ᆥϐᅿभໆϯ ᆥϐᅿभໆϯ ᆥϐᅿभໆϯ! !! !
ഋ ۑ և 2ǵ է ቺ ว 2ǵ Ц ௴ ҅ 2ǵ ഋ Һ ޱ 2!
! ᄔा!
!!!!ᆥࣁڀᢀ፞ᆶᛰҔޑើࣽނǴҗܭΓࣁ௦ҞςόதـǴࣁΑεໆᕷ
ᆥޑᅿभǴՉಔᙃᎦϷਥᇶշᆥᕷמೌࣴวǴ่݀ᡉҢаણ ࡕ 31 Ϻԋዕࡋ݀ಲኞᅿวၨ٫Ǵа 203 ܈ 205NT Ꭶ୷బу NFT Ϸ qfqupof ёගଯᅿηวǶჴғभᡏӧۓ୷ᡶᆶጧᑗᐚࡋޑᎦΠǴӸࢲёଯ
ၲ 81/9ʘЪғػؼӳǴคፃϯϷ࣒ዟ፦ϯຝวғǶಒझϩનᆶྲྀηНೀ
֡ёᇨᏤᡏౢғᡏǴനଯёᕇள 8 ঁόۓԋǴၸଯᐚࡋޑಒझϩન
ೀǴᡏယТܰวғޥεסԔЪрқϯຝǶಔभόӕႯϯೀБԄ ځӸࢲёၲ 96ʘаǶӧਥᇶշᆥᕷמೌБय़ǴаਥӃௗᅿܭ
Ꭶ୷Ǵ!8 Ϻࡕኞᅿځᆥᅿηϐว 84/3ʘനଯǴኞᅿஏࡋа 1/3!h¸
n.3ޑᅿηҔໆ߄ന٫Ǵਭϟ፦аྛࣳуФᕨё٬ਭϐᆥԏԋၲനଯϐ ᗲख़ǶॊࡌҥϐמೌǴаߚឦБԄמᙯޣ٬ҔǴғౢᆥᅿभǶ!
ق!
!!!!ᆥ)Tqjsbouift!tjofotjt!)Qfst/*!Bnft*ࣁѠচғើǴమܴਔણआՅ
Ԛݮಳዬᙅ໒ܫǴࡺᆀߙᓪܤࢊǵమܴǴΞځਥӵΓୖރǴΞᆀዬᓪୖ)է ϷഋǴ3112ǹ݅Ǵ2:99ǹTv-!3111*ǶނϩᜪࣁើࣽᆥឦǴਲ਼գǴਥಳ อǵਥسޥࠆǵᕠғǹယևጕԿጕރܖଞᘀғܭ୷ǹλǴևқԿણआՅǴ
৩ऊ 1/7 Կ 1/9!dnǴᕞރׇǶᆥϩѲቶᗡǴӧѠӄޑѳӦǵեੇܘ ӛӦǵᔸዎӦᘀύ֡ёـ)݅Ǵ2:99ǹTv-!3111*ǶӢځԚλѯጏǴӧ
༜᛬ճҔёਭࣁࣔࣧඳǹߥ଼Бय़ǴᆥਥکӄёΕᛰǴԖᎦǵమ
ှࢥϐਏǹжᛰࣴزࡰрځڀלᕎфਏ)Ǵ3116*ǹҭёஒӄਲ਼ݰԯଚ
܈ዖ䔗෯բࣁ१ံϐҔ)էϷഋǴ3112*Ƕ!
!!!
!!
!
ᜢᗖӷǺᆥǵಔᙃᎦǵਥǵໆౢ!
Index words: Spiranthes sinensis, tissue culture, mycorrhizal fungi, mass production.
2/Չࡹଣၭہጪၭׯؼୋࣴزǵୋࣴزǵշࣴزǵୋࣴ
زǶAssociate Researcher, Associate Researcher, Assistant Researcher, Associate Researcher, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien,
Taiwan. !
җܭᆥѦᢀᆶᚇ࣬՟Ǵӧߚ໒යǴόܰᒤǴதԋᚇନѐǴ ౚᡏǴ4.5 ঁДԋλभǶӀྣБय़ǴPmjwb Ϸ Bsejuuj)2:95*аᆥឦ T/!
hsbdjmjt ᆶ T/!spnbo{pggjbob ՉคኞᅿǴࣴزࡰр T/!hsbdjmjt ሡӧྣӀ ΠᎦᅿηωวǴԶ T/!spnbo{pggjbob ߾ሡӧསΠᎦǹቅ)3112*Ϸ
)3114*คኞᅿϐӀྣᕉნࣣࣁ 2111!mvyǴԶ Uboblb )2::8*߾ࣁ 611!mvyǶ
Ꭶ୷Бय़ǴҗܭวᎦ୷ЬाࣁނᡶᜪǵᆢғનǵᑗᜪϷࢩ܌ᄬԋǴё NFT!2h0mǴqfqupof!3h0m*Ϸ XPST)ၗ҂ว߄* 6 ᅿᎦ୷ଛБǴኞᅿણ 33.35 Ϻ݀ಲǴ 41 ϺࡕፓځวᆶᢀჸፃϯำࡋǶ!่݀ᡉҢᆥኞᅿࡕ 41 Ϻ
߄ 2/ኞᅿᎦ୷ჹᆥ҂ԋዕखวϐቹៜ!
Table 1. Effect of germination medium on the embryo germination rate z of Spiranthes sinensis.
Medium Ratio of embryo germination Browning degree (%)
MS 38±8.7 ЀЀЀ
1/2MS 49±7.4 ЀЀ
1/4MS 44±9.5 Ѐ
1/2MSMP 55±9.1 Ё
WORS 58±10.1 Ё
z Data were measured 30 days after treatments.
)Β*όӕ݀ಲԋዕࡋჹวϐቹៜǺ!
ᆥ݀ಲऊܭણ 36 Ϻࡕ໒Ǵҁ၂ᡍаણ 21.26ǵ27.31ǵ32.36 ϺΟ ᅿԋዕࡋ݀ಲՉคኞᅿǴ่݀ᡉҢа 27.31 Ϻԋዕࡋ݀ಲځวനଯ)߄ 3*Ǵቅ)3112*ࡰраણ 25.29 Ϻԋዕ݀ಲኞᅿԖҶຝǴሡၸ 2.2/6
ঁДωـډᅿηวǴวեܭ 6ʘЪόሸǴԶаણ 21.23 Ϻ݀ಲኞᅿ 4.5
ຼջёـวǴวࣁ 81.91&໔Ǵ5.7 ຼջԖယТߏрǹԶ)3114*аણ 26.31 Ϻ݀ಲኞᅿ 2 ঁДࡕᅿηวػԋচౚᡏǴෳᔈࢂࠔᅿόӕԶԋϐৡ౦Ƕ ҁ၂ᡍ่݀ᆶ)3114*࣬՟Ǵаύԋዕࡋϐ݀ಲኞᅿวၨଯǴЪણ 21.26 Ϻ݀ಲኞᅿϐวࣗԿКԋዕ݀ಲ)32.36 Ϻ*ࣁଯ)߄ 3*Ƕ!
!
߄ 3/⣫݀ԋዕࡋჹᆥ҂ԋዕखวϐቹៜ!
Table 2. Effect of the capsules ages on the embryo germination rate z of Spiranthes sinensis
Capsules ages Ratio of embryo germination (Days after pollination) (%)
10-15 21±8.3
16-20 55±9.1
21-25 42±7.8
26-30 --
z Data were measured 30 days after treatments.
Βǵ໒วᆥᝩжᎦᜢᗖמೌ!
җܭើࣽނӧԾฅᕉნΠԖᕷόܰЪᕷೲᄌୢᚒǴӆу୯Γ ܭഁѦεໆӦ௦Ǵ٬ளᆥဂຫٰຫϿǴӢԜ໒วಔᙃᎦמೌٰᕷᅿभ ԖځѸाǶҞςԋфаคኞᅿ)ቅǴ3112ǹǴ3114ǹPmjwb!boe!BsejuujǴ 2:95*БԄᕇளচౚᡏӆߏԋѴभǴ܈ᇨᏤচౚᡏԋόۓǴၲډቚϐҞޑǶ
Ӣ࣬ᜢࣴزόӭǴӢԜጪၭׯΕᆥಔᙃᎦמೌϐࣴزǴයૈှ،ॊ
Table 3. Effect of salt-base strength on explant growthz of Spiranthes sinensis.
salt-base strength
Survival rate (%)
Fresh weight /explant
(g)
Plant height (cm)
No. of roots /explants
Root length /explant
(cm)
T1 24.3by 0.46a 3.0b 0.6bb 0.4b T2 70.8a 0.37b 3.8a 1.5a 1.4a T3 60.1a 0.33b 3.8a 1.4a 1.4a
z Data were measured 6 weeks after treatments.
yMeans separation within columns by LSD at 5и level.
߄ 5/ጧᑗᐚࡋჹᆥғػϐቹៜ!
Table 4. Effect of sucrose concentrations on explant growthz of Spiranthes sinensis.
Sucrose
Fresh weight /explant
(g)
Plant height /explant
No. of leaves /explant
S6 0.32a 3.2b 2.7a 0.6b 6.1a
z Data were measured 8 weeks after treatments.
yMeans separation within columns by LSD at 5и level.
)Β*ނғߏፓᏊಔӝೀჹᆥᡏቚϐቹៜ!
!!!!၂ᡍаނғߏፓᏊಔӝೀ U2.U23 ჹᆥᡏቚϐቹៜǴ่݀
ᡉҢᡏᎦܭό֖ಒझϩનϐೀ)U2ǵU6ǵU:*Ǵ୷ԖਥᆶόۓԋǴ ЪᒿಒझϩનೀගଯǴᡏԋόۓኧҭᒿϐቚуǴՠၸଯޑಒझϩ
નೀ)U5ǵU9ǵU23*ځόۓғԋኧϸϐफ़ե)߄ 6*ǴЪᡏϩယТว ғޥεסԔЪрқϯຝǶ၂ᡍа U8 ೀёᕇள 8/1 ঁόۓ߄നӳ)߄ 6ǵ კ 3B-C*Ƕќᢀჸᡏ୷ԖౚғԋǴᒿಒझϩનೀᐚࡋගଯǴᇨᏤ
ౚኧҭᒿϐቚуǴа U9 Ϸ U23 ೀനଯᆶځдೀৡ౦ᡉ)߄ 6*Ǵஒౚ ᝩжܭό֖ނғߏፓᏊϐᎦ୷ុᎦࡕǴౚ߾ܰߏԋယТޥεסԔޑ
ᡏ܈วғқϯຝǴࣁғߏ౦தᡏǶబу bvyjo ёᇨᏤਥԋǴа U: ೀ
ϐਥኧࣁ :/7 ݄നଯǴU6 ೀ 8/5 ݄ԛϐ)߄ 6*Ƕ!
Кၨಒझϩન CB ᆶ LjofujoǴፓ่݀ᡉҢ CB ೀёᕇளၨӭޑόۓ
ғԋǴᡉҢ CB ϐೀਏ݀ၨ Ljofujo ٫Ƕᆥᡏܭ CB ೀΠ୷Ԗౚғ ԋǴLjofujo ೀ߾คǶబуྲྀηНҭԖߦᡏғԋϐਏ݀ǶᏉጤނ፦߾а hfmsjuf ၨ bhbs ࣁ٫ǶஒᎦᕇளϐόۓϪΠǴᝩжܭό֖ނғߏፓᏊ ϐ U3 ୷ᡶམଛ T4 ጧᑗᐚࡋᎦΠǴᡏܜߏ٠Ъวਥယԋֹਲ਼)კ 3D*Ǵ
ோᎦऊ 2 ঁДࡕǴᡏယТԖϯǶಔभႯϯБय़Ǵ၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢᆥ
ಔभࣁғڮΚܮϐᅿभǴӧႯϯය໔ǴځႯϯᕉნჹଯྕޑऐڙΚமǴಔ
भόӕႯϯೀБԄځӸࢲёၲ 96ʘаǴځύόϣႯϯϷϣ Ⴏϯ 2 ຼϐೀǴځӸࢲ֡ࣁ 211ʘǴЪಔभғػؼӳǴܭྕ࠻ਭ 4 Կ 5 ঁДϩਲ਼ջԖр)კ 3E-F*Ƕ!
!
Οǵ໒วճҔਥεໆᕷᆥᜢᗖמೌ!
)*ਥϐനғߏྕۓ!
ஒٮ၂ਲ਼ϪڗํӾᆄӧ QEB ѳ݈Ꭶ 8 ϺǴӧပᜐጔаѺϾᏔϪڗ
ပڬൎޔ৩ 9!nn ϐํ༧༝ዬǴԿཥᗲϐ QEB ѳ݈Ǵϩձܭ 31ǵ34ǵ 37ǵ3:ǵ43 Ϸ 46ʚۓྕጃύᎦǴಃ 21 ϺᒵځํғߏߏࡋǶ่݀ᡉҢਥ
ϐํғߏߏࡋӧ 31ʚೀ 4/3!dnǴᒿғߏྕۓϲǴਥϐํғߏ ߏࡋຫߏǴа 43ʚೀํғߏߏࡋ 9/4!dn നߏനߏǴ3:ʚೀԛϐࣁ 9/1!dnΔ
ྕࡋډ 46ʚਔځғߏԖᖿϐᖿ༈)߄ 7*Ƕ!
!
߄ 6/ނғߏፓᏊಔӝೀჹᆥόۓቚϐቹៜ!
Table 5. Effect of plant growth regulators combined treatments on shoots formationz of Spiranthes sinensis.
Treatments No. of shoots /explant
z Data were measured 8 weeks after treatments.
yMeans separation within columns by LSD at 5и level.
!
߄ 7/ྕࡋჹӅғਥํғߏϐቹៜ!
Table 6. Effect of temperature on hyphae growthz of mycorrhizal fungi.
Temperture
z Data were measured 10 days after treatments.
)Β*ਥჹᆥᅿηวϐቹៜ၂ᡍ!
!!!!ڗᆥ݀ಲ߄य़ࢥࡕǴஒϐϪ໒ޔኞᅿηܭНᛏિǴ٠ௗᅿਥǴᢀ ჸਥჹᆥᅿηวϷวࡕϐғߏǶ25 ϺࡕፓځวኧǴϐࡕ
ຼፓԛǶ่݀ᡉҢаஒਥӃௗᅿܭᎦ୷Ǵ8 Ϻࡕኞᅿᆥᅿηϐว
84/3ʘനଯǴځԛࣁᆥᅿηኞᅿ 8 Ϻࡕӆௗᅿਥϐว 79/5ʘǴ
ௗᅿਥ 25 Ϻࡕӆኞᅿᆥᅿηϐว 65/1ʘǴኞᅿӕਔௗᅿਥϐว
58/6ʘၨৡǴόௗᅿਥϐᆥᅿηֹӄόวǹ၂ᡍ่݀ᡉҢஒਥ
ӃௗᅿܭᎦ୷-!8 Ϻࡕӆኞᅿᆥᅿηനӝځว)߄ 8*Ƕ!
!
߄ 8/ਥௗᅿਔ໔ჹᆥᅿηวޑቹៜ!
Table 7. Effect of mycorrhizal fungi inoculated time on the germination rate of seeds of Spiranthes sinensis.
Inoculated date
Sawed date
Ratio of germination
(%) Average
Table 8. Effect of sawing rate on plant harvest of Spiranthes sinensis.
Sawing rate (g·m-2)
Fresh weight/ m2 (g)
Dry weight/ m2 (g)
Ration of fresh and dry weight
(%)
่݀ᡉҢᆥਥᗲख़ǵӦᗲख़ǵൂਲ਼ᗲϷଳख़֡аྛࣳуФᕨࣁਭϟ፦
Table 9. Effect of medium on growth of Spiranthes sinensis.
Media Root fresh
weight/plant (g)
Shoot fresh weight/plant
(g)
Fresh weight /plant
(g)
Dry weight /plant
(g)
Ration of fresh and dry weight
(%)
ୖԵЎ!
5/ ݅ᢌ/!2:99/!ᆥ/!Ѡើࣽނಃڔ/!ࠄϺਜֽ/!Ѡч/!q/355.356/!
6/ ҅ǵഋࣦ։ǵᝄཥ/!3114/!ᆥคኞᅿᆶғߏวػ/!ύ୯༜᛬/!
8. Masuhara, G. Katsuya, K. Yamaguchi, K. 1993. Potential for symbiosis of Rhizoctonia solani and binucleate Rhizoctonia with seed of Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena in vitro. Mycological Research 97(6): 746-752.
9. Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15:473-497.
10. Oliva, A. P. and J. Arditti. 1984 Seed germination of northern American orchids. II.
Native California and related of Aplectrum, Cypripedium and Spiranthes. Bot.
Gaz. 145(4):495-501.
11. Su, H I. 2000 Spiranthes L. C. Rich. In:Huang. T. C. (eds). Flora of Taiwan V5.
Editorial Committee of Flora of Taiwan, Department of Botany. National Taiwan University. Taipei. p.1034.
12. Tanaka, K., K. Kondo, and K. Sato. 1997. Micropropagation of Spiranthes sinesis(Pers.) Ames(Orchidaceae) In:Bajaj, Y. P. S.(ed.) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry. Vol.40. p.289-295. Spring-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg.
13. Tsutsui, K. Tomita, M. 1986. Symbiotic germination of Spiranthes sinensis Ames associated with some orchid endophytes. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University 62(4): 440-452.
14. Tsutsui, K. Tomita, M. 1989. Effect of plant density on the groth of seedlings of Spiranthes sinensis Ames and Liparis nervosa Lindl. in symbiotic culture. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 57(4): 668-673.
15. Uetake, Y. and Peterson, R. L. 1998. Association between microtubules and symbiotic fungal hyphae in protocorm cell of the orchid species, Spiranthes sinensis. New Phytol. 140: 715-722.
!
Mass production of Spiranthes sinensis Seedlings
Chi-Cheng Chen1, Der-Fa Yu1, Chii-Jeng Wang1, Jen-Fang Chen1
Abstract
Spiranthes sinensis is an orchid with ornamental and medicinal functions. Because people collected a lot, it has rarely seen. We established the tissue culture propagation system and used mycorrhizal fungi to increase seed germination to mass production seedlings of Spiranthes sinensis. The results showed that 20 days after pollination, the seed germination rate was higher than other treatments. Using 1/2 or 1/4MS with MES and peptone medium could increase seed germination. The explants of Spiranthes sinensis were grown well in fit salt-base strength and sucrose concentration, the survival rate of explants could be as high as 70.8%, and there were no browning and vitrification. Cytokinin and coconut milk could induce shoot formation. Using fit plant growth regulator combined treatment could induce 7.0 shoots formation and there were shoot buds formed in the base of explants. With high cytokinin concentration treatment, the leaves of explants would become curved or whiteness. The survival rate of plantlets could up to 85% in all acclimation treatments.
The results showed that mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated in the media after 7 days then sowed seeds in the media, the germination rate 73.2% was higher than other treatments. The best sowing density treatment and cultural media were 0.2 g·m-2 and sand mixed with cattle mature media, respectively. Above-mentioned propagated techniques of Spiranthes sinensis were transferred to industry to mass production seedlings
2/Associate Researcher, Associate Researcher, Assistant Researcher, Associate Researcher, Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien,
Taiwan. !
კ 2/ᆥ҂ԋዕखܭᎦ୷วϐǶ!
Fig. 1 Germination of Spiranthes sinensis on the medium.
A B
A B C
D
E კ 3/ᆥಔᙃᎦᕷࢬำǶ!
B/Ϸ C/ᡏቚǶD/ᡏܜߏǴวਥယԋಔ
भǶE/Ϸ F/ಔभႯϯϷਭ 4.5 ঁДࡕϐ ғػǶ!
Fig. 2 The tissue culture processes of Spiranthes sinensis.
A. and B. Shoots propagation. C. Shoot elongation and developing into plantlets. D and E. Growth condition of plantlets after planted 3-4 months.
ᇋᑗ НऱᅿǶӧޜၮǴаȶ๋ᆒᡫȷ)Dmpn/!Xjme!DbuȷQvsqmf!Gbjszȷ*کȶᅈ ϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼းጃࡕӧ 36ʚܫ 4 ВኳᔕޜၮǴ่݀ຟၮࡕਲ਼ࠔ፦ؼӳǴ ໒ 91.:1&Ǵ໒ࠔ፦ؼӳǴਲ਼ӧྕ࠻ϐტڮऊ 68 В)203 Ԛᖴ*ǴᡉҢ ೭ٿᅿЎЈើޜၮᒡऍӧࠔ፦ࢂёՉޑǶکጷጸើٳᘕǴаȶᇋᑗȷ)Pod/!
Txffu!Tvhbs*!کȶ๋ᆒᡫȷӭᅿዕࡋǴးጃࡕܫ 2:ʚ39 ВኳᔕٳᘕੇၮǴϐࡕ ਭܭեྕྕ࠻)Вڹྕऊ 36ʚᆶ 31ʚ*Ǵȶᇋᑗȷܭύ)T3*ᆶε)T4*ዕࡋǴ
!
ق
ق
ق
ق!!!!
ѠЎЈើਲ਼ёૈӧҁԃۭஒᕇளऍ୯ёǴёϟ፦ᒡऍǴۛਔѦᎍऍ ୯ϐຟၮמೌஒԖॐϪϐሡाǶܭрα߃යǴрαໆόεǴёճҔޜၮрαǴ܈
ࢂکጷጸើٳᘕ)а 2:ʚຟၮ*рαǴஒٰрαໆεਔǴऩࢂа 2:ʚрαόӝǴ
߾ሡפрӝЎЈើੇၮϐྕࡋǴᘕൂᐱၩЎЈើǴаനӝϐྕࡋੇၮр αǶЎЈើਲ਼ຟၮϐൔόӭǴ೭٤ຟၮჹЎЈើਲ਼ϐҔ܄ԖࡑࣴزǶ!
ЎЈើࣧයόܰڋޔࢂౢޑεୢᚒǴऩࢂрαࡕǴයό
ठ܈ࢂ໒եǴஒࢂѦᎍϐεምᛖǶҁࣴز߃යǴаНऱᅿϐਲ਼Չ ኳᔕຟၮෳ၂Ǵਔૈᕇள၂ᡍϐᅿᜪࡐӭǴεӭࣁӭԃғϐਲ਼Ǵץ
֖ԖӚᅿዕࡋǴ၂ᡍ่݀໒ሥե)4151&аΠ*ǴԖӭ໒ࠔ፦ҭό٫)
ఒଯࡋեܭ 3141 Ϧϩ*ǴؒԖࠔሽॶǶޔډ٬ҔΟݒ༜᛬ϦљғౢϐǴ ଞჹຟၮࡕႣीा໒ϐޑዕࡋԖՉϩࡕǴωᕇள໒ଯǴ໒ࠔ፦
ؼӳϐ่݀ǴᡉҢЎЈើਲ਼ѦᎍǴዕࡋࢂཱུख़ाϐᜢᗖӢનǴӧѦᎍਔा
ձݙཀᡏዕࡋाЪठǴωૈڋрαࡕϐ໒ሸ܄Ƕ!
!
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ!!!!
ЎЈើਲ਼ѦᎍሡाᒧۓঁႣۓ໒ϐࣁҞǴҞϐԋዕཱུࣁ ख़ाǴҗܭᡏϐғߏؒԖ໔ᘐǴाܴዴϩۓကᡏϐዕࡋόܰǴҁࣴزஒ ዕࡋεठϩࣁ 5 ભӵΠǴT2 ࣁλǺߏрόΦǴӾ҃ᆄς໒ǴԖ 35 ТယТӾᆄςϩ໒ǶT3 ࣁύǺϐယТεςϩ໒ǴߏډύελǶT4 ࣁε
Ǻςߏډௗ߈നεޑำࡋǴՠଷౚಳᗋ҂ᑩεǶT5 ࣁౚǺ୷ଷౚ ಳςᑩεǶ!
!)*ޜၮ!!ȶȷ!
аȶ๋ᆒᡫȷکȶᅈϺࢃȷ3 ࠔᅿ၂ᡍǴԋዕࡋࣁ T4Ǵҭջזा่ౚϐ εǶਲ਼ࣣаНऱᅿǴፓНऱᔸࡋεठ֡ࡕ)аНऱᔸࡋෳۓᏔ UES
ෳۓǴ֖Нऊࣁ 36&*ǴးરጃǴຟܫܭதྕ)ऊ 36ʚ*4 ВբࣁኳᔕޜၮǶኳ ᔕၮᒡࡕǴፓਲ਼ࠔ፦Ǵϐࡕஒਲ਼ܫܭྕ࠻)ВڹྕӚࣁऊ 39.42ʚ ᆶ 35.36ʚ*ਭǴፓ໒Ǵ໒ਔ໔Ǵ໒ࠔ፦ᆶტڮǶ!
!
)Β*کጷጸើٳᘕੇၮ!
аȶᇋᑗȷکȶ๋ᆒᡫȷࣁǴȶᇋᑗȷԋዕࡋԖύ)T3 ભǴߏ
=29dn*ᆶε)T4 ભǴߏ?29dn*Ǵȶ๋ᆒᡫȷԋዕࡋԖλ)T2 ભǴߏ=9dn*ǵ ύ)T3 ભǴߏ 9.29dn*ǵε)T4 ભǴߏ?29dn*ᆶౚ)T5 ભǴϐ୷
ςԋଷౚಳ*Ǵਲ਼ࣣаНऱᅿǴፓНऱᔸࡋεठ֡ࡕ)а UES ෳۓǴ ऊࣁ 36&*ǴးરጃǴܫ 2:ʚຟᙒ!39 ВаኳᔕکጷጸើٳᘕੇၮᒡऍǴኳᔕၮ ᒡࡕǴፓਲ਼ࠔ፦ᆶ໒܄Ƕ!
ҁࣴزҭՉຟၮࡕਭᕉნϐǴஒኳᔕੇၮࡕϐਲ਼ܫܭեྕྕ
࠻)ВڹྕӚࣁऊ 36ʚᆶ 31ʚ*ਭϐѦǴќץܫܭྕ࠻)ВڹྕӚࣁऊ 39.42ʚᆶ 35.36ʚ*ਭǴፓ໒Ǵ໒ਔ໔Ǵ໒ࠔ፦ᆶტڮǶ!
!
)Ο*ੇၮຟၮྕࡋ!
аȶ๋ᆒᡫȷᆶȶᅈϺࢃȷՉ၂ᡍǴ೭٤ਲ਼ԋዕࡋࣁε)T4 ભ*Ǵ аНऱᅿǴаѺϾરጃးጃࡕǴӧསΠܭ 7ʚǵ:ʚǵ23ʚǵ26ʚϷ 29ʚ
6 ঁྕࡋຟᙒ 39 ВаኳᔕੇၮǶ!
!
่݀
่݀
่݀
่݀!!!!
)*ޜၮ!
ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷᆶȶᅈϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼ኳᔕޜၮࡕယᆶޑࠔ፦ؼӳ )߄ 2*Ǵȶ๋ᆒᡫȷܭਭऊ 3/6 ঁДࡕ໒ۈ໒Ǵ໒ :1&Ǵک҂ຟၮޣ࣬
՟Ƕఒኧѳ֡ 2/3 ఒǴК҂ຟၮޣϿ 1/4 ఒǴऊ 5 ঁДࡕ໒ۈᖴǴਲ਼ 203
Ԛᖴϐტڮऊ 68 В)߄ 2*Ǵ໒ࠔ፦хࡴఒߏϷԚኧک҂ຟၮޣ࣬՟)ኧᏵ
҂ߕ*Ƕ!
!
ȶᅈϺࢃȷܭਭऊ 6 ঁДࡕ໒ۈ໒ǴК҂ຟၮޣౣอ)߄ 2*Ƕ໒
91&ǴК҂ຟၮޣ):1&*ౣեǶѳ֡ 2/2 ఒǴК҂ຟၮޣ)2/7 ఒ*եǶऊ 2 ঁДࡕ
໒ۈᖴǴਲ਼ 203 Ԛᖴϐტڮऊ 68 В)߄ 2*Ƕ໒ࠔ፦ک҂ຟၮޣ࣬՟)ኧ Ᏽ҂ߕ*Ƕ!!
೭٤่݀ᡉҢԜΒᅿЎЈើਲ਼ϟ፦ޜၮᒡऍࡕਲ਼ࠔ፦ᆶ໒ࠔ፦
ؼӳǴᗨฅ໒ఒኧफ़ե٤ǴᗋࢂёௗڙǴӢԜϟ፦ޜၮᒡऍӧࠔ፦
ࢂёՉޑǶ!
!
)Β*کጷጸើٳᘕੇၮ!
2/ຟၮࡕӧեྕྕ࠻ਭ!
ȶᇋᑗȷኳᔕੇၮࡕǴယᆶࠔ፦ؼӳǴȶ๋ᆒᡫȷԴౚϩԖယǵ ယӾ܈ඬᗺǴཥ)Ҟ*߾ࠔ፦ؼӳǴϝڀࠔሽॶ)߄ 3*Ƕ!
ӧ໒܄Ǵኳᔕੇၮࡕӧեྕྕ࠻ਭਔǴȶᇋᑗȷܭຟၮࡕऊ 4.5
ঁД໒ۈ໒)߄ 3*ǴК҂ຟၮޣౣอǶ໒ 81.:1&ǴК҂ຟၮޣౣࣁΠफ़Ƕ ύ)T3 ભ*ఒߏᆶტڮКόຟၮౣଯǴε)T4 ભ*߾ౣեǶࣧტڮ)ਲ਼ 203 ԚᖴϐВኧ*ऊ 66.71 ВǶȶ๋ᆒᡫȷ!໒Вኧаԋዕࡋեޣ)T2 ભک T3 ભ*کόຟၮ࣬՟)Ӛࣁਭࡕऊ 9 ঁДᆶ 7 ঁД*Ǵԋዕࡋଯޣӵ T4 ભࣁ 6/6
ঁДǴԶ T5 ભ߾ό໒Ƕ໒ܭԋዕࡋեޣ)T2 ભک T3 ભ*ࣁ 91&Ǵکόຟၮ
࣬՟Ǵԋዕࡋଯޣӵ T4 ભ߾ε൯Πफ़ࣁ 41&ǴT5 ભࣗԿό໒ǴᡉҢԋዕࡋଯ ޣ)T4 ભᆶ T5 ભ*ੇၮԖफ़ե໒ϐቹៜǶT2 ભਭډ໒ϐВኧၲ 9 ঁДǴ
ᔈҔሡाӭԵቾǶӢԜа T3 ભനӝрαǴځ 2 Ԛ໒ϐВኧऊ 7 ঁДǴ
҂ຟၮޣΨሡाኬޑਔ໔ǶT3 ભຟၮࡕఒߏࡋǵࣧტڮکόຟၮ
࣬՟Ƕ!
ᆕӝ೭٤่݀ǴᡉҢȶᇋᑗȷܭύᆶεǴаϷȶ๋ᆒᡫȷܭλᆶύ
ዕࡋǴኳᔕੇၮࡕӧեྕྕ࠻ਭޣǴਲ਼ࠔ፦ᆶ໒܄ؼӳǴӢԜԖ ᐒکጷጸើٳᘕੇၮᒡऍǶ!
3/ຟၮࡕӧྕ࠻ਭ!
ኳᔕੇၮࡕǴȶᇋᑗȷ!ਲ਼ࠔ፦ؼӳǴȶ๋ᆒᡫȷԴౚϩ߾Ԗယǵ ယӾ܈ඬᗺǴཥ)Ҟ*߾ࠔ፦ؼӳǴϝڀࠔሽॶ)߄ 3*Ƕ!
ӧ໒܄Ǵኳᔕੇၮࡕӧྕ࠻ਭਔǴȶᇋᑗȷऊܭຟၮࡕ 3/6.4
ঁД໒ۈ໒)߄ 3*Ƕ໒ 89.9:&ǴК҂ຟၮޣե٤ǴఒߏҭК҂ຟၮޣ եǶύ)T3 ભ*ტڮ)ਲ਼ 203 ԚᖴϐВኧ*ک҂ຟၮޣ࣬՟Ǵε)T4 ભ*߾
ᡂեǶ!
!
ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷ໒ВኧܭӚঁዕࡋК҂ຟၮౣଯ)߄ 3*Ǵ໒ܭԋዕࡋ եޣ)T2 ભک T3 ભ*7889&کόຟၮ࣬՟)78.91&*Ƕԋዕࡋଯޣӵ T4 ભ໒
߾ε൯Πफ़ǴT5 ભࣗԿό໒ǴᡉҢԋዕࡋଯޣ)T4 ભᆶ T5 ભ*όӝа 2:ʚ
ੇၮǶࣧტڮӧύዕࡋ)T3 ભ*КόຟၮޣౣեǶఒߏࡋܭԋዕࡋեޣ)T2 ભک T3 ભ*!ୃอ)46/1.54/9!dn*ǴόຟၮΨ࣬՟ǴКӧեྕྕ࠻ਭޣ )71/6.78/7!dn*եࡐӭǴᡉҢȶ๋ᆒᡫȷόፕࢂցၸຟၮǴόӝӧྕ
࠻ਭǶ!
ᆕӝ೭٤่݀ǴᡉҢȶᇋᑗȷኳᔕੇၮࡕӧྕ࠻ਭޣǴ໒ǵ ໒ࠔ፦)ఒߏǵტڮ*К҂ຟၮޣౣࣁΠफ़ՠϝڀؼӳޑࠔ፦ǴӢԜёکጷጸើ
ٳᘕੇၮᒡऍǶԶȶ๋ᆒᡫȷ!ӧྕ࠻ਭǴեዕࡋ໒ᗨฅόᒱ)ک҂ຟ ၮޣ࣬՟*ǴՠఒߏࡋୃอǴଯዕࡋ)T4 ભᆶ T5 ભ*߾໒եǴఒߏҭอǴ ӢԜόӝ௦ҔǶ!
!
)Ο*ੇၮᒡऍຟၮྕࡋ!
2/ຟၮࡕਲ਼ࠔ፦!
ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷа 7ʚǵ:ʚǵ23ʚǵ26ʚϷ 29ʚຟᙒ 39 ВࡕǴନΑ 7ʚೀӄ
ᆭཞϐѦǴځдೀӸࢲࣣଯǴB ભࠔ)คᡉӍϯޣ*а 23ʚനଯ)߄ 4*Ƕ!
ȶᅈϺࢃȷа 23ʚೀၨ٫ǴB ભࠔၲ :1&!)߄ 4*ǴځдೀࣣৡǴਭ 2 ঁД ࡕ׳ܴᡉǶ೭٤่݀ᡉҢ 23ʚࢂၨӝၮᒡޑྕࡋǶ!
3/ਭࡕ໒ࠔ፦!
ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷኳᔕຟၮࡕਭऊ 5 ঁДࡕ໒ۈ໒Ǵନ 7ʚຟᙒޣϐѦǴ ځдྕࡋೀϐਲ਼ӄӸࢲǴՠ໒ࣣեǴа 23ʚຟၮന٫ǴՠΨѝԖ 55&)߄ 5*Ǵఒኧ)2/12/4*К҂ຟၮޣ)2/6*ౣեǴࣧტڮᆶఒߏࡋک҂ຟ ၮޣ࣬՟Ƕ!
ȶᅈϺࢃȷኳᔕຟၮࡕǴନΑ 23ʚຟᙒޣϐѦǴځдྕࡋຟၮޣӸࢲ
ࣗեǶ23ʚຟᙒޣǴҞޑ)ಃ 2 ж*ό໒Ǵಃ 3 жܭਭऊ 27 ঁДࡕ)ԛ
ԃоۑ*ω໒ۈ໒Ǵ໒ࡐଯ)99/:&*)߄ 6*Ǵࠔ፦ཱུ٫)ԚኧᕷӭǴคа
ीኧǴఒߏ 2n аǴϩЍཱུӭ*ǶԜёૈӢȶᅈϺࢃȷ໒܄܌ठǴȶᅈϺࢃȷ
ӧԃύԖڰۓϐ໒යǴऊܭԃԃۭԿԛԃࡾ໒ǴӢԜຟၮࡕϐಃ 3 ж
ΨډԜਔω໒Ƕ!
!
่ፕᆶፕ
่ፕᆶፕ
่ፕᆶፕ
่ፕᆶፕ!!!!
аȶ๋ᆒᡫȷکȶᅈϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼ε)T4 ભ*ዕࡋኳᔕޜၮऍ୯Ǵຟ ၮࡕਲ਼ࠔ፦ᆶ໒ࠔ፦ؼӳǴᡉҢ೭ 3 ᅿЎЈើϟ፦ޜၮᒡऍӧࠔ፦ࢂё ՉޑǶҗܭЎЈើࣧᅿᜪᕷӭǴ܄ৡ౦εǴӢԜځдࠔᅿࢂցёՉǴϝሡ
ၸෳ၂Ƕ!
аȶᇋᑗȷکȶ๋ᆒᡫȷ!ЎЈើӭᅿዕࡋਲ਼Ǵኳᔕکጷጸើٳᘕੇၮᒡ ऍǴ่݀ȸᇋᑗȹຟၮࡕࠔ፦ᆶ໒ࠔ፦ؼӳǴӢԜёаکጷጸើٳᘕੇၮǴ Զȸ๋ᆒᡫȹ߾ѸݙཀዕࡋکຟၮࡕਭᕉნǴዕࡋѸե)T2 ભک T3 ભ*Ǵ ຟၮࡕਭܭեྕǴ߾ੇၮڀԖёՉ܄Ǵዕࡋଯ)T4 ભک T5 ભ*܈ຟࡕਭᕉ ნଯྕόՉǶ!
!
ੇၮྕࡋаȶ๋ᆒᡫȷᆶȶᅈϺࢃȷෳ၂Ǵࣣа 23ʚࣁ٫Ǵҁ၂ᡍȶ๋
ᆒᡫȷ!аεዕࡋ)T4 ભ*ෳ၂Ǵ໒ୃեǴѝԖ 51&Ǵکጷጸើٳᘕ)2:ʚຟ ၮ*ϐ่݀࣬՟ǴᡉҢջ٬ຟၮӧޑྕࡋǴዕࡋଯ)T4 ભ*ϝฅѝԖե໒
Ƕ!
ȶᅈϺࢃȷΨа 23ʚຟၮࣁ٫Ǵځдྕࡋ߾ࡐৡǴ߄Ңځੇၮྕࡋጄ ൎࡐλǶຟၮࡕಃ 2 ж໒Ǵಃ 3 жࠔ፦٫ՠाډۑ)եྕ*ω
໒ǴӢԜाᆉӳрαਔ໔܈ࢂᒧрαӦᗺԖեྕϐਭᕉნωӝрαǶ!
!
ୖԵЎ
ୖԵЎ
ୖԵЎ
ୖԵЎ!!!!
2/Ц྆౺ǵ!ഋ߲֮ǵ؇ӆЕ/!3117/!ຟၮྕࡋϷਔ໔ჹϟ፦ጷጸើਲ਼ຟၮ ғߏϐቹៜ/!ᆵ༜᛬ 63;422.431/!
3/۔᐀ߙ!3113!ܦᎠើϪ௦ࡕғϐࣴزǴ୯ҥကεᏢ!ᅺγፕЎǶ!
4/ᆬৎǵᒸ݇Ƕ3118ǶጷጸើੇၮѦᎍǶጷጸើਭ!q/21:.231/!؇ӆЕǵ ৪๓ቺ!ЬጓǴ୯ҥကεᏢጓӑǶ!
5/ᆬৎ-؇ӆЕ-Цܿ-ᒸ݇/!3117/!ጷጸើեྕຟၮϐࣴز/!Ѡ୯ሞើ
୯ሞើࣴᒠ/!q242.256/!
6/ᆬৎǵችᕞǵ!ጰߎҏǵ!࠴ࣿቢǵ!Ƕ3123Ƕຟᙒྕࡋᆶྒྷࡋჹ Efo/
ȶMvdlz!Hjsmȷࡾҡ௺ԋዕਲ਼ယТᆶ໒ࠔ፦ϐቹៜǶѠ༜᛬/!
69;416.425/!
7/ᆬৎǵᒸ݇ǵጰߎҏǵችᕞǶ3123ǶጷጸើੇၮѦᎍຟၮྕࡋڋᆶх
းׯ๓Ƕ༜ౢࠔ௦ࡕೀמೌࣴтǶq258.267Ƕ!
!
7. J. Nowak, and R. M. Rudnicki, 1990, Postharvest handling storage of cut flowers, florist greens, and potted plants. 210pp.
߄ 2/!ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷᆶȶᅈϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼ϟ፦ኳᔕޜၮऍ୯)36ʚ!4 В*ࡕ ϐਲ਼ࠔ፦ᆶ໒܄!
! ! ၮᒡࡕ! 2 Ԛ! ໒ ఒኧ ტڮ)В*!
ࠔᅿ! ೀ! ǵယࠔ፦! ໒Вኧ! )&*! ! 2 Ԛᖴ 203 ᖴ
๋ᆒᡫ! όຟၮ! ˔ʳ ్ʳ ˌˆˁˉʳ ˌ˃ʳ ˄ˁˈʳ ˆˊˁˉʳ ˈˉˁˈʳ
! ኳᔕޜၮ! ˔ʳ ్ʳ ˊˌˁˌʳ ˌ˃ʳ ˄ˁ˅ʳ ˇˇˁˈʳ ˈˊˁˇʳ ᅈϺࢃ! όຟၮ! ˔ʳ ్ʳ ˄ˈˊˁˆʳ ˌ˃ʳ ˄ˁˉʳ ˆ˅ˁˋʳ ˈˉˁ˄ʳ
! ኳᔕޜၮ! ˔ʳ ్ʳ ˄ˇˋˁˉʳ ˋ˃ʳ ˄ˁ˄ʳ ˆˌˁˌʳ ˈˊˁˆʳ ຏǺ2/!B ભж߄ؼӳǴᆶယϐፃϯ܈ឳཱུϿǴё۹ౣǶ3/ਲ਼ዕࡋࣁ T4 ભǶ!
ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ
߄ 3/ȶᇋᑗȷکȶ๋ᆒᡫȷЎЈើϟ፦а 2:ʚຟᙒ 39 Вኳᔕکጷጸើٳᘕੇ
ၮऍ୯ࡕϐࠔ፦ᆶਭܭեྕϷྕ࠻ϐ໒܄!
! ԋዕ! ຟࡕ! ຟࡕ 2 Ԛ! ໒ ᕴఒߏ! 2 Ԛ! ӄਲ਼ 203!!
ࠔᅿ! ࡋ! ᕉნ! ࠔ፦ ໒Вኧ !)&*! !)dn*! ᖴВኧ! ᖴВኧ!
ᇋᑗ! ˦˅ʳ եྕ! ˔ʳ ˄˄ˊʻ˄˅ˊʼ ˊ˃ʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˈˋˁˇʻˈˈˁˋʼʳ ˈˆˁˌʻˇˆˁˋʼʳ ˉˈˁ˄ʻˈˉˁˋʼʳ
! ˦ˆʳ եྕ! ˔ʳ ˌ˅ʻ˄˃˄ʼ ˌ˃ʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˈˉˁˌʻˉˋˁˌʼʳ ˇ˄ˁˋʻˇ˄ˁˉʼʳ ˈˈˁˇʻˉ˃ˁ˃ʼʳ ᇋᑗ! S2 ! ˔ʳ ˋˌʻ˄˃˄ʼ ˋˌʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˈˋˁˌʻˊ˄ˁ˅ʼʳ ˇ˃ˁˇʻˆˋˁˊʼʳ ˈ˄ˁˆʻˈˇˁˌʼʳ
! S3 ! ˔ʳ ˋ˃ʻˊˉʼʳ ˊˋʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˇˉˁ˃ʻˈˉˁˈʼʳ ˇ˃ˁ˄ʻˇ˄ˁˌʼʳ ˈ˄ˁˉʻˉ˄ˁˉʼʳ
๋ᆒᡫ! ˦˄ʳ եྕ! ˕ʳ ˅ˇˊʻ˅ˈ˃ʼ ˋ˃ʻˋ˃ʼʳ ˉˊˁˆʻˉˊˁˉʼʳ ˈ˃ˁˉʻˇˉˁˌʼʳ ˉˊˁˋʻˊˇˁˇʼʳ
! ˦˅ʳ եྕ! ˕ʳ ˄ˋˊʻ˄ˋˆʼ ˋ˃ʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˉˇˁ˃ʻˉ˃ˁˈʼʳ ˈˋˁˇʻˈˉˁˈʼʳ ˊˊˁ˄ʻˊˈˁˇʼʳ
! ˦ˆʳ եྕ! ˕ʳ ˄ˉˉʻ˄˅ˇʼ ˆ˃ʻ˄˃˃ʼ ˊˉˁ˃ʻˉˇˁ˅ʼʳ ˉˆˁˆʻˈˊˁ˄ʼʳ ˋ˃ˁˆʻˊ˃ˁˈʼʳ
! ˦ˇʳ եྕ! ˕ʳ լၲʻˊˊʼ ˃ʻˉ˃ʼʳ ˀˀʳʻˈˌˁˉʼʳ ˀˀʳʻˆˇˁˆʼʳ ˀˀʳʻˈˌˁˊʼʳ
๋ᆒᡫ! S1 ! ˕ʳ ˅˄ˆʻ˄ˌˉʼ ˊˋʻˋ˃ʼʳ ˇ˄ˁ˄ʻˇˆˁˋʼʳ ˇ˄ˁˋʻˆˋˁˈʼʳ ˈˈˁˉʻˈˊˁ˃ʼʳ
! S2 ! ˕ʳ ˄ˊˆʻ˄ˉˉʼ ˉˊʻˉˊʼʳ ˆˈˁ˃ʻˇ˅ˁˇʼʳ ˆˋˁ˃ʻˇˉˁ˃ʼʳ ˇˌˁˆʻˈˈˁˋʼʳ
! S3 ! ˕ʳ ˄˅˃ʻ˄˃ˋʼ ˈ˃ʻˌ˃ʼʳ ˆˆˁ˃ʻˇˋˁˇʼʳ ˆˌˁˈʻˆˈˁ˃ʼʳ ˈ˄ˁ˃ʻˇˆˁˋʼʳ ʳ S4 ! ˕ʳ լၲʻˊˊʼ ˃ʻˌ˃ʼʳ ˀˀʳʻˈ˅ˁ˄ʼʳ ˀˀʳʻ˅ˊˁˈʼʳ ˀˀʳʻˇ˃ˁˇʼʳ ຏ 2/ǺຟࡕᕉნǴեྕࡰਭܭեྕྕ࠻Ǵࡰ॥৻Нᕅதྕྕ࠻Ƕ!
ຏ 3/Ǻຟࡕࠔ፦ࡰਲ਼ᆶယϐࠔ፦ǴB ж߄ؼӳǴC ж߄!ԴౚԖϩယǴ ယӾᆶඬᗺǴཥౚϐယᆶؼӳǴϝڀࠔሽॶǶ!
ຏ 4/Ǻ)!!*ϣϐኧᏵࡰ҂ຟၮޣǶ!
ຏ 5/ǺȹȋȸࡰؒԖ໒Ƕ!
߄ 4/!ȶ๋ᆒᡫȷᆶȶᅈϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼ϟ፦ܭόӕྕࡋຟᙒ 39 Вࡕϐࠔ
߄ 6/ȶᅈϺࢃȷЎЈើਲ਼ϟ፦ܭόӕྕࡋຟၮࡕਲ਼Ӹࢲᆶ໒ݩǶ!
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ຟၮྕࡋ! ਲ਼Ӹࢲ
)&*!
ಃ 2 ж!
໒!
)&*!
ಃ 3 ж!
໒!
)&*!
҂ຟၮ! 100 90 -
6к 0 0 -
9к 0 0 -
12к 100 0 88.9
15к 50 0 -
18к 20 0 -
ຏ 2/!ಃ 3 жऊܭຟᙒࡕ 27 ঁД໒ۈ໒Ǵȷ.ȶж߄ؒԖፓǶ!
Study on the Transportation of ‘Sweet Sugar’,’Purple Fairy’and ’Stars’
Oncidium Pot Plants with sphagnum moss to the USA
Chao-chia Huang1*, Chin-yu Tsai2, Huei-suei Huang2,and Ming-Chin Tseng3
Abstract
The effect of air and marine shipment of Oncidium plants with sphagnum moss to the USA are studied by simulated shipment. The quality of ‘Purple Fairy’
(Clom. Wild Cat’Purple Fairy’) and‘Stars’Oncidium plants after simulated air shipment to the USA are good. About 80 to 90%of the plant bloomed after cultivation.
The life spans are about 57 days judged by half of the florets in a spike faded. It indicates these two varieties can be shipped to the USA by air. ‘Sweet Sugar’ (Onc.
Sweet Sugar) and ‘Purple Fairy’ plants were stored at 19к for 28 days as a simulation of marine shipment. After transportation when the plants are grown at cool condition of day /night temperature at 25к/20к, plants of ‘Sweet Sugar’ at medium maturity (S2 stages) and high maturity (S3 stages), and plants of ‘Purple Fairy’at small to medium maturity (S1 and S2 stages) had good performances. The percentage of blooming plant, spike length, and life spans of flower were similar to the plants without storage. The plants of ‘Purple Fairy’at high maturity (S3 and S4 stages) had low blooming percentage. Plants at low maturity (S1 stages) took about 8 months to get flower. When the plants are grown at higher temperature of day /night temperature at 30к/25к after storage. The performance of Sweet Sugar’ is still good. The spike length and the life spans become very short in‘Purple Fairy’. The result indicated that the ‘Purple Fairy’ plants should be grown at cool condition after marine shipment.
To study the suitable shipment temperature ‘Purple Fairy’and‘Stars’ oncidium plants have been stored at 6 к, 9 к, 12 к, 15 к and 18 к for 28 days as a simulated marine shipment. The maturities of both varieties are high (S3 stages). After storage all the plants of ‘Purple Fairy’maintained good except for those stored at 6 к. The best quality occurred in plants stored at 12 к. In ‘Stars’only the plants stored at
12к maintained good quality while all the plants stored at other temperature become bad. It showed that 12 кis the most suitable temperature. Plants of ' Purple Fairy ' bloomed after 5 months of cultivation. The best one are those stored at 12 к but only 44% plants bloomed. The flower quality and life span were similar to those plants without storage. It indicates that 12 к may be the suitable temperature for marine shipment. The plants of‘Stars’do not bloom until about 16 months of cultivation after storage.
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*Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]
1Associate Research Fellow, Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
2Research Assistants, Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
3The present of Sun Sing Garden CO., LTD
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Ѥۑើයፓးמೌ
Ѥۑើයፓးמೌ
Ѥۑើයፓးמೌ
Ѥۑើයፓးמೌ! !! !
Flowering regulation of Cymbidium ensifolium
ᝬଳ2-3! by
Yao-Chien Alex Chang1,2
ᄔाᄔाᄔा
ᄔा!!!!
ᑯើឦ!)Cymbidium spp.*ࣁᆵើౢϤεբނϐǴӧ 3125 ԃޑрαॶ ࣁ :51 ऍϡǴ՞ᆵѦᎍើޑಃΟՏǴځύаѤۑើ!\Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) SW/^!ࣁനεےǶѤۑើӢѤۑࣣё໒ԶளӜǴځᓬऍޑယηکమ३ޑ
ԚǴࣣࢂڙΓॺ഻ངϐচӢǶՠځۑЬाύӧ 8 Կ 21 ДǴऩૈፓයǴ ஒёගϲځѱሽॶǶՠයፓதόࢂൂБݤ܌ૈճၲԋǴࡺҁࣴزᆕӝ
༜᛬ᏹբǵϯᏢᛰᏊ٬ҔаϷᕉნፓٰՉѤۑើޑౢයፓǴࣴزрڀനε
ਏޑಔӝϷࡼҔׇǶճҔҁးמೌёፓѤۑើයǴߦ٬ਲ਼ӧߚ ໒ۑ໒ǴቚуܜఒኧǴගϲࠔሽॶǴ٬Ѡλᑯើ׳ڀ୯ሞᝡݾΚǶ!
ᜢᗖӷǺλᑯើǵ୯ើǵࡌើǵයፓǵނғߏፓᏊ!
Key words: oriental cymbidium, Chinese cymbidium, Cymbidium ensifolium, flowering regulation, plant growth regulators
2/!୯ҥᆵεᏢ༜᛬ᄤඳᢀᏢس௲ΖProfessor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
2. ೯ૻբޣ(Corresponding author), [email protected]
ނޑ໒ၸำхࡴΑٿঁϩǺ२ӃࢂޑബۈǴฅࡕࢂׇޑวػǶ
ӀӧϯᏢᛰᏊޑ٬ҔБय़Ǵջෳ၂ၸ 9 ᅿᛰᏊǴൂޑᛰᏊෳ၂ 9 ᅿᐚࡋǴჹ
ۓޑᛰᏊϷᐚࡋಔӝǴԿϞςΑଯၲ 26 ԛޑෳ၂Ƕךॺ׳ࣴวӭᅿᛰᏊޑଛ ӝ٬ҔǴளޕന٫ಔӝᆶࡼҔׇǶךॺΨෳ၂ΑࡼҔБԄᆶࡼҔਔᐒǴаளന
٫٬Ҕ่݀Ƕ!
!
Ѥۑើޑ໒ፓ࣬ፄᚇǴӢԜךॺΨຑΑόӕғߏຼයޑቹៜǵό ӕۑޑቹៜǵຑόӕՏޑԋਏǵຑ༜᛬ᏹբჹ୯ើ໒ޑਏ݀Ǵਥ Ᏽຑෳ่݀໒วΑԜයፓးמೌǶҁးמೌёߦѤۑើӧߚ໒ۑ
໒ǴቚуܜఒኧǴёፓයǵගϲࠔሽॶȐკ 6ȑǴ٬ᆵλᑯើ׳
ڀ୯ሞᝡݾΚǶ!
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კ 2/!ᗬ୯ޣ٬ҔϯᏢᛰᏊՉǴׇ྾ࠠຝߚதදၹǶ!
კ!3/!ᗬ୯ޣό٬ҔނғߏፓᏊՉǴԋׇ܈Ԛ྾ࠠǶ!
კ 4/!ᆵ୯ើޣό٬ҔނғߏፓᏊǴԋᔼᎦ҂҅தวػޔௗϩϯ ԋׇǴౢࠔόڀሽॶǶ!
კ 5/!ό٬ҔނғߏፓᏊόՠ҂ૈճǴҭёૈౢғၸӭᔼᎦǴ٬
ਲ਼ғߏ༈১ǶԜკࣁᆵޣ٬ҔނғߏፓᏊϐਢٯǶ!
კ 6/!ճҔҁးמೌܭፓߎଞѤۑើ໒ϐჴٯǶკѰࣁჹྣಔǴ 44&
ਲ਼ܜఒǴࣧܜ 2 ఒǶკѓࣁೀಔǴܜఒၲ!:3&-!ఒӭǶ!
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ႝྣೀӧЎЈើ
ႝྣೀӧЎЈើ ႝྣೀӧЎЈើ
ႝྣೀӧЎЈើȶ ȶ ȶᘗᘔᆘ ȶ ᘗᘔᆘ ᘗᘔᆘȷ ᘗᘔᆘ ȷ ȷ ȷғౢϐճҔ ғౢϐճҔ ғౢϐճҔ! ғౢϐճҔ !! !
ܰऍذ1
ᄔाᄔाᄔा
ᄔा
ҁ၂ᡍҞޑࣁፓЎЈើ‘ᘗᘔᆘ’ࠔᅿ໒යϷගଯׇࠔ፦Ƕ6 ДନࡕǴԾ 10ДډϪ௦ԏයǴаࢎܭނБ 1.7 m ϐ 400 W ଯᓸ໊ᐩǴ௦БԄ ܭပВࡕೱុۯߏႝྣǴϩࣁ 2 λਔᆶᐩНѳຯᚆ 4.5 Ϸ 9.0 mǹ3 λਔᆶᐩНѳ ຯᚆ 4.5ǵ9.0 Ϸ 13.5 mǹ4 λਔᆶᐩНѳຯᚆ 4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m Ϸคႝྣჹྣಔೀ
Ƕ่݀ᡉҢǴပВࡕೱុۯߏႝྣёۯᒨ໒යǶයа 2 λਔႝྣೀёۯ ࡕԿ႖ԃ 2 Կ 3 Дǵ3 Ϸ 4 λਔೀёፓԿ႖ԃ 2 Կ 4 ДǴჹྣಔ߾ᆢܭ
ԃ 12 ДԿ႖ԃ 2 ДǶׇޑࠔ፦ΨҗပВࡕۯߏႝྣೀ܌ቚǴջቚуׇ
ᕴߏࡋǵߏࡋǵಳߏࡋǵಃϩ݄ߏࡋکϩΰኧǶӚঁೀ(2 λਔǵ4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m/3 λਔǵ4.5ǵ9.0 Ϸ 13.5 m/4 λਔǵ4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m/ჹྣ)ϐ A ભϪКٯ ϩձࣁ 10ǵ30ǵ46.7ǵ46.7ǵ43.3ǵ23.3ǵ36.7 ک 0%ǶᡏԶقନଛӝଯᓸ໊
ᐩႝྣೀёፓЎЈើ‘ᘗᘔᆘ’ࠔᅿ໒ය٠ගଯϪࠔ፦Ƕ ߕуᜢᗖӷǺଯᓸ໊ᐩǵႝྣǵϪࠔ፦
Additional index wordsǺhigh pressure sodium, lighting, cut flower quality
قق
قق
ЎЈើϪЬाѦᎍВҁǴᏵࡹᜢิ 2012 ԃϐѦᎍౢॶऊ 5.5 ሹϡ ཥѠჾǶՠࢂЎЈើϪӸӧౢයϩթόѳ֡ޑຝǴϪౢໆεӭύܭ 5-6 ДϷ 9-10 Дٿঁଯঢ়යǴౢය۳۳ӢໆӭԶሽຳǴ12 ДԿ 4 ДޑໆၨϿǴ ᗨฅሽଯǴՠёрޑϪໆୃեǶᗨฅЎЈើޑౢයፓϷගଯࠔ፦БݤԖӭ ᅿǴՠޔϝฅคݤஒౢයԖਏϩ໒٠ၲගଯࠔ፦ϐਏǶܭౢයፓޑࣴزЎ
хࡴᕗޥ٬Ҕ(ߠǴ2007ǹ৪Ǵ1997ǹک݅Ǵ2004ǹෞǴ2009)ǵନמೌ(Ǵ 2001ǹ
1ՉࡹଣၭہᆵύၭׯؼշࣴزǶAssistant Researcher of Taichung DARES, COA.
Ǵ1997)ǵఒמೌ(৪Ǵ1997)ǵႝྣמೌ(݅Ǵ2008ǹ৪Ǵ1997ǹෞǴ2009ǹ ύǴ2011ǹҖύǴ1981)ӭᅿǹԶܭׇࠔ፦ගଯޑЎԖ້ޥǵᕗޥϷ ᐟનޑࡼҔ(ک݅Ǵ2004ǹǴ1996ǹෞǴ2009)ᗨฅჹౢӭϿԖ٤շǴ ՠϝԖࣴزޑޜ໔Ǵځύႝྣמೌܭౢޔ҂ჴሞ٬ҔǴѠύܭѠύѱε
֞ыౢᎍಃ 5 Չଯᓸ໊ᐩ(БԄ)ଛӝନמೌаයၲډϩණౢයϷග ଯ 3ǵ4 ДϪࠔ፦ϐࣴزҞޑǶ
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ
ᆶБݤ
ǵଯᓸ໊ᐩӀϩ
аӀ(ASD Inc. Hand Held 2 ࠠဦǴёෳӀݢߏጄൎࣁ 325 nm-1075 nm)Ǵෳໆ 400 W ଯᓸ໊ᐩӀϩթǶ
Βǵ၂ᡍӦϷೀ
၂ᡍӦՏܭѠύѱε֞ӦѠύѱыౢᎍಃ 5 ቅЎரၭ҇ϐЎЈ
ើϪើ༜Ǵܭ 101 ԃ 10 Д 1 В໒ۈՉЎЈើޑႝྣೀǴ၂ᡍ٬Ҕᐩ ڀࣁԓӀจ 400 W ଯᓸ໊ᐩǴᐩڀࢎଯࡋࣁ 260 cmǴаБԄྣǴ җΠϱ 5Ǻ00-5Ǻ30 (ᒿВပਔ໔ፓ)໒ۈႝྣǴ၂ᡍϩࣁคႝྣ(ߏᜐ 30.5 mǵቨᜐ 4m)Ǵႝྣ 2 λਔ(ߏᜐ 66.3 mǵ႖ 4.5 m ࿈ᐩǵӅ
15࿈ᐩǵൂय़ྣӀǵቨᜐ 16.2 m)Ǵႝྣ 3 λਔ(ࣁఊࠠǵۭ 81.4 mǵ
႖ 4.5 m ࿈ᐩǵԖ 18 ࿈ᐩǵΠۭ 71.1 m ႖ 4.5 m ࿈ᐩԖ 16
࿈ᐩǵٿୁϩձࣁ 28 m Ϸ 27 m Ӛ 8 ࿈Ϸ 7 ࿈ᐩ)Ǵႝྣ 4 λਔ(ߏᜐ 61.6 mǵ႖ 4.5 m ࿈ᐩǵӅ 12 ࿈ᐩǵൂय़ྣӀǵቨᜐ 12.6 m)Ƕ
ႝྣය໔җ 10 Д 1 ВԿϪ௦ԏֹԋǶ Οǵ၂ᡍਲ਼
၂ᡍࣁ 3 ԃғޑ Onc. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’ࠔᅿϐ 7 әࣧ
ਲ਼Ǵа࿗ҡϷೂЕࣁਭϟ፦Ǵӧ 6 ДӃՉନǴନБԄࣁคఒޑ ଷౚಳӄନǴԖఒޑଷౚಳࡑϪ௦ԏࡕӆନǴਲ਼ᆅࡼޥБԄ ࣁၭ҇ᄍՉБԄǶ
Ѥǵ၂ᡍБݤ
ϤДନਲ਼ܭ 10 Д 1 В໒ۈႝྣೀǴԜਔଷౚಳςၲрᓋޥεයǴ ٩၂ᡍೀόӕޑႝྣਔ໔٠ܭ 2 ᆶ 4 λਔܭᐩΠ 1.7 m Нѳຯᚆ 4.5 mϷ 9 m Ϸ 3 λਔܭᐩΠ 1.7 m Нѳຯᚆ 4.5ǵ9.0 Ϸ 13.5 m ೀϷคႝྣ
ྕӀࡋी(ਲ਼ଯࡋ 40 cm ೀ)ෳໆᒵႝྣය໔ϐྕǵӀࡋᡂϯǴ
܌ளӀࡋ٩ Runkle (2008)܌ගଯᓸ໊ᐩ 82 luxɨ1 ȝmolǷm-2Ƿs-1уаඤᆉǶ ϖǵፓҞϷБݤ
()Ϫࠔ፦ፓǺ
ܭёـਔය(ఒߏ 5 cm аΠ)ǴаЁǵෞЁෳໆӚ၂ਲ਼ޑ ଷౚಳϐߏǵቨǵࠆǴೀෳໆ 3 ख़ፄǴख़ፄ 5 ਲ਼Ӆ 8 ೀෳள 120 ਲ਼Ƕ
ܭϪ௦ԏਔǴܭ 2ǵ4 λਔ၂ܭᐩΠНѳຯᚆ 4.5 m Ϸ 9.0 m ೀǴ3
λਔ၂ܭᐩΠНѳຯᚆ 4.5 mǵ9.0 mǵ13.5 m Ϸჹྣ(คႝྣ)ǴӚ௦ԏ
ᘗᘔᆘ(Honey Angel)ࠔᅿоۑϩભྗǺA ભ(4L)7 ϩΰаǴ݄ᕴ ߏࡋሡၲ 85 cmǴಳߏ 35 cm аǴಃ 1 ϩ݄ሡԖ 17 cmǶB ભ(3L)Ǻ5-6 ک 490-550 nm ᆘӀޑ֖ໆၨϿǴ550-585 nm Ӏǵ585-640 nm ᐈӀޑ֖ໆၨଯǴ 640-700 nmޑआӀଯܭ 700-740 nm ᇻआӀޑໆǴځआӀ/ᇻआӀ(R/FR)ॶୃଯǶ
ВပࡕۯߏВߏϐႝྣය໔ޑྕࡋᡂϯӵ(߄ 1)܌ҢǴ2ǵ3 Дය໔ڹఁޑྕ
ࡋၨեǴคႝྣѳ֡ྕࡋࣁ 15.9ʚǴԶႝྣޑѳ֡ྕࡋϟܭ 15.92-16.23ʚϐ ໔ǴѝԖϿޑቚଯྕࡋǴׇวػය໔ޑྕࡋ҅եྕਔයǶ
Fig1. Spectrum distribution characteristic of high-pressure sodium lamp.
კ 1. ଯᓸ໊ᐩӀϩթ܄.
߄ 1.ଯᓸ໊ᐩόӕਔኧྣΠޑѳ֡ྕࡋ
Table 1. Average temperature of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp from 6-Feb, 2013 to 14-Mar,2013.
Lighting (hours)
Horizontal distance from light (m)
Temperature (ʚ)
21 4.5 16.18±2.64
9.0 15.99±2.44
32 4.5 16.23±2.97
9.0 16.04±2.92 13.5 16.06±2.91
41 4.5 15.92±2.51
9.0 15.96±2.41
0 ɡ 15.90±2.69
1.On one side, lights were set every 4.5 meters in a row.
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 meters in a row.
˃ˁ˃˃˃ˁ˃˃
߄ 2. ଯᓸ໊ᐩόӕਔኧྣΠޑѳ֡Ӏࡋ
Table 2. Average light intensity of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp from 6-Feb, 2013 to 14 Mar,2013.
Lighting Horizontal distance from light Light intensity (hours) (m) (ȝmolǷm-2Ƿs-1) (Lux)
21 4.5 8.54±1.40 700.59±114.65
9.0 1.45±0.42 118.76±34.33
32 4.5 3.16±0.47 259.0±38.28
9.0 1.49±0.37 121.99±30.45 13.5 1.17±0.15 95.64±12.31 41 4.5 7.71±1.61 632.05±132.17
9.0 2.68±0.79 219.51±64.99
0 ɡ 0 0
1.On one side, lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
߄ 3. ଯᓸ໊ᐩόӕႝྣਔኧჹЎЈើ‘ᘗᘔᆘ’ଷౚಳғػϐቹៜ
Table 3. Effect of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp on pseudobulb development of Onc. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’
Lighting Horizontal distance from light
Psendobulb
height width thickness
(hours) (m) (cm) (cm) (mm)
21 4.5 9.42*3 4.61* 26.65
9.0 9.55* 4.56* 30.78*
32 4.5 9.27* 4.89* 30.93*
9.0 9.79* 5.14* 31.86*
13.5 9.39* 5.01* 30.31*
41 4.5 9.63* 4.53* 26.89
9.0 9.58* 4.76* 29.50*
0 ɡ 7.70 3.71 24.86
1.On one side, lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
3.Comparisons of all treatments against a control by Dunnett, comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by *.
ӄၲᡉ܄ৡ౦Ƕଷౚಳቨࡋ 2 λਔ 4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m ϩձࣁ 4.61 Ϸ 4.56 cmǹ3 λਔ 4.5ǵ9.0 Ϸ 13.5 m ϩձࣁ 4.89ǵ5.14 Ϸ 5.01 cmǹ4 λਔ 4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m ϩձࣁ 4.53 cmǵ4.76 cmǴ܌Ԗೀଷౚಳቨࡋࣣεܭคႝྣ(ჹྣ)ϐ 3.71 cmǴӄ
ၲᡉ܄ৡ౦Ƕଷౚಳࠆࡋ 2 λਔ 4.5 Ϸ 9.0 m ϩձࣁ 26.65 Ϸ 30.78 mmǹ3
Table 4. Effect of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp on flower quality of Onc.Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’
Lighting Horizontal distance from
light
Flower stalk length
Length of the flower
Length the lowest branch
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
3.Comparisons of all treatments against a control by Dunnett, comparisons significant at the 0.05 level are indicated by *.
ਥᏵЎЈើѦᎍѱޑϩભྗՉϪ௦ԏࡕޑϩભǴ၂ᡍϪϩભޑભ ኧϩթӵ(߄ 5)ǴႝྣԖշܭϪભኧޑගϲǴёቚу A ભޑԭϩКǴЀځ 3 λਔ 4.5 mǵ9.0 m Ϸ 13.5 m ǴA ભϩձࣁ 46.7%ǵ46.7%Ϸ 43.3%Ǵځԛ ࣁ 2 λਔ 9.0 m ک 4 λਔ 9.0 m ϩձࣁ 30%Ϸ 36.7%Ǵ2 λਔ 4.5 m ೀϐ A
ભԭϩК 10%Ͽܭ 9.0 m ೀϐ 30%Ǵ4 λਔ 4.5 m ೀϐ A ભԭϩК 23.3%Ͽ ܭ 9.0 m ೀϐ 36.7%ǶᡉฅӀமࡋၸଯ٠คၨӳޑϪࠔ፦Ƕ
߄ 5. ଯᓸ໊ᐩόӕႝྣਔኧჹЎЈើ‘ᘗᘔᆘ’Ϫࠔ፦ޑቹៜ
Table 5. Effect of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp on Classfication rate of Onc. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’
Lighting Horizontal distance from light
Classfication rate (%) 9.0 36.7±5.8 26.7±20.8 23.3±5.8 13.3±11.6
0 ɡ 0±0 6.7±5.8 30±17.3 63.3±20.8
1.On one side, lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 m in arow.
ЎЈើ 3 ԃғਲ਼ܭ 6 ДҽՉନೀǴܭ 10 Д 1 ВВߏᡂอޑۑ໒
Table 6. Effect of different lighting hours using the high-pressure sodium lamp on harvest period of Onc. Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’
Lighting (hours)
Cutting bud date Starting date for lighting
Harvest
2.All sides (around the orchid garden), lights were set every 4.5 m in a row.
ፕፕ 1981ǹBlanchard and Runkle, 2010ǹNisidate et al., 2012ǹYamada et al., 2009ǹ Yamada et al., 2008ǹYamade et al., 2009)ࢩਧఒǵᅈϺࢃǵ๋ᛥើԖаႝྣፓ
ౢයޑൔǴځύΓπӀྍޑआӀ/ᇻआӀКॶቹៜ໒ޑۯࡕ܈ගԐǴа
ଯᓸ໊ᐩҭ٬ҔܭፓߏВނය(Blachard and Runkle, 2010) Ǵ٩ݢߏ ϩթ(ᄃک৪Ǵ2010)ଯᓸ໊ᐩځӀύ֖ໆၨӭआᐈӀکၨϿᙔᆘӀǴࠠک
ಳࢂНϩک१ނޑຟᙒ(How and Yong, 1994)Ǵёٮ๏ׇғߏ܌ሡǴ܌аႝ
ز.ੈԢ݅ᏢଣᏢൔ 25(6)Ǻ798-802Ƕ
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