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(1)

Prevention and Control

of Communicable Diseases in

Kindergartens / Child Care Centres / Schools

Infection Control Branch

Sep 2017

(2)

Contents

• Introduction

• Infection control in schools / centres

• A brief introduction on the “Guidelines on Prevention of Communicable Diseases in Schools / KG /

KG-Cum-CCC / CCC”

• Sentinel surveillance

• Leaflets and posters

• Videos

• Health advices

• Letter to schools/ kindergartens

(3)

Introduction

• Communicable diseases can easily spread

through close person-to person contact in children

• Prevention, early detection and management

Prevent the spread of communicable diseases

• Roles of school / centre staff are important

• Designated staff should coordinate and monitor the implementation of preventive and control

measures for communicable diseases

(4)

Infection Control in Schools/ Centres

1. Guideline

2. Sentinel surveillance 3. Leaflets and posters 4. Videos

5. Health talks

6. Letter to schools/ kindergartens

(5)

Guidelines on

Prevention of Communicable Diseases in

Schools / KG / KG-Cum-CCC / CCC

(6)

Guidelines on Prevention of

Communicable Diseases in Schools/

KG/ KG-Cum-CCC / CCC

http://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/guidelines_on_prevention_of_communicable_diseases_in_schools_kindergartens_kindergartens_cum_child_care- centres_child_are_centres_chi.pdf

(7)

Contents in Guideline

7 major sections

1. Concepts of communicable diseases

2. Communicable diseases in schools/ centres 3. General guidelines on prevention of

communicable diseases

4. Preventive measures to be adopted by schools/

centres against communicable diseases 5. Outbreak of communicable diseases

6. Roles of school/ centre staff and related support

7. Appendix (15 attachments)

(8)

What are Communicable Diseases?

• Infective agents (pathogens)

• Transmission

 Invade the body or release toxins

 Damage normal body cells and their functions

 In severe cases, they may lead to death

Bacteria Viruses Fungi Parasite

(9)

Transmission of

Communicable Diseases

Infective agents

Mode of

transmission

Host

(susceptible population)

Crucial factors for the spread of communicable diseases

Infection cannot occur if any factor is missing

(10)

General Guidelines on

Prevention of Communicable Diseases

Controlling crucial factors →Break the chain of infection

→Control the spread of communicable diseases

Preventive measures

 Disinfection to kill the

infective agents

 Early detection, isolation and treatment

 Removal of breeding sites

 Maintenance of good environmental, personal and food hygiene

 Adoption of infection control measures appropriate to the different modes of transmission

 Building up personal immunity by immunisation and healthy lifestyles

(11)

Mode of transmission

1.2.3 mode of transmission

(12)

Contents in Guideline

7 major sections

1. Concepts of communicable diseases

2. Communicable diseases in schools/ centres 3. General guidelines on prevention of

communicable diseases

4. Preventive measures to be adopted by schools/

centres against communicable diseases 5. Outbreak of communicable diseases

6. Roles of school/ centre staff and related support

7. Appendix (15 attachments)

(13)

Examples of Communicable Diseases in Schools/ Centres

• Typical signs and symptoms

 Fever

 Vesicles HFM

• Subtle signs and symptoms

 Crying and nagging for no reason, restlessness

 Loss of appetite

 Lack of energy

 Shortness of breath

 Frequent eye rubbing

 Frequent scratching

(14)

Measuring Body Temperature

Importance:

Body temperature varies with age, time of day and level of physical activity. For screening purpose, temperature above the reference range will be considered as significant and one should consult a doctor for suspected fever.

Measuring method Celsius scale (℃) Fahrenheit scale (℉)

Ear 38.5 ℃ 100.4 ℉

Rectal 38.5 ℃ 100.4 ℉

Oral 37.5 ℃ 99.5 ℉

Armpit 37.3 ℃ 99.1 ℉

(15)

Child Health Records

• Maintain proper personal health records for each child

• Check and record children temperatures regularly

• Most children develop fever / Some children have fluctuating temperature when infected

 Vigilant to identify children with fever

 Influenza season

 Outbreak of communicable diseases

• Pay more attention to young children who have special health conditions since they are more vulnerable to

infection

(16)

• Personal hygiene

• Food hygiene

• Environmental hygiene

• Vaccination

General guidelines on

prevention of communicable diseases

(17)

Personal Hygiene

(18)

Researches show

Performing Hand Hygiene properly is the most effective way to prevent the spread of

communicable diseases

Hand Hygiene

Student A

(19)

Hand Hygiene

• Supervise children to develop good hand hygiene habits

• Indicate the moments for hand hygiene

(20)

Hand Hygiene

• Either hand washing or proper use of alcohol-based handrub can achieve hand hygiene

• Provide adequate hand hygiene facilities in the schools / centres

• Liquid soap, paper towel or hand dryer

• Proper means for hand drying: disposable paper towel or hand dryer

• Put up hand hygiene posters to remind others the importance of hand hygiene

(21)

Hand Hygiene

Wash hand with soap and water when hands are visibly soiled or likely contaminated with body fluid, e.g. after using the toilet, after coughing or sneezing

Handwashing with soap and water

(22)

Hand Hygiene

When hand are not visibly soiled, 70-80%

alcohol-based handrub is effective for

disinfection

Use of alcohol-based handrub

(23)

Respiratory hygiene

Instruct the children to maintain respiratory hygiene practices

Visual alert

☺ Post up posters

• Cover both the nose and mouth with a handkerchief or tissue paper when coughing or sneezing

• Wrap up sputum with tissue paper and discard it into garbage bins with lids

• Wash hands immediately after contacting respiratory secretions or touching objects contaminated with respiratory secretions

• Put on a surgical mask for those with respiratory infection symptoms

(24)

Points to note about wearing a surgical mask

• Choose the appropriate mask size. Child size is available for children

• Perform hand hygiene before putting on a mask

• The coloured side of the mask faces outwards, with the metallic strip uppermost

• For those masks without a coloured side, the side with folds facing downwards on the outside

• The metallic strip moulds to the bridge of the nose and the mask should fit snugly over the face

• Extend the mask to fully cover mouth, nose and chin

• Try not to touch the mask once it is secured on the face. If you must do so, wash hands before and after touching the mask

• After taking off the mask, put it into a rubbish bin with a lid and perform hand hygiene immediately

(25)

Food Hygiene

• Choice of food

 Buy fresh meat and vegetables

 Do not patronise illegal food hawkers

 Do not buy packaged food without proper labelling, beyond its expiry date or with damaged packages

• Preparation of food

 Wash hands properly before preparing food

 Wash food thoroughly, and scrub with a brush when appropriate

 Handle and store raw food and cooked food

separately. Use separate knives and chopping boards for each to avoid cross-contamination

 Cook food thoroughly before consumption

(26)

Food Hygiene

• Storage of food

 Store food in well-covered containers

 Never leave perishable food in room temperature

 Keep the refrigerator clean and function properly, and clean it at regular intervals. Keep the temperature

inside the refrigerator at or below 4℃ and the freezer at or below -18℃

 Temperature of each refrigerator should be recorded regularly in a temperature log book

 Cold foods should be kept at 4℃ or below

 Store perishable food in the refrigerator immediately after purchase

(27)

Environmental Hygiene

(28)

Environmental Hygiene

Maintain good indoor ventilation to remove or dilute the infective agents in the air

Open windows wide

Turn on fans or exhaust fans

Clean air-filters regularly

(29)

Environmental Hygiene

Since infective agents can survive in the

environment for a period of time, it is essential to observe proper environmental hygiene

Choice of disinfectants

 Different types of disinfectants can be used to clean the environment

 Household bleach, which normally contains 5.25% hypochlorite solution, is the most

convenient and effective disinfectant

 General cleaning:

1 in 99 diluted household bleach (5.25%)

 Places contaminated with respiratory secretions, vomitus or excreta:

1 in 49 diluted household bleach

 Use 70% alcohol for disinfection of metal surfaces

(30)

Clean and disinfect the area of schools / centres daily

including classrooms, playrooms, kitchens, canteens, toilets, bathrooms

Environmental Hygiene

(31)

• Toys and equipment should be cleaned thoroughly

Increase the cleansing frequency of frequently touched surfaces such as computer keyboards, handrails

Reminder:

To prevent items from contamination

• Clean and disinfect school buses daily

Environmental Hygiene

(32)

Vaccination

Remind parents to vaccinate their children according to the childhood immunisation programme

recommended by CHP

Childhood immunisation programe

Childhood influenza vaccination

subsidy scheme

(33)

Infection Control in Schools/ Centres

1. Guideline

2. Sentinel surveillance 3. Leaflets and posters 4. Videos

5. Health talks

6. Letter to schools/ kindergartens

(34)

Sentinel Surveillance

(35)

Leaflets and Posters

(36)

Videos

http://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/video_for_prevention_of_communicable_diseases_ccc.pdf

(37)

Health Talk

• Hand, foot and mouth disease

• Influenza

• Outbreak of communicable diseases

(38)

Letter to schools/ kindergartens

(39)

Letter to schools/ kindergartens

Prevent influenza and respiratory tract infection

• If students/ children develop fever and symptoms of respiratory tract infection, advise them to stay at home for rest until fever has subsided for at least 2 days

• Staff with respiratory illnesses who are suspected to be epidemiologically linked to an outbreak should refrain from work

 Report promptly to CHP if notice an increase in cases of respiratory illnesses or absenteeism

(Tel: 2477 2772, Fax: 2477 2770)

(40)

Infection Control in Schools/ Centres

• To develop variety of infection control information

• To enhance communication mechanism

• To ensure a delightful learning environment to

support the healthy development of children

(41)

Thank You

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