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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告

計畫名稱:精胺酸添加對燒燙傷老鼠免疫功能及營養素代謝之影響(2/2)

Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Immune Response and Nutrients Metabolism in Thermal Injured Mice (2/2)

計畫類別:個別型計畫

計畫編號:NSC-90-2320-B038-037

執行期間:89 年 8 月 1 日 91 年 7 月 31 日

第二年計畫執行期間:90 年 8 月 1 日 91 年 7 月 31 日 計畫主持人:葉松鈴

計畫參與人員:蔡蕙如

執行單位:台北醫學院保健營養系所

中華民國九十一年九月二日

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中文摘要

本年度計劃探討 Arg 添加對燒傷時特異性抗體產生,及 T 淋巴球分布情形之影 響。由於燒燙傷病患最常被綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)感染,本研究以綠 膿桿菌疫苗在燒傷前注入,來研究燒傷前後不同時間點特異性綠膿桿菌抗體產生 之情形。實驗以剛斷奶之雄性 BALB/c mice 為對象,將老鼠分成 2 組,一組添加 2﹪的 Arginine,另一組以等氮量之 Glycine 取代之,兩組除添加之胺基酸不同外,

其餘飼料組成均完全相同。實驗開始前先眼窩採血當成測量抗體之基準值,並將 綠膿桿菌疫苗(PEIF)注入老鼠背部皮下,在第四週時給予第二次疫苗注射,實驗 期共 7 週。在第七週結束時將老鼠引致 30%燒傷,並於燒傷後 24 小時犧牲取血 及器官,測定 T 淋巴球分布情形,及各不同時間點抗體產生之情形。結果顯示 在 T 淋巴球分布方面,不論是 CD3, CD4, CD8 在兩組之間均無差異。特異性綠 膿桿菌抗體之產生,則在燒傷前的各時間點及燒傷後 Arg 添加組均顯著較控制組 高。結果也顯示 Arg 添加組其肝、腎中抗氧化酵素活性,及過氧化物產生量均顯 著較控制組為低。此結果顯示 Arg 之添加有促進體液性免疫反應之作用,但 CD4 T 細胞之增生可能不是特異性抗體產生之原因。對注射綠膿桿菌疫苗的老鼠而 言,Arg 之添加仍然有減少因燒傷引致氧化壓力增加的情形,而體液性免疫反應 增強可能在降低燒傷時氧自由基之產生上扮演一個角色。

關鍵字:燒傷,精胺酸,抗氧化酵素活性,抗體,疫苗,綠膿桿菌

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of arginine (Arg) supplementation on specific antibody production and antioxidant enzyme activities in burned mice vaccinated with detoxified Pseudomonas exotoxin A linked with the outer membrane proteins I and F, named PEIF. Fifty BALB/c mice were assigned to 2 groups. One group was fed a control diet with casein as the protein source, while the other group was supplemented with 2% Arg in addition to casein. The 2 groups were isonitrogenous. The mice were immunized twice with PEIF, and the production of specific antibodies against PEIF was measured every week. After 8 weeks, all mice received a 30% body surface area burn injury. Mice were sacrificed 24h after the burn. The antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxides in the tissues as well as the specific antibody production were analyzed. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cell populations between the 2 groups. The production of specific antibodies against P. aeruginosa significantly increased in the Arg group at 4 and 7 weeks after immunization, and 24 h after the burn. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxides in tissues were significantly lower in the Arg

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oxidative stress induced by burn injury.

Key words: Burns, Arginine, Antioxidant enzyme activity, Antibody, vaccination, P.

aeruginosa.

計畫緣由與目的

燒燙傷是一種嚴重的發炎反應,會造成生理、生化代謝反應上極大的變化。

有研究顯示燒傷病人免疫功能會降低,腸道免疫功能受損,造成細菌轉移,而使 病人較易產生敗血性之併發症。另外燒傷也會促使活性氧自由基之產生,而使遠 離燒傷部位之器官受損。精胺酸(Arginine, Arg)是一種非必需胺基酸,但近年來 的研究顯示在重大疾病及生理壓力如燒傷時,體內 Arg 的濃度會降低,而 Arg 之添加有助於回復血中 Arg 濃度,並促進燒傷老鼠組織蛋白之合成,降低死亡 率,Arg 被認為在異化狀況下是一種必需胺基酸。本計劃為兩年計劃在第一年之 結果報告中,我們發現飲食中添加 Arg 可顯著降低燒傷引致之器官過氧化物的產 生,同時器官中抗氧化酵素之活性亦較低,推測 Arg 之添加應可使器官因燒傷引 致之氧化傷害降低。另外 Arg 之添加可使燒傷引致之血中 glutamine 及 Arg 濃度 降低之情況獲得改善,顯示 Arg 燒傷組體組織分解之情形可能較 Gly 組輕微。本 年度計劃著重在 Arg 添加對燒傷時特異性抗體產生,及 T 淋巴球分布情形之影 響。由於燒燙傷病患最常被綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)感染,本研究以綠 膿桿菌疫苗在燒傷前注入,來探討燒傷前後特異性綠膿桿菌抗體產生之情形。

材料與方法

本實驗以 50 隻剛斷奶之雄性 BALB/c mice 為對象,將老鼠分成 2 組,實驗 開始前先眼窩採血當成測量抗體之基準值,並將綠膿桿菌疫苗(PEIF)與 Freund’s complete adjuvant 等量相互乳化後注入老鼠背部皮下,並給予實驗飲食。實驗飲 食分成兩種,一種添加 2﹪的 Arg,另一種以等氮量之 Glycine (Gly)取代之,兩 組除添加之胺基酸不同外,其餘飼料組成均完全相同,protein、fat、carbohydrate 約佔總熱量之 20%、12%、68%。由前驅實驗已得知 PEIF 抗原注入後約在 3-4 週時抗體 titer 達到高峰,此時再追加疫苗則在第 6-7 週時 titer 會再上升,故於第 四週(第 29 天)時給予第二次疫苗加強注射,以增強抗體之分泌,實驗期共 7 週。

在第七週結束時(第 50 天)將老鼠引致 30%燒傷,並於燒傷後 24 小時犧牲取血及 器官。全血以 Flow Cytometry 測定 T 淋巴球分布情形,血漿測定 baseline(第 1 天)、第 29 天、第 50 天(燒傷前)及第 51 天(燒傷後 24 小時)等各不同時間點老鼠 體內抗體產生之情形。並取肝、腎做抗氧化酵素及過氧化物分析。

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結果與討論

本研究結果顯示在 T 淋巴球分布方面,不論是 CD3, CD4, CD8 在兩組之間 均無差異(Table 1)。此結果與 Daly 等人與 Reynold 等人之研究不同,Daly 等人 之研究顯示 Arg 添加會使手術病人 CD4 細胞增加,而 Reynold 等人之研究則顯 示 Arg 會促進 cytotoxic T cell 及 natural killer cell 之活性。由於本研究之設計與 疾病種類與他人之實驗並不相同,因此可能導致不同之研究結果。但在本實驗中 我們發現,特異性綠膿桿菌抗體之產生,在燒傷前的各時間點及燒傷後 Arg 添加 組均顯著較控制組高(Fig 1)。此結果顯示 Arg 之添加有促進體液性免疫反應 (humoral immunity)之作用,但 CD4 T 細胞之增生可能不是特異性抗體產生之原 因。至於特異性抗體產生是否受到體內各種細胞激素分泌之調控,則有待更進一 步之探討。另外實驗結果也顯示 Arg 添加組其肝、腎中抗氧化酵素活性(Fig 2,3),

及過氧化物產生量均顯著較控制組為低(Fig. 4),顯示對注射綠膿桿菌疫苗的老鼠 而言,Arg 之添加仍然有減少因燒傷引致氧化壓力增加的情形,而體液性免疫反 應增強可能在降低燒傷時氧自由基之產生上扮演一個角色。

Table 1. Blood CD4, CD8, CD3 cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio between the 2 groups after the burn

CD4 (%) CD8 (%) CD4/CD8 CD3 (%) Arg 29.4 ± 6.1 12.1 ± 1.5 2.4 ± 0.3 46.9 ± 10.5 Control 29.3 ± 4.1 11.2 ± 2.0 2.6 ± 0.5 49.3 ± 6.6 There were no significant differences in the CD4, CD8, or CD3 populations or the CD4/CD8 ratio between the 2 groups.

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0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

0 week 4 weeks 7 weeks 24 h after the burn OD

405

Arg Control

Fig. 1. Production of PEIF-specific antibodies in the Arg and control groups. Mice were immunized twice with recombinant PEIF protein on days 1 and 28, and sera antibody titers were measured by ELISA at weeks 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The dilution of mice antiserum was 1:1000. * Significant difference between the 2 groups (p <0.05).

0 1 2 3

Liver Lung Kidney

GSHPx (U/g protein)

Ar g Contr ol

Fig. 2. Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities in tissue homogenates between the 2 groups after the burn. * Significant difference between the 2 groups (p <0.05).

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0 5 10 15 20 25

Liver Lung Kidney

SOD(U/g protein)

Arg Control

Fig. 3. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in tissue homogenates between the 2 groups after the burn. * Significant difference between the 2 groups (p <0.05).

0 6 12 18

Liver Kidney

MDA(nmol/g tissue)

Arg Control

Fig. 4. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in liver and kidney between the 2 groups after the burn. * Significant difference between the 2 groups (p <0.05).

計畫成果自評

本計畫均遵照當初之實驗設計進行,並已將兩年之計畫全部執行完成。本計畫之 結果一篇已在”Burns”刊出(2002;28:258-263),一篇已被”Burns”接受,另一篇則已 投稿國外期刊。

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References

1. Till GO, Hatherill JR, Tourtellotte WW, et al. Lipid peroxidation and acute lung injury after thermal trauma to skin. Am J Pathol 1985;119:376-84.

2. Evoy D, Lieberman MD, FaheyIII TJ, et al. Immunonutrition: the role of arginine.

Nutrition 1998;14:611-7.

3. Barbul A, Rettura G, Levenson SM, et al. Wound healing and thymotrophic effects of arginine: a pituritary mechanism of action. Am J Clin Nutr 1983;37:786-94.

4. Daly JM, Reynolds J, Thom A, et al. Immune and metabolic effects of arginine in the surgical patients. Ann Surg 1988;208:512-23.

5. Renolds JV, Daly JM, Zhang S, et al. Immunomodulatory mechanisms of arginine.

Surgery 1988;104:142-151.

數據

Table  1. Blood  CD4,  CD8,  CD3  cells  and  the  CD4/CD8  ratio  between  the  2  groups after the burn
Fig. 1. Production of PEIF-specific antibodies in the Arg and control  groups.    Mice  were  immunized  twice  with  recombinant  PEIF  protein  on  days  1  and  28,  and  sera  antibody  titers  were  measured  by  ELISA  at  weeks  0,  3,  4,  5,  6,
Fig.  3.  Superoxide  dismutase  (SOD)  activities  in  tissue  homogenates  between  the  2  groups after the burn

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