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Muscle Tissue 肌肉組織

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(1)

Histology

Muscle Tissue 肌肉組織

Muscular Tissue

高雄醫學大學醫學系解剖學科

黃宏圖教授

(2)

肌肉組織

• 肌肉組織 主要是由 肌肉細胞(muscle cells)所組 成的,其實在肌肉細胞 旁常伴隨著 豐富的 微 血管、結締組織和神經。

• 肌肉組織 是 一種 有能力收縮的 組織。

• 在人體軀幹四肢 的體壁上長有 幾百塊的 骨骼 肌 ,各塊肌肉都取了醫學名詞,短的約幾公 分長,長的也會大到幾十公分長。

• 內臟如心臟 富含 心肌組織,其他內臟如 腸道、

泌尿道、呼吸道、生殖道 和血管壁 都含有豐 富的 平滑肌組織。

(3)

Function of Muscle cells

• The dorminant function of muscle cells is to generate force through contraction.

• In these specialized contractile cells,

movement is generated by interaction of the proteins actin and myosin (contractile

proteins).

(4)

Contractile Units

Single-cell contractile units 單細胞收縮單位 Myoepithelial cells

Pericytes

Myofibroblasts

Multicellular contractile units 多細胞收縮單位 Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle

(5)

Skeletal Muscle and Connective Tissue

The whole muscle mass in invested in a dense collagenous sheath called the epimysium (肌外 ).

The individual muscle cells are grouped together into elongated bundles called fascuculi or fascicles with delicate supporting tissue called endomysium (肌內衣)occupying the spaces between individual muscle fibers.

Each muscle fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers 肌束) is surrounded by loose collagenous tissue called perimysium (肌束衣). Most muscles are made up of many fascicles.

(6)

HE stained Cross Section of Skeletal Muscle

F, 骨骼肌細胞束

P, Perimysium肌束衣 En, Endomysium肌內 E,

Epimysium 肌外衣

(7)

High magnification of Cross Section of Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Skeletal muscle cells = skeletal muscle fibers Nu, Nucleus of skeletal muscle fibers stains blue with hematoxylin (蘇木精)

Cytoplasm of

muscle fibers stains reddish with

eosin.(曙紅)

(8)

Longtudinal Section of Skeletal Muscle (骨骼肌 縱切面 )

骨骼肌組織主要由長柱狀具有

橫紋的骨骼肌細胞所組成, 彼此

平行排列,

單一骨骼肌細胞擁有數百個細

胞核, 細胞彼此之間沒直接接觸,

位於骨骼肌細胞之間的組織是 疏鬆結締組織

HE-stained tissue section

Muscle cell showing A bands (暗帶) and I bands (明帶)

(9)

Skeletal Muscle in Embryogenesis在胚 胎發育時 的骨骼肌

During embryological development, the long, mononuclear skeletal muscle precursors are myoblasts (肌芽胞).

(10)

Skeletal Muscle Cells (Skeletal muscle fibers)

Iron hematoxylin-stained cross section of skeletal muscle

Schematic diagram of a

segment of skeletal muscle fiber with many myofibrils that consist of sarcomeres (肌節), contractile units of skeletal muscle cells.

(11)

A segment of a skeletal muscle fiber

Photomicrograph of longitudinal section of a skeletal muscle fiber stained with

Heidenhain’s hematoxylin, composed of alternating light I bands and dark A bands.

Electron micrograph (電顯照片 ) of a

segment of longtudinally sectioned skeletal muscle fiber.

(12)

Arrangement of myofilaments in the

sarcomere (在肌節裡面的肌絲排列)

(13)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth

endoplasmic reticulum) and T tubules of skeletal muscle fiber

Triad of skeletal muscle fiber Two termial cisterns of

sarcoplasmic reticulum a T tubule and

(14)

Longitudinal section showing A band and I band of sarcomere in skeletal

muscle fiber

骨骼肌細胞 (縱切

) 的 一部份 細胞 質的 電子顯微照

(15)

skeletal muscle fiber (橫切面) and

intercellular space

(16)

Immunohistochemical stain for

dystrophin, the linkage proteins that are closely associated with the skeletal

muscle cell membrane

骨骼肌組織的 橫切面。

骨骼肌細胞的 表面染成 褐色 是 含有

dystrophin。

(17)

Skeletal muscle blood supply

Endothelial cells stain brown with immunohistochemical technique.

Blood vessels (血管) have been injected with red gel.

A small artery (A) running in the permysium can be seen, giving off capillaries which branch out and run along the length of the muscle fibers.

(18)

Smooth Muscle Tissue (平滑肌組織)

• Smooth muscle tissue consists of elongated,

spindle-shaped cells (平滑肌細胞呈紡綞形) with tapered end which may occasionally be

bifurcated.

• Smooth muscle fibers are generally much shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and contain only one nucleus (平滑肌細胞含有單一細胞核).

• 平滑肌細胞的細胞質 沒有橫紋,但是也含有 大量的 肌絲。

(19)

Smooth Muscle

HE-stained longitudinal section of smooth muscle

Smooth muscle fibers are elongated, spindle-shaped cells with tapered ends.

Masson trichrome-stained

(20)

HE-stained Longitunal section of

smooth muscle

(21)

HE-stained cross section of smooth

muscle

(22)

Cross section of the wall of ileum

showing inner circular and outer

longtudinal layers of smooth muscle

(23)

Transmission electron micrograph of

smooth muscle

(24)

Relaxed state of smooth muscle fiber

(鬆弛狀態的 平滑肌細胞)

(25)

Contracted state of smooth muscle

fiber (收縮狀態的平滑肌細胞)

(26)

Cardiac Muscle Tissue (心肌組織)

• Cardiac msucle fibers are essentially long,

cylindrical cells with one or two nuclei which are centrally located within the cell. The ends of the fibers are split longitudinally into a small number of branches, the ends of which abut onto similar

branches of adjacent cells, giving the impression of a continuous three-dimentional cytoplamic

network.

• 心肌細胞會有分支,細胞分支彼此會連接著 形

成 閏板(Intercalated Disc),是由 細胞聯結 構成

的,此處細胞膜含有離子通道,能互通訊息。

(27)

Cardiac muscle (myocardium)

(28)

Cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiac muscle cells

Longitudinal section Cross section

(29)

Longitudinal section of cardiac muscle

IC, Intercalated Disk

N, Nucleus

(30)

Intercalated disc (D)

(31)

Transmission electron micrograph of

cardiac muscle

(32)

Sarcomere of cardiac muscle cell

(33)

EM of intercalated disc

(34)

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