Discovering Computers 2012Chapter 10Managing a Database

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 10

Managing a Database

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Objectives Overview

Define the term, database, and explain

how a database interacts with data and

information Define the term, database, and explain

how a database interacts with data and

information

Define the term, data integrity, and describe the qualities of valuable

information

Define the term, data integrity, and describe the qualities of valuable

information

Discuss the terms character, field, record,

and file

Discuss the terms character, field, record,

and file

Describe file maintenance techniques and validation techniques

Differentiate between a file processing

approach and the database approach Differentiate between a

file processing approach and the database approach

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 2

See Page 513

for Detailed Objectives

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Objectives Overview

Discuss the functions common to most database management

systems

Discuss the functions common to most database management

systems

Describe characteristics of relational, object-

oriented, and multidimensional

databases

Describe characteristics of relational, object-

oriented, and multidimensional

databases

Explain how to access Web databases

Identify database design guidelines and discuss

the responsibilities of database analysts and

administrators

Identify database design guidelines and discuss

the responsibilities of database analysts and

administrators

See Page 513

for Detailed Objectives

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Databases, Data, and Information

Database Database

• Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access,

retrieval, and use of that data

• Collection of data organized in a manner that allows access,

retrieval, and use of that data

DataData

• Collection of unprocessed items

• Text

• Numbers

• Images

• Audio

• Video

• Collection of unprocessed items

• Text

• Numbers

• Images

• Audio

• Video

Information Information

• Processed data

• Documents

• Audio

• Images

• Video

• Processed data

• Documents

• Audio

• Images

• Video

Page 514

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 5 Pages 514 – 515

Figure 10-1

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Databases, Data, and Information

• Database software, often called a database management system (DBMS), allows users to:

Page 515

Create a computerized database

Create a computerized

database Add, modify, and delete data Add, modify, and

delete data

Sort and retrieve data

Sort and retrieve data Create forms and reports from the data

Create forms and reports from the data

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Databases, Data, and Information

• Data integrity identifies the quality of the data

• Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the accuracy of the input

Page 516

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Databases, Data, and Information

• Valuable information should have the following characteristics:

Pages 516 - 517

Accurate

Accurate VerifiableVerifiable TimelyTimely OrganizedOrganized

Accessible

Accessible UsefulUseful Cost- effective

Cost- effective

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The Hierarchy of Data

• Data is organized in layers

– Files, records, fields, characters

Page 517 Figure 10-2

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The Hierarchy of Data

• A character is one byte

– Numbers, letters, space, punctuation marks, or other symbols

• A field is a combination of one or more related characters

– Field name – Field size – Data type

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The Hierarchy of Data

• Common data types include:

Page 518

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The Hierarchy of Data

• A record is a group of related fields

– A primary key uniquely identifies each record

• A data file is a collection of related records

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Maintaining Data

• File maintenance refers to the procedures that keep data current

Page 520

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Maintaining Data

• Users add new records to a file when they obtain new data

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Maintaining Data

• Users modify a record to correct inaccurate data or update old data

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Maintaining Data

• When a record no longer is needed, a user deletes it from a file

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Maintaining Data

• Validation compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data is correct

Pages 522 - 524

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File Processing Versus Databases

Pages 524 - 526

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10 19 Page 525

Figure 10-10

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Figure 10-11

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Database Management Systems

• A data dictionary contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files

Pages 527 – 528 Figure 10-12

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Database Management Systems

• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users

and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the database

Page 528

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Database Management Systems

• A query language consists of simple, English-like statements that allow users to specify the data to display, print, or store

• Query by example (QBE) provides a GUI to assist users with retrieving data

Page 528

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Figure 10-13

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Database Management Systems

• A form is a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database

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Database Management Systems

• A report generator allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report

design, and then display or print the report

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Database Management Systems

Page 531

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Database Management Systems

• A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to

restore the database to a usable form in case it is damaged or destroyed

Pages 531 - 532

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Database Management Systems

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

• A data model consists of rules and standards that define how the database organizes data

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

• A relational database stores data in tables

that consist of rows and columns

– Each row has a primary key

– Each column has a unique name

• A relationship is a link within the data

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

• An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data in objects

• Examples of applications appropriate for an object-oriented database include:

Page 534

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

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Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases

• A multidimensional database can store data in more than two dimensions of data

– Sometimes known as a hypercube

– Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database

• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and manages the data required to analyze historical and current transactions

Pages 535 - 536

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Web Databases

• Databases on the Web allow you to:

Page 536

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Figure 10-23

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Video: How a Photo Sharing Site Keeps Its Data

CLICK TO START

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Database Administration

• It is important to have a carefully designed database

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Database Administration

Database analysts and administrators are responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities Database analysts and administrators are responsible

for managing and coordinating all database activities

Database Analyst (DA) Decides on proper field placement, defines data relationship, and identifies

users’ access privileges Database Analyst (DA) Decides on proper field placement, defines data relationship, and identifies

users’ access privileges

Database Administrator (DBA) Creates and maintains the data

dictionary, manages security, monitors performance, and checks backup and recovery

procedures

Database Administrator (DBA) Creates and maintains the data

dictionary, manages security, monitors performance, and checks backup and recovery

procedures

Page 538

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Database Administration

• Employees should learn how to use the data in the database effectively

– Interact with database – Identify new data for the

database

– Maintain the database

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Summary

How data and information are valuable assets to

an organization How data and information are valuable assets to

an organization

Methods for maintaining high-

quality data Methods for maintaining high-

quality data

Assessing the quality of valuable

information Assessing the quality of valuable

information

Advantages of organizing data in

a database Advantages of organizing data in

a database

Various types of databases

Roles of the database analysts and administrators

Page 539

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Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World

Discovering

Computers 2012 Chapter 10

Managing a Database

Chapter 10 Complete

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8A-44

Project due Dec. 22

• Use Access to input a list of three friends including name, email address, phone number, home

address, birthday.

• Design a Christmas card.

• Use Access to send the Christmas card via email to each friend.

• Use Access and mail merge to print Christmas card and envelop to each friend.