台北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教 養之關係

台北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教 養之關係



以台北市國小三、四、五年級兒童及其家長為對象，採分層隨機抽樣，總計有 1058 份 配對有效問卷，主要結果發現： (1) 兒童飲食行為與家長營養知識、飲食行為、社經指 數、全家收入等，均呈顯著正相關（ p<.01 ）；與家長身體質量指數、家長外食、家中 子女數呈明顯負相關（ p<.01 ）。 (2) 影響兒童飲食行為的最主要因素為家長飲食行為

，預測力佔 11.8% ，其他依次為關懷式飲食教養行為、兒童性別及家中子女數目等。

(3) 兒童身體質量指數 (Body Mass Index ， BMI) 與家長、放任式飲食教養行為、家長外 食頻率等呈顯著正相關；而與家長年齡、關懷式飲食教養行為呈顯著負相關。男童 BM I 值明顯高於女童；老么 BMI 值明顯高於排行中間者。 (4) 過胖兒童 BMI 的預測因子 會因不同性別、年齡而有所不同，綜合重要預測變項，包括：家長營養知識、家長為孩 子準備或製作餐點之頻率、家長陪孩童一起用餐之頻率、家長外食之頻率、兒童細嚼慢 嚥之頻率、家長自覺健康狀況、家長避免孩子喝加糖飲料之頻率、家長仔細檢查食品營 養標示之頻率、兒童喝含糖飲料之頻率。整體而言，家長與兒童的肥胖及飲食行為，均 有著相關性及影響力。故要導正兒童之飲食行為或防治兒童肥胖，均應將家長納入宣導 對象，才是最為有效的方法。

Relationships between Body Weight and Dietary Behavior of Elementary School Children in Taipei City and Their

Parents&apos;&apos;&apos;&apos;Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Behavior, and Food-Related Parenting Style



The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between family factors that affect children’s dietary behavior a nd their body anthropometric measures. These factors included the demographic variables of these children and their parents, and the parents’ nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and food-related parenting style. Research method involved a pair of st ructured, self-administered questionnaires that included two categories─the parent-form and the child-form. The parent-form i ncluded basic information on the parents’ demographics and their nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and food-related pare nting style. The child-form included basic information on the children’s demographics and their dietary behavior. Students in the third, fourth and fifth grades from Taipei Area, along with their parents were chosen as the study sample. A total of 1058 p airs of questionnaires were collected. Statistically significant results indicated positive associations between children’s dietary behavior and parents’ socioeconomic index, family gross income, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behavior (p < .01). Howev er, negative associations were found between children’s dietary behavior and parents’ BMI, the number of children in the fami ly, and their frequency of dining out (p < .01). By a multiple regression analysis, parents’ dietary behavior could explain 11.8

% of the variance in children’s dietary behavior, while other factors that affect children’s dietary behavior were caring parenti

ng style, gender of the child and the number of children in the family. Moreover, positive association was shown between chil

dren’s BMI and their parents’ BMI, permissive parenting style, and frequency of dining out; negative association was shown

between children’s obesity and their parents’ age and caring parenting style. Boys had higher BMI’s than girls; the last child i

n the family had higher BMI than the other children in the family. Factor affecting the BMI of overweight children vary accor

ding to their different gender and age. Significant predictors included parents’ nutritional knowledge, frequency of parents pre

paring food for their children, frequency of parents having meals with their children, frequency of parents dining out, frequenc

y of children chewing their food thoroughly, parents’ perception of their health states, frequency of parents preventing childre

n’s intake of sugared drinks, parents’ careful examination of food nutrition labels, and how often children consume sugar drin

ks. Overall, the relationship between parents’ and children’s obesity and dietary behavior showed close associations and direct

effects. Therefore, to correct children’s dietary behavior or to prevent child obesity, intervention methods targeting children m

ust also involve the parents in order to be effective.