Query Response INVITE + SDP

INVITE + SDP 100 trying

100 trying

100 trying Service Control

UE#1

Visited Network

(49)

183 Session Progress + PRACK

UE#1

Home Network#1 Visited Network

I-CSCF#2 HSS S-CSCF#2 S-CSCF#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

183 (SDP) 183 (SDP)

PRACK (Final SDP)

PRACK (Final SDP) PRACK (Final SDP)

200 OK 200 OK 200 OK 200 OK

Authorize QoS Resource

200 OK

PRACK (Final SDP)

(50)

Reserv Success (COMET)

UE#1

COMET

Home Network#2

UE#2

COMET COMET

COMET

200 OK

200 OK 200 OK

Resource Reservation

(51)

Ring (180 Ringing) + 200 OK (Hang Up) + ACK

UE#1

Home Network#2

UE#2

Ring Ring Ring

Ringback

200 OK

Service Control

200 OK 200 OK Service Control

ACK

ACK ACK

ACK

200 OK

Approval of QoS Commit

(52)

Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [1/2]

IP-based real-time multimedia

z The size of IP/UDP/RTP headers is at least 40 bytes for IPv4.

z The voice payload is shorter than the header.

z It is not possible to meet to the baseline spectral efficiency of existing circuit voice.

Solutions

z Header Compression/Decompression z Header Stripping/Regeneration

(53)

53 53

Airlink Optimization for Real- Time IP [2/2]

RTP

RTP Voice sampleVoice sample

Header compressor (UPA point)

L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.)

L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.) Header decompressor

(UPA point) IP

IP UDPUDP IPIP UDPUDP RTPRTP Voice sampleVoice sample

Air interface

IP IP

Voice Compressed header

Voice sample Voice sample

Header compressor (UPA point)

L2/L1 (interleaving, channel coding, etc.)

L2/L1 (deinterleaving, channel decoding, etc.)

Header regenerator (UPA point) IP

IP UDPUDP RTPRTP IPIP UDPUDP RTPRTP Voice sampleVoice sample

Air interface

IP IP

Voice Information to support header regeneration

Header Compression/

Decompression

ª

Header Stripping/

Regeneration

(54)

Wireless & Internet

Wireless

LAN WLAN

FA CA

ProxySIP Server

Internet

MS

CSCF3GPP

3G UMTS

GGSN SGSN

T-SGW

MGW

MGW PSTN

MGCF3GPP