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He was sixty years old

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Appendix A: A Narrative Text (New Hearing Aids)

It was John’s birthday. He was sixty years old. He heard that many people began to have troubles with their eyes and ears when they turned sixty. John decided to go and see the doctor to have his eyes and ears checked.

The doctor gave John some tests. The doctor told John, “Your eyes seem fine, but your hearing is starting to deteriorate. It’s nothing to worry about. It happens to most people when they get older, and it can easily be fixed with a hearing aid.”

John was disappointed. He didn’t really want to wear a hearing aid, but he knew that the doctor was right. He asked the doctor about different kinds of hearing aids.

The doctor showed him several kinds. Some of them were quite large and everybody would be able to see them. Others were much smaller and less noticeable.

“Do the small ones work as well as the large ones?” he asked the doctor.

“Oh, yes,” replied the doctor. “In fact, they are more modern and usually work even better then large ones. However, they are more expensive.”

John tried on the hearing aids. He didn’t like the large ones and decided to get the smallest one he could. It was very expensive and no one would be able to see it. Nobody would guess that he was wearing it.

The doctor ordered a hearing aid for John, and a few days later John picked it up from the doctor. He put it in his ear and went to work. At work, he saw his friend Jack.

“Jack,” he said, “do you notice anything different about me?” John looked at him and shook his head. “No,’ Jack said.

“”Good,” said John. “I’ll tell you a secret, but don’t tell anyone else.

The doctor said my hearing was starting to deteriorate and I needed a hearing aid. I bought a very small one. It was very expensive, but it’s very good. No one can see it.”

“That’s good,” said his friend. “What kind is it?”

John looked at his watch. “Two thirty,” he said.

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Appendix B: A Narrative Text (Nails in the door)

Glen was a smart boy, and his parents loved him very much, but he was often disobedient.

If his mother asked him to tidy his room, he would go and play with his friends instead. If his father asked him to clean the car, he would watch television or play on his computer. If the teachers at school told him to do some homework, he would never do it.

His parents and teacher wondered how they could improve his behavior. They tried different ways of making Glen more obedient. They threatened him with punishments, they made him stay in his room, and they offered him with rewards like extra pocket money. But it made no difference.

Glen’s father had an idea. Glen’s parents often had visitors at their house and Glen always behaved very well when they were there. He wanted the visitors think he was an obedient child. All the visitors thought he was well-behaved.

His father told Glen that every time he was disobedient, he would pound a nail into the front door. Then when visitors came to the door, they would ask why there were nails in the front door. Glen would have to explain to them that he had been disobedient.

The next time Glen was disobedient, his father put a big nail into the door. He did this every time Glen was disobedient. Sometimes he had to put in three or four nails in the door on one day. Soon there were a lot of nails in the door.

A visitor came to the door. “Why do you have so many nails in the door?” he asked.

Glen’s father made Glen explain the nails in the door. Glen was embarrassed and decided to change his behavior. His father agreed that he would remove one nail every time Glen was obedient.

Glen tried very hard to be obedient. Every time he did something good, his father removed another nail from the door. After a few weeks all the nails were gone.

Then a visitor came to the door. “Why do you have so many holes in your door?” he asked.

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Appendix C: A Narrative Text (How Far Can You See)

Stanley was an old man who lived alone. Every evening he went for a walk around the streets where he lived.

One evening it was late when Stanley went for his walk, and it was already quite dark. Stanley was walking along the sidewalk when he saw a white car come around the corner at high speed. It was going too far and crashed into a red car in the street where he was walking. He rushed up to the cars to see if anyone was injured and required help.

The two drivers were arguing.

“You came around the corner too fast!” one man said.

“No!” said the driver of the white car. “That’s not true! Your car was parked on the wrong side of the road.”

Stanley listened to the argument and then told the driver of the white car what he had seen and that he was at fault. The driver of the red car asked Stanley for assistance in proving he was right in court. Stanley gave the man his name and telephone number.

A few days later Stanley received a phone call from a lawyer who was helping the driver of the red car in court. He wanted to know if Stanley would come to the court and be a witness.

“Of course!” Stanley said. The lawyer told him the date, and Stanley promised to be there.

On the day of the court case, Stanley went to the court. The lawyer from the driver of the white car asked him lots of questions what he had seen. Then he asked Stanley how old he was.

“I’m eighty-two,” answered Stanley.

“Do you usually wear glasses?” asked the lawyer.

“Yes, I do,” answered Stanley.

“Were you wearing them on the night of the accident?” the lawyer asked.

“No,” replied Stanley.

Then the lawyer said, “Why should the court believe you? You are eighty-two years old, you were not wearing your glasses and it was dark.

How for can you see in the dark?”

Stanley thought about this for a minute.

“Well,” he said, “when it’s dark, I can see the moon. How far is that?”

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Appendix D: A Narrative Text (A Bad Driver)

Freddy was a taxi driver, but he never had any passengers. He couldn’t understand why nobody wanted to get in his taxi. Freddy never had passengers because he was a reckless driver. People thought they might have an accident if they were in Freddy’s taxi.

He often didn’t look where he was going. Sometimes he didn’t see other cars or trucks. At others times he didn’t stop for red lights, and once he almost ran over the local policeman. People were frightened when they saw his taxi on the road.

“I’m not going in that taxi,” said the school teacher. “He’s too reckless! Last week he almost hit the tree near the school. I saw it!”

“Yes,” said the teacher’s wife. “I saw it too. He wants us to pay him to ride in his taxi, but I think he should pay us!”

One day he saw some strangers near the railway station. He stopped and they got in his taxi. They said they wanted to go to a house on Alman Road, Freddy was very happy and started to drive. At first he drove very carefully, but he soon forgot and drove faster and faster. The passengers became afraid.

“Slow down,” they said. ”You are driving too fast!”

Freddy almost hit a car! Then he almost hit a truck! He forgot to stop for a red light. People ran out of the way. They pointed at the passengers. They had never seen any passengers in Freddy’s taxi before.

Freddy drove his taxi around some corners. He drove very fast and the taxi almost tipped over, but it just went up on two wheels and then fell back down. They passengers were very frightened.

“Stop! Stop!” they shouted. “We are not at Alman Road yet.”

“Why?” asked Freddy. “We are not at Alman Road yet.”

“You are a reckless driver,” they said. “You almost hit a car and a truck and you drove through a red light. We are terrified every time you go around a corner.”

“Oh,” said Freddy. “Is that a problem? You don’t have to be frightened.

Whenever the situation looks dangerous, just close your eyes. That’s what I do!”

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Appendix E: A Narrative Text (Twenty-Five Cent Coins)

Eddy was a bully. He loved to show off how smart he was to the boys in his group. They would stand in front of the school every morning and watch the other children come in. One small boy at the school was called William. They would call out to him “Good morning, Silly Willy!”

One day, Eddy said to the other boys, “Watch this. I’ll show you how stupid Silly Willy is!”

He called William and showed him two coins: a large coin worth twenty-five cents and a smaller coin worth one dollar.

“Which would you like?” he asked William.

William looked at the two coins.

“Go on,” said Eddie. “You can take one and keep it.”

William looked at all the other boys. They were all watching him. He took the large coin. Then he went into the school.

Eddy laughed and said to his friends, “He thinks the coin worth twenty-five cents is better because it is bigger. He doesn’t realize that the one dollar coin is worth much more. Ha!”

All the other boys laughed and talked and talked about how stupid William was.

They thought it was very funny.

The next day they did it again, and William chose the large coin again. They all laughed. They continued this trick for several days. Sometimes Eddy did it, and sometimes the other boys in his group did it. But every day William chose the twenty-five cent coin.

After ten days, one of the boys in the group started to feel sorry for William.

When he was sure nobody was near, he told William about the trick.

“Eddy and the other boys are tricking you,” he said. “They laughed at you

because you take the twenty-five cent coin. Even though the one-dollar coin is smaller, it is worth more. Tomorrow, take the small coin.”

“Don’t be silly!” said William. “I’ve already got ten coins worth twenty-five cents. Now I have got two dollars and fifty cents. If I take the one dollar coin, they’ll stop doing it!”

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Appendix F: A Narrative Text (A Grumpy Customer)

Ben was a waiter at a small restaurant. Ben was always friendly and polite to customers. He enjoyed making his customers happy. He always had a cheerful smile on his face.

On day a customer came into the restaurant. Ben went over to him and gave him a menu. The man studied the menu for a while and then gave Ben his order. Ben took the order to the kitchen and then came back into the restaurant to serve other

customers.

The new customer called him to his table.

“Waiter,” he said. He sounded grumpy. “It’s hot in here. Turn in the air conditioning.”

“Yes, sir,” said Ben. He smiled at the new customer. “No problem.”

Ben went into the kitchen and then came out to serve some other customers. A few minutes later, the new customer called him again.

“Waiter!” he said. He was grumpier than last time. “You’ve turned the air conditioning too far! Now it’s too cold.” He didn’t say please and he wasn’t very polite.

Ben smiled at the grumpy new customer.

“Of course, sir,” he said. “I’ll go and adjust it immediately.” He rushed off to the kitchen.

Several minutes later while Ben was serving the grumpy customer his food, the customer complained again. “It’s too hot again,” he said angrily. “I feel like I’m going to melt. Turn the air conditioner back on!”

Ben said he was sorry again and rushed to the kitchen.

Of course, it wasn’t long before the customer complained again that he was too cold. This time he said, “I want to see the manager.”

The manager came out to the grumpy customer.

“That waiter is an idiot!” said the customer, pointing to Ben. “When I came in here, the air conditioning was too low and I asked him to turn it up. He turned it up too high, so I asked him to turn it down. He turned it down too much so I asked him to turn it up again. He can’t do anything right.”

“I’m sorry sir,” said the manager, “but we don’t have air conditioning in our restaurant.”

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Appendix G: Comprehension Test for Group R

本回測驗共有兩頁,請按照題目指示作答,謝謝!

(在聽到研究者指示到下一頁前,請不要先翻頁)

請依照剛才閱讀的段落內容,回答下列問題:

1. Why is the story funny?

a) Jack is hard of hearing. b) John’s ears are very bad.

c) The doctor tricked John. d) The hearing support John has does not work well.

2. Why is John losing his hearing?

a) He had an accident. b) He is getting older.

c) He likes loud music. d) His office is very noisy.

3. Who is Jack?

a) a hearing support salesman. b) John’s brother.

c) John’s co-worker. d) John’s doctor.

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Appendix H: Comprehension Test for Group L

本回測驗共有兩頁,請按照題目指示作答,謝謝!

(在聽到研究者指示到下一頁前,請不要先翻頁)

請依照剛才聽到的段落內容,回答下列問題:

4. Why is the story funny?

a) Jack is hard of hearing. b) John’s ears are very bad.

c) The doctor tricked John. d) The hearing support John has does not work well.

5. Why is John losing his hearing?

a) He had an accident. b) He is getting older.

c) He likes loud music. d) His office is very noisy.

6. Who is Jack?

a) a hearing support salesman. b) John’s brother.

c) John’s co-worker. d) John’s doctor.

請等候指示翻頁

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Appendix I: VKS for Group R

作答中請勿往前翻

1. aid

I. ( )我不記得看過這個字。

II. ( )我看過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

III. ( )我以前看過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IV. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

V. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

2 .noticeable

I. ( )我不記得看過這個字。

II. ( )我看過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

III. ( )我以前看過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IV. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

V. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

3. deteriorate

I. ( )我不記得看過這個字。

II. ( )我看過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

III. ( )我以前看過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IV. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

V. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

謝謝你的參與~

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Appendix J: VKS for Group L

作答中請勿往前翻

1.

I. ( )我不記得聽過這個字。

II. ( )我聽過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

III. ( )我以前聽過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IV. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

V. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

2.

VI. ( )我不記得聽過這個字。

VII. ( )我聽過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

VIII. ( )我以前聽過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IX. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

X. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

3.

VI. ( )我不記得聽過這個字。

VII. ( )我聽過這個字,但我不知道它的意義。

VIII. ( )我以前聽過這個字,我認為它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中 文翻譯)。

IX. ( )我知道個字,它的意思是 _________ (請寫出該字的同義字或中文翻譯)。

X. ( )我能夠用這個字造句:(不必擔心拼字是否正確)

__________________________________________ (請造一句)(如果你選擇了這 項,請妳也做第四項。)

謝謝你的參與~

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Appendix K: Questionnaire for Group L

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

1. 你認為固定聽文章對你的整體 1 2 3 4 5 英文聽力有幫助嗎?如果有幫助

最大是什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

2. 你認為固定聽文章對你的字彙 1 2 3 4 5 能力有幫助嗎?如果有,幫助最大是

什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

3. 你喜歡用這個學習法來學習英文 1 2 3 4 5 單字嗎?為什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

4. 你會希望老師繼續用這樣的方式 1 2 3 4 5 來幫助你學英文嗎?

5. 你認為這樣的學習法優點是什麼?

6. 你認為這樣的學習法缺點是什麼?

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Appendix L: Questionnaire for Group R

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

1. 你認為固定閱讀文章對你的整體 1 2 3 4 5 英文閱讀能力有幫助嗎?如果有幫助

最大是什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

2. 你認為固定閱讀文章對你的字彙 1 2 3 4 5 能力有幫助嗎?如果有,幫助最大是

什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

3. 你喜歡用這個學習法來學習英文 1 2 3 4 5 單字嗎?為什麼?

非常同意 同意 沒意見 不同意 非常不同意

4. 你會希望老師繼續用這樣的方式 1 2 3 4 5 來幫助你學英文嗎?

5. 你認為這樣的學習法優點是什麼?

6. 你認為這樣的學習法缺點是什麼?

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