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因而在歐美國家,例如美國是明訂死刑犯者不可進行器官捐贈

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• 計畫中文名稱 死刑犯器官捐贈倫理議題---海峽兩岸醫療團隊觀點之初探與比較

• 計畫英文名稱 Contemporary Ethical Dilemma Related to Organ Transplantation from the Perspectives of Health Professionals

• 系統編號 PG9308-0360 • 研究性質 應用研究

• 計畫編號 DOH93-TD-M-113-044-(2) • 研究方式 委託研究

• 主管機關 行政院衛生署 • 研究期間 9308 ~ 9407

• 執行機構 台北醫學大學護理學系

• 年度 93 年 • 研究經費 701 千元

• 研究領域 護理學, 基礎醫學類

• 研究人員 施富金,賴明坤,朱樹勳

• 中文關鍵字 死刑犯器官捐贈;醫護倫理規範;台灣

• 英文關鍵字 potential cadaveric organs from the person condemned with death;medical ethical relegations;multiple disciplinary aspects;Taiwanese culture

• 中文摘要

自 1950 年美國完成首例的腎臟移植後,隨著醫療科技的進步,器官移植已是現代醫療中重要的治療方式,也是許多器官壞死或嚴重損壞末期病人 唯一救命的方法。器官移植所衍生的倫理議題,一直以來不論在法律、宗教、醫療上都備受爭議。在這種生命關鍵下,生命的維持與延續,是醫 師在尊重捐贈者與受贈者自主意願下,與之共同決定的醫療行為,此不僅牽涉到醫療的觀點,尚需考量法律、經濟、宗教信仰和道德規範等相關 的看法。然而,由於等待器官捐贈的人數一直是高居不下,器官的短缺,使得死刑犯的器官捐贈成為解決器官短缺的一個方案。但是這樣的作法 雖然在海峽兩岸都已通過立法,並且也都已經付諸實施,然而在台灣操作的執行面上仍備受爭議,其主要原因為死刑犯的器官捐贈,可能由於法 律上的「死刑」與醫療判定的「腦死」,以及與在宗教上對生命與「死亡」的看法產生歧異。加上死刑犯的人權,而使的死刑犯器官捐贈受到國 際人權組織的抗議。因而在歐美國家,例如美國是明訂死刑犯者不可進行器官捐贈。然而,在國內進行了幾宗的死刑犯器官捐贈之後,特別是陳 進興槍決後之法律「死亡」與送入醫院尚未確定「腦死」,然仍執行器官摘除的案例引發國內的軒然大波,更有神經科醫師主張醫師應退出死刑 犯之腦死判定之任務。可見要死刑犯器官捐贈的實施,必須先考量此議題所引發之倫理議題,並且須要透過法界、宗教界、醫療界共同探討,死 刑犯對器官捐贈的正當性與合法性,期盼產生共識。因此,本研究希探討與器官捐贈有關之醫療界、宗教界及法界人士對兩岸「死刑犯器官捐贈」

倫理議題的看法,以探討出於合於醫療、宗教及法界接受的倫理規範及法規制訂,並謀求等待器官捐贈者之最大福利宗旨。研究計劃之目的:一、

探討台灣醫療人員、宗教界、法界人士對兩岸死刑犯器官捐贈,所面臨的倫理困境、影響因素、及其因應方法。二、 探討器捐者家屬、受贈者、

醫療教育者所認知之兩岸死刑犯器官捐贈倫理困境、影響因素及其建議。三、 探討器官捐贈專業人員對兩岸相關倫理困境的影響層面,並以倫理 原則,分析其內涵,以訂定出符合現今社會、器官移植醫學及死刑犯的醫療倫理規範。

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• 英文摘要

Organ transplantation (OT) has been one of major treatment regimens since 1950 when the first kidney transplantation was successful done in USA. Several ethical issues derived from OT have challenged medical, legal, moral, and religious expertises. The shortage of human organs has rendered a long name list waiting for OT. As such, the use of potential cadaveric organs from the person condemned with death (PCWD) was legitimatively supported between Mainland China and Taiwan and argued. One of major arguments is the discrimination on the definitions and judging criteria of death between legal, religious and medical aspects. It is necessary to invite experts from these professional fileds to fully discuss this significant issue and provide related suggestions on the practical regulations. The purposes of this one-year project are to: (a) Explore medical, legal, moral, and religious expertises?H?H conceptions of the ethical delimma, influecning factors, and coping startegies on the issue of the use of potential cadaveric organs from the PCWD; (b) Explore potentail organ donors?H?H family members?H?H and recipients?H?H conceptions of the ethical delimma, influecning factors, and suggestions on the issue of the use of potential cadaveric organs from the PCWD; and (c) Propose tentative concensus on the theoretical and operational suggestions of the medical ethical principles related to the issue of the use of potential cadaveric organs from the PCWD commonly shared by both Chinese and Taiwanese culture.

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