Two Big Cats

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Unit 1

Animals:

Two Big Cats

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Fact File

There are many kinds of cats, but some people think that there are only four “big cats” - the tiger, lion, leopard and jaguar. Other people include the cheetah, snow leopard, and cougar as big cats, even though they cannot roar. Among big cats, the tiger is the heaviest and the cheetah is the fastest. Despite the differences in their sizes and abilities, all big cats are very good hunters and they love meat!

Talk about these questions and share your opinions with your classmates.

1. Do you think it is acceptable to keep animals in zoos?

What are the good points and bad points of this practice?

2. What do you think of keeping wild animals as pets? Is it a good idea?

Warm Up Warm Up

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Lesson 1

Discussion A

Key Vocabulary

Look for the words in bold type in the passage on the opposite page.

Write each word next to its definition using the base form of the word.

B

1. Look at the picture above and discuss.

a. What do the colored lions show?

b. What do the gray lions show?

2. Which do you think is true? Compare and discuss your answers.

a. At the present time, lions live only in Africa. T F b. At one time, lions lived all around the world. T F c. Lions are endangered animals. T F

1. _______________ does not exist now

2. _______________ a part of a country or the world

3. _______________ an animal that drinks its mother’s milk when it’s young 4. _______________ a person who thinks about the world

5. _______________ and also

6. _______________ what is left when part of something is taken away 7. _______________ 100 years

8. _______________ guns

Lions Around the World

1. Pre-Reading

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Lions Around the World

Fact File 1 Did you know?

Lions live in groups called “prides.”

A pride usually consists of five or six related females, their cubs, and one or two males. Male cubs leave their pride when they become adult, at around 2 or 3 years of age.

Lions Around the World

A male lion.

Lions sheltering from the sun.

A male and a female lion.

Track 01

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Most people think that lions live in Africa, so it may surprise you to learn that lions live in India too. In fact, until 10,000 years ago, lions lived all around the world. They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from Western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. Among land mammals, only humans lived in more places than lions.

Lions became extinct in America about 10,000 years ago, but 2,500 years ago they were common in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Asia, as well as most of Africa. However, the European population of lions soon started decreasing. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, reported that they were rare in 300 BC. By the tenth century, the last European lions had disappeared from their home in the region near Georgia and Armenia.

In Asia, lions disappeared later. They lived in Palestine until the Middle Ages (around 500 AD) and they disappeared from the rest of central Asia after the arrival of firearms in the eighteenth century. Between the late nineteenth and early twentieth

century they became extinct in North Africa and the Middle East. At this time, they also disappeared

from Turkey and most of northern India. Asian lions are now only found in and around the Gir

Forest of northwestern India. About 300 lions live in a 1,412 square kilometer protected area, which covers most of the forest. Now, their

numbers are slowly increasing. 241 words

Lesson 01 13

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2. During Reading

1. Among land mammals, who lived in more places than lions?

a. tigers b. humans c. big cats

2. Where did lions live 2,500 years ago?

a. Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa b. Eastern Europe and Africa

c. The Middle East, Africa, and Europe

3. When did lions become extinct in America?

a. in 300 BC b. in 500 AD

c. about 10,000 years ago

4. Which sentence about lions in Europe is true?

a. Lions became extinct in Europe after the 18^th century.

b. There were lions in western Europe more than 10,000 years ago.

c. Lions disappeared later in Europe than in Asia.

5. Which sentence about lions in Asia is NOT true?

a. The number of lions in the Gir Forest keeps decreasing.

b. After the arrival of firearms, lions became extinct in central Asia.

c. Lions disappeared from central Asia between the late 19th and early 20th century.

Fact File 2

Did you know?

The mane of the adult male lion is unique and distinctive. It makes the lion appear larger, and it helps the lion during fights with other lions and other animals. Lions with darker, longer and fuller manes are healthy and strong.

Scanning for Information

Circle the correct answer.

A

Reading Skill Tip

When you scan, don’t read every word, and don’t stop when you see a word you don’t know. Read quickly and stop only to find the information you are looking for.

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Organizing Information: Sequencing

Complete the timeline.

B

Organizing the main events of the passage in time order can help you to understand them better.

Lesson 01 15

Lions lived all around the world.

Lions were common in ______________

_________________________________

_________________________________.

Lions were _____________ in Europe.

Lions lived in _______________.

The last lions in ____________ disappeared.

Lions disappeared from the rest of _______

__________ after the arrival of firearms.

Lions became extinct in North ________

and the Middle East. They also disappeared from ________ and most of northern India.

About 300 lions live in a ____________ area in and around northwestern India.

_________

years ago

300 BC until 500 AD

10^th century

Now ______ century

late 19^th century

~ early 20^th century _________

years ago

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Understanding Words in Context

C

1. In line 11, what does the word ‘rare‘ mean?

a. unusual b. common c. often seen

2. In line 23, what does the word ‘protected‘ mean?

a. endangered b. prepared c. preserved

Identifying Referents

D

1. In line 11, what does they refer to?

a. historians b. lions c. philosophers

2. In line 19, what does this refer to?

a. 18th Century b. late 19^th~early 20^th Century c. 21^st Century

Making Inferences

E

1. Why do you think lions disappeared from central Asia in the 18^th century?

a. They were moved to Africa by soldiers.

b. They were traded for guns.

c. They were killed by hunters.

2. What kind of place do you think the Gir Forest is?

a. a zoo where lions and other wild animals are kept b. a national park and a wildlife sanctuary

c. a forest which is good for camping and hiking

Identifying Purpose

F

1. Why does the writer mention the Yukon and Peru in line 5?

a. because many lions lived there

b. because the Yukon is in North American and Peru is in South America c. because the Yukon and Peru are big cities

2. Why does the writer mention Aristotle in line 10?

a. because he lived in Greece

b. because he reported seeing lions in Europe c. because he saw the last lion in Europe

A referent refers to something that has been mentioned before.

Substitute the possible answer for the referent and see if the sentence makes sense.

While making inferences, you combine the information in the passage with your general knowledge.

Find out why the writer includes a certain piece of information in the passage.

Think about how the target word is related to the topic of the passage.

Then look at the words around the target word to guess its meaning.

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Synonyms and Antonyms

Fill in the blanks using the words in the box above.

A-2

Vocabulary Practice

Fill in the blanks.

A-1

Lesson 01 17

Writing Practice

Write your opinion and share it with your class.

C

Discussion

Talk with your partner and then have a class discussion.

B

3. After Reading

1. Dinosaurs became _________________ millions of years ago.

2. Dogs and tigers are _________________, but snakes and lizards are reptiles.

3. Information technology will improve in the 21st _________________.

4. It’s illegal to carry _________________ in this country.

5. I liked the beginning, but _________________ the story was very boring.

6. Socrates was a famous _________________ in Greece.

7. It gets very cold in the northern _________________ of Canada.

8. I think this book is useful _________________ interesting.

1. Why do you think lions once lived all around the world?

2. Why do you think lions disappeared from Europe?

3. What can people do to protect the lions in Africa and India?

the rest of mammals as well as firearms

century extinct philosopher region

I think the number of lions will ( increase / decrease ) in the future because ________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________.

1 2 3

area all dead and also

=

4 5

guns 100 years

=

= synonym antonym

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Lesson 2

Discussion A

Key Vocabulary

Look for the words in bold type in the passage on the opposite page.

Write each word next to its definition using the base form of the word.

B

1. Look at the picture above and discuss.

a. What is happening in the pictures?

b. Would you like to have a pet tiger?

2. Do you agree or disagree? Compare and discuss your answers.

a. Tigers make very good pets. Agree Disagree b. Caring for a tiger is very expensive. Agree Disagree c. The life of a pet tiger is happy. Agree Disagree

1. ________________ regretfully, sadly

2. ________________ meeting, communicating or touching 3. ________________ having someone you know and like with you 4. ________________ to produce young animals

5. ________________ enough

6. ________________ as someone or something says

7. ________________ a group of people who join together for a special reason

8. ________________ a person who has a job that requires advanced education or training

Tigers as Pets

1. Pre-Reading

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Tigers as Pets Tigers as Pets

A tiger in captivity.

Tigers can swim well.

An adult tiger.

Track 02

Having a pet tiger would be great, wouldn’t it? It seems that many people agree, at least in the United States. The US Association of Zoos and Aquariums says that there are 12,000 privately owned pet tigers in the U.S.A.

12,000 is a very large number of tigers. It is much more than the number of tigers living in the wild. Scientists think that there are only 2,000 to 3,000 wild tigers left. Why are there so many pet tigers? One reason is that tigers breed well in captivity. That means that the price of a baby tiger is quite low, sometimes just 500 dollars.

Unfortunately, tigers don’t make very good pets. Caring for a big cat is very expensive, difficult and dangerous. As cubs, they may live inside with their owner, play safely and look very cute.

However, when they grow up they cannot be trusted. They still want to attack and bite like a wild tiger. According to big cat trainers, only 1 in 8 big cats can be trained sufficiently to have contact with humans. That’s after training by a professional! For

this reason, nearly all pet tigers live in a cage.

Because they must always live in a cage, the life of a pet tiger is sometimes unhappy. They must be locked away so their owner can clean the cage and feed them. It is not safe to touch the tiger. Pet tigers are most often

kept for show rather than

for companionship. Is that the kind of pet you would want? ^{256 words}

Lesson 02 19

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25 Fact File 1 Did you know?

Lions have been known to breed with tigers to create hybrids called “ligers”

and “tigons.” The liger is a cross between a male lion and a female tiger. The tigon is a cross between a male tiger and a female lion. Tigons are less common than ligers.

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2. During Reading

1. How many wild tigers are left in the world?

a. 12,000 b. 500

c. 2,000 to 3,000

2. Why can’t people trust pet tigers?

a. because they need training

b. because they want to attack and bite c. because they are different from wild tigers

3. What is one of the reasons that there are so many pet tigers?

a. Tigers make very good pets.

b. Tigers breed well in captivity.

c. People love pet tigers.

4. Which sentence about baby tigers is true?

a. Baby tigers are very expensive.

b. Baby tigers are safe to play with.

c. Baby tigers are easy to train.

5. Which sentence about pet tigers is NOT true?

a. There are more pet tigers than wild tigers.

b. It’s very expensive and difficult to take care of big cats such as tigers.

c. Pet tigers are mostly kept for companionship.

Scanning for Information

A

When you scan, don’t read every word, and don’t stop when you see a word you don’t know. Read quickly and stop only to find the information you are looking for.

Fact File 2 Did you know?

Unlike lions, which live in groups, tigers are solitary animals. The male and female tiger come together for mating, but the female tiger cares for her cubs alone.

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1. Which is the main idea of paragraph 2?

a. Tigers live in the wild.

b. There are more pet tigers than wild tigers.

c. The price of a baby tiger is quite low.

d. There are 2000 to 3000 wild tigers left.

2. Which is the main idea of paragraph 3?

a. Most pet tigers live in a cage.

b. Only 1 in 8 big cats can have contact with humans.

c. Tigers don’t make good pets.

d. Pet tigers want to attack and bite like a wild tiger.

Every paragraph has a main idea. Often, but not always, the main idea is contained in a topic sentence.

When you compare and contrast, you explore the similarities and differences between two or more things.

Lesson 02 21

Identifying Main Ideas

B-1

Organizing Information: Compare and Contrast

Complete the chart.

B-2

Baby tigers as pets

1. not expensive

2. may live inside with their owners 3. __________________________

4. __________________________

Grown-up tigers as pets 1. expensive

2. __________________________

3. __________________________

4. __________________________

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Understanding Words in Context

C

1. In line 8, what does the word ‘captivity’ mean?

a. being able to move around freely b. being kept in a place that they cannot leave c. being trained by their owners

2. In line 14, what does the word ’trusted’ mean?

a. believed b. touched c. trained

Identifying Referents

D

1. In line 19, what does they refer to?

a. pet owners b. wild tigers c. pet tigers

2. In line 26, what does that refer to?

a. pets being kept for show

b. pets being kept for companionship c. pets you can touch and play with

Making Inferences

E

1. In line 1, “It seems that many people agree, at least in the United States.” How does the writer know that?

a. because it is great to have a pet tiger

b. because the writer asked people whether they agree or not c. because there are many pet tigers in the U.S.A.

2. In line 16, “Only 1 in 8 big cats can be trained sufficiently to have contact with humans.” What does this sentence mean?

a. It takes long time to train tigers.

b. It’s impossible to train tigers.

c. It’s very difficult to train tigers.

Identifying Purpose

F

1. Why does the writer ask a question in line 26, “Is that the kind of pet you would want”?

a. to ask readers what kind of pet they want

b. to make readers think about having a tiger as a pet c. to find out whether readers want to have tigers as pets

A referent refers to something that has been mentioned before.

Substitute the possible answer for the referent and see if the sentence makes sense.

While making inferences, you combine the information in the passage with your general knowledge.

Find out why the writer includes a certain piece of information in the passage.

Think about how the target word is related to the topic of the passage.

Then look at the words around the target word to guess its meaning.

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Vocabulary Practice

Fill in the blanks.

A-1

Synonyms and Antonyms

Fill in the blanks using the words in the box above.

A-2

Lesson 02 23

Writing Practice

Write your opinion and share it with your class.

C

Discussion

Talk with your partner and then have a class discussion.

B

3. After Reading

1. When animals _________________, they have babies.

2. FIFA is the international football _________________.

3. People have pets for _________________. Pets are like friends for some people.

4. I would like to help you but, _________________, I don’t have any time.

5. It will rain tomorrow _________________ the weather forecast.

6. I’m still in _________________ with my classmates from elementary school.

7. A _________________ has a job that requires advanced education and or training.

8. She was confident because she had prepared for her presentation _________________.

1. What are the good points and bad points of owning a pet tiger?

2. Why do you think people have pets?

3. Which animals make good pets? Why?

association contact according to sufficiently

unfortunately professional companionship breed

I ( think / don’t think ) it would be great to have a pet tiger because ______________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________.

1 2 3

organization touch company

=

4 5 6

enough luckily amateur

=

= synonym antonym

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Review Review

Main Ideas and Supporting Details

Choose and write the three main ideas of each passage. There are two supporting details.

A

① Pet tigers are kept for show rather than for companionship.

② Lions in Asia disappeared later than lions in Europe.

③ Caring for a pet tiger is very expensive, difficult and dangerous.

④ Now, lions are found only in some parts of India and Africa.

⑤ 12,000 is a large number of tigers.

⑥ Until 10,000 years ago, lions lived all around the world.

⑦ Firearms arrived in Asia in the 18th century.

⑧ There are more pet tigers than wild tigers.

1. Summary and Discussion

Connecting Lesson 1 & Lesson 2

Discussion

Talk with a partner and then have a class discussion.

B

1. What was the most interesting fact you learned?

2. What can we do to protect big cats?

3. Where can you find more information about big cats?

Lesson

1

^Summary: Lions Around the World

●__________________________________________________________

Lesson

2

^Summary: Tigers as Pets

●__________________________________________________________

Collect the main ideas to complete the summary.

A passage has one or more main ideas which give us the most important information in that passage.

Supporting details explain, give examples or give more information about the main ideas.

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Review 25

Crossword Puzzle

Complete the puzzle.

B

Word Definition

Circle the best answer.

A

century companionship sufficiently firearms

the rest of mammals philosopher professional

2. Vocabulary Review

1. extinct a. dangerous b. no longer living c. nearly dead 2. unfortunately a. unsafely b. unhappily c. unluckily

3. breed a. have babies b. grow up c. decrease

4. region a. area b. mountain c. forest

5. association a. individual b. no connection c. group of people

6. contact a. touch b. think c. create

7. according to a. like b. as said by c. together with 8. as well as a. very good b. however c. and also

1. You need special permission to carry ___.

2. The 20^th ___ was the period from 1901 to 2000.

3. The ___ asked a question about life and death.

4. We all understood because he explained it ___.

5. He went to school and ___ us went home.

6. This machine needs to be checked by a ___.

7. I enjoy the ___ of my friends.

8. ___ don’t lay eggs. They give birth to babies.

Down Across

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