ᓪប൑ᓔ 61 MODǵemomeǵhiChann 28

рᖻҬ೯ೕჄ 52 ѠчҖ৩൑ 26

ӼᔠǵᆸѠӼӄ 52 Ҭ೯ࡰࠄ 24

៓ၡس಍ 47 ݚԣ 22

ᒧЋ׸ 38 ೛ࡼόᅈ 17

ಭಬس಍ 37 Ӏ্ǵ൑Ӧ኱Ңόى 15

ϣ෫ጕଶᎭ 37 ౚ൑௨Нό٫ 13

ᄽಞ 31 WiMAX 12

൑ᓔ౽Ҭ 30 ૛Ҝᆢ࡭όܰ 12

խ຤ௗር 30 ᇡ᛾ύЈ 10

வ಍ी߄ύᡉҢр 2009 ԃٿεࠠࢲ୏ӧȨ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩᄬय़ύޑ᝼ᚒว৖Ǻ

ಃ΋ǵᆶᓪប൑ᓔ࣬ᜢޑ٣ҹӧ୷ᘵࡌ೛Չᎍύ܌эКٯനख़ǴҁԛШၮ཮Ь൑ᓔᖐ

ંତጓዸ(Matrix Coding)ǴࡌҥाનӅ౜ંତǶ٩Ᏽ΢ॊ٣ҹ࿯ᗺ܌଺ޑંତጓዸ่

݀಍ीǴёౢғ 41×41 ޑाનӅ౜ંତǴҗܭጇ൯Ԗज़Ǵ໻ᒿᐒӈᖐр 10×10 ંତ

߄ ΜΎ! ШၮϷ᠋༫Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩஏࡋǵӛЈࡋኧॶ߄

Шၮ ӛЈࡋ ஏࡋ ᠋༫ ӛЈࡋ ஏࡋ ᆢӼբ཰ 131 0.32 ᆢӼբ཰ 83 0.28

Ϧً 113 0.24 ၰၡ 79 0.19 ଯೲ៓ၡ 112 0.26 ࠾ၡǵҬ೯ᆅڋ 74 0.28 ૐޜ 107 0.09 Ϧً 73 0.13 Шၮറំ཮ 106 0.24 ૐޜ 70 0.09 Ҳܿᙦ໢ 84 0.06 ٛࣝπբ 66 0.16

௘ၮس಍ 71 0.29 ϣ෫ጕଶᎭݾ᝼ 61 0.22

ٛࣝπբ 62 0.06 рᖻҬ೯ೕჄ 46 0.19 NCC Ϸႝߞ཰ޣ 61 0.06 ௘ၮس಍ 33 0.16 ᓪប൑ᓔ 54 0.03 ӼᔠǵᆸѠӼӄ 30 0.09 ѳ֡ 41 0.10 ѳ֡ 28 0.12 ҁ໘ࢤǴճҔ UCINET ϩ݋೬ᡏϩձीᆉрȨШၮȩϷȨ᠋༫ȩ֖٣ҹ࿯ᗺஏ ࡋᆶӛЈࡋࡰ኱ኧᏵǴа଺ࣁཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კᛤᇙ٩ᏵǴӧԜ໻ӈᖐрځύ 10 ฽ኧ ᏵǴीᆉ่݀ӵኧॶ߄Ȑ

߄ ΜΎȑǶ

ӧҁԛ 2009 ԃчଯٿεࠠࢲ୏Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩύǴШၮӛЈࡋޑѳ֡ॶଯܭ

᠋༫ǴԶӧஏࡋޑѳ֡߾եܭ᠋༫ǶᡉҢӛЈࡋޑ೽ϩǴШၮޑाનύԖၨӭࢂۚܭ ᆛ๎ύЈڀԖख़ाӦՏǹԶஏࡋ߾߄Ңाન໔ᖄᛠޑѳ֡மࡋǴӢԜёޕ᠋༫ӧȨ୷ ឦࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩޑ೽ϩǴाન໔࣬ϕၮҔޑำࡋၨଯǴԶШၮ߾ឦܭൂᐱाનᐱԾӧᆛ ၡύวචਏҔǴӚэख़ाՏ࿼Ǵՠ۶Ԝ໔คᖄᛠǶ

ௗ๱Ǵаኧॶ߄ύஏࡋᆶӛЈࡋѳ֡ॶࣁ০኱চᗺǴஒ٣ҹ࿯ᗺᙯඤࣁȐxɨӛ ЈࡋǴyɨஏࡋȑ০኱ॶǴᛤᇙрཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კȐӵკ ΒΜϖǵკ ΒΜϤȑǴᙖҗ ཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კޑև౜Ǵஒ຾΋؁ᢀჸ٣ҹ࿯ᗺӧ০኱კ΢ޑϩթ௃׎Ǵ٠٩ᏵѤε

୔ୱޑϣ఼ǵۓကǴٰϩ݋Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩ࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒޑ዗ߐำࡋǴаϷၨڀᜢᗖޑ

࿯ᗺाનǶ

კ ΒΜϖ! ȨШၮ—୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კ

კ ΒΜϤ! Ȩ᠋༫—୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კ ߄ ΜΖ! Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩѤຝज़Кၨ߄

ШၮȨ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩѤຝज़

I II III IV

ᆢӼբ཰ ଶًୢᚒ WiMAX Ҳܿᙦ໢

௘ၮس಍ Ҭ೯ࡰࠄ ೛ࡼόᅈ ٛࣝπբ ଯೲ៓ၡ рᖻҬ೯ೕჄ ྟОཀѦ؃ᓭ NCC Ϸႝߞ཰ޣ

Ϧً ൑ᓔ౽Ҭ ᇡ᛾ύЈ ᓪប൑ᓔ Шၮറំ཮ ಭಬس಍ ౚ൑௨Нό٫ ૐޜ

᠋༫Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩѤຝज़

I II III IV

࠾ၡǵҬ೯ᆅڋ խ຤ௗር ଯೲ៓ၡ ૐޜ ϣ෫ጕଶᎭݾ᝼ ൑ӦӀ্ ໺൞ǵቹႽႝ၉ ӼᔠǵᆸѠӼӄ

ၰၡ ൑ᓔୃᇻ ݚԣό಄኱ྗ *

рᖻҬ೯ೕჄ ൑ᓔᑫࡌ٬Ҕ૸ፕ ៓ၡس಍ *

ٛࣝπբ ೛ࡼόᅈ ؅௨൑ᜤߥᎦ *

ᙖҗाન࿯ᗺӧӚຝज़ϩѲკǴёаᕕှाનӧ 2009 ԃޑεࠠࢲ୏ύ೏ၮҔޑ

௃׎ϷԋዕࡋǴёᕴ่рΠӈፕॊǺ

΋ǵШၮޑᆢӼ᝼ᚒೀܭϣ೽ᖄ่ᆙஏǴᖿӛԋዕޑाનǶӧ 2009 ԃϖДҽഋ

๸ѱߏ߻۳ч٧ՉᎍШၮǴᆶεഌᡏػᕴֽֽߏቅ᜻཮य़Ǵቅ᜻ӧ཮ـύ੝ձமፓा

ߥៈୖуШၮ཮ύ୯εഌᒧЋޑӼӄǴҗܭҁԛࢲ୏Տܭ໼ӛѠᐱҥ൑ᗲܴޑᆘՅଯ

໢ѱǴύ୯໗р౜ёૈᏤठᐟ຾Ϝຎ௃ᆣǴӢԜѸ໪׳уख़ຎࢲ୏ᖐՉύޑӼӄԵ ໆǶ᠙ܭԜǴѸ໪ᙣ཈ೀ౛Ǵჹܭ୯ϣǴᜢܭࢲ୏ය໔ǴЇᏤ҇౲౛܄ޑཀـഋ௃Ϸ کѳᖐՉ҇Ь໣཮ၯՉޑນ؃ǹჹѦǴӧӕԃΟД୯ሞ݈ౚᒸ኱ᖻำථٚើь໗ӧЃ

୷ථڶ܎ӝᅟᎁݓးҽη᠍ᔐǴ೷ԋΖӜౚ঩ڙ໾ǵϤՏ᝾ჸ഼ғޑᄐቃǴჹܭଯ໢

Шၮ஥ٰᓸΚǶଯ໢ѱ᝾ჸֽֽߏጰߪക߄ҢǴᆢӼπբҗύѧکଯ໢ѱ۬ӝբǴҗ ϣࡹ೽ߏᄃΑаᏼҺӼᔠࡰචύЈޑࡰච۔Ǵ᝾ࡹ࿿ߏЦڑ໋ᏼҺ୺ՉߏǴӅ୏঩ 3

࿤ 6000 ӭΓԛޑ᝾ჸǴҙፎᏦծ 600 Γ׫ΕᆢӼπբǴаի౜നଯೕ਱ޑᆢӼǶ᠋

༫ޑȨ୷ᘵࡌ೛Չᎍȩ೽ҽ߾ӢࣁӦೀΓαஏࡋଯҬ೯ᕷ໶ޑѠчѱǴჹܭЬᒤൂՏ ԶقǴӵՖ໩ᄣޑӼ௨ύӭᒧЋрᖻޑҬ೯୏ጕࢂವεޑԵᡍǴҁԛջԖך୯ᒧЋӢ Ҭ೯ምᛖǴคݤӵයрᖻǴനࡕа᝾ً໒ၰǴӢԜ࠾ၡǵҬ೯ᆅڋϷрᖻҬ೯ೕჄ฻

ाન֤ပܭ I ຝज़ǴᡉҢԜ᝼ᚒӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿ςၲډԋዕᆙஏޑำࡋǶ

Βǵᙖҗ߄ ΜΖϷკ ΒΜϖǵკ ΒΜϤёа࣮рШၮޑҬ೯᝼ᚒပܭ II ຝज़Ǵ ӵǺଶًୢᚒǵрᖻҬ೯ೕჄǵҬ೯ࡰࠄ฻Ǵឦܭၲϣ೽ೱ่ᆙஏڙډख़ຎǹՠό՟

᠋༫૓ό໻ϣ೽ᖄ่ᆙஏǴЪᝄख़ډပܭ I ޑԋዕਡЈՏ࿼ǶԜѦǴଯ໢ҭό՟Ѡч ࣁפόډًՏޑୢᚒǴԶࢂᓪប൑ᓔϼεΑǴଶً൑ᚆКᖻ൑Ӧၡ೼ૈϼᇿᇻǴ೷ԋ

҇౲ܤ࡜ǴԶӧᖻࡕᓪប൑ᓔޑ౽Ҭբ཰ҭࢂഢڙᢋҞޑ஑ߐᐱҥ٣ҹǴՉࡹଣᡏہ

཮ᆶଯ໢ѱࡹ۬ჹܭᓪប൑ᓔޑᔼၮБԄࢂց಄ӝۚ҇ޑයࡑǴЪૈցૈॄᏼ΋ԃ 8000 ࿤ϡޑᆅ౛຤ǴԜᜪ᝼ᚒр౜ܭ II ຝज़ёޕჹܭεࠠࢲ୏ޑᖐᒤǴȨ൑ᆅ҂ٰޑ ᔼၮȩᗨฅόࢂ२ा᝼ᚒǴՠߏයԖΓᜢݙǴࡺၲ΋ۓೕኳǴᗨᆶځѬ᝼ᚒᖄᛠۘό ஏϪǴՠ૨ηᓔޑၗྍ໕࿼Ǵࢂѱ҇܌όᜫـޑǶӧ᠋༫୷ᘵࡌ೛Չᎍᄬय़ύ֤ပܭ II ຝज़ޑԖᜢܭѠчҖ৩൑ޑ࣮ѠࡂഗӀ্ޑ٣ҹǴࣁԜѱߏଘᓪ⊭ࡨೖՐЊǴаስ ఛ໅྽ՔЋᘶǴჹКᖻύޑᏓॣǵҬ೯ाᆅڋǵϷӀ্܌೷ޑυᘋǴፎ؃ۚ҇ޑЍ࡭

ၟᡏፊǴԶਥᏵཥπೀ܌ගٮޑᔠᡍൔ֋Ǵᡏػ൑қՅࡂഗޑ៓ࢧᓪ༡਑ϸ৔๋Ѧጕ К౗ଯၲ 9 ԋ 9Ǵϸ৔዗ૈΨၲ 7 ԋ 3ǴӢԜᆙᎃޑՐЊ઱઱ל᝼ǴᡉҢԜ᝼ᚒӧ΋

೽ҽ௼ဂύ೷ԋቹៜǴᗨฅϩթόεǴՠᗈፕϣ೽ᆙஏǶ

Οǵಃ III ຝज़ࢂӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եޑޑ᝼ᚒǴԜᜪ᝼ᚒаཥᆪᏢޑفࡋӭឦܭ ཀѦ٣ҹ܈ࢂӒᐒ٣ҹǴԵᡍЬᒤൂՏӒᐒೀ౛ޑૈΚǴૈցזೲ௓ڋ᝼ᚒᘉ஭෡

ࢉǴफ़եཥᆪ໺ኞೲࡋаӼۓΓЈǴவଯ໢Шၮಃ III ຝज़ޑკҢёܴᡉ࣮раࡼܫ

ྟО܌ౢғޑཀѦϷჹܭ೛ࡼቫय़ޑόᅈ٣ҹࣁЬᡏǶȨ๐ឳྟОȩҗ΢΋࿯Шၮ֎

ЇΚ࿯ᗺ K=4 ջёޕࢂख़ाޑਡЈाનǴԶҁ࿯Ϸ௖૸ྟОޑࡼܫϷࡌ೛ϐ໔ޑቹ ៜǴӧ 2009 ԃޑࠄчٿεࠠࢲ୏ǴόऊԶӕ೿р౜ࡼܫྟОۯ՜ޑཀѦǴ᠋༫ࢂӧ ໒ჿԄਔаܶསޑከՅࣁ୷ۭǴᗺᐯ᠋༫ Logo ᝬ౳ღҞǴՠᐯᐨޑ኱Ңό཈௞ပǴ ۯᐨԿΠБޑ࣮ѠශηǴ೷ԋ০ශཞ྄۩ԶคΓ໾ΫǹӧШၮ໒ჿቔрޑྟОǴԖ൳ วؒԖ৔р۳ΠቜǴ೷ԋ࣮Ѡ΢ᢀ౲೏ྟОᐨ໾ଌډᙴៈઠݯᕍǴ΋Տၨᝄख़ޑ 68

ྃ஁Γᖍ೽೏Ԫᘦ؟໾Ǵଌ۳ߕ߈ޑ୯ैᙴଣ࡚௱Ƕ

ྟОӧѠ᡼ޑ࿯ቼ٬Ҕᓎ౗ཱུଯǴۯ՜ޑୢᚒόࢂࡌ೛ޑཞ྄Ǵջࢂ҇౲ڙ໾Ǵ

᠋༫ࣁ໺р҇౲ڙ໾ࡺ᝼ᚒ໾্फ़ե҂ӧ III ຝज़р౜ǹԶШၮޑྟОཀѦ཮࡭ុڙ ᜢݙǴࢂӢࣁᓪប൑ᓔаӃ຾ޑࣽמࣁ໹Ǵ௦Ҕ࣒ዟᓸᕭޑϼ໚ૈӀႝ݈բࣁ൑ᓔޑ

ැࢎǴό໻፿ӀᗋёวႝǴฅԶྟОᎩᘦЇᐯྟОఏǴݢϷࡂഗϼ໚ૈӀႝ݈ǴᏤठ ΜӭТڰۓӀႝ݈ޑጤచᎁ྄ཞǵ᎑ᇙਣࢎᡂ׎ǴᗨόቹៜวႝфૈǴՠӢ׳ඤጤచ բ཰Ǵۯࡕѱ۬ஒЬ൑ᓔ౽Ҭ๏Չࡹଣᡏہ཮ǶёޕྟОཀѦޑ᝼ᚒᒿ๱౽Ҭޑբ཰

ۯ՜Ǵѱ۬ᜤаזೲ௓ڋǴࡺӵՖঋڀӼӄϷᕉߥǴΞૈၲډӄ൑៿୏ޑਏ݀Ǵ߾ࢂ

ЬᒤൂՏ໪଺ޑڗ௭ǶѤǵӧ IV ຝज़ࢂஏࡋեۘόԋዕ᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋଯᡉҢځਡЈ

᝼ᚒҁ፦ૈ୼֎Ї൞ᡏ௦ೖǴջԖ໣ύޑ૸ፕǴՠࢂ᝼ᚒࢎᄬόᆙஏǴ᠋༫ԖၨϿပ ܭޑ IV ຝज़ޑ٣ҹ࿯ᗺǴёа௢ෳჹܭ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़Ǵч೽ 2009 ԃεࠠࢲ୏่״ࡕǴ

ԖၨϿወӧޑ᝼ᚒૈ୼࡭ុวሇаჹч೽ࠤѱౢғࡕុਏᔈǶ࿶җ߄ΜΖёޕǴᐒ൑

࣬ᜢ٣ҹӧࠄчޑεࠠࢲ୏೿ឦܭԜຝज़Ǵଯ໢λෝᐒ൑ाનӧεࠠࢲ୏ύޑஏࡋ եǴᡉҢдόࢂനख़ा೏ᑈཱུ٬ҔޑπڀǴЬाӢࣁଯ៓ޑ೯ՉǴਓ࠼઱઱ᙯ۳ҭז ೲЪၨե༹ޑଯ៓Ǵλෝᐒ൑ޑਓ࠼Γԛவ 96 ԃ 3 Дଯ៓೯ًଆჺബཥեǴ୯ϣૐ ጕӵԜǴ୯ሞૐጕҭฅǴᗨฅӧШၮᖐᒤය໔ਓ࠼ΓԛၨӕԃځдДҽᑫ౰Ǵࠅคݤ סᙯ೏ڗжޑ٣ჴǴӢԜӧࣴزύᡉҢલЮՉᎍቹៜΚޑόԋዕ᝼ᚒࠅԖख़ाޑਡЈ ҁ፦ǹќѦǴჹܭч೽ޑਲ༜ᐒ൑҂р౜ਓ࠼ΓԛΠफ़ޑᡂϯǴЬा߾ࢂ҇౲ჹܭૐ ޜઠޑ໯१Ϸ೛ഢ߄ၲόᅈǴᐒ൑ࣁࠤѱ๏ϒѦ୯ਓ࠼ޑಃ΋ӑຝǴԶၸϣ߾ӢԃΦ ѨঅЪ୍ܺᆶᓓ໯೿҂ၲ҇౲යࡑǴ׳ᜤаᆶ٥ࢪޑεࠤѱǴ३ෝǵཥуڵǵВҁ࣬

ග٠ፕǴࡺा؃ׯ๓ᖂੁѤଆǴᡉҢᐒ൑҂ٰԖ຾΋؁ׯᡂޑޜ໔ǴڀԖወӧޑว৖

ᖿ༈Ƕ

ख़ा܄

໘ቫ K=4 K=3 K=2 K=1 K=0

კ ΒΜΎ! Шၮ—୷ᘵࡌ೛Չᎍाન K-cores ቫભ่ᄬკ

ճҔ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬ(K-cores)ޑٿεࠠࢲ୏Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩηᆛ๎

Ȑӵკ ΒΜΎǵკ ΒΜΖȑǴШၮౢғӅ 5 ቫޑਡЈηᆛ๎ȐK=0~4ȑǴ࿶җ K-cores ၮᆉ܌ள่݀ǴԜཀښ๱ӧᆛ๎ύӅԖ 5 ঁ໘ቫᜢ߯ǴځύΞа K=4 Ԝ໘ቫࣁԜη ᆛ๎ύޑЬाਡЈǴӧԜ໘ቫΠ܌֖ޑ٣ҹ࿯ᗺߡёຎࣁ 2009 ԃШၮȨ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬ य़ȩޑਡЈ᝼ᚒǴࣴزᡉҢ K=4 आՅ࿯ᗺηᆛ๎๱ख़ܭε౲ၮᒡπڀӧКᖻය໔ޑ

٬ҔǴаϦًǵ௘ၮس಍Ϸଯೲ៓ၡࣁЬǶ

ଯ໢ѱଭၡ฽ޔǴᐒًࣁ҇໔දၹ٬ҔޑᙁܰၮᒡπڀǴ᚛ᐒًޑ޸຤ၨߡەǵ ଶًБߡᐒ୏Ǵᆶε౲ၮᒡس಍ԖඹжբҔǴ೷ԋଯ໢ε౲ၮᒡ٬Ҕ౗ᜤаගϲǴϦ

ًޑ٬Ҕ౗೴ԃΠफ़ߏයᖝཞǶࣁԜǴଯ໢ѱ৖໒΋ԃޑ࠹ᏤයǴаޜԦ୷ߎࣁံշǴ ႴᓰᎦԋ҇౲མ४ϦًಞᄍǴ௢୏ȨϦً௘ၮ໔ᙯ४խ຤ᓬࡑȩǵȨᆘՅࢃයѤǴଯ໢

Ϧًխ຤མȩՠԋਏό٫ǴӢԜኩଶǶᙯԶаޜԦ୷ߎံշШၮය໔ 86 ጕխ຤མ४ ᐒڋǴႴᓰ҇౲ୖᆶШၮࢲ୏ǴϦً࣬ჹځѬၮᒡԶقឦܭԋҁၨե༹ޑπڀǴࡺӧ Шၮࢲ୏ය໔ǴϦًΎДҽၮᒡໆၨӕԃ΋ДҽԋߏΑ 13.45%Ǵቚуऊ 24 ࿤ၩ࠼Γ ԛǴՠҗܭխ຤܄፦Ǵჹܭߏයᖝཞޑ௃ݩǴ٠ؒԖׯ๓ǶԜѦǴଯ໢௘ၮس಍ҭӕ ኬय़ᖏ٬Ҕ౗եပޑୢᚒǴӧШၮᖐᒤය໔Ǵа 98 Ϸ 97 ԃ 7 Дҽ࣬ၨǴ໻ቚу 0.32%

ޑ٬Ҕ౗΢ϲǶӢԜǴӧ҂ٰନΑ௢ቶε౲ၮᒡޑե༹ᓬඁБਢѦǴሡाуம҇౲෧ ᅹཀ᛽ǴՔᒿ୯ሞݨሽݢ୏ǴёૈᎦԋӅ४ޑಞᄍǴ٠࠹Ꮴଶً਱ԏ຤ޑᢀۺǴӧ੟

ઞࡅ׋୷ܭ੃ٛӼӄೕჄआጕǴߦԋ҇౲ܫకѦрջаᐒًж؁ޑಞᄍǶ

ख़ा܄

໘ቫ K=4 K=3 K=2 K=1 K=0

კ ΒΜΖ! ᠋༫—୷ᘵࡌ೛Չᎍाન K-cores ቫભ่ᄬკ

ӧ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬ(K-cores)ޑٿεࠠࢲ୏Ȩ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ȩηᆛ๎Ȑӵ კ ΒΜΎǵკ ΒΜΖȑǴ᠋༫ౢғӅ 5 ቫޑਡЈηᆛ๎ȐK=0~4ȑǴ࿶җ K-cores ၮ ᆉ܌ள่݀ǴԜཀښ๱ӧᆛ๎ύӅԖ 5 ঁ໘ቫᜢ߯ǴځύΞа K=4 ໘ቫࣁԜηᆛ๎

ύޑЬाਡЈǴаआՅ࿯ᗺж߄Ƕӧଯ໢ѱǴआՅ࿯ᗺ२ाࣁගϲၮᒡس಍٬Ҕ౗ޑ

ୢᚒǹԶѠч߾ࢂᓎᓎрхޑ௘ၮЎ෫ጕǴӧ᠋༫ᖐᒤ߻ǴЎ෫௘ၮ྽ᐒ 50 ӭԛǴ

೷ԋ҇౲഼ѨߞЈǴᏼЈ᠋༫ᒧЋམ΢ଶᎭӈًǴ᠋όـᆙ࡚ቶኞᖂॣǴคݤזೲ཮

ᔈǶԜѦǴӢ୯ሞ൞ᡏ౲ӭ཮ຢઢ୯ሞǶӢԶ໺р፦ᅪӼӄԵໆǴЬ஭ߏයଶᎭޑᖂ

ੁǶനࡕǴӧѱ۬ࣴᔕΠǴѱߏ࠹Ѳ:Ȩόଶ٬Ǵ೭ࢂภधޑ،ۓǴჹ҇౲೷ԋόߡǴ ѱ۬གډܤᄹǴ೭ࢂόֹऍރݩΠനӳޑᒧ᏷ǶȩчѱҬ೯ֽߏΨࡰрǴჹᖻ٣ଶᎭ ޑҬ೯౧ᏤೕჄᔕрӢᔈഢਢǶԜѦǴჹܭ᠋༫൑ᓔୃᇻϩණǴᇻԿཥԮᑜҥෞݚԣ ޑ٬ҔзΓόှǶӧ K=3 ޑᙔՅ࿯ᗺև౜҇౲ჹ೛ࡼቫय़ޑόᅈϷჹܭ҂ٰᑫࡌ݊

ξεѮೈޑᅪቾ௖૸Ǵ҇౲߄ၲჹѱ۬ᔼၮϷᆅ౛ޑૈΚ፦ᅪǴόᜫ઻ၗѮᚐ࿶຤ࠅ ৮ీࣁ૨ηᓔǹԶКᎃѠчҖ৩൑ޑۚ҇ǴΨமਗ਼߄ၲϸჹҖ৩൑ᖐᒤᄽୠ཮Ǵ਍ፁ

൑ᓔޑၮ୏фૈǶ

ৣጄӦ౛سֆᎄख़௲௤ࡰрǴటගϲ୯ΓᡏػૈໆǴᔼ೷଼நǵז኷ޑӄ҇ၮ୏

ޗ཮Ǵᔈ೛ݤஒύǵλᏢၮ୏೛ࡼޑ࿶ᔼᆅ౛کᏢਠޑՉࡹᡏسуа୔႖Ǵගϲǵᘉ εࣁޗ୔ޑၮ୏୷ᘵ೛ࡼǹ٠کᡏہ཮ϷӚൂ໨ၮ୏ڐ཮кϩ᏾ӝǴܕ༅஑཰ޑၮ୏

૽ግک൑ᓔΓωٰ࿶ᔼکᆅ౛ǶନΑ΢ፐය໔ගٮᏢਠᡏػ௲Ꮲکၮ୏ޗი஑཰ޑ൑

ᓔ೛ࡼᆶၮ୏୍ܺϐѦǴځдਔ໔߾໒ܫޗ୔ۚ҇ե༹б຤٬Ҕǵ໒ᒤӚᅿၮ୏૽ግ ፐำǵᝢಔޗ୔ၮ୏ი໗ǵࡌҥӦ୔ၮ୏ᖄᖻڋࡋǵ୻૽ӦБၮ୏ᒧЋ฻Ǵբࣁၮ୏

Ќਥޑ೬ᡏࡌ೛Ƕύߏය߾ሡाஒᡏػ೛ࡼޑฯᡏ࿶຤ᓬӃкჴа୯҇ύǵλᏢਠࣁ ѳѠޑޗ୔ၮ୏୷ᘵ೛ࡼǴ٠Ъӧޜ໔೛ी΢੃ନ໺಍࠾ഈਠ༜Ȩᜐࣚ੿ޜȩޑޜ໔ ԝفǴᡣ଼நǵז኷ޑӄ҇ၮ୏ૈ୼ပჴӧаᏢਠࣁѳѠޑޗ୔ғࢲ྽ύǴԶόӆࢂ

ᔼ೷Ѯࠠၮ୏೛ࡼǶ

ҁࣴزаᜢᗖӷޑཷۺǴࡌҥຒᓎ಍ी่݀ᡉҢǴᓪប൑ᓔ࣬ᜢޑ٣ҹ܌эКٯ നख़ǴԜѦǴҬ೯୏ጕӼ௨ҭڙډख़ຎǶௗ๱Ǵϩ݋Ӛ࿯ᗺӧຝज़კ΢܌և౜ޑ੝ቻǴ ϩձीᆉрࢲ୏֖٣ҹ࿯ᗺஏࡋᆶӛЈࡋࡰ኱ኧᏵǴ຾ՉȨ٣ҹ੝ቻȩޑှ᠐ǴI ຝ ज़аҬ೯ምᛖǵᆢӼ᝼ᚒǴᡉҢԜ᝼ᚒӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿ςၲډԋዕᆙஏޑำࡋǶII ຝज़᝼ᚒၲ΋ۓೕኳǴаᓪប൑ᓔޑ౽Ҭբ཰ǴࢂഢڙᢋҞޑ஑ߐᐱҥ٣ҹǴಃ III ຝज़ࢂӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եޑຼᜐ᝼ᚒǴIV ຝज़ࢂஏࡋեۘόԋዕ᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋଯᡉ ҢځਡЈ᝼ᚒҁ፦ૈ୼֎Ї൞ᡏ௦ೖǴШၮр౜ε౲ၮᒡ٬Ҕ౗ୃեޑ࿶ᔼӒᐒǶ᠋

༫ԖၨϿပܭޑ IV ຝज़ޑ٣ҹ࿯ᗺǴёа௢ෳჹܭ୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़Ǵ᠋༫ࢲ୏่״ࡕǴ ԖၨϿወӧޑ᝼ᚒૈ୼࡭ុวሇаჹч೽ࠤѱౢғࡕុਏᔈǶࡺҁࣴزᙖҗຝज़ޑϩ

݋БݤǴаᕕှ᝼ᚒ੝፦ӆᏤΕ K ਡЈ่ᄬǴᢀჸ᝼ᚒᝡݾᕉნύቫԛޑৡ౦Ǵ௢

ፕᏤठৡ౦ޑচӢϷёૈ܄ǴӢԜ᝼ᚒ฼୏ޣନΑඓඝ൞ᡏୃӳޑཥᆪᚒ׷ѦǴऩૈ

Αှ᝼ᚒޑ੝܄Ǵࣴᔕόӕ܄፦᝼ᚒޑ໺ၲ฼ౣǴωૈ٬௢ቶޑҞޑǴҗαဦϣϯࣁ ჴሞՉ୏ޑਔำᕭอǶ

ಃѤ࿯! ׎ຝᄬय़௖૸

٩Ᏽ߻΋ക࿯ၗ਑᏾౛ೕ߾຾Չ٣ҹ࿯ᗺޑፓ᏾ǵӝٳǴவচۈᜢᗖຒ࿯ᗺঅ᏾

ࡕ܌ள٣ҹ࿯ᗺኧໆӅी 60 ฽Ǵࠞܭጇ൯໻ӈᖐрᓎ౗ࣁ߻ 20 Ӝϐ٣ҹ࿯ᗺǴ಍ी

߄ӵ߄ ΜΐǶ

߄ Μΐ! Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩ٣ҹ࿯ᗺᓎ౗಍ी

٣ ٣ҹ࿯ᗺ ጇኧ ٣ҹ࿯ᗺ ጇኧ

୯ᄡតඦ 149 מೌ܄લৢ 44

୺Չߏ 104 ᆘࡌᑐ 38

࿶຤ 71 ၲᒘാ჊ 36

১༈ᜢᚶ 71 ਈී 30

ගϲૈـࡋ 69 ᇰؠက፤ 29

ѱߏॅഌ࠹໺ၮ୏ 66 ᄆᡉЬ៾ǵ୯ሞௗॉ 29

ΖΖࣹᅽ 66 ࿯ૈ෧ᅹ 27

ϼ໚ૈ 63 ࿶ᔮ᎜ᕏ 25

ᕴ಍يϩڬ௽ 56 ቶ֋ǵอТ 23

Ҿ཰ୖᆶ 53 ༫཮ኳԄ 22

ᖐᒤεࠠޑၮ୏ᖻ٣ǴԖ٤Γᇡࣁᔈ၀аᝡᖻҁيࣁЬືǴޚ࡭ၮ୏ৎᆒઓǴϦ ѳ҅ޔǵకԶό௭ޑኾΚޑ߄౜όૈ೏௝ᇂǴԜᅿ॥਻ஒ཮ቹៜԿࠤѱޑ׎ຝǴࣗԿ

҇౲аԜࣁᄪǴ࿶தம଼ᡏᎷǴՉࣁᆄ҅ǹฅԶ୯ϣᐕ࿶ཱུΚޑݾڗǴᒨԿ 2009 ԃ ω२ԛᖐՉ୯ሞ܄ޑᆕӝၮ୏ᖻ٣ǴନΑѱ۬࠹ඦၮ୏ৎᆒઓࡌҥ଼நᒃϪޑࠤѱ׎

ຝѦǴ҇౲ҭයࡑᙖҗࢲ୏ޑᖐՉǴёаӧ୯ሞ໔ቚуࠤѱޕӜࡋǴᄆᡉЬ៾Ǵ෧Ͽ ჹҥᏉᆫ୯ΓӛЈΚϷ҇௼ᇡӕགǶӢԜҗ߄ ΜΐǴёа࣮р 2009 ԃޑεࠠࢲ୏ӧ Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩाનᆫขܭගϲૈـࡋǵ୯ᄡޑ٬Ҕǵᕴ಍ޑрৢيϩ฻Ǵᜢܭᄆᡉ୯ ৎЬ៾ޑ᝼ᚒǶӧࠄчࠤѱύ᝼ᚒޑ่ᄬόᅰ࣬ӕǴӢԜᙖҗࡕុޑϩ݋଺຾΋؁К

ၨᕕှǶ

ௗុǴԖ᠘ܭȨ׎ຝᄬय़ȩ٣ҹ࿯ᗺኧໆᚳεǴ٠Եໆϩ݋่݀ޑж߄܄ǴԜϩ

݋໘ࢤஒճҔ٣ҹ࿯ᗺᓎԛޑӭჲٰ଺ाનӅ౜ંତǵဂ໣ϩ݋ᆶཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋฻კ ߄ᛤᇙޑᑔᒧ٩ᏵǴҁ໘ࢤӃճҔȨ׎ຝᄬय़ȩ٣ҹ࿯ᗺӧ Nvivo8.0 ύ଺ંତጓዸ (Matrix Coding)ǴࡌҥाનӅ౜ંତǶ٩Ᏽ΢ॊ٣ҹ࿯ᗺ܌଺ޑંତጓዸ่݀಍ीǴ ёౢғ 60×60 ޑाનӅ౜ંତǴҗܭጇ൯Ԗज़Ǵ໻ᒿᐒӈᖐр 10×10 ંତȐӵ߄ Β

߄ ΒΜ΋! ШၮϷ᠋༫Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩஏࡋǵӛЈࡋኧॶ߄

Шၮ ӛЈࡋ ஏࡋ ᠋༫ ӛЈࡋ ஏࡋ

࿶຤ 116 0.18 ୺Չߏ 84 0.08 ୯ᄡតඦ 113 0.11 ΖΖࣹᅽ 83 0.20 ѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ 96 0.13 ১༈ᜢᚶ 73 0.33 ѱߏॅഌ࠹໺ၮ୏ 70 0.20 ၲᒘാ჊ 72 0.30 ᕴ಍يҽޑڬ⪭ 69 0.24 ୯ᄡតඦ 67 0.13 ϼ໚ૈ 62 0.02 ࿶຤ 58 0.08 ගϲૈـࡋ 53 0.07 ύ୯໗рৢᙯᡂ 47 0.15 Ҿ཰ୖᆶ 41 0.04 ѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ 41 0.03 ᄆᡉЬ៾ǵ୯ሞௗॉ 36 0.17 מೌ܄લৢ 39 0.3

಍ᐱݾ᝼ 34 0.18 ᇰؠက፤ 36 0.13 ѳ֡ 25 0.06 ѳ֡ 22 0.08 ӧҁԛ 2009 ԃчଯٿεࠠࢲ୏Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩύǴШၮӛЈࡋޑѳ֡ॶଯܭ᠋༫Ǵ ёޕШၮӧਡЈޑाનύǴ٣ҹޑൔᏤၨࣁ໣ύँᡉрख़ाӦՏǴځύаݾڗ࿶຤᝼

ᚒനڙᜢݙǴᡉҢӧഁលӧ୺Չεࠠࢲ୏ਔёૈय़ᖏޑ֚ნǴч೽᠋༫߾ࢂ୺Չߏӧ

׎ຝՉᎍύޑفՅڙډख़ຎǴаϷΖΖНؠᆶ᠋༫௼ဂᜢᚶޑҁ፦่࣬ӝǴӧӛЈࡋ ύۚ᝼ᚒਡЈǶ᠋༫ޑஏࡋѳ֡ౣଯܭШၮǴᡉҢाન໔ᖄᛠޑѳ֡மࡋǴӢԜёޕ

᠋༫ӧȨ׎ຝᄬय़ȩޑ೽ϩǴाન໔࣬ϕၮҔޑำࡋၨଯǴԶШၮ߾ឦܭൂᐱाનᐱ ԾӧᆛၡύวචਏҔǴӚэख़ाՏ࿼Ǵՠ۶Ԝ໔คᖄᛠǶ

ௗ๱Ǵаኧॶ߄ύஏࡋᆶӛЈࡋѳ֡ॶࣁ০኱চᗺǴஒ٣ҹ࿯ᗺᙯඤࣁȐxɨӛ ЈࡋǴyɨஏࡋȑ০኱ॶǴᛤᇙрཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კȐӵკ ΒΜΐǴკ ΟΜȑǴᙖҗཥ ᆪຝज़ϩ݋კޑև౜Ǵஒ຾΋؁ᢀჸ٣ҹ࿯ᗺӧ০኱კ΢ޑϩթ௃׎Ǵ٠٩ᏵѤε୔

ୱޑϣ఼ǵۓကǴٰϩ݋Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩ࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒޑ዗ߐำࡋǴаϷၨڀᜢᗖޑ࿯ᗺा

નǶ

კ ΒΜΐ! ȨШၮ—׎ຝᄬय़ȩཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კ

კ ΟΜ! Ȩ᠋༫—׎ຝᄬय़ȩཥᆪຝज़ϩ݋კ ߄ ΒΜΒ! Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩѤຝज़Кၨ߄

ШၮȨ׎ຝᄬय़ȩѤຝज़

I II III IV

ᕴ಍يϩޑڬ⪭ ٰԾჹ۞ޑ๓ཀ қԴ߁୯ჹ୯ Ҿ཰ୖᆶ ѱߏॅഌ࠹໺ ̓̄˽ǵЬᡏኳጋ ႝຎᙯኞό٫ ϼ໚ૈ

࿶຤ ޜ਻ࠔ፦ୢᚒ ഌ࠼ԾҗՉ ୺Չߏ ᄆᡉЬ៾୯ሞௗॉ ೚బ଄߆ഌ࠼ ᝾঩Ӟਢ *

ٿ۞಍ᐱݾ᝼ ჹ฻ޑᆀՏ ࿯ૈ෧ᅹ *

᠋༫Ȩ׎ຝᄬय़ȩѤຝज़

I II III IV

ѱ۬ᗎፎၲᒘ ᕴ಍يϩޑڬ⪭ ᆢրᅟж߄ ୺Չߏ

੃ཱུܢڋՉ୏ Չ୏ڙቹៜ ٿ۞ЎϯҬࢬ ࿶຤

ΖΖࣹᅽ ୯ӅѳѠᐒڋ يም຾Ҕόى ਈී

ಔӝࡂ ٿ۞಍ᐱݾ᝼ ᒱѨ҅ᡏύЎ຾൑ ගϲૈـࡋ ύ୯໗рৢᙯᡂ * Ҿ཰ୖᆶ ѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮

чଯٿεࠤѱӧ 2009 ԃεࠠࢲ୏ޑᖐᒤύǴ࿶җѤຝज़ޑϩթղᘐჹ׎ຝቹៜ

ࣗѮޑ٣ҹࣁ I ຝज़Ǵᕴ่рΠӈፕॊǺ΋ǵଯ໢ѱӧШၮޑၸำύǴჹܭ׎ຝޑນ

؃ЬाԖǺଭᕴ಍а୯ৎϡ२ޑيϩрৢ໒ჿሺԄǵѱߏаόሦѠझ᛾ޑ߻ගΠॅഌ

࠹໺Шၮࢲ୏ǵԜᖐЇวཥᆪ᝼ᚒύǴ಍ᐱݾ᝼εစ૸ፕǴฅԶҭ҅ӛޑߦ຾ٿ۞ჹ ၉ڐ୘ǵයࡑૈᙖҗШၮ཮ޑᖐՉᄆᡉ୯ৎЬ៾٬ଯ໢׳у୯ሞϯǶԶ᠋༫ჹܭ׎ຝ

ၨڀቹៜޑ٣ҹԖǺΖΖНؠޑݗൎჹܭ᠋༫ՉᎍޑݢϷǴεഌੇڐ཮߄ၲᜫཀගٮ ᔈ࡚ނၗϷᆙ࡚ӼيಔӝࡂǴࠅӢᏵ໺֖Ҙᎇठᕎނ፦Ǵᎁࡀܿᑜߏܔ๊Ǵനࡕӧ୯ Ѡᒤ߄ҢٰѠಔӝࡂ࿶ᔠᡍӝ਱Ъӆҗϣࡹ೽ᔼࡌ࿿ࢴ঩ᡍࡂǴ൳࿶ݢשಔӝࡂωᙯ ၮԿሡाޑؠ҇ǴӢԜёа࣮рٿ۞ޑҬࢬǴϕշޑՉࣁഖࢂεࠠࢲ୏ύനڙᢋҞޑ ขᗺǶќѦǴࠄ೽Ύᑜѱ२ߏᗎፎၲᒘാ჊ࣁؠࣹ҇ᅽࢲ୏Ꮴठύ୯໗рৢ᠋༫ᄊࡋ

΢ޑᡂϯǶԜ೽ϩ᝼ᚒӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿ςၲډԋዕᆙஏޑำࡋǶ

ΒǵჹܭᖿӛԋዕǴՠឦܭᜐጔߚਡЈ᝼ᚒပܭ II ຝज़ǴШၮᗋࢂ୷ܭٿ۞ࡹ

ݯЇଆޑ᝼ᚒǺӧࢲ୏ԋфᖐՉޑӕਔǴύ୯໗рৢᆶցǴ࿶ၸٿ۞ߏයޑዲ୘Ǵύ ୯໗ᗨ҂рৢ໒ഈჿሺԄՠࢴж߄ٰୖуၮ୏ᖻ٣Ƕך୯ύѧࡹ۬ᇡࣁ೭ࢂჹ۞๓ཀ ޑ৖౜Ǵӧᖻࡕᕴ಍Ϧ໒ว߄གᖴǶԜᖐЇวӚБόӕޑᖂੁǴҗܭ٠ߚࢂᖻำύᕉ ᕉ࣬Ԍޑᕉ࿯Ǵࡺ᝼ᚒคݤ຾ΕԿਡЈՏ࿼ǴՠԜᖐࠅЇว҇౲ᇡࣁᕴ಍ό៝҇౲ޑ གڙǴӧШၮޑᖐՉၸำǴ҇౲௃ᆣ׫ΕǴᒿ๱ύ๮໗ᏟᏯღจǴᢀ౲ᒿϐݦបǴᖻ ࡕ٩ฅ៿഻Ъᠠ໹Ǵ൩ႽפӣѠ᡼ޑӛЈΚख़ࡵ൧ᝄǶᗨฅӧᏢࣚදၹᇡࣁǴӧѠ᡼

εࠠࢲ୏ૈ୼໩ճᖐՉǴޑዴሡाύ୯ޑ๓ཀǴόฅٿ۞ޑࡹ฼ϷҬࢬᜤаԖԋਏǶ ฅԶӧᕴ಍ӛჹ۞ၰᖴӕਔǴ׏۵๏҇౲ዃΑհНǴ҇౲ᇡࣁаᕴ಍ޑଯࡋჹύ୯ว ߄གᖴǴ࠹ᆀȨٿ۞ϕόցᇡǵΞ຾΋؁ȩ՟Яཀښ๱ளډύ୯ޑ२ޭǴᕴ಍ωૈа ϡ२يϩୖᆶࢲ୏ǴӢԜ୯ΓޑԾ൧ΞڙΑ໾Ƕӧ᠋༫ύ֤ပܭ II ຝज़ޑाનၨШ

ၮϿǴځύଭᕴ಍аϡ२يϩୖᆶ໒ഈჿሺԄ߾ပܭ II ຝज़ǴόӕܭШၮပӧനख़

ाޑ I ຝज़୔ǴԖΓᇡࣁ᠋༫൩ࢂᑵೕఆᒿКྣᒤ౛Ǵၟ๱ШၮኳԄو൩ჹΑǹԶന ЬाޑӢનᗋࢂӢࣁШၮӃՉᖐᒤǴӢԜ҇౲ЈύεठԖΑۭǴႣයᆶШၮ࣬ৡό ᇻǴӢԜឦܭ II ຝज़ǴԋዕߚਡЈޑ᝼ᚒΨ൩ၨϿǶ

Οǵಃ III ຝज़ࢂၨόख़ा܈೏ᓸ׭ޑ᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եǴШၮ߾р౜ჹ ܭϦຎޑЬᙯኞ०ՉಭឪቹמೌޑόᅈǴаϷЇ຾қԴ߁ӧғᄊ΢ᆶࡹݯ΢ࢂց࡞྽

ޑݾ᝼ǴќѦǴΨԖ᝾঩аᖐᒤШၮԆ࿛ࣁҗǴ࡙ܭڙ౛҇౲ൔਢǴЇว҇౲όᅈນ ፏ൞ᡏǴԶѱ۬߾זೲ௓ڋ᝼ᚒᘉ஭෡ࢉǴҗܭ᝼ᚒጭۯڙډ௓ڋࡺ֤ပܭಃ III ຝ ज़Ƕ᠋༫ޑ III ຝज़߾р౜ཥᛒᆢրᅟж߄዗КῖٰѠᎁܔϷҾ཰ჹܭيም຾Ҕόى ޑୢᚒǶӢԜёޕǴᗨฅ᠋༫ޑύЈ౛ۺࣁ௢ቶ১༈ᜢᚶǴයࡑပჴޗ཮҅ကޑᅿη

ૈ୼ుહǴฅԶӧ׎ຝᄬय़ޑࣴز่݀߾ᡉҢǴ᠋༫ޑਡЈҞ኱ӧҁԛࢲ୏௢ቶό ΚǴӧཥᆪޑᝡݾύόڀൔᏤሽॶǴပܭ III ຝज़ǶѤǵӧ IV ຝज़ࢂஏࡋեۘόԋዕ

᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋଯᡉҢځਡЈ᝼ᚒҁ፦ૈ୼֎Ї൞ᡏ௦ೖǴջԖ໣ύޑ૸ፕǴՠࢂ᝼ᚒ

ࢎᄬόᆙஏǶШၮԖၨϿပܭޑ IV ຝज़ޑ٣ҹ࿯ᗺǴаҾ཰ჹШၮ཮ޑୖᆶϷϼ໚

ૈޑၮҔࣁॿഢወΚޑ᝼ᚒǴӧШၮ཮่״ࡕǴ٩ฅૈ୼ჹࠤѱౢғቹៜǶ᠋༫ಃ IV ຝज़Ԗѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ޑϕ୏аϷ࿶຤ҙፎޑ᝼ᚒǴόӕܭШၮ࿶຤ୢᚒࣁ࡭ុр౜Ǵ

ࢎᄬᆙஏЪаၲԋዕ I ຝज़Ǵ᠋༫Ԝᜪ᝼ᚒပܭಃ IV ຝज़ǴஏࡋեۘόԋዕǴӢԜ

౒ෳӧ᠋༫ޑၸำύǴ࿶຤ޑҙፎϷѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ϐᜢ߯ၨࣁک጗όڙᜢݙǴό՟Ш ၮᆙᕲǶ

ख़ा܄

໘ቫ K=4 K=3 K=2 K=1 K=0

კ ΟΜ΋! Шၮ—׎ຝՉᎍाન K-cores ቫભ่ᄬკ

җӃ߻ޑ X ືϷ Y ືϩ݋Ǵךॺёεౣޕၰ᝼ᚒӧ᏾ᡏືጕޑ࣬ჹՏ࿼ǴϷϩ թж߄ޑཀ఼Ǵௗ๱ǴճҔ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬ(K-cores)ޑШၮ׎ຝ׎ᎍࣴز ηᆛ๎Ǵаܴዴޑղᘐ࿯ᗺ᝼ᚒޑख़ा܄ቫԛǴ่݀ౢғӅ 5 ቫޑਡЈηᆛ๎

ȐK=1~5ȑǴӚਡЈηᆛ๎܌֖ϐ࿯ᗺаआՅᗺԿԪՅᗺ୔ϩǶ࿶җ K-cores ၮᆉ܌

ள่݀ǴԜཀښ๱ӧᆛ๎ύёϩࣁ 5 ঁ໘ቫᜢ߯ǴځύΞа K=4 Ԝ໘ቫࣁԜηᆛ๎

ύޑЬाਡЈǴ٩ԛሀ෧ځख़ा܄ǹӕ౛ԶقǴӧԜ໘ቫΠ܌֖࿯ᗺຎࣁШၮޑ׎ຝ

׎ᎍਡЈ᝼ᚒǴҗआՅޑ࿯ᗺ೽ϩ࣮рǴШၮЬा᝼ᚒᕉᙅӧٿ۞ᜢ߯ว৖ࣁЬືǴ ځύаଯ໢ѱߏഋ๸ࣁ҇຾លϣቫભനଯϐϦᙍΓ঩ॅഌ࠹໺ၮ୏Ǵ܌Їวٿ۞಍ӝ ݾ᝼ᆶ࿶ຩӝբ᝼ᚒǴϣ೽૸ፕനࣁ໣ύǶҗܭഋ๸ѱߏрೖч٧߻δǴࢂଯ໢ϖ΋

ΎၯՉޑᕴሦ໗Ǵນ؃ࢂȨϸ໼ύǵߥѠ᡼ȩǴ҇຾លࣁΑ࠹Ңϸύ،ЈǴᗋ੝ձӧ ύத཮،᝼࿣ЗលϦᙍрৢᅽࡌੇ৙ፕᏝǶฅԶѤϺࡕǴഋѱߏᒧ᏷Ȩѐύ୯ǵߥШ ၮȩǴ౛җࢂШၮЬᒤ୯Ѹ໪рೖ߄ၲ๓ཀǶԶ߻ࡕޑᙯᡂсᡉр҇຾លٿ۞ၡጕᙯ

ࠠޑึნȐ೾҅ߝǴ2009ȑǶԶ೭྽ύޑᗈፕᓸΚϷ҇໔ဿ౦ǴҗआՅ࿯ᗺ K=4 ਡЈ ηᆛ๎ύ࣮рǶ

ௗ๱ಃΒቫ᝼ᚒ߾ࢂᙔՅޑ K=3 ࿯ᗺǴځύЬाϩࣁٿขᗺǴ΋ࢂШၮ཮ޑ࿶

຤᝼ᚒǴځύ౐ੋଯ໢ѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ᜢ߯ᆙᕲǴѱ۬࠹ᆀᡏہ཮Ιᜤ࿶຤٠ࡼа҇ཀ ᖂ૸ǴಃΒঁ೽ϩࢂǴӧ໒ഈჿύᕴ಍а୯ৎϡ२ޑيϩрৢࢲ୏ޑຼ௽ǴவᙔՅޑ

࿯ᗺёа࣮р᝼ᚒ׎ԋ೭ٿঁਡЈǶҗܭШၮڐ཮ᕴ཮මܔ๊җଭᕴ಍Ь࡭໒ჿǴ໺

рҗύӅᡏػᕴֽୋֽߏΪӆమа༫཮ୋЬৢيϩᏼҺǴЇว୯ΓόᅈǴӢԜѸ໪៝

Ϸ୯Γޑ൧ᝄЪ୷ܭ༫཮ኳԄޑБԄ஭ᡉЬ៾Ǵӣ៝ӧ 2001 ԃ٥ࢪࣨζηىౚᖻӧ ѠчѱᖐՉǴᖻ٣ය໔วғ᝾ჸӧύ๮҇୯βӦ΢Ǵڗጌύ๮҇୯୯ᄡޑ٣ҹǶ٣ࡕǴ

྽ਔޑଭѱߏӣᔈǺȨڗጌ୯ᄡࢂ٩Ᏽ༫཮ኳԄǶȩၸѐεࠠ୯ሞᆕӝၮ୏ᖻ཮ǴЬ ᒤ୯Եໆ୯ሞࡹݯፄᚇ௃༈Ǵ۳۳ӧӧߐ౻ङय़೿Ԗ࿣Зᢀ౲ឫ஥ୖᖻ୯୯ᄡаѦᄡ ተΕ൑ޑೕۓǴ1996 ԃ٥੝ើε༫ၮǵ2000 ԃഓఛ༫ၮ֡ӵԜǶԶҁԛШၮ߾ࢂᆶ IWGA ଺Αӭԛྎ೯ڐ୘Ǵ२ԛр౜Шၮ཮൑ӝҗᕴ಍໒ഈჿǴЪӚᅿᄡተࣣёΕ൑

ޑᄡੇតඦ൑ඳǶӧ࿶җ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬ(K-cores)ޑቫԛख़ा܄ϩ݋ࡕǴ ёޕך୯ჹܭεࠠၮ୏ᖐᒤޑයఈǴନΑ୻Ꭶ୯଼҇நமيޑᢀۺѦǴᕵฅ IWGA

΋ӆமፓόाᡣٿ۞ࡹݯషౄၮ୏ৎޑᆒઓǴฅԶ୯Γ୏঩ޑΚໆόѦЯటᙖҗεࠠ

ၮ୏ޑᖐᒤǴගϲ୯ሞ໔ޕӜࡋǴаᄆᡉך୯੿ჴӸӧǶ

ख़ा܄

໘ቫ K=5 K=4 K=3 K=2 K=1 K=0 კ ΟΜΒ! ᠋༫—׎ຝՉᎍाન K-cores ቫભ่ᄬკ

ճҔ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬ(K-cores)ޑ᠋༫׎ຝ׎ᎍࣴزηᆛ๎Ǵаܴዴޑ ղᘐ࿯ᗺ᝼ᚒޑख़ा܄ቫԛǴ่݀ౢғӅ 6 ቫޑਡЈηᆛ๎ȐK=1~6ȑǴӚਡЈηᆛ

๎܌֖ϐ࿯ᗺаआՅᗺԿԪՅᗺ୔ϩǶ࿶җ K-cores ၮᆉ܌ள่݀ᆛ๎ύёϩࣁ 6 ঁ ໘ቫᜢ߯ǴځύΞа K=5 Ԝ໘ቫࣁԜηᆛ๎ύޑЬाਡЈǴҔआՅ࿯ᗺ߄ၲǴK=4 ࣁᙔՅ࿯ᗺǵK=3 ࣁਲआՅ࿯ᗺǵK=2 ࣁభᆘՅ࿯ᗺǵK=1 ࣁుᆘՅ࿯ᗺǵK=0 ࣁ ېҥᗺаԪՅ߄ၲǴ٩ԛሀ෧ځख़ा܄Ƕ

ӧ᠋༫आՅ࿯ᗺ೽ϩǴ৖౜᠋༫ၮ୏ޑ੝ਸҁ፦Ǵջჹܭ১༈௼ဂޑᜢᚶǴെଆ

҇౲҅ຎيምӕझޑ៾੻ǹԶᒿ๱Ύᑜѱ२ߏǴᗎೖၲᒘാ჊߻ٰࣹᅽࢲ୏Ǵϸࢀӧ

᠋༫߾р౜ٿ۞ᜢ߯ޑᡂϯǴவࣴز΢ᡉ౜Ȩύ୯໗рৢᙯᡂȩޑआՅ࿯ᗺǴӧଭᕴ

಍ۘ҂ץ঑ၲᒘೖѠ߻Ǵ൞ᡏ౰໺ύ୯໗ஒрৢ᠋༫໒ჿࢲ୏ǴаՉ୏৖Ңٿ۞ࡹݯ ک጗Ǵ࿶ᔮЎϯҬࢬᓎᕷǴᖄӝൔΨࡰрύӅ۔БᇡࣁΖΖНؠख़ബѠ᡼Ǵ٬ࡹݯ਻

ݗԖΑ༾֮ᙯᡂǴу΢᠋ም༫ၮڙ୯ሞᓸΚനλǴჹ۞Ԝᖐញрଯࡋ๓ཀȐᖄӝൔǴ 2009ȑǴᒿ๱ၲᒘാ჊ΕნٰѠࣹᅽǴଭࡹ۬ץ঑Զ߄ၲόௗ᝻Ǵᕭज़ٿ۞ߞҺڙཞ ޑำࡋǴύ୯Бय़߾ۓፓࣁᆘᔼࡹݯᏹբǴவ໣ύ K=5 आᗺǴ࣮раȨ੃ཱུޑܢڋ Չ୏ȩ଺ࣁ፾ࡋ߄ၲǴࠖᅟᔭޔૐѠ᡼ޑ२ૐሺԄǴচۓҗੇڐ཮཮ߏഋ໦݅Ь࡭Ǵ ՠ२ૐሺԄڗ੃Ƕύ୯ᆶѠ᡼Ӛεࠤѱޔૐۓයૐ੤ޑ௴୏ሺԄज़ᕭೕኳǴхࡴࠖᅟ ᔭǵᔮࠄǵߙ৞ǵܼԀ฻ǶচۓୖуӧᒩჱϏܿѱᖐᒤޑȨᒩჱѠ᡼ຼȩ໒ჿሺԄޑ ୯ѠᒤЬҺЦኾǴڗ੃ՉำǴׯҗ୯ѠᒤୋЬҺቫભ۔঩ୖᆶǶύ୯୯୍ଣѠ᡼٣୍

ᒤϦ࠻୲،ϸჹǴᇡࣁȨၲᒘॅѠ༈Ѹჹٿ۞ᜢ߯೷ԋόճቹៜȩǶԶ᠋༫ᝢഢہ঩

཮߾җচӃ኷ᢀයࡑύ୯ж߄໗ёૈࢴр೽ϩᒧЋǴаȨ᠋ምූምᡏڐȩԋ঩Ε൑Ǵ բࣁٿ۞ᡏػҬࢬനεँઇǴᙯࣁዴۓόрৢ໒ഈჿሺԄǶӧך୯ࡹݯޑᝡמ൑ᆶ୯ ሞᆸѠǴ۳۳ӵӕᖻֽࢂளϩᆶѨϩޑفΚǴ҇౲ჹܭ୯ሞ܄εࠠၮ୏ᖻ٣ޑᇡޕǴ வᖐᒤύᡏ཮ޑ࿶ᡍᆶག᝻Ǵཱུ৒ܰၸࡋࡹݯϯѨѐขᗺǹ൞ᡏҁي൩Ԗਣࢎޑф

ૈǴ҇౲ௗ᝻ޑ᝼ᚒᆢਣࢎࡕޑౢނǴࡺӵՖᗉխၸࡋࡹݯϯᏤठޑ௃གϩ຋Ǵᎍܢ Αࢲ୏࠹໺టᐟଆୖᆶޑО޸ǴӢԜ൞ᡏޑਣࢎ၀௖૸ӵՖᏉᆫ҇౲዗௃׫Εޑф

ૈǶ

ӧ׎ຝᄬय़ޑ೽ϩǴࡌҥຒᓎ಍ी่݀ᡉҢǴཥᆪ᝼ᚒჹ୯ϣ२ԛૈ୼ӧ୯ሞ܄

ᖻ٣ύǴឫ஥୯ᄡ຾൑ǴࣗԿр౜ᄡੇតඦඳຝǴགډനڀൔᏤሽॶǴр౜ᓎ౗നଯǶ

ௗ๱Ǵϩ݋Ӛ࿯ᗺӧຝज़კ΢܌և౜ޑ੝ቻǴीᆉஏࡋᆶӛЈࡋኧᏵǴ຾ՉȨ੝ቻȩ

ှ᠐ǴI ຝज़аٿ۞ჹ၉ڐ୘ǵයࡑૈᙖҗ୯ሞᖻ཮ޑᖐՉᄆᡉ୯ৎЬ៾٬ࠤѱ׳у ୯ሞϯǶII ຝज़ࢂߏයว৖ςᖿӛԋዕǴՠឦܭᜐጔߚਡЈ᝼ᚒǴр౜ࠤѱޜ਻ࠔ፦

ୢᚒǴҁԛࢲ୏ӢҾ཰ޑଛӝᕇளׯ๓Ǵಃ III ຝज़ӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եǴёޕ௢ቶ১

༈ᜢᚶޑ౛ۺǴӧཥᆪޑᝡݾύόڀൔᏤሽॶǶIV ຝज़Ǵаϼ໚ૈޑၮҔࣁॿഢወ Κޑ᝼ᚒǴૈ୼ჹࠤѱౢғࡕុቹៜǶࡺҁࣴزᙖҗຝज़ޑϩ݋БݤǴаᕕှ᝼ᚒ੝

፦ӆᏤΕ K ਡЈ่ᄬǴᢀჸ᝼ᚒᝡݾᕉნύቫԛޑৡ౦Ǵ௢ፕᏤठৡ౦ޑচӢϷё

ૈ܄Ǵаჹᔈཥᆪਣࢎᝡݾޑཀ఼Ƕ

ಃϤക! ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼

ҁࣴز୷ܭϣ৒ϩ݋ޑҁ፦Ǵᒧڗ୯ϣϖεᆛၡཥᆪၗ਑৤ǴଞჹѠ᡼ࠄчٿε ࠤѱǴѠчϷଯ໢ϩձ२ԛЬᒤ୯ሞ܄ᆕӝၮ୏ᖻ٣຾Չཥᆪ᝼ᚒޑКၨǴ௖૸ځύ ৡ౦Ƕଞჹཥᆪ᝼ᚒว৖ѤঁᐕำǴКၨࠄчεࠠၮ୏ᖻ٣ӧཥᆪύ᝼ᚒᡂ୏ޑȨғ ڮຼයȩ(life cycle)Ǵ௖૸ШၮϷ᠋༫ӧ໺ኞᏢύ᝼ᚒว৖Ѥ໘ࢤޑόӕǴ٠аཥᆪ ਣࢎᝡݾޑفࡋǴҗӚ໘ࢤওय़კǴᡍ᛾᝼ᚒӵՖҗᜐໞᘉණǴว৖຾ΕਡЈǶ

ಃ΋࿯! ࣴزว౜

аΠࣁᕴ่Ѥ໘ࢤЬाࣴزว౜ǽ

߃ۈයǽ᠋༫ᎎഋၨߏǴൔᏤໆୃեǴόЇଆᜢݙǴှញࣁڙډᓸ׭аճځѬ εࠠࢲ୏ᛝुǹќ΋ᅿှញࣁǴ᠋༫ࣁ҇໔იᡏȨ᠋ምޣᡏػၮ୏ڐ཮ȩ Ь୏ᑈཱུݾڗҙᒤǴࣁ҇໔ЬᏤǴࡹ۬ઠӧڐշҥ൑Ǵҗܭ҇໔იᡏ܌

ᏱԖޑޗ཮ၗྍԖज़ǴЪᜢݙޣࣁ੝ۓϿኧ௼ဂǴࡺӧ᝼ᚒϐ߃܌Їଆ ޑӅሳၨλǶԶШၮӧ᝼ᚒϐ߃൩ԋфԋࣁขᗺǴѺៜޕӜࡋǹவওय़ კύ᠋༫ѦൎԖၨӭޑుᆘՅېҥᗺǴёаޕၰӭኧਔ໔ࢂؒԖཥᆪሽ ॶคΓୢࢭޑǴޔډШၮҙᒤԋфǴӢԜӧѠ᡼ࠄч೽೿ԖᗲܴޑӅ೯

᝼ᚒ଺૸ፕǴӧ߃ۈය᠋༫ۘ҂р౜Ȩ଄࿶Ҿᆅǵٿ۞୯ሞϷ௲ػ᛬Ў ᆶ዗ߐ੝тȩ࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒǴёޕӧ߃ۈਔයǴ᠋༫೏௖૸ޑЬᚒၨ੟ઞǶ Шၮ᝼ᚒᚼӀ߾ЇଆᜢݙǴ᝼ᚒ໣ύܭขᗺཥᆪǴԶ 7 Д᝼ᚒςԋࣁᙑ ᆪǴుᆘՅېҥᗺр౜ǴຼයጕޑڵࡋၱΠྖǴ࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒǴϩթܭ଄࿶ǵ ٿ۞୯ሞǵࢬՉғࢲϷ዗ߐ੝тǴёޕၰШၮ஥୏೚ӭڬᜐᚒ׷೏ᜢݙǶ ᘉεයǽӧᘉεයޑཥᆪਣࢎύว౜ࠄчШၮϷ᠋༫ޑЬԛा᝼ᚒϩթৡ౦ཱུ

εǴ᠋༫߃ۈයပܭၨᝄ๘ޑขᗺཥᆪࣁЬǴ຾Εᘉεයᙯᡂࣁቹຎᡏ ػޑᇸ᚞ހय़ᑼΕ҇౲ғࢲǹШၮ߾ࢂҗขᗺཥᆪ೴ᅌᘉ஭Ǵӧᘉεය ਔр౜ขᗺཥᆪϷቹຎᡏػٿঁЬືǶԜ໘ࢤຯᚆࢲ୏΢Ԗкျ᏾ഢਔ

໔ǴӢԜ᠋༫ϷШၮӧ᝼ᚒว৖೿҂ᘉϷȨౢ཰ၗૻȩय़ǴӢԜຓჴࠤ ѱӧᖐᒤεࠠࢲ୏ਔǴࢲ୏ჹܭӦБౢ཰ޑቹៜǴόࢂ२ा೏Եቾ௖૸

ޑǴΨόࢂҥंـቹޑਏ݀Ǵ۳۳ௗ߈ࢲ୏׀ᖂࣗԿࢲ୏่״ǴჹܭӦ Б࿶ᔮ൩཰ޑቹៜωᄌᄌـԋਏǶ

ಔᙃයǽಔᙃය຾ΕၗྍޑၮҔϷΓΚޑ୏঩ޑ໘ࢤǴჹܭШၮޑൔᏤǴԾҗ ਔൔჹܭࠄѠ᡼ᖐᒤШၮޑᜢݙૈໆۘ҂ᡉ៛Ǵѝឦܭ࡭ѳൔᏤǹ᠋༫

ࢂᖄӝൔൔᏤۚ߷ǴԛϐࣁԾҗਔൔǴёаว౜ୃᆘՅறޑԾҗਔൔӧ ಔᙃයჹܭШၮޑൔᏤό੝ձܴᡉǴՠჹч೽᠋༫߾вಒᢀჸǴวච൞ ᡏ࿎ᏤೢҺǶওय़კύ࣮р᠋༫ǴЬा᝼ᚒޑϩթவȨᘉεයȩаȨቹ ຎᡏػȩࣁЬǴᙯԶ౽ӛȨขᗺཥᆪȩЪკύёޕЬǵԛा᝼ᚒஏࡋৡ ౦ܴᡉǴቹຎᡏػޑ࣬ᜢཥᆪΞଏۚԛा᝼ᚒǴӢԜ௢ෳಔᙃයࣁ᠋༫

੿҅୏঩ޑ໘ࢤǹவШၮޑওय़კ໣ύܭȨขᗺཥᆪȩϷȨቹຎᡏػȩǴ ӢԜёᇥǴШၮޑᖐᒤǴѱ۬ۓՏࣁΜϩख़ाǴคፕࢂᝄ๘ޑขᗺཥᆪ

܈ু኷ቹຎހय़೿ӧཥᆪޑ᝼ᚒᝡݾύǴᏱԖుΕൔᏤໆǶԛा᝼ᚒ៶

ࡴቶᗡǴӧᘉεය҂೏௖૸ޑȨౢ཰ၗૻȩӧಔᙃයς຾Εཥᆪ᝼ᚒǴ ᒿ๱Ь൑ᓔޑᚉ׎೴ᅌֹπǵ௘ၮ೯ًǵࠤѱ܎Ҝǵѱ৒ᙯඤǴ೚ӭܴ

ᡉຠ߈ѱ҇ғࢲޑᡂϯǴᏤठШၮޑቹៜΚ᝻Ϸཥᆪਣࢎύޑౢ཰ၗ

ૻǶ

،ۓයǽࣴز่݀ᡉҢຫௗ߈εࠠࢲ୏ᖐᒤВයǴൔޗࡹលୃӳຫܴᡉǹ᠋༫ ѤঁਔයൔޗޑൔᏤໆԛׇᡂϯόεǴҗႣයύୃᙔࡹល໼ӛޑᖄӝൔ ࣁ२ǹШၮӧ߻Ο໘ࢤǴࣁӢᔈШၮ຾Չ೚ӭख़εࡌ೛ǴᓎᕷޑπำϷ ख़εࡌ೛ቹៜ҇౲ғࢲНྗǴ஥ٰόߡǴӢԜคݤсᡉрୃᆘࡹលൔޗ

ୃངЬᚒǴࡺຼයԔጕ΢ԾҗਔൔᆫขୃեǴԶύ୯ਔൔǵᖄӝൔ߾ॄ

ଆ൞ᡏಃѤ៾Ǵᅱ࿎ࠤѱεࠠπำޑфૈǴӢԶൔᏤໆගϲǴԶ຾Ε،

ۓය൩ࢂԋ݀ԏപޑਔংǴԜਔޑ൞ᡏࡹលՅற߾җൔᏤໆܴᡉ߄౜р

ٰǶ᠋༫Ȩ዗ߐ੝тȩ՞നεጇ൯ǴЬाൔᏤࢲ୏໒ഈჿϐ࿯Ҟਏ݀܌

ж߄ޑཀຝᆶၮ୏঩ոΚޑԋᕮ߄౜ǹШၮ߾ࢂȨขᗺཥᆪǵ዗ߐ੝тǵ ቹຎᡏػȩࣁЬǴϩթၨ֡Ǵࡺ௢ෳ൞ᡏନΑᜢݙၮ୏঩ޑԋᕮ߄౜ѦǴ Ψख़ຎШၮჹܭѠ᡼ځѬय़ӛޑቹៜǶ

ჹܭཥᆪ᝼ᚒύǴਡЈ᝼ᚒᆶᜐໞ᝼ᚒޑ࣬ჹϩթǴջࣁ᝼ᚒӧᕉნᝡݾΠޑ่

݀Ƕҗਔයওय़კύǴ࣮ډਣࢎᝡݾޑ୏ᄊၸำǴεࠠࢲ୏᝼ᚒǴᒿ๱ਔ໔ޑၳ߈Ǵ ჹࠤѱख़ा܄೴ᅌᡉ౜Ǵ߃ۈයېҥᗺӭǴೀܭᜐጔ᝼ᚒǴਔ໔௢຾Ǵޗ཮᝼ᚒ೿Ԗ ځว৖ޑᐕำǴவᗺԶጕԶय़Ǵ೴ᅌᘉεǴҗঁΓډიᡏǴҗϿኧΓጄᛑᙯΕϦӅሦ ୱǴԋࣁޗ཮ε౲ᜢݙޑขᗺǶࡺҁࣴزϩ݋ඓඝѤ໘ࢤޑ᝼ᚒว৖ᐕำǴයࡑ଺ࣁ

҂ٰ 2017 ԃহۑШࣚεᏢၮ୏཮ϐୖԵǶԜѦǴҁࣴز຾Զஒ᝼ᚒຎࣁ࿯ᗺǴᏤΕ

ीໆᏢޑཷۺǴᇶа፦܄೬ᡏ Nvivo8.0 ᆶ UCINET ीᆉӛЈࡋϷஏࡋኧॶǴаཥᆪ ຝज़ϩ݋БݤǴᕕှ᝼ᚒ੝܄٠ຑ՗ཥᆪ᝼ᚒӧࠤѱՉᎍѤᄬय़ύ߄౜ޑቫԛཀ఼Ƕ

ӧ҇౲ᄬय़ύǴຝज़ϩ݋Ȩ٣ҹ੝ቻȩޑှ᠐ǴI ໨ज़ឦܭӛЈࡋǵஏࡋௗଯޑ

᝼ᚒǴԖ୍ܺדπᎁ܄ផᘋޑ᝼ᚒ೏сᡉǴ҂ٰᔈ׳ख़ຎדπϷ୯Ѧიᡏӧྎ೯ਔᇡ ޕޑᙶమϷගϲדπԾךߥៈޑૈΚǴ٠ा؃᝾ࡹൂՏа҅྽ޑݤࡓำׇǴዴჴೀ

౛Ǵᔼ೷ᡣדπགډӼЈޑ୍ܺᕉნǶII ຝज़аȨדπܕ༅όىȩϷȨדπ૽ግόىȩ ࣁϣ೽ೱ่ᆙஏǴߏΦࣁѱ۬ᗦኁǶIII ຝज़ӭឦܭӒᐒ٣ҹǴӵǺ᠋༫ൂًᒧЋȨᇤ

΢୯ၰȩǴӢԜ҂ٰҙᒤᜪ՟ࢲ୏׳၀ख़ຎǴ୯ሞ໔ޑဦᇞ٬ҔǴаխ୯ѦᒧЋᇤှǶ IV ຝज़Ǵ߾߄Ԝ᝼ᚒว৖Кၨ໣ύǴӵǺᒧЋዛߎуዸЇଆϦѳ܄፦ᅪǴԜᜪЬᚒ Ԗ຾΋؁ว৖ޑޜ໔ǴڀԖወӧޑว৖ᖿ༈Ƕࡺҁࣴزᙖҗຝज़ޑϩ݋БݤǴаᕕှ

᝼ᚒ੝፦ӆᏤΕȨ҇౲Γނᄬय़ȩޑ K ਡЈ่ᄬǴᢀჸ᝼ᚒᝡݾᕉნύቫԛޑৡ౦Ǵ

௢ፕᏤठৡ౦ޑচӢϷёૈ܄Ƕ

ӧ K-cores ቫԛࣴزᡉҢǴШၮޑȨ྽Ӧȩ୔ୱ੝፦Ǵࣣۚ҇ϯيדπᑈཱུ׫ΕǴ ѱ۬ຎШၮࣁख़εࡹ฼ǴၮҔӚᅿᆅၰ໽ߦ౻܊ǴᏢਠǵ᝾ࡹࣣ೏୏঩׫ΕǴѱ۬а

ዛ໨֎Ї҇౲ୖᆶШၮڈᐟ౻܊ǴฅԶǴ೚ӭዛ໨คΓሦڗǴЇว฽ޣࡘԵǴаዛ໨

ڈᐟ҇౲ୖᆶࢲ୏ǴૈցၲډҞޑǴځύόЮ࠹໺ǵᔼၮǵӛҾ཰༅ਈዛ໨฻Γ٣ԋ ҁǴΖίӭঁዛ໨҂ሦڗǴࢂ࠹໺όΚǴᗋࢂΖΖНؠ٬ΓคЈু኷ǶځჴǴ٠όሡ

ा೭พբ཰Ǵ҇౲٩ฅ዗௃ୖᆶѠ᡼ޑಃ΋ԛǶ᠋༫Ǵ҇౲ΓނՉᎍᄬय़ਡЈ᝼ᚒǴ аȨדπȩ࣬ᜢ࿯ᗺϣ೽ηᆛ๎ᆙஏ໣ύǴฅԶᆶځѬ᝼ᚒޑೱጕี౧Ǵᡉຎ᠋༫ד πϣ೽ᐱҥ஑཰ი໗ǴᆶѦࣚၨ౧ᚆǴЪय़ᖏדπܕ༅όىޑୢᚒǴӧલϿ୍ܺדπ ޑ௃ݩΠǴ཮ౢғϿኧדπ཰୍ᕷख़Ǵੲ॰คΚགǴԶ҇౲ᆶѦᝤᒧЋલЮྎ೯ௗ᝻

ޑᐏఉǴᜤаӅᖪ౰ᖐǶ

֎ЇΚᄬय़Ǵຝज़ϩ݋Ȩ٣ҹ੝ቻȩޑှ᠐ I ໨ज़ϣ೽ᖄ่ᆙஏǴ᝼ᚒᖿӛԋ ዕޑाનԖჹܭᖐᒤεࠠࢲ୏Ѹा܄ޑ௖૸Ǵ፦ᅪࢂցԖ஥୏ӦБ࿶ᔮޑфૈǴܭ II ຝज़ϣ೽ೱ่ςၲᆙஏԖჹܭȨ३ෝȩ܌஥ٰޑᝡݾᓸΚǴ཰ޣᇡࣁଯ໢ऍ१ᖼ ނ࿯ؒԖ੝ՅǴόእ३ෝޑࠔจሸӄǴ೚ӭ୯ѦӀᢀ࠼ѝ཮૶Ր३ෝࣁᖼނϺ୸Ǵ ଯ໢߾೏ځӀؽ௝ᇂǶӢԜǴ३ෝ஥ٰޑᓸΚǴၲ΋ۓೕኳǴॶள҂ٰჹࠤѱࠔจ

ࣴزਔǴࡘԵӵՖ଺ѱ൑୔႖Ƕಃ III ຝज़ޑ೽ϩឦܭว৖όԋዕޑ᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋǵ ஏࡋୃեǴԖ H1N1 ჹ֎ЇΚՉᎍޑቹៜǴ᝼ᚒϩթܭᆛ๎ᜐໞǴёޕεࠠࢲ୏ޑ

ٛࣝթֽ၀ڙډޭۓǶӧ IV ຝज़ࢂ᝼ᚒࢎᄬόᆙஏǴԋዕࡋό୼ǴՠڀԖወӧޑ ว৖ᖿ༈Ǵаᖻ཮่״ࡕȨႝॣΟϼηȩǴԋࣁЎബౢ཰ݾ࣬ၮҔޑϡનǶࡺҁࣴ

زᙖҗຝज़ޑϩ݋БݤǴаᕕှ᝼ᚒ੝፦ǴӆᏤΕȨ֎ЇΚᄬय़ȩޑ K ਡЈ่ᄬǴ ᢀჸ᝼ᚒᝡݾᕉნύቫԛޑৡ౦Ǵ௢ፕᏤठৡ౦ޑচӢϷёૈ܄Ƕ

ӧШၮ K-cores ቫԛࣴزᡉҢǴ२ख़Ǵࢲ୏ය໔ჹ੃຤ޣޑڈᐟǹԛϐࣁᘍಥඳ

਻೦ᓍǴԶࣴزᡉҢǴШၮࢲ୏٬ᜅշ୘ӧ൞ᡏ΢ቚу೚ӭᚼӀᐒ཮Ǵჹ୘ࠔԶقࢂ

ӳޑՉᎍᆅၰǶ᠋༫ࣴزᡉҢǴၨӭ໒ჿЎ᛬ન׷ǴӼ௨а࠹໺࿯ҞࣁԑǴճҔжق Γ܈ᄽ঩ҁيޑޕӜࡋǴ่ӝ᛬ೌϡનǴԋࣁ֎ЇΚᄬय़ޑਡЈǶᢀჸШၮ໒ഈჿ܌

ၮҔޑ૛ਥન׷Ǵܴዴ৖౜ࠄѠ᡼܄௃Ǵӵ:ႝॣΟϼηǵ៚ᡪѲ೓ᔍǶฅԶӧᕴᡏ ηᆛ๎ቫԛύǴόऩ᠋༫ख़ा܄மǶ೷ԋ᠋༫ᆶШၮǴ໒ഈჿЎ᛬ϡનӧηᆛ๎ύ໘

ቫख़ा܄όӕǴচӢёૈࢂШၮआՅϷᙔՅၨਡЈ࿯ᗺς৖౜׳ख़ाޑ࿶ᔮ᝼ᚒǴΨ Ԗёૈࢂ᠋༫܌ᏰҔޑܴࢃӜኳ׳ڙ൞ᡏᒃᒘǶ

୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़ύ٣ҹ੝ቻǴI ຝज़аҬ೯ምᛖǵᆢӼ᝼ᚒǴᡉҢԜ᝼ᚒӛЈࡋϷ ஏࡋ೿ςၲډԋዕᆙஏޑำࡋǶII ຝज़᝼ᚒၲ΋ۓೕኳǴаᓪប൑ᓔޑ౽Ҭբ཰Ǵࢂ

ഢڙᢋҞޑ஑ߐᐱҥ٣ҹǴಃ III ຝज़ࢂӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եޑຼᜐ᝼ᚒǴIV ຝज़ࢂஏ ࡋեۘόԋዕ᝼ᚒǴӛЈࡋଯᡉҢځਡЈ᝼ᚒҁ፦ૈ୼֎Ї൞ᡏ௦ೖǴШၮр౜ε౲

ၮᒡ٬Ҕ౗ୃեޑ࿶ᔼӒᐒǶ᠋༫ԖၨϿပܭޑ IV ຝज़ޑ٣ҹ࿯ᗺǴёа௢ෳჹܭ

୷ᘵࡌ೛ᄬय़Ǵ᠋༫ࢲ୏่״ࡕǴԖၨϿወӧޑ᝼ᚒૈ୼࡭ុวሇаჹч೽ࠤѱౢғ ࡕុਏᔈǶ࿶ၸ᝼ᚒӧຝज़ύǴ੝܄௖૸ࡕǴҁࣴزᏤΕ᝼ᚒቫԛ่ᄬޑϩ݋Ƕ

K-cores ቫԛࣴزᡉҢǴШၮख़ܭε౲ၮᒡπڀӧКᖻය໔ޑ٬ҔǴаϦًǵ௘

ၮس಍Ϸଯೲ៓ၡࣁЬǶଯ໢ޑၮᒡπڀӭኬϯǴ᏾ᡏၮᒡس಍ว৖ၨч೽ఁǴЪ௘

ၮǵϦًǵଯ៓ϐ໔ඹж܄ଯǴय़ᖏၡጕǵфૈǵ࠼ྍख़᠄Ǵჹܭεࠠᖻ٣Ҭ೯ೕჄ

΢ߛሡ᏾ӝǶฅԶǴჹܭ٬Ҕ౗ୃեޑ௃ݩǴЬӢࣁ᏾ᡏၮᒡᆛ๎҂଼ӄϐ߻Ǵ҇౲

ςᎦԋدΓπڀж؁ޑಞᄍǴࡺటගਁε౲ၮᒡ٬Ҕ౗ǴନΑ܎ΚǴ౼рե༹ᓬඁБ ਢǴуம෧ᅹཀ᛽Ǵᗋሡ௢ΚǴ࠹Ꮴଶً਱ԏ຤ޑᢀۺǴӧ੟ઞࡅ׋୷ܭ੃ٛӼӄೕ

ჄआጕǴߦԋ҇౲ܫకѦрջаᐒًж؁ޑಞᄍǶ᠋༫ਡЈ᝼ᚒᡉҢǴ҇౲ଓ؃ᛙۓ Ӽӄޑ௘ၮس಍ǴӧЎ෫ጕӭԛрхࡕǴ҇౲፦ᅪय़ᖏᆙ࡚ރݩǴӵՖӼ࿼Ѧᝤ᠋ም ᒧЋǶԜѦǴჹѱ۬ᔼၮϷᆅ౛εࠠၮ୏൑ૈΚ፦ᅪǴ৮҂ٰᑫࡌ݊ξεѮೈஒీࣁ ૨ηᓔǴයࡑڀᡏ࿶ᔼ฼ౣǶ

׎ຝᄬय़ޑ೽ϩǴ२Ӄ৖Ңຝज़ϩ݋่݀ǴI ຝज़аٿ۞ჹ၉ڐ୘ǵයࡑૈᙖҗ ୯ሞᖻ཮ޑᖐՉᄆᡉ୯ৎЬ៾٬ࠤѱ׳у୯ሞϯǶII ຝज़ࢂߏයว৖ςᖿӛԋዕǴՠ ឦܭᜐጔߚਡЈ᝼ᚒǴр౜ࠤѱޜ਻ࠔ፦ୢᚒǴҁԛεࠠࢲ୏ӢҾ཰ޑଛӝᕇளׯ ๓Ǵಃ III ຝज़ӛЈࡋϷஏࡋ೿եǴёޕ௢ቶ১༈ᜢᚶޑ౛ۺǴӧཥᆪޑᝡݾύόڀ ൔᏤሽॶǶIV ຝज़Ǵаϼ໚ૈޑၮҔࣁॿഢወΚޑ᝼ᚒǴૈ୼ჹࠤѱౢғࡕុቹៜǶ

ࡺҁࣴزᙖҗຝज़ޑϩ݋БݤǴаᕕှ᝼ᚒ੝፦ӆᏤΕ K ਡЈ่ᄬǴᢀჸ᝼ᚒᝡݾ ᕉნύቫԛޑৡ౦Ǵ௢ፕᏤठৡ౦ޑচӢϷёૈ܄Ǵаჹᔈཥᆪਣࢎᝡݾޑཀ఼Ƕ

ӧ K-cores ቫԛࣴزᡉҢǴЬा᝼ᚒᕉᙅӧٿ۞ᜢ߯ว৖ࣁЬືǴٯӵ:҇຾លϣ ϦᙍΓ঩ॅഌ࠹໺ၮ୏Ǵ܌Їวٿ۞಍ӝݾ᝼ᆶ࿶ຩӝբ᝼ᚒǴᡉҢ҇຾លٿ۞ၡጕ ᙯࠠޑึნǶϷၲᒘാ჊ٰѠࣁНؠբࣹᅽࢲ୏Ǵϸࢀӧ᠋༫߾р౜ٿ۞ᜢ߯ޑᡂ ϯǶځԛǴࣁଯ໢ѱ۬ᆶᡏہ཮ᜢ߯ᆙᕲǴѱ۬࠹ᆀᡏہ཮Ιᜤ࿶຤٠ࡼа҇ཀᖂ૸Ƕ җ UCINET ࡌҥ K ਡЈ่ᄬޑቫԛख़ा܄ϩ݋ࡕǴёޕך୯ჹܭεࠠၮ୏ᖐᒤޑය ఈǴନΑ୻Ꭶ୯଼҇நமيޑᢀۺѦǴᕵฅ IWGA ΋ӆமፓόाᡣٿ۞ࡹݯషౄၮ

୏ৎޑᆒઓǴฅԶ୯Γ୏঩ޑΚໆόѦЯǴటᙖҗεࠠၮ୏ޑᖐᒤǴගϲ୯ሞ໔ޕӜ ࡋǴаᄆᡉך୯੿ჴӸӧǶ

᏾ᡏԶقǴଯ໢Шၮޑᆛ๎ஏࡋϷӛЈࡋࡰ኱ࣣଯܭѠч᠋༫Ǵ൞ᡏൔᏤࡰрǴ ӧଯ໢ШၮၸࡕǴഋ๸ޑࡹݯΓ਻ε൯㑱ଯǴΨᡣᆘՅ୺ࡹӧଯ໢ᑜѱӝٳࡕޑεଯ

໢Ӧ୔ઠᛙဌ؁Ƕϸᢀ᠋༫ǴคፕӧཥᆪຼයᚼӀ౗Ϸ K-cores ቫԛஏࡋϩ݋ࣣόϷ Шၮڙ൞ᡏᜢݙǴҗѱ۬Ў࠹ޑۓՏᡉҢȨ᠋ም༫ၮǵѠч޸റаϷ΢ੇШറѠчᓔǴ ࣁѠчѱᗌӛ୯ሞޑΟ೽ԔȩӢԜǴѠчѱࡹ۬٠ߚѝ஑ݙܭՉᎍ᠋༫ǴԶࢂஒԜΟ

ঁ୯ሞࢲ୏ຎࣁ΋ᡏǴӢԜǴ൩ൂ΋ٰ࣮᠋༫ԶقǴځӧ൞ᡏ࠹໺ᚼӀޑΚࡋǴ൩ᡉ ளᖓ১ΑǶҁፕЎϐࣴزᆶځдᏢޣനεϐόӕӧܭϣ৒ϩ݋ύ᝼ᚒౢғޑБݤǶа ۳ᏢޣӭୃӛܭаЎ᝘ᘜયϐБԄǴ຾ՉᓉᄊԄϐϩᜪࢎᄬࡌ᝼Ǵ٠ӧځࢎᄬΠ௖૸

࣬ᜢ᝼ᚒǶҁࣴز߾೸ၸၗ਑ᇆ໣ǴࡌҥШၮᆶ᠋༫ཥᆪၗ਑৤ǴவࠤѱՉᎍ܌ᜢݙ ޑ᝼ᚒǴᙖҗ፦܄ࣴز೬ᡏޑᇶշǴа፦၌ޑБԄǴҗΠԶ΢ޑ୏ᄊ܄ೱ่Ǵࡌᄬࠄ

೽Ϸч೽ᖐᒤεࠠၮ୏ᖻ٣ޑ᝼ᚒख़ा܄ϩ݋Ǵٰ௢ᏤШၮϷ᠋༫ޑόӕǴаගٮѠ

᡼҂ٰᖐᒤεࠠ୯ሞࢲ୏ว৖࣬ᜢࣴزǶ

ಃΒ࿯! ࡌ᝼

ҁࣴزЬा௖૸ࠤѱᖐՉεࠠࢲ୏ϐ൞ᡏ᝼ᚒϣ৒ϩ݋Ǵԑӧ௖૸୯ϣЬाൔર

ႝηၗ਑৤ύǴځൔરཥᆪЎҁϣ৒ӵՖൔᏤࠤѱՉᎍ᝼ᚒϐӚঁय़ӛǴ٠Ъᜢݙཥ ᆪ᝼ᚒӧϦӅᜢ္߯৖౜ޑ੝፦Ϸ᝼ᚒ໔ޑਣࢎᝡݾᜢ߯Ƕҁ࿯ᑼӝ߻ॊࣴزว౜Ǵ ᛥӈࡕុࣴزࡌ᝼բࣁୖԵǺ

΋ǵࡕុࣴزޣ

Ȑ΋ȑયΕځдࣴزπڀϷБݤǺ

୷ܭࣴزၸำޑ࿶ᐕǴཛྷ൨୯ϣᖐᒤεࠠࢲ୏ޑ࣬ᜢࣴزЎ᝘Ǵว౜໻ԖϿ೽ϩ Ꮲޣҗཥᆪϣ৒ύ௖઩ࠤѱՉᎍޑ᝼ᚒǴЪࣴز܌٬Ҕޑπڀۘ҂ᆶӭϡᇶշ೬ᡏ่

ӝǴҞ߻ ATLAS.tiǵNVivoǵNUD*ISTǵPajekǵUCINET ฻Ǵჹܭጓዸᙯ࿼კࠠК ჹǴҗεໆၗ਑ύᘜય௢ᏤԿޗ཮౜ຝǴૈ୼ᔅշ෧ϿΓΚϷЬᢀᇡޕޑৡ౦Ǵҗځ Ҟ߻ӧᏹբϟय़аၨ৒ܰ΢ЋǴೀ౛ᖂॣǵቹຝǵቹТфૈǴ೿ӝ፾ܭ፦܄ࣴزޑϩ

݋ᢀჸჹຝǶӢԜ࣬ᜢᏢೌൂՏёቚ໒፦܄ࣴز೬ᡏᏹբፐำǴ෧Ͽࣴزޣᄗ઩ዕ஼

೬ᡏޑਔ໔Ǵ࣬ߞ཮Ԗ׳ӭΓω׫ΕǴബ೷׳ᙦ൤ޑᏢೌԋ൩ǴаᔈҔӧޗ཮౜ຝׯ ๓Ǵቚу҇౲ᅽࣸǶ

ԜѦǴჹܭՉᎍޑ฼ౣၮҔӧࠤѱޑࣴز౐ੋޑጄൎቶݱǴԖڀᡏޑ୔ୱख़ಔǵ ޗ୔ೕჄ฻ǹΨԖܜຝޑࠤѱࠔจ௢ቶǵ೿ѱཀຝ༟೷฻ǶԶҁࣴزठΚܭ᠋༫ϷШ ၮӧཥᆪ᝼ᚒޑ੝ቻϩ݋Ǵ೿ࢂӧፋፕࠤѱՉᎍ߻ǴѸ໪Ӄ೏ుહޑ݄࿯ǹӵӕǴ୯ ϣᏢޣҖ઒ݓǵଭےࢺ฻ճҔ ZMET ᗦേܜڗמೌǴ௖઩ѠࠄϷଯ໢྽ӦΓϷၯ࠼

ుቫޑӦ୔ᇡޕǶ୤ԖᏢޣӧՉᎍޑӚᕉ࿯΢ոΚ௖؃Ǵ჋၂ᔈҔԖਏޑࣴز೼৩Ǵ ց߾ՉᎍޑѤ P ۯ՜р೚ӭޑ฼ౣǴᆶ੿ჴޗ཮ᕉნಥႋǴคݤ୺ՉပჴǴаठӦ୔

ᓑ௳Ǵ߾ࢂ཰ࣚǵᏢࣚǵࡹ۬೽ॺനό኷ـޑ൑ඳΑǶӢԜҁࣴزᇡࣁǴ҂ٰ࣬ᜢࣴ

زǴёа௦ҔӭϡޑБݤٰ௖઩ӚᅿёૈǴ߾ԖᒘܭԖᑫ፪ޑӕϘ۳ࡕӅӕոΚǶ ҁࣴز௖૸εࠠࢲ୏ޑཥᆪ᝼ᚒว৖ຼයǴว౜ШၮϷ᠋༫ӧѤ໘ࢤև౜όӕໆ ϯԔጕǴЪൔޗჹٿεᖻ٣ӚԖୃӳޑሽॶǴӢԜࡕុࣴزёаଞჹຼය่݀Ǵೖፋ εࠠࢲ୏ՉᎍϦᜢ೽Ǵჹܭ൞ᡏՉᎍ܌ᔈҔޑ฼ౣǴӧൔޗୃӳޑሽॶύǴࢂցԖଞ

ჹ੝ۓ኱ޑ௼ဂ଺௢ቶǴཥᆪຼයޑև౜ࢂցၲډႣයޑ൞ᡏՉᎍਏ݀Ƕ ȐΒȑࣴزਔ໔Ϸࣴزჹຝ΢Ǻ

ӢҁࣴزϐΓΚǵϷၗྍԖज़ǴคݤયΕ୯ѦჹܭѠ᡼ҁԛεࠠࢲ୏ޑ࣬ᜢཥᆪ ൔᏤуаϩ݋Ǵᗨฅჹܭεࠠࢲ୏ޑइᒵൔᏤǴа୯ϣ൞ᡏۚӭǹฅԶǴ҂ٰ࣬ᜢࣴ

زёаόൂᙹۓ୯ϣ൞ᡏϣ৒ǴΨёયΕႝຎ܈ࢂੇѦཥᆪٰྍǴࢂჹঁਢ଺׳ֹ᏾

ҥፕও݋ޑБԄǶԜѦǴନΑҁࣴزޑჹຝШၮϷ᠋༫ѦǴ޸റϷ҂ٰޑШεၮǴ೿

ࢂࠤѱՉᎍޑڂࠠঁਢǴӢԜ҂ٰࣴزޣନΑၮҔཥᆪϣ৒ϩ݋ݤᢀჸεࠠࢲ୏௃׎

ѦǴҭёቚуঁਢޑКၨǴ׳ёсᡉӦ୔ޑόӕϷ੝ቻǶ Βǵࡹ฼୺Չޣᆶεࠠࢲ୏ՉᎍϦᜢ

ჹࡹ฼୺ՉޣԶقǴᔈඓඝཥᆪ᝼ᚒޑᘉණၸำǴ፾ࡋ೸ၸཥᆪ᝼ᚒޑ໒วǵࡕ

ុ׳ుΕ᝼ᚒޑཥᆪዺวթǴаϷόӕᆅၰ൞ᡏޑམଛၮҔǴаᆢ࡭҅य़ཥᆪ዗ࡋǴ

ၲډԖਏ໺ኞޑਏ݀ǶԜѦǴᒿޣࠤѱՉᎍࡹ฼ޑပჴǴཥᆪਣࢎᝡݾύεࠠࢲ୏ޑ

᝼ᚒҗᜐໞᘉණǴว৖຾ΕਡЈǴჹܭཥᆪ᝼ᚒύǴਡЈ᝼ᚒᆶᜐໞ᝼ᚒޑ࣬ჹϩթǴ ջࣁ᝼ᚒӧᕉნᝡݾΠޑ่݀ǶჹܭՉᎍϦᜢԶقǴటԋфޑ࠹໺εࠠࢲ୏Ǵคߚा

ዕ஼Չᎍ฼ౣǴඓඝ᝼ᚒ੝܄Ǵωૈӧ᝼ᚒޑᝡݾᕉნΠǴЬᏤԖճ܈ԖሽॶޑཥᆪǴ

٬ట௢ቶޑ኱ޑǴӧཥᆪޑౢᇙύᕇளၨӳޑճ୷Ǵ໺ၲԿట୏঩ޑ௼ဂǶ Οǵ൞ᡏ

ҁࣴزύև౜ჹܭεࠠࢲ୏ޑ࣬ᜢཥᆪ᝼ᚒύǴ൞ᡏଞჹڀȨፂँ܄ȩǵȨݾ᝼܄ȩ

᝼ᚒޑཥᆪሽॶၨૈᄆᡉǴӢԜჹܭεࠠࢲ୏ӧ୯ሞ࣬ᜢޑ٣ނ܈ᕉ࿯ೀ౛Ǵ೿ᚆό ໒ཀ᛽׎ᄊޑװ૷Ǵ٠ӭவࡹݯفࡋϪΕǴϸࢀᗈፕཀـǴࢌᅿำࡋ΢ж߄҇౲ௗԏ ډޑ൞ϟૻ৲ၸࡋੌݱǴલϿεࠠࢲ୏ҁ፦य़ޑ௖૸ǹЪ࣬ჹޑǴࢂόճܭᙖҗ୯ሞ

܄ᆕӝᖻ٣ᖐᒤǴቚуࠤѱޕӜࡋޑਡЈЬԑǴӢԜࡌ᝼൞ᡏ཰ᔈஒൔᏤЬᚒКٯ଺

ፓଛǴନΑתᄽࡹ฼ࡼՉᅱ࿎ǵۚύڐፓޑفՅѦǴ׳ᔈගϲ௢ቶϷᏉᆫ҇౲ޑфૈǶ

ୖԵЎ᝘

Ν҅㧌Ǵ2002Ǵࡹࡹ۬ϦӅ᝼ᚒᆅ౛ϐ౛ፕᆶᔈҔࣴزǴՉࡹଣཥᆪֽ 91 ԃࡋࣴزൔ

֋༼ጓǶ

ϾᏦݤǵ೾۩ᅽǵ׵ᏦܲǴ 2004 ǴȨѠࠄѱ଼நᕉნࡰ኱ຑ݋ȩǴ଼଼நࠤѱᏢтǴ ಃ 1 යǴ। 35-43

БШᄪ᝿ǴKotler P. and Keller K. L. চ๱Ǵ1999ǴՉՉᎍᆅ౛ǴѠчǺܿ๮Ƕ Б҉ࢨǴ2003aǴȤम୯ণᏢک௲ػণᏢޑॠڮȥॊຑǴѠчѱǺৣεਜलǶ

Б҉ࢨǴ2004Ǵ၍၍ញᏢ౛ፕᆶ௲ػࣴزޑᜢ߯─аֈ਱ᅟޑ၍ញᏢ౛ፕࣁٯǴѠчѱǺ Ј౛Ƕ

Б҉ࢨǴ2008ǴȨޗ཮ࣽᏢБݤፕޑᐕўว৖Ϸځຑ݋ȩǴ12 ДǴᆛ֟Ǻ http://web.ed.ntnu.edu.tw/~ycfang/socialsciencemethod.htm

Б҉ࢨ᝿ǴPaulo Freire চ๱Ǵ2003bǴڙڙᓸॐޣ௲ػᏢǴѠчǺѮࢬǶ

БٵݒǴ2009ǴȨࠤѱၮ୏Չᎍޑ฼ౣϩ݋嘹Ǵεε஑ᡏػǴಃ 100 යǶ

ФໜӀǴ1998Ǵཥཥᆪፕॊӆ౜ޑণᏢᢀᆶሽॶᢀɡаੇ৙ٿ۞ࡹ៾೸ၸύѧВൔϷΓ

҇Вൔ຾ՉȨԢΖᗺȩϷȨ׵Ϥచȩޑჹ၉ՉࣁࣁٯǴᇶϘεᏢε౲໺ኞᏢࣴز

܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ЦඵѶǴ2008ǴȨݯᕍᜢ߯ύޕࡕӕཀၸำޑউ౛ԵໆȩǴᔈᔈҔউ౛ࣴز೯ૻǴಃ45 යǴ।13-26Ƕ

Ц໡๭Ǵ2004Ǵཥཥᆪፕॊࡌᄬϐζ܄ैΓᇟ᛬ຎഁɡаύ୯ਔൔǵᖄӝൔǵߙԃВൔ ࣁࣴزჹຝǴࡹݯբᏯᏢਠཥᆪࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

Цྷ፣᝿ǴBasil Bernstein চ๱Ǵ2007Ǵ໘໘ભǵ಄ዸᆶ௓ڋಃΟڔ─௲ػ໺ሀ౛ፕϐ ࡌᄬǴѠчǺᖄ࿶Ƕ

Цቺ࠶᝿ǴFoucaul M.চ๱Ǵ1993Ǵޕޕ᛽ޑԵ௚ǴѠчǺഝҖǶ

юᓉᏂǴ2004ǴȨவཥଭլථډࡕ่ᄬЬက─ፐำޗ཮ᏢࣴزޑӆཷۺϯȩǴ௲௲ػࣴز

໣тǴಃ 50 ڔǴಃ 1 යǴ। 119-142ǶѠчǺϖࠄǶ

Ѡ᡼ᆛၡၗૻύЈǴ2010ǴȨѠ᡼ᆛၡၗૻύЈᆛၡ٬ҔፓࢗȩǴ1 ДǴᆛ֟Ǻ http://www.twnic.net.tw/index4.php

Җ઒ݓ฻Ǵ2010ǴȨа ZMET ௖઩ࠤѱࠔจᇡޕᆶՉᎍ฼ౣബཀɡаѠࠄᆶଯ໢ࣁ ٯȩǴӄӄౚ୘཰࿶ᔼᆅ౛ᏢൔǴ҅অࣽמεᏢЬᒤǶ

ԙ؟ЎǴ2002Ǵޗޗፕޑፕ᛾่ᄬϩ݋Ǵ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢཥᆪࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ ֆۓǴ2003ǴϦϦӅࡹ฼ǴѠчǺ୯ҥޜύεᏢǶ

ֆࡾহǴ2009Ǵ2009 ԃଯ໢Шၮ཮ᖐᒤਏ੻ϐࣴزǴ୯ҥѠ᡼ᡏػεᏢᡏػࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎǶ

׹ފ࣓Ǵ2005Ǵؠؠᜤཥᆪϐཥᆪೀ౛ࣴز—аȨࠄ٥εੇቖȩൔᏤࣁٯǴШཥεᏢ໺

ኞࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

؋ܴғǴ1994Ǵଯଯ໢೿཮୔ว৖฼ౣϷՉ୏БਢϐࣴزǴଯ໢ѱࡹ۬ࣴز཮Ƕ

؋ܴғǵٌҏើǵഋࡌؼǴ1993Ǵගගϲଯ໢೿཮୔᏾ᡏғࢲᕉნࠔ፦Ь୏֎Їଯન፦

ౢ཰ᆶΓαϐࣴزǴଯ໢ѱࡹ۬ࣴزว৖Եਡہ঩཮Ƕ

ڬߎᅽǴ2000ǴѠѠ᡼ႝηൔጕ΢૶ޣཥᆪሽॶղᘐϐࣴزǴሎ໺εᏢ໺ኞᆅ౛ࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎǶ

ۏቶᶴǴ1999Ǵύύѧ೯ૻޗεഌཥᆪ೽ჹεഌཥᆪೀ౛ϐࣴزǴሎ໺εᏢ໺ኞᆅ౛ࣴ

ز܌ᅺγፕǶ

݅НݢǵಷЎ۸Ǵ1997ǴȨࡹ฼ፕॊᆶ᝼ำ೛ۓȩǴҥҥݤଣଣᆪǴಃ 26 ڔǴಃ 4 යǴ

। 9-29Ƕ

݅ҁࣀǴ2006ǴȨ፦܄ࣴزၗ਑ϩ݋ႝတ೬ᡏ NVivo 7.0 ᏹբЋнȩǴڬѳǵሸ଻ӃЬ ጓǴ፦፦܄ࣴزޑຫࣚǺЎϯ౜ຝޑϩ݋Ǵ჏ကǺࠄ๮εᏢ௲ػޗ཮Ꮲࣴز܌Ƕ

݅ק఼Ǵ2010Ǵၮၮ୏Չᎍ฼ౣϐঁਢࣴز-а 2009 Ѡч᠋ም༫ၮࣁٯǴ٥ࢪεᏢ୯ሞ

Ҿ཰ᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

݅ٵ։Ǵ1999Ǵཥཥᆪፕॊࡌᄬϐཥᑫے௲ᇟ᛬ຎഁɡаύ୯ਔൔ,ᖄӝൔᆶԾҗਔൔ ࣁࣴزჹຝǴᇶϘεᏢε౲໺ኞᏢࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

݅ࠄǴ2010Ǵ2009 ԃᆵч᠋ም༫ၮדπୖᆶ୏ᐒᆶπբᅈཀࡋϐࣴزǴᆵчѱҥ௲ ػεᏢᡏػᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

݅ጪޱǴ2006ǴࠤࠤᣁՉᎍϐ౛ፕᆶჴ፬─аཥԮᣁࡌ೛Ȩ޸༜ࠤᣁȩࣁٯǴҎ঻εᏢ ϦӅ٣୍ᆅ౛Ꮲسᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ᅺγፕЎǶ

ߋ࠮๮Ǵ2009Ǵ୍ܺܺගٮǵᡏᡍǵሽॶǵཀຝᆶՉࣁཀკϐ࣬ᜢࣴز-а 2009 ଯ໢Ш ၮЬ൑ᓔࣁٯǴ୯ҥଯ໢ᔈҔࣽמεᏢᢀӀᆶᓓਓᆅ౛سᅺγፕЎǶ

ߋ᝼ቺǴ2003Ǵааޗ཮ᆛၡϩ݋ݤຑ՗πբი໗ޕ᛽ബ೷ᆶϩ٦Ǵ୯ҥύ҅εᏢၗૻ

ᆅ౛Ꮲࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

࢒ߎሺǴ2003Ǵࡹࡹݯᆶ໺ኞɡଯ໢ѱࡹ۬ཥᆪೀ໺ኞфૈϐࣴزǴ୯ҥύξεᏢࡹݯ Ꮲࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ࢫ◖ᐝǴ2010ǴՉՉᎍϦᜢਏ݀ᆶၮ୏ᖻ཮ᅈཀࡋᜢ߯ϐࣴز-а 2009 ᆵч᠋༫ࣁٯǴ ୯ҥᄆϯৣጄεᏢᔈҔၮ୏ࣽᏢࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

णຽ๮Ǵ2007ǴΓΓπऍޑ໚ᒉǻѠ᡼᏾׎ཥᆪፕॊᆶ᏾׎ЎϯǴ୯ҥᆵ᡼᛬ೌεᏢᔈ Ҕ൞ᡏ᛬ೌࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ইݹϡǴ1999ǴȨץղፕॊϩ݋ᆶ൞ϟࣴزϐ߃௖ȩǴ໺໺ኞᆅ౛ᏢтǴಃ 1 ڔǴಃ 1 යǴ। 205-333Ƕ

ইݹϡǴ2003Ǵӆӆ౜ޑࡹݯ-ᆵ᡼ൔર൞ᡏჹȨдޣȩࡌᄬޑፕॊϩ݋ǴѠчǺॡդǶ

ঞ߀๭Ǵ2005Ǵጕጕ΢ޗဂᆛ๎ᆶౢࠔѱ൑ၗૻ࣬ᜢࣴزɡаЋᐒౢࠔࣁٯǴ୯ҥύ҅

εᏢၗૻᆅ౛ࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

৪ऍऴǴ1999ǴȨང෷ੰൔᏤޑ᝼ᚒᆶ੃৲ٰྍ೛ۓȩǴཥཥᆪᏢࣴزǴಃ 58 යǴ।

171-199Ƕ

਺᐀ᆺ᝿ǴFairclough, N.চ๱Ǵ2003Ǵ၉၉ᇟᆶޗ཮ᡂᎂǴч٧Ǻ๮হрހޗǶ

ଭҸᇬǴ2011Ǵܮܮൔٿ۞ཥᆪፕॊϩ݋ɡа ECFA ൔᏤࣁٯǴ୯ҥѠ᡼εᏢ୯ৎว

৖ࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ଭဂണǴ2005Ǵӭӭϡޗ཮ΠӦБϦ౲ว৖ᇡޕᆶӅ᛽฼ౣϐࣴزɡаଯ໢೿ѱՉᎍࣁ ٯǴ୯ҥύξεᏢϦӅ٣୍ᆅ౛ࣴزറγፕЎǶ

ଯඳەǴ2007Ǵ2001-2005 ԃཥૈྍ൞ᡏ᝼ᚒᑫଆϐࣴز—ཥૈྍൔᏤϣ৒ϩ݋ᆶബ ཥޣჹૈྍ᝼ᚒϐཀـǴШཥεᏢቶኞႝຎႝቹᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

஭ֻ҅Ǵ2009ǴၮၮҔᜢᗖຒࡌᄬޕ᛽ᆅ౛ࣴزᆛ๎Ǵ୯ٛᆅ౛Ꮲଣ୯ٛၗૻࣴز܌ᅺ γፕЎǶ

஭ذႠǴ2009Ǵୖୖᆶ੝ձࢲ୏ၯ࠼ϐ୏ᐒǵߞҺǵޕ᝺॥ᓀϷՉࣁཀӛϐᜢ߯ኳԄɡ а 2009 ଯ໢ШၮࣁٯǴ୯ҥଯ໢ᔈҔࣽמεᏢᢀӀᆶᓓਓᆅ౛سᅺγፕЎǶ

஭଼ݢǴ2009ǴȨܴൔᕴጓᒠፕཥᆪԾҗȨ6 ៾ȩȩǴ10 ДǴᆛ֟Ǻ http://education.mingpao.com/htm/Treporter/htm/workshop1.htm

஭ᒸ๮Ǵ1994Ǵ൞൞ϟЎϯǵཀ᛽׎ᄊᆶζ܄ǴѠчǺ҅ύǶ

஭ᙁስǴ2010Ǵ୯୯λޗ཮ሦୱӄౚӧӦϯፐำჴࡼϐՉ୏ࣴزɡаଯ໢௘ၮᆶШၮࣁ ٯǴ୯ҥࡀܿ௲ػεᏢ௲ػᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

ఉ୷۟᝿ǴKotler P.চ๱Ǵ1986ǴՉՉᎍᏢाကǴᆵчѱǺ᐀༜рހϦљǶ ಷᑣ๮Ǵ1998Ǵ೿೿ѱՉᎍ౛ፕᆶჴ୍ǴѠчǺࡌ೿Ўϯ٣཰ިҽԖज़ϦљǶ

೚চሎǴ2011Ǵख़ख़ाၮ୏౰཮ჹЬᒤࠤѱ࿶ᔮਏᔈϐࣴزɡа 2009 ԃଯ໢Шၮ཮ࣁ ٯǴ୯ҥଯ໢εᏢଯ໘࿶ᔼᆅ౛ᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ᅺγፕЎǶ

೾ҏᗪǴ2008Ǵ፦፦܄ࣴزၗ਑ϩ݋ Nvivo8.0 ࢲҔᝊڂǴଯ฻௲ػрހǶ

೾ᒑഊǴ2002Ǵ๤๤૟ޑ౜ຝޗ཮ᏢϷځ௲ػ᝶ကϐࣴزǴ୯ҥѠ᡼ৣጄεᏢ௲ػࣴز

܌റγፕЎǶ

ഋΏᆝǴ2010Ǵࡹࡹ۬௢Չ࿯ૈ෧ᅹϐ൞ϟ᝼ᚒϣ৒ϩ݋—а୯ϣЬाൔરႝηၗ਑৤

Ȑ2008 ԃ 5 Дɴ12 ДȑࣁٯǴШཥεᏢቶኞႝຎႝቹᏢسᅺγᏢՏፕЎǶ ഋॡᦖǴ2003ǴӦӦ୔ՉᎍᆶࠤѱᝡݾΚᔼ೷ϐࣴزǴҥቺᆅ౛ᏢଣӦ୔ว৖ᆅ౛ࣴز

܌ᅺγǶ

ഋഓ໦Ǵ1990ǴȨፕ൞ϟ౜ჴϐፕॊϩ݋ȩǴޗޗ཮௲ػᏢтǴಃ 19 යǴ। 135-167Ƕ ഋഓ໦Ǵ1991Ǵךך୯ཥᆪ൞ᡏࡌᄬޗ཮౜ჴϐࣴز—аޗ཮ၮ୏ൔᏤࣁٯǴࡹݯεᏢ

ཥᆪࣴز܌റγፕЎǶ

ഋ჏ᚕǴ2009Ǵتت܄يᡏޑགྷႽǺ଼நၗૻޑൔરཥᆪፕॊϩ݋ǴՕӀεᏢ໺ኞࣴز

܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ഋᓉፉǴ2010Ǵᆵᆵчѱࡹ۬ᖐᒤ᠋ም༫ၮϐࣴزǺࡹ฼ՉᎍޑᢀᗺǴ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢϦ ӅՉࡹࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ഋᜩӵǴ1993ǴȨ୯҇ύᏢϦӅᜢ߯௢৖ϐ౛ፕᆶჴ୍ࣴزȩǴ௲௲ػၗ਑ЎᄔǴಃ 32 ڔǴಃ 5 යǴ। 155-169Ƕ

൹޼Ǵ1996ǴȨፋ၉܄࿯ҞǵԌᔈᆶ҇ЬࡹݯȩǴऍऍኻДтǴಃ 11 ڔǴಃ 8 යǴ। 61-80Ƕ

൹޼Ǵ2001aǴȨ2001 ԃѠ᡼ᒧ҇ޑ൞ϟՉࣁᆶࡹݯߞҺȩǴᒧᒧᖐࣴزǴಃ 9 ڔǴಃ 2 යǴ। 1-36Ƕ

൹޼Ǵ2001bǴȨၗૻਔжᆵ᡼ႝη൞ᡏউ౛ᢀޑ࿶ᡍ܄௖૸ȩǴ٥٥ࢪࣴزǴಃ 39 යǴ

। 176-191Ƕ

මণϘǴ2008Ǵଯଯ໢Шၮ཮ᕉߥࡹ฼ᆶ௛ࡼϐ௖૸–аଯ໢Шၮ཮Ь൑ᓔࣁٯǴ୯ҥ Ѡ᡼ᡏػεᏢᡏػࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

໳ДऍǴ2004ǴGoodson ፐำўࣴزϐץղፕॊϩ݋Ǵ୯ҥѠчৣጄᏢଣ௲ػࡹ฼

ᆶᆅ౛ࣴز܌റγፕЎǶ

໳࣑࣑Ǵ2007ǴཥཥѠ᡼ϐηཥᆪፕॊύޑ៾Κᜢ߯Ǵ୯ҥᆵчεᏢޗ཮πբࣴز܌ᅺ γፕЎǶ

໳ਁ๮ǵ஭ᑫ଼᝿ǴWeber Max চ๱Ǵ1991Ǵޗޗ཮ࣽᏢБݤፕǴᆵчǺਔൔрހޗǶ

໳௴ЎǴ2001Ǵߦߦ຾ଯ໢ѱ୔ୱӆว৖ϐౢ཰ܕ୘ᄡᝮीჄࣴزǴ୯ҥύξεᏢϦӅ ٣୍ᆅ౛ࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ླྀ₄෕Ǵ2009Ǵଯଯࣽמౢ཰ϣ׫ၗᆛ๎ᆶဠᅱ٣ᆛ๎ϐࣴز─аѠ᡼ъᏤᡏౢ཰ࣁ ٯǴ୯ሞᄤࠄεᏢ୯ሞҾ཰ᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

ླྀഓо฻᝿ǴDavid, H., Anthony, M., David, G. and Jonathan P. চ๱Ǵ2001Ǵӄӄౚεᡂ ॠǺӄౚϯਔжޑࡹݯ࿶ᔮᆶЎϯǴޗ཮ࣽᏢЎ᝘рހޗǶ

ྕै޸Ǵ2006Ǵ޸޸ጪᑜӦ୔ՉᎍϐࣴزǴ୯ҥܿ๮εᏢϦӅՉࡹࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ ယഓ޹Ǵ2008ǴᔈᔈҔࠤѱೕჄᓔՉᎍࠤѱᇻඳᆶೕჄ౛ۺϐࣴزǴ୯ҥԋфεᏢ೿ѱ

ीฝᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

ၽ౛҇Ǵ1991Ǵޕޕ᛽ޗ཮ᏢǺޗ཮ჴᡏޑࡌᄬ (᝿Ў)ǴѠчѱǺѮࢬǶ ᄃϘက᝿ǴBottomore T.চ๱Ǵ1986ǴݤݤើլᅽᏢࢴǴѠчѱǺਦ߷Ƕ

ᄪ΋ѶǴ2009Ǵϼϼ໚ૈמೌܭࡌᑐޜ໔ਏ੻ຑ՗ϐࣴز-аଯ໢ШၮЬ൑ᓔࣁٯǴ୯ ҥҬ೯εᏢπำמೌᆶᆅ౛ಔᅺγӧᙍ஑੤ᅺγፕЎǶ

ᆴ୯ϘǴ1998ǴȨཥᆪൔᏤᆶ੿ჴࡌᄬǺཥᆪਣࢎ౛ፕޑᢀᗺȩǴ໺໺ኞࣴز໣тǴಃ 3 යǴ। 1-102Ƕ

ᆴ୯ϘǴ1999Ǵཥཥᆪ൞ᡏᆶ੃৲ٰྍǴѠчǺΟ҇ਜֽǶ

ᇳ୯Ϙǵ݅ර፣ǵഋ׊ᄪǴ1995ǴȨаӄౚၗૻᆛၡٰᇶշӦ୔ՉᎍȩǴHope NetǺӀ ᅷДтǴ। 94-97Ƕ

ቅذ٥Ǵ2009ǴཥཥᆪፕॊύޑߙϿԃҔᛰɡа K дڮࣁٯǴ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢཥᆪࣴز

܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ዐች࣓Ǵ2004Ǵᆣᆣፕ-Ꮲೌ௖زޑڂጄᆶཥᑫڗ৩ǴѠчѱ: Ј౛.

ጰऍྻǴ1999ǴϦϦӅᜢ߯─౛ፕᆶჴ୍ǴѠчǺ٥ϼკਜрހޗǶ

ፏလߪǴ2001 Ǵύύ୯εഌᕉ෪ੇӦ୔೿ѱՉᎍ฼ౣϐࣴز-аεೱѱࣁٯǴ୯

ᎄΞሎǴ2007Ǵཥཥᆪፕॊࡌᄬϐଭमΐᇟ᛬ຎഁǴ୯ҥࡹݯεᏢࡹݯࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ ᑵျ҇Ǵ2011Ǵ୯୯ሞཥᆪፕॊϐᝡ೴ᆶϸࡘǺаץղ܄ፕॊϩ݋೸ຎ Al-Jazeera ᆶ

CNNȨаЃፂँȩϐ୯௼ࡌᄬ฼ౣǴ୯ҥҬ೯εᏢ໺ኞࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ ᗛەࡾǴ2006ǴࠤࠤѱՉᎍǺаॣ኷ࣁ൞ϟɡଯ໢ѱ฼ౣว৖ϐࣴزǴ୯ҥύξεᏢ᛬

ೌᆅ౛ࣴز܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ᗛጩЎ฻Ǵ1995Ǵཥཥᆪޑਣࢎਏ݀ǴѠчǺࡹε໺ኞᏢଣࣴزύЈǶ

ᙁ჏ችǴ2010Ǵၮၮ୏Չᎍ฼ౣϐঁਢࣴز-а 2009 ଯ໢Шࣚၮ୏཮ࣁٯǴ٥ࢪεᏢ୯ ሞҾ཰ᏢسᅺγፕЎǶ

ᛥమߪǵഋד଻᝿Ǵ1999ǴThomas R.Dye চ๱ǴϦϦӅࡹ฼ཥፕǴѠчǺॡդǶ ᛥᅇ฻᝿ǴKotler, P., Hamlin M. A., Rein I. and Haider D. H. চ๱Ǵ2002Ǵࣽࣽ੝ୌు௖

ε٥ࢪǺΓዊǵߎዊᆶӦБӆ೷ǴѠчǺ୘ඵЎϯǶ

Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. 2000. Marketing: An Introduction, 5th ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Ashworth, G. J. and Voogd, H. 1990. Selling the City: Marketing Approaches in Public

Sector Urban Planning. Belhaven Press.

Avraham, E. 2000. “Cities and their news media images.” Cities. Vol. 17, No. 5, pp.

363-370.

Berg, L. van den and Braun, E. 1999. “Urban competitiveness, Marketing and the Need for Organising Capacity.” Urban Studies. Vol. 36, No. 5-6, pp. 987-999Ƕ

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