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Computational Photography

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Computational Photography

Digital Visual Effects g Yung-Yu Chuang

with slides by Fredo Durand Ramesh Raskar Sylvain Paris Soonmin Bae Amit Agrawal with slides by Fredo Durand, Ramesh Raskar, Sylvain Paris, Soonmin Bae, Amit Agrawal, Ramesh Raskar

Computational photography

wikipedia:

C i l h h f b dl

Computational photography refers broadly to computational imaging techniques that enhance

t d th biliti f di it l h t h or extend the capabilities of digital photography.

The output of these techniques is an ordinary h t h b t th t ld t h b photograph, but one that could not have been taken by a traditional camera.

What is computational photography

• Convergence of image processing, computer vision computer graphics and photography vision, computer graphics and photography

• Digital photography:

– Simply mimics traditional sensors and recording by digital technology

I l l i l i i

– Involves only simple image processing

• Computational photography

– More elaborate image manipulation, more computation

– New types of media (panorama, 3D, etc.)

– Camera design that take computation into account

Computational photography

• One of the most exciting fields.

S i C i l Ph h d

• Symposium on Computational Photography and Video, 2005

• Full-semester courses in MIT, CMU, Stanford, GaTech, University of Delaware

• A new book by Raskar and Tumblin in SIGGRAPH 2007.

• IEEE International Conference on computational Photography San Francisco 2009

Photography, San Francisco, 2009.

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Siggraph 2006 Papers (16/86=18.6%) gg p p ( )

Hybrid Images Drag-and-Drop Pasting

Two-scale Tone Management for Photographic Look Two scale Tone Management for Photographic Look Interactive Local Adjustment of Tonal Values Image-Based Material Editing

Flash Matting

Natural Video Matting using Camera Arrays Removing Camera Shake From a Single Photograph Coded Exposure Photography: Motion Deblurring Photo Tourism: Exploring Photo Collections in 3D Photo Tourism: Exploring Photo Collections in 3D AutoCollage

Photographing Long Scenes With Multi-Viewpoint Panoramas Projection Defocus Analysis for Scene Capture and Image Display M lti i R di l C t di t i I i f S C t

Multiview Radial Catadioptric Imaging for Scene Capture Light Field Microscopy

Fast Separation of Direct and Global Components of a Scene Using High Frequency Illumination

Siggraph 2007 Papers (23/108=21.3%) gg p p ( )

Image Deblurring with Blurred/Noisy Image Pairs Photo Clip Art

Scene Completion Using Millions of Photographsp g g p

Soft Scissors: An Interactive Tool for Realtime High Quality Matting Seam Carving for Content-Aware Image Resizing

Detail-Preserving Shape Deformation in Image Editing Veiling Glare in High Dynamic Range Imaging Veiling Glare in High Dynamic Range Imaging

Do HDR Displays Support LDR content? A Psychophysical Evaluation Ldr2hdr: On-the-fly Reverse Tone Mapping of Legacy Video and Photographs Rendering for an Interactive 360-Degree Light Field Display

Multiscale Shape and Detail Enhancement from Multi light Image Collections Multiscale Shape and Detail Enhancement from Multi-light Image Collections Post-Production Facial Performance Relighting Using Reflectance Transfer Active Refocusing of Images and Videos

Multi-aperture Photography

Dappled Photography: Mask-Enhanced Cameras for Heterodyned Light Fields and Coded Aperture Refocusing

Image and Depth from a Conventional Camera with a Coded Aperture Capturing and Viewing Gigapixel Images

Efficient Gradient-Domain Compositing Using Quadtrees Image Upsampling via Imposed Edges Statistics Joint Bilateral Upsampling

Factored Time-Lapse Videop Computational Time-Lapse Video

Real-Time Edge-Aware Image Processing With the Bilateral Grid

Siggraph 2009 Papers (17/78=21.8%)

Gaussian KD-Trees for Fast High-Dimensional Filtering Edge-Avoiding Wavelets and their Applications Multi-operator Media Retargeting

PatchMatch: A Randomized Correspondence Algorithm for Structural Image Editing Modeling Human Color Perception under Extended Luminance Levels

Moving Gradients: A Path-Based Method for Plausible Image Interpolation Optimizing Content-Preserving Projections for Wide-Angle Images Content-Preserving Warps for 3D Video Stabilization

Visio-lization: Generating Novel Facial Images Coordinates for Instant Image Cloning SkyFinder: Attribute-based Sky Image Search Paint Selection

Video SnapCut: Robust Video Object Cutout Using Localized Classifiers Invertible Motion Blur in Video

Dark Flash Photography

4D Frequency Analysis of Computational Cameras for Depth of Field Extension Bokode: Imperceptible Visual Tags for Camera-based Interaction from a Distance p p g

Scope

• We can’t yet set its precise definition. The following are scopes of what researchers are following are scopes of what researchers are exploring in this field.

R d i h i l i – Record a richer visual experience

– Overcome long-standing limitations of conventional cameras

cameras

– Enable new classes of visual signal

Enable synthesis impossible photos

– Enable synthesis impossible photos

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Scope

• Image formation

• Color and color perception perception

• Demosaicing

• Demosaicing

Scope

• Panoramic imaging

• Image and video registration

• Spatial warping operations

Scope

• High Dynamic Range Imaging g g g

• Bilateral filtering and HDR display

• Matting

Scope

• Active flash methods

• Lens technology

Flash

• Lens technology

• Depth and defocus

No-flash No flash our

lt

result

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Removing Photography Artifacts using Gradient Projection and Flash-Exposure Sampling

Projection and Flash Exposure Sampling Continuous flash

Flash = 0.0 Flash = 1.0

Flash = 0.3 Flash = 0.7 Flash = 1.4

Flash matting Depth Edge Detection and Stylized

Rendering Using a Multi-Flash Camera

Rendering Using a Multi-Flash Camera

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Dark flash photography Motion-Based Motion Deblurring

Removing Camera Shake from a Single Photograph

Single Photograph Motion Deblurring using Fluttered Shutter

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Scope

• Future cameras

• Plenoptic function and light fields p g

Scope

• Gradient image manipulation

Scope

• Taking great pictures

Art Wolfe Ansel Adams

Scope

• Non-parametric image synthesis image synthesis, inpainting,

analogies

analogies

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Scope

Motion analysis analysis

Image Inpainting

Object Removal by

Exemplar Based Inpainting Exemplar-Based Inpainting

Image Completion with

Structure Propagation

Structure Propagation

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Lazy snapping Grab Cut - Interactive Foreground Extraction using Iterated Graph Cuts Extraction using Iterated Graph Cuts

Tools

• Graph cuts, Graph cuts,

– Segmentation and mosaicing

• Gradient domain operations,

– Tone mapping, fusion and matting

• Bilateral filters,

– Denoising, image enhancement g, g

參考文獻

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• Johannes Kopf, Michael Cohen, Dani Lischinski, Matt Uyttendaele, Joint Bilateral Upsampling, SIGGRAPH 2007. • Jiawen Chen, Sylvain Paris, Fredo Durand, Real-time Edge-Aware

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• In Shutter-speed priority mode, photographers sets the shutter speed and the camera deduces the aperture. • In Program mode, the camera